How to make a shed roof. Shed roofs of one-story houses: the advantages of original solutions Projects of houses and cottages with a shed roof

Realized projects of houses with single-pitched roofs or roofs with several slopes at different levels are becoming popular. Modern technologies open to designers, architects the most daring and original solutions.

Advantages of houses with shed roofs

A flat roof for private houses looks unusual for us so far. More often we see them in foreign films with actions taking place in the southern countries of the New World. Or in the south of Europe, for example, in the Balkans, where flat red tiled roofs are popular. For us, the reason for the low popularity lies in a more severe climate. Thick snow cover requires a solid roof and conditions for sliding snow crust, which has not reached a large mass.

For these reasons, one pitched roof not used as often as a traditional gable or four-pitched roof.

However, the benefits of using shed roofs are undeniable, and therefore the number of customers is gradually increasing. The list of advantages of this solution is convincing:

The disadvantages of a shed roof are obvious only with unsuccessful design, construction and relate to the appearance, the danger of overload from snow cover and the need for high-quality waterproofing.

Options for design solutions for houses with a pitched roof

Currently, design and construction companies offer different variants use of shed roofs or roofs with several slopes located at different levels and in different planes. It is safe to say that in this variety it is always possible to find a solution that will suit the most demanding customer.

When designing houses of this type, some technical and regulatory aspects should be analyzed. Unlike houses with a gable roof, the wind resistance of a single-slope version is higher. However, if the designers propose a continuation of the roof in the form of a canopy over the veranda or over the parking lot, then such a solution requires careful calculations. The additional open roof area dramatically increases windage and can cause damage. Therefore, it is important to provide additional fasteners in the form of reinforced racks or additional beams.

Project of a house with a pitched roof

houses with one pitched roof are usually medium in size and small in area. When designing, attention should be paid to rational use usable space. Due to the uneven height of the ceilings, the highest rooms should be allocated under common rooms, living rooms. Under the bedrooms and auxiliary rooms, rooms with lower ceilings can be allocated.

For example, let's take a project of a country house, originally inscribed in the surrounding landscape. Such a house is a harmonious and practical solution. A single wooden roof over the entire interior space of the dwelling gives it a natural, natural look.

Large roof overhangs do not pose a risk of collapse, as the surrounding trees reliably protect the house from the wind

Practicality when using different heights of rooms is brought here almost to the ideal. Staircase, terrace and large windows on the side of the slope provide additional visibility, and also leave space for the hallway and utility compartments under the top of the roof. The reliability of the roof fastening is given by additional jet supports. Warmth, comfort and a dream come true emanates from such a house.

Shed roof project

The design of this log house in nature is unpretentious, but very harmonious. An ideal place for family holidays, fishing and hunting. And not only in the summer, since a house made of timber can be quickly heated in winter, turning it into a warm, cozy place for spending leisure time. The shed roof provides the possibility of arranging additional camping beds. A terrace and a summer playground can become a comfortable place for relatives and friends without any special expenses. A canopy or tent will quickly turn it into a comfortable camp for the night.

The shed roof successfully crowns an elegant house on the shore of a reservoir, which can be used for living when going fishing or hunting

Houses from ordinary logs are traditionally built with a gable roof. However, now there are cases when the variant of a pitched roof is also used.

Photo gallery: options for log cabins with a pitched roof

A log house with two shed roofs is quite suitable for year-round living A log house with a shed roof is ideal for baths

Projects of houses with a shed roof and a garage

A shed roof with its inherent lack of incompleteness is radically transformed in a solution with several slopes at different levels. Separate blocks of the house, garage or terrace perfectly balance the appearance, giving it a complete and harmonious look. This saves all practical benefits shed roof.

In such a composition, the room under the garage fits well. This is especially true when there is a separate passage from the house to it. For dynamic people who value every minute, such an advantage is undeniable.
The auxiliary roof of the garage with an oppositely oriented slope successfully compensates for the height of the main house
Similar associations are evoked by a plot with a house and a full complex of buildings from shed roofs. The uniform style of all buildings creates a harmonious ensemble.
If all the buildings on the site have the same roofs, it looks stylish and rather peculiar.
An interesting and original project is a two-story spacious house with a built-in garage. A flat roof, a large area of \u200b\u200bthe house on a small plot of land solves the issue of using usable space with maximum efficiency.
A large shed roof with a minimum angle of inclination allows you to make the most efficient use of the space on the second floor
The original result when designing houses based on shed roofs is achieved if the dwelling is divided into separate blocks. Each such block can have its own shed roof, but their direction can be very different. Architects design original variants such structures, each of which carries its own individuality. For the northern regions, the slope of the roof should provide a guaranteed melting of the snow cover without the accumulation of a large mass on the surface.
The originality of such a project is achieved due to the multidirectional planes of shed roofs.

Country house with pitched roof

It is convenient to build a country house with a shed roof on an inclined plot. At the same time, the natural slope can be practically used to reduce costs by fitting part of the living space into the existing terrain. Such a "dugout" for utility rooms is practically useful: cool in summer, warm in winter. A large terrace with glass walls offers a good view of the open part of the landscape.

In the part of the house, located on the slope, utility rooms are successfully located, in which a comfortable climate is always created.

Sloped roofs on non-residential buildings and structures

The sloping roof is gradually becoming commonplace for buildings of various purposes from summer country houses for seasonal living up to all sorts of outbuildings. This roof design is well suited for the installation and maintenance of solar cells. The high cost of energy and its scarcity makes any alternative energy supply solutions a priority. This is one of the reasons why many people cannot afford living in green areas due to the high cost of heating.

Greenhouse project with polycarbonate shed roof

A sloping shed roof for a greenhouse is a good solution for minimizing the cash costs for its construction. Since such structures are often made on their own, it is recommended that they be properly designed in terms of strength and economy. Excessive requirements for strength can lead to an unjustified increase in the cost of the object. At the same time, insufficient strength can cause destruction from the wind or from the load of the snow cover.

At correct calculation height and slope of the roof of the greenhouse, snow can be easily removed from it

Shed projects with a shed roof (3x6, 4x6)

The most common use of shed roofs in the construction of various outbuildings, sheds, poultry houses. When using a log for the construction of a barn, the construction of a powerful foundation is not required, given the low weight of the tree. Relevant is the issue of ensuring tightness in order to exclude the penetration of rodents. To do this, the joints of the walls and the roof must be connected with minimal gaps, and deep masonry made of special bricks can be used as a foundation.

Sheds made of blocks with a shed roof are equipped with strong beams to prevent wind damage. Fastening to such beams allows you to evenly distribute the load on the walls.

For outbuildings, the use of pitched roofs is the most common option.

Design features of shed roofs

The design of houses with a shed roof has a number of technical and architectural features. If you take them into account correctly, the result will be of high quality. It is also important to follow all the necessary rules for the operation of the roof. Here are some of these features and rules:

It is necessary to carefully design the exterior of the house. Here, for sure, you will need the participation of an experienced designer, architect. A flat roof eliminates many of the finishes that are acceptable for a gable roof.
When designing a roof, it is necessary to provide high-quality waterproofing, since the vulnerability and tendency to leaks in flat roof much higher. For example, the need to periodically clean the roof of snow mechanically can easily damage the outer protective layer of the roof, and therefore durable materials should be used.
During the construction of the roof, the participation of professional roofers is also necessary in order to exclude defects or deviations from building codes.
It is necessary to regularly monitor the condition of the roof, since the timely elimination of defects will significantly reduce the cost of maintaining the house.

When designing shed roofs, the initial data for calculations are the following information:

Technical assignment for design. It can be a traditional regulatory document or a design project, a sketch, a drawing.
Data on the maximum load from snow cover.
Planned angle of the roof.
load-bearing wall material.
Limit loads on walls.
Data on the predominant wind direction.
Room layout.
Foundation construction.
The total budget of the facility.

by the most important point when designing a shed roof is the choice of the rafter system. The type of roof trusses and the number of spacer elements is determined by the distance between the walls of the house.

The design of the truss system is determined by the span of the building

Any roofing material can be used as a shed roof covering. Appropriate changes are made to the roof structure depending on the planned coverage. This applies to the scheme of the crate, the dimensions and strength of the materials used.

Video: designing a roof slope

Shed roofs, roofs with several slopes at different levels, sheds open up many rational options when designing a home. Modern durable materials allow you to realize the most original design solutions. These and other factors make it possible to increase the number of developers who have chosen shed roofs.

If you want to build an extraordinary, unlike the neighbor's house, take a closer look at the houses under a pitched roof. It gives the building originality. In addition, a shed roof is the easiest to construct. So simple that it is quite possible to do it yourself.

Advantages and disadvantages

Shed roofs are considered the most inexpensive and easy to install. And this is true, especially with a small width of the building. However, in our country, houses with shed roofs are very rare. For the most part, this is due to the fact that two or four pitched roofs are more familiar to us - they look more familiar. The second challenge is to find a project adapted to our weather conditions. There are a lot of projects on Western resources, but they are designed for a milder climate, as a rule, they have a large glass area. Finding an architect who will competently change the project you like is very difficult. But if you still succeed, and at the same time the harmony of the building is not disturbed, the house turns out to be very original.

Many are afraid of uneven ceilings in some part of the building. Of course, they are more difficult to beat than the standard ones, but the result is of a completely different level - 100% original. True, this time it is very difficult to find a designer who can develop such an interior in the vastness of our Motherland, however, it is possible.

There is another way out - to align the ceilings due to the overlap, and use the free space under the roof as Technical buildings. Implemented and such options and the owners are very satisfied. Yes, the technical rooms are on the ground floor, but upstairs, but there are no problems with groundwater.

These are, perhaps, all the disadvantages or pitfalls that a pitched roof can bring. There is, however, one more point that can hardly be called a disadvantage. Due to the peculiarity of the structure, the roofing material on such houses is not visible from the ground. If the terrain is flat, without large elevation changes, there is no point in bothering with the appearance of the roof. It is better to choose simple-looking, but quality materials, quiet (the plane is large, it makes a lot of noise in the rain) and reliable. One of the popular options is seam roofing. It provides the proper degree of tightness, not very noisy. Another option is from modern materials. Such roofs are even quieter, and modern materials can be used for 20-30 years without repair.

Shed roof device

Organize the required slope of the shed roof due to the difference in heights of opposite walls. One wall of the building is much higher than the other. This leads to an increased consumption of materials for the walls, but the rafter system is very simple, especially for buildings of small width.

With sufficient bearing capacity walls, the truss system of a shed roof rests on a Mauerlat attached to the wall. To make the load distribution more uniform, the upper row of masonry walls is reinforced with longitudinal reinforcement (for brick walls, made of concrete blocks) or an armored belt is poured over the last row (for walls made of limestone, shell rock). In the case of a wooden or frame structure, the role of the Mauerlat is usually performed by the last crown or upper harness.

With insufficient strength of the building material of the walls, most of the load can be transferred to the ceiling. To do this, install racks (step - about 1 meter), on which runs are laid - long bars running along the building. Then the rafter legs rest on them.

When pouring the armored belt or laying the last row, studs are installed in it, with a step of 80-100 cm, with the help of which the Mauerlat is then attached to the walls of the building. IN wooden houses, if you do not make an armored belt, it is impossible to lay studs. In this case, installation on pins with a hexagonal head is allowed. Under the pin, a hole is drilled through the Mauerlat, a couple of millimeters smaller than the diameter of the pin. A metal rod is hammered into it, which attracts wooden beam to Wall. The connection is tightened with a hex wrench of the required size.

Shed roof truss system

Such roofs are especially popular in the construction of courtyard buildings - sheds, garages. It's just that the dimensions of the buildings allow the use of not very powerful beams, and the beams are required in a small amount. With a building width of up to 6 meters, the shed roof truss system contains almost no additional reinforcing elements (props and girders), which is beneficial. Also attracted by the absence of complex knots.

For Middle lane For a span of up to 5.5 meters, Russia takes beams of 50-150 mm, up to 4 meters 50-100 mm is enough, although in a good way, you need to consider the snow and wind load specifically in your region, and, based on this, determine the parameters of the beams .

With a distance between the walls of up to 4.5 meters, a shed roof consists of two Mauerlat bars fixed on the walls and rafter legs that rest on the Mauerlat. A very simple design indeed.

With a span width of 4.5 meters to 6 meters, another bed is required, fixed on a higher wall at the level of the ceiling and under rafter leg, which rests on the beam almost in the middle. The slope angle of this beam depends on the distance between the walls and the level of installation of the bed.

More complex truss systems in a shed roof with a building width of more than 6 meters. In this case, it is optimal if the house is designed in such a way that there is also a load-bearing wall inside, on which the racks rest. With a house width of up to 12 meters, the trusses are still simple, and the cost of roofing is minimal.

For buildings with a width of more than 12 meters, the system becomes more complicated - there are more rafter legs. In addition, the manufacture of beams longer than 6 meters is expensive. If an increase is required only by the width of the roof overhangs, the beams are grown along the edges with fillies. These are pieces of beams of the same section, connected to the beam and fixed on the sides with two wooden plates at least 60 cm long, fastened with bolts or nails, allow the use of mounting plates.

If the total length of the beam is more than 8 meters, they are usually spliced. The joints are additionally reinforced by nailing boards or mounting plates.

Options for attaching rafters to the Mauerlat: sliding glory at the top and hard at the top right. Bottom right tie-in option without overhangs (very rarely used)

There may still be questions about how to attach the rafters of shed roofs to the Mauerlat. There are no fundamental differences. Everyone also makes a cutout in the rafter leg, with which the timber rests against the Mauerlat. In order not to suffer with each rafter leg, aligning its fit, sawing the first one, make a template from a piece of board, thick plywood or timber, exactly repeating the resulting “drank”. All subsequent rafters are cut down before installation. A template is applied to them in the right place, a notch of the required shape and size is circled and cut out.

This was about the rigid fastening of the rafter legs to the Mauerlat. It is used on all buildings that have low shrinkage. On wooden houses, this method of fastening cannot be used - the house settles all the time or rises slightly, which may cause a skew. If the roof is fixed rigidly, it may tear. Therefore, when constructing a shed or any other roof on wooden houses, a sliding connection of rafters and Mauerlat is used. For this there are so-called "sliders". These are plates, a state of corners that are attached to the Mauerlat and metal strips movably connected to them, which are attached to the rafter leg. There are two such slippers on each rafter.

The choice of the angle of the roof

The angle of the roof slope is determined by a combination of indicators - wind and snow load and type roofing material. First determined with an angle by climatic conditions(depending on the amount of precipitation and wind loads). After looking at the minimum recommended slope for the selected type of roofing material (in the table below).

If the desired angle is larger, everything is fine, if it is smaller (which happens very rarely), increase it to the recommended one. Making a roof with an angle less than the minimum angle recommended by the roofing manufacturer is not worth it for sure - it will flow at the joints. To make it easier to navigate, let's say that for Central Russia the recommended slope of a shed roof is 20 °. But it is desirable to count the figure for each region, and even for a different location of the building on the site.

By the way, keep in mind that different manufacturers of the same type of roofing material may require different minimum slope. For example, one brand can be produced on a roof with a minimum slope of 14 °, the other - at 16 °. And this despite the fact that GOST defines a minimum slope of 6 °.

It is also worth remembering that with a slope of up to 12 °, in order to ensure the tightness of any roofing material, it is necessary to coat all the joints of the material with a liquid waterproofing composition (usually bituminous mastic, less often roofing sealant).

Determine the height to which you want to raise the wall

To ensure the found angle of slope of a shed roof, it is necessary to raise one of the walls higher. How much higher we learn, remembering the formulas for calculating a right triangle. From them we find the length of the rafter legs.

When calculating, do not forget that the length is obtained without taking into account overhangs, and they are needed to protect the walls of the house from precipitation. The minimum overhang is 20 cm. But with such a small protrusion outside the building, the shed roof looks sparse. Therefore, overhangs of at least 60 cm are usually made on one-story buildings. On two-story buildings, they can be up to 120 cm. In this case, the width of the overhang is determined based on aesthetic considerations - the roof should look harmonious.

The easiest way to determine how much you need to extend the roof is in design programs that allow you to draw a building on a scale and “play around” with overhangs. Everything should be displayed in 3 dimensions (the most popular program is ScratchUp). Spin in it different sizes overhangs, decide which one looks better (this is if there is no project), and then order / make rafters.

Photo report from the construction site: shed roof on a house made of aerated concrete

A house was built in St. Petersburg. There was no project, there was a general idea, which is presented in the photo. Aerated concrete house finishing- plaster, roof - seam is chosen based on low cost, reliability, ease of installation.

After the walls were driven out, an armored belt was poured into them, in which studs (Ø 10 mm) were installed every meter. When the concrete in the armored belt reached the required depravity, a layer of waterproofing (Gidroizol, cut lengthwise into strips of the required width) was laid on the bituminous mastic. A Mauerlat is laid on top of the waterproofing - a beam of 150-150 mm. All lumber used for roofing is dry, processed protective impregnations, flame retardants.

The beginning of the installation of a shed roof - laying the Mauerlat

It is first put in place (it lies on studs, held by assistants), they pass along, knocking with a hammer on the places where the studs are. The places where the studs stick out are imprinted in the beam. Now drill holes and just put it on the studs.

Since the span is large, supports made of timber (150-150 mm) were installed, on which a run was laid that will support the rafter legs.

The width of the roof is 12 meters. This is taking into account the removal of 1.2 meters from the front side. Therefore, the Mauerlat bars and the run “stick out” beyond the walls for just such a distance.

At first there were doubts about such a large offset - the rightmost beam hangs 2.2 meters. If this offset is reduced, it will be bad for the walls, and appearance get worse. Therefore, it was decided to leave everything as it is.

Laying rafters

The rafters are laid from two spliced boards 200 * 50 mm, with a step of 580 mm. Boards are knocked down with nails, in a checkerboard pattern (top-bottom), with a step of 200-250 mm. Nail heads on the right, then on the left, in pairs Two on the top / bottom on the right, two on the top / bottom on the left, etc.). We spread the splicing points of the boards by less than 60 cm. The resulting beam is much more reliable than a similar solid beam.

Further, the shed roof pie for this case is as follows (from the side of the attic - to the street): vapor barrier, stone wool 200 mm, ventilation gap (batten, counter-batten), moisture insulation, roofing material. In this case, it is a dark gray pural.

We will carry out insulation from the inside later, but for now, we are laying a hydro-wind-protective membrane "Tyvek Solid" (vapor-permeable) on top of the rafters.

The membrane is laid from the bottom up, fastened with staples from a stapler. That canvas, which is rolled out higher, goes on already laid by 15-20 cm. The joint is glued with double-sided tape (bought together with the membrane). Then, strips are stuffed over the membrane, on them - a crate for a folded roof.

First, a crate was made from a board 25 * 150 mm in increments of 150 mm. After laying, walking along the roof, it was decided to strengthen the crate. To do this, between the already laid boards we fill the boards with a width of 100 mm. Now there is a gap of 25 mm between the boards.

Shed roof sheathing as a result

Further, on the lower pediment, hooks were stuffed for. They are filled unevenly, because due to the large length of the pediment, it was decided to make two receiving funnels at a distance of 2.8 meters from the edge. To ensure flow in two directions, such a relief was made.

Next, you need to bring in pieces of metal (paintings) 12 meters long. They are not heavy, but you can’t bend them, because the “sled” disappears. For lifting, a temporary "bridge" was built connecting the ground and the roof. Sheets were lifted along it.

Next come roofing, which differ depending on the type of roofing material. In this case, it was necessary to solve the problem of thermal expansion of the material - galvanized steel (pural) significantly changes its dimensions when heated / cooled. To ensure freedom of expansion, it was decided to fasten the material to the crate behind the seam with movable clamps with a freedom of movement of 15-20 mm.

After laying the roofing material, the filing of the overhangs remains, and they are no different.

The roof needs to be brought “to mind” - to hem the overhangs, but, basically, it is already ready

Well, in the photo below is what happened after finishing. Very modern, stylish and unusual.

Shed roof house - almost finished

Projects and photos of houses with a pitched roof

As already mentioned, hard to find interesting projects dwelling houses with pitched roofs. So far, these buildings are not popular with us. Perhaps just because of its eccentricity. This section contains several projects or photos of already built houses. Maybe someone will be useful at least as an idea.

Large windows - beautiful, but irrational in our climate

Multi-level house - an interesting completed project

This is the prototype of the one above.

Original house. Under one shed roof and a house and household buildings, and even part - a canopy over the yard between two buildings

A shed roof is not so often used for arranging the roof of private houses, although both the construction itself and its installation are much simpler than a gable one. It is believed that this type of roof does not retain heat well enough in the house, therefore, it is more often used in the construction of country houses and sheds. However, it should be noted that it is quite possible to make this structure warm and even arrange an additional room under it if the thermal insulation is properly installed.

Do-it-yourself shed roof is made according to pre-drawn drawings made on the basis of the calculations. This is especially important in cases where it is planned to make a dwelling under it.

The main advantages and disadvantages of the design

The advantages of this design include the following:

Saving money on the purchase of building materials.
Simplicity of design and, therefore, installation.
Light weight, compared with the gable option - less load falls on the walls.
High resistance to wind and load from accumulated snow on the roof.
The structure can be erected in a different angular range - from 5 to 45º.
The shed roof, made at a slight angle, allows you to install a hot water tank or solar panels on it, as well as arrange a place to relax.
Such a structure can be covered with any of the existing roofing materials, of course, taking into account the conditions of its operation and the angle of inclination.

Naturally, like any design, a shed roof has its drawbacks, which you also need to know when choosing this option:

A roof with one slope requires more serious insulation than, since there is not such a large space under it that creates an air gap. Without the arrangement of reliable thermal insulation in the summer months, the attic space will become very hot, and in the winter it will cool down, in both cases transferring the temperature to the house. However, if you correctly calculate and carry out the installation of all elements, then this drawback can be avoided.
If the overlap is done immediately under the roof, arranged at a small angle, then the house loses not only the top air gap, but also the attic, which means the ability to arrange an additional room - this can be considered the second design flaw. But, if the attic space is planned a little differently, then this drawback can be dealt with.

Another disadvantage of a shed roof applies only to a structure with a slight slope of 5-10º - this is a poor descent of snow masses from it. So, with a large accumulation of snow, the roof will have to be cleaned manually or a heated roof system should be made using a heating cable.

Prices for heating cable and accessories

Heating cable and accessories

Video: a small country house with a pitched roof

Calculation of the design of a pitched roof

If a decision is made to arrange a pitched roof, then first you need to make calculations and make sure that they are correct, having personally seen the preliminary result in the drawing. Only in this case, you can get exactly the option that is ideal for a particular building and its residents.

In order to draw up such a scheme, you need to define the following parameters:

The total width of the building and the length of the spans between the bearing walls.
Estimated slope angle.
The total length of the roof.
Desired roofing material.
Height and width of load-bearing walls.

If the roof is planned for country house or, then it is enough to make the front wall of the building slightly higher than the back one to a certain height in order to bring out the angle of the slope.

- It will depend on the internal distance between the walls how much the rafters should be strengthened, and how many beams will be required.

- Before completing the drawing, it is necessary to decide whether it is planned to arrange a living room in the attic - the angle of inclination of the slope and the height of the gable being built will depend on this decision.

- Also, the angle will depend on how far the trump is planned to be taken out To to the roof in front and behind the building.

- In addition, you need to decide on the location of the veranda or terrace, since the roof can also cover it in front or behind the house.

- The above factors directly affect the length, and the total length of the building - on their number.

- The rafters are laid across the building at a distance of 500 to 800 mm from each other. The wider the building, the longer and more massive the rafters should be. Their cross section varies from 80 × 150 mm and above. For example, if the rafters are fixed over a span of 6-7 meters, then the size in the cross section of the rafters must be at least 110 × 200 mm.

- For the manufacture of rafters, high-quality, well-dried lumber is selected that does not have cracks and large knots, especially in the areas of their connection with other parts. made of thick boards or timber.

- When the length of the blanks is not enough due to the large width of the structure, they have to be joined. The connection of two parts of the rafter into a single piece is recommended to be placed on the support beams or, if they consist of boards, one of them should overlap the other by at least 500 mm.

- Sometimes the rafters are even made up of three parts. In this case, the central part of the rafter extends to the extreme also at a distance of 500 mm.

- So that over time the rafters do not sag, they are propped up and fixed with various elements of the truss system - struts, crossbars and racks. Such additional parts are used if the span width exceeds a distance of 5 meters.

The cross-sectional dimensions of these reinforcing elements must be at least 50 × 100 mm, and for gaskets and beds - 100 × 150 mm.

- With a span length of 12 m, a rack must be installed in the middle of the floor beam, which also serves to support the rafter leg.

- If the length between opposite walls exceeds 12 m, then, in addition to the rack, additional rafter legs are installed - they will stiffen the flooring.

- With a distance between bearing walls at 15 meters or more, there should be at least two racks, and each of the rafter legs is installed as close as possible to the middle of the rafter span between the gable wall and prop-rack. Additionally, in the center of the structure, the racks are fastened together with a grappling bar - this distance should be one third of the width of the building.

- At whatever angle the shed roof is arranged, the rafters are laid on, fixed on the walls and on the pediment.

The diagrams show options for supports in truss systems, with spans of various sizes between the walls. They can be easily navigated by drawing up a project diagram for a particular building.

The roof drawing must include all necessary information about all sizes of structural elements and distances between them. Having such a scheme at hand, it will be easy to do work, so the drawing must be drawn up very carefully and accurately.

Calculation of the angle of the roof slope

It is calculated based on the fact that the roof has the shape of a triangle, in which one corner is always right. This angle is formed by the legs of the floor beams and the gable part of the structure, and the rafters in this figure play the role of the hypotenuse.

In the figure shown, the following conventions:

— Lc- the length of the rafter leg;

— Lbc- the height of the pediment from the floor beams to the intersection with the roof plane;

— Lsd- the width of the house;

— A- selected or calculated angle of inclination of the slope.

If we remember the basic school course tr igonometry and arm yourself with a calculator, it will not be difficult to calculate all the parameters of the future roof, based on the initial values. It is easy to measure the width of the building, and either the desired height of the pediment or the selected angle of the roof slope can act as the second parameter.

So, if the width of the building and the planned height of the pediment are taken as the basis, then the slope angle is easy to calculate with the formula:

TgA = Lbc : Lsd

If the selected angle of the roof slope is taken as the basis for the calculations, then the height of the pediment will be equal to:

Lbc =TgA× Lsd

Lc \u003d Lsd: CosA

At the same time, we do not forget that the length of the rafter, calculated in this way, is only up to the intersection with the plane of the walls, without taking into account the canopies from the front and back of the building.

The slope of the slope angle is selected depending on some criteria, one of which is the selected type of roofing material, since for each of them it is recommended to choose a specific value or parameter that is as close as possible to it, for example:

- Decking requires a slope of at least 8º.

- When using metal tiles, you can make a roof with a slope of 30º.

- For slate, an angle of 20-30 ° is well suited.

- For rolled roofing materials, such as roofing material, as well as other soft roof the slope angle of the ramp is recommended from 5-7 °, but not less.

If the roof does not have a heating system and the building is located in a region where winter time a large amount of precipitation falls the best option there will be a shed roof, arranged at an angle of 40-45 °, no matter what roofing material it is covered with.

In addition to the above data, you need to understand what types of truss systems are.

Types of truss systems on a pitched roof

When arranging a shed roof, it can be performed in one of three options, the choice of which depends on the type and size of the structure:

The hanging system is installed in rare cases when there are no capital partitions between the main load-bearing walls. During the construction of such a roof, for the convenience of work, temporary flooring from boards is laid on the floor beams. On this basis, the truss system trusses are assembled. In order for the hanging system to be reliable, the parallel walls on which the floor beams will be laid must be brought to the same height. If necessary, this type of construction is used in houses built from any types of materials used in construction.

If a room is planned in the attic, then ventilation is arranged as for a living space.

If the structure will only serve as an attic, then ventilation should be enhanced, since the room will not be heated. In this case, ventilation must function effectively so that moisture does not accumulate here and dampness and mold do not occur, which will eventually appear in the house.

Layered truss systems are distinguished by the fact that they are installed in buildings with internal capital partitions, which become additional supports for floor beams.

In layered systems, the rafters are installed rigidly on the gable wall, on which in advance installed Mauerlat, and their lower edge can be fixed both rigidly and sliding fasteners. Such shed roof structures are mainly covered with brick or stone houses.

For rigidity of the structure, additional spacers are installed. There are several systems for their installation, depending on how much free space should be in the attic, the angle of the slope and the massiveness of the rafters.

The sliding rafter system is mainly used for log cabins, as it avoids deformation of the roof structure if the house shrinks. When constructing this type of roof, the rafters are rigidly fixed on the gable wall, on the Mauerlat, and their lower part is attached to the Mauerlat with exclusively sliding fasteners, which, when the walls of the house vibrate, allow the rafters to take a comfortable position.

Shed roof installation

Having specified V all the necessary nuances, having made calculations, drawing up a drawing of the roof and purchasing required for work materials, you can proceed to the installation of the structure.

To make work easier and safer, the building must be immediately covered with beams attic floor. They are laid on strips of waterproofing made of roofing felt, laid on the walls. The beams are placed at the same distance from each other as the rafters will be installed in the future - it usually ranges from 500 to 800 mm.

Bar prices

On the rear lower wall of the building, along its entire length, a Mauerlat from a massive bar is laid on top of the floor beams.
Further, flooring from boards should be laid on the beams - it will be safe to walk on it and it will be more convenient to continue the construction of the structure.

The next step is the construction of the gable wall, it is built from the same material as the entire building, or from another, lighter one. For example, if the building is built of brick, then the pediment can be raised from bars and boards.
Floor beams, previously covered with waterproofing, are embedded in the wall. The pediment is raised to the height provided in the drawing.
On the gable wall, as well as on the opposite wall, a Mauerlat beam is fixed.
Next, markings are made on the lower wall, and fasteners for installing rafters are screwed.
On the rafters, for their rigid fastening, according to the drawing, grooves are cut out with which they will be put on on Mauerlat on on the top wall and on the bottom, if provided.

Then they are fixed with the help of special corners and fasteners. On the pediment, the rafters are screwed rigidly, while on the lower Mauerlat they can be installed in sliding fasteners, depending on the type of construction chosen.

There is a sequence of cutting rafters: first, the extreme elements of the entire rafter system are installed, then a cord is pulled along them, which will become a level for the rest of the details. Distance betweenrafters must match distance between floor beams.
Installed rafters for stability are connected to floor beams with racks, struts and other elements discussed above. They are fastened with metal brackets and corners, which adds rigidity to the structure.

If it is necessary to extend the rafters beyond the level of the walls, “fillies” are mounted to them

If it was supposed to extend the roof for a terrace or veranda, then remote boards, which are called "fillies", are additionally attached to the rafters.

Video: the process of building a sloped pitched roof

Prices for various types of fasteners for rafters

Fasteners for rafters

After the installation of the truss system is completed, it is necessary to move on to insulation measures, since a shed roof especially needs thermal insulation, even if an ordinary attic is located under the roof.

Suitable for this , descriptions of which can be found on our website by clicking on the link.

The device of the lathing under the roof or the continuous roof sheathing is carried out taking into account the selected roofing material - each of them has its own technology for such work.

Video: solid sheathing of a pitched garage roof with boards

The construction of any roof is a responsible and time-consuming process, and due to work at height, it is also quite dangerous. Therefore, having no experience in the building trade, it is better to entrust the installation to craftsmen who know their job, since an unsuccessfully built foundation for the roof threatens that the walls of the house will also be subject to deformation.

6 main types of truss systems

	Name	Rating
#1		⭐ 100 / 100
#2	Hip rafter system	⭐ 100 / 100
#3		⭐ 100 / 100
#4		⭐ 99 / 100
#5		⭐ 99 / 100
#6		⭐ 98 / 100

Gable truss systems are the most popular for one-story private houses. They look neat, fit well into any style of construction, are reliable and can be used, depending on the angle of their slope, to equip the attic for living rooms, utility rooms, or simply to create an air gap that retains heat in the building.

high reliability;
simplicity of design;
a gable roof with an angle of inclination of more than 50 degrees is practically not afraid of snow drifts; a large snow cap will not form on it.

gables are not provided for buildings with a hipped roof, which greatly reduces the consumption of materials and work for the construction of gables and filing overhangs;
a roof of this type has excellent aerodynamic properties, it is not afraid of strong winds, and the design features will not allow precipitation to enter the attic;
the surface of such a roof warms up sunbeams from several sides at once sunny days a room under an uninsulated roof will be warmer;
the slopes of such a roof are located at a certain angle, which contributes to the removal of rainwater and melting snow from the roof.

a hipped roof is quite difficult to design and build;
the construction of this roof is replete with a large number of connections, beams and rafters, it is necessary to strictly monitor the reliability of all nodes and connections in order to avoid loss of rigidity and shape of the plane during the construction of the roof;
a large waste when using most roofing (especially metal tiles).

Attic truss systems are called broken lines, which are used in cases where it is planned to equip a living space in the attic space, since this design forms the most spacious area of \u200b\u200bfuture rooms. Each of the two slopes of the broken truss system consists of two planes - the top and the side.

additional living space;
an attic is cheaper than building a full-fledged second floor or expanding the perimeter of housing;
appearance of a private house broken roof wins over the classic gable roof.

the inability to create a spacious room in the attic, because the height of the walls is limited by the roof;
heat and waterproofing will be carried out using more complex techniques and using special materials;
skylights increase the requirements for roofing and accumulate more snow on them.

A multi-pitched truss system can be called the most complex of all existing ones, since it often includes different forms roofs - it can be gable and single-pitched, hipped, hip or half-hip in various combinations. A similar option is chosen for houses with a complex internal layout, and they are last years is getting bigger.

reliable, durable and strong design;
due to the large slope of the roof, the risk of stagnation of melt water and precipitation is reduced to zero;
blends perfectly with any architectural form;
the presence of a balanced truss system.

the complexity of the installation work;
the device of a large number of valleys;
high consumption of building and roofing materials;
complex care and maintenance of the structure.

Hip roofs have four slopes, and the gable sides have a triangular gentle shape, and the side slopes of the structure are trapezoidal. It is the triangular slope that is called the hip - it joins the trapezoidal plane at a certain angle.

not subject to deformation;
snow does not linger;
it will perfectly withstand strong winds, for regions where hurricanes and tornadoes are not uncommon - a big plus;
places of cornice overhangs are less subject to destruction.

has a higher cost than a gable;
the design turns out to be complex, usually the construction of a hip roof is entrusted to specialists, and these are again additional costs;
furnish an attic hip roof- the task is difficult, often simply unsolvable.

As you can already understand from the name, this roof has one slope, located under a slope. If the building is small in size and is completely built of brick or concrete, then the rafters of the structure are laid on the front load-bearing high and on the back low wall. If the distance between the facade of the building and the back wall is six meters or more, then retaining posts are installed between the front and back walls.

profitability (almost double savings in sawn and roofing materials compared to a gable roof);
low weight of the roof (makes it possible to erect it on buildings with a lightweight foundation without the use of lifting equipment);
the possibility of arranging a shed roof on large houses;
maintainability (ease of movement on the roof, especially at small angles of inclination);

high dependence on snow loads (requires correct calculations of sections of structural elements during design);
reinforced heat and waterproofing of the roof (important at small angles of inclination);
unsightly appearance, which requires increased attention to quality facade works and the use of modern roofing materials.

Shed roof, according to modern architects, is of the main decisive importance in the development of not only economy class housing, but also stylish. After all, the forces and costs that usually go to the construction of a multi-slope can now be directed to the exterior. For example, building a pool in front of the house or adding a barbecue terrace. And the rest of the shed roof is not inferior at all in anything.

Therefore, it does not mean at all that a house with a pitched roof will turn out to be unsightly or too simple. On the contrary, by playing with the slope and direction of such a design, roofing material and interior space, you will get a unique architectural project, which none of your friends will definitely have. And our website will make such a house inexpensive in construction and modern both inside and out!

Architectural Benefits of Shed Roofs

Of course, where gable roofs have existed for thousands of years, everything unusual seems ugly and ridiculous. But the Eiffel Tower in France in the early years of construction embarrassed the locals with its "simpleness".

The fashion for shed European villas came to the Russian expanses quite recently. And until now, individual architects are rebelling against this trend, calling mono-pitch roofs exclusively "barn" and arguing that clients do not even look at such projects.

But in fact, not only the customers of their future “dream house”, but self-builders with golden hands are increasingly making the roofs of their buildings exactly pitched, with different angles, directions and combinations with other roofs. Because, apart from the more dynamic look that only a sloped plane can give, shed roofs are actually more functional and even economical.

Most often in world practice, shed roofs can be found in Finnish houses, which are known for their pleasant combination of modesty and restraint:

In warm and hot countries, houses with a shed roof are especially popular: no insulation is needed from the inside, the design always looks original, and such a roof is much cheaper in terms of costs. So the northern countries began to adopt this useful fashion.

For example, not so long ago, a new type of residential building was created in Norway - high-tech, with a shed roof with a slope of 19 °. It generates energy on its own solar panels on the roof: the atrium has enough thermal mass to store enough heat during the day and release it all night. And not only to give, but also to provide the whole house with electricity.

And for water heating of walls and floors, rainwater heated by the sun is used, which flows down the shed roof directly into the drain. With a conventional gable or hip roof all this would not be possible to implement!

Is it worth it to make a “one-slope” for a residential building?

Until recently, shed roofs could not be called popular in Russia. It so happened historically that due to the winds and heavy snows in this country, it was gable roofs that proved to be the most practical, which were sharp in snowier regions, and gentler in more windy ones.

And purely visually, the indigenous population is accustomed to seeing roofs with a slope of at least 30-40 ° on houses, where there is a traditional attic for storing a variety of things. And shed roofs carry such inconveniences:

An incomprehensible space at the upper Mauerlat. You don’t use it under the attic, but the attic turns out to be unusual. Leave without an attic - then the whole geometry interior will seem broken and cause discomfort.
On a shed roof, rainwater exerts twice as much pressure as on a gable roof. Why? It's simple: all the liquid that gets on it flows along one slope until it falls to the ground. And if you take and break this slope in half, a “house”, now the water will be divided at the ridge into two streams. And this is twice the amount and influx. This is why shed roofs are problematic in terms of leaks, especially if the choice of roofing material is wrong.
A shed roof is one integral plane, and this is a real sail. That's why during storms and strong winds It is these roofs that suffer the most.
The need for a strong rafter system. The load here is always distributed less than that of a gable roof, and therefore the rafters will have to be made thicker and stronger.
A complicated ventilation system, which is sometimes not paid any attention at all, and then they are surprised at the short service life of such roofs.
Another disadvantage of such a roof is that it will have to be cleaned during heavy snowfalls, otherwise the roofing material and the building system may break. And on ordinary days, on the contrary, the snow itself descends from such a roof, and not like an avalanche, but gradually.
Unpopularity of experiments. Even more: neither the rich nor the poor want to risk their own investments in construction, and the designers completely fall into despair from any unusual roof.

Because of all these reasons, shed roofs in our country in 99% of cases are found only in baths, garages and summer country houses. Although at the same time, in a region with little snow and not very windy, such a roof could bring many bonuses, including the same unusual stylish design.

Frame houses with a pitched roof are considered the most energy-efficient. This does not take into account the fact that the area of the southern wall in such a house will be the largest, and the northern wall - the smallest. Now see the difference with gable projects? Moreover, the northern side itself is still being built without windows, and serves as one of the walls of the utility room: a boiler room, a boiler or a supply room, where garden tools are stored. But the presence of an attic under the roof in private construction is already considered obsolete.

A shed roof is remarkable in that it has:

Simple design. So simple that with a small private construction, they don’t even make particularly accurate calculations for it. There is no need to adjust the slopes to each other, to achieve the identity of their weight and load on the walls. There is no need for complex support systems, which are often found in other types of roofs.
High practicality. In addition to the main functions of the roof, with a minimum angle of inclination, it is also used as an open area for a variety of purposes.
Reliability. Due to its simplicity and unpretentiousness, such a roof is actually also the most reliable among all others.

And from the practical aspects, we highlight the following:

The ability to arrange a house without an attic and the problems associated with it.
The original geometry of the ceiling, which is used as a separate design element.
The absence of a ridge and cracks under it.
The ability to drain rainwater and snow from the roof in only one direction - where the slope is inclined. This is important if people are walking right in front of your house (like on the streets of the city) or if you have laid out a beautiful garden and do not want to flood it in the rain.

And, of course, simplicity construction works:

Know-how: shed roof combinations

There is one new architectural mod: gable roof, which consists of two single-sided, but not connected in the ridge. And technologically, we are still talking about two separate shed roofs, which are built according to all the rules. And in the middle they place either a flat part or an open terrace between the two halves of the house. Incredibly successful and functional solution, note, which allows you to add more natural light to the house.

Shed roof houses are recognized all over the world as the most favorable in terms of energy saving. Which is not surprising, because the cube also takes the first place in this regard, and what then is such a house, if not a cube?

Now we will reveal a secret to you: it's all about compactness. Any structure is said to be compact if it has, as far as possible, the minimum area of all external surfaces. So, a house is sometimes built according to rather intricate projects, when almost every room has three external walls, plus an even more complex roof. And sometimes it happens that the rooms have only one such wall, and the roof is generally shed.

What is the point? The fewer such external surfaces that come into contact with cold outdoor air, the warmer the house itself will be. That's why compactness is so important in construction!

In this design, everything is simple: shed roofs are built according to the same patterns, but are based on two parallel Mauerlat-runs. And the main plus is that such a non-spacer construction does not “push apart” the walls of the house with its pressure, and, therefore, to the very frame structure already much less requirements for strength. True, in such a house there must be at least two internal walls.

And also in modern architecture relatively recently, a new style has appeared: roofs united into a single whole, which have a slope in different directions.

Modern frame house: from the foundation to the roof

A frame house with a shed roof is a structure made of lumber and fixed wood panels. The frame of such a house itself must be built either from metal or from hardwood timber. It is solid, while the rafters on the roof should be made just from conifers. Now let's explain.

The fact is that solid woods tend to keep their geometric shape and not change over time: they do not dry out, do not shrink, do not twist. And, of course, in bending, due to such properties, they work poorly. But conifers are just good because they do an excellent job with dynamic loads, which is why the walls are made static and strong, and the rafters are more flexible and withstand both shrinkage of the house and a slight deflection due to snow.

Although on metal frame wonderful houses are obtained:

Foundation for a frame house

under a small cottage the easiest way to make a columnar foundation. But, if you are building a solid two-story frame house with a shed roof, the technology will be a little different.

The fact is that a simple columnar foundation is no longer suitable here. A frame house, worse than any other, endures seasonal ground movements, subsidence of the earth or other similar problems, and therefore experienced builders are advised to do it for it slab foundation. This one takes all the dynamic loads on itself, and the integrity of the frame is preserved.

Therefore, for two-story house make a base like this:

Or a more modern insulated Swedish stove:

Technologies of frame construction of walls

In total, there are two main technologies for frame construction.

Frame and panel technology

In this case, the frame house is built from different individual building materials: beams, cladding, insulation, interior decoration, steam and waterproofing. All this is attached to the frame in its sequence, and as a result, we have a house that is no worse than a timber building in terms of quality.

Here good example construction using this technology:

And the main components of a house built using this technology look like this:

Frame-panel technology

To assemble such houses, a detailed project is initially made, according to which shields of the required size are already manufactured in the factory. This is about sandwich panels, in which the inner lining, insulation and all types of insulation are already initially included. All you have to do is attach these shields to the frame of your house, which only takes two days in total. As a result, the whole house, from design to roof arrangement, is built in just a week.

So, insulated SIP panels are the most popular in frame-shield technology. SIP is a wall panel designed to carry longitudinal loads. Frame house by Canadian technology, which just involves the use of SIP, turns out to be especially warm and holistic.

And during construction frame house From such a material, the following question arises: should the roof be made from the same material, or is it still traditional? With beams, rafters and lathing? The fact is that everything here is decided by the length of the overlap.

So, with small spans, up to 5-6 meters, the shed roof of a frame house may well be from SIP. It will be already insulated, durable and easy to perform. Moreover, SIP has good bending strength. But for large spans, it is better to build a traditional floor and reinforced rafters. After all, you can’t make SIP out of SIP complicated roof, but just a single-sided one is quite easy:

It is only important to know how to properly connect floor beams with such walls:

Shed roof device on a frame house

A shed roof in the design world is also called a monoslope. Modern architects see a house with such a roof somehow differently than a shed or hip roof: lighter, airier and more stylish.

A shed roof behaves remarkably where spans are from 6 to 8 meters. Usually, the slope of the slope is made to the north, and large windows are equipped in the southern facades. Often, external insulation of such a roof is practiced: on top is extruded polystyrene foam, which is filled with a cement screed, and on top of it is a roofing carpet.

What is also good, the drainage system in such a roof is simplified and is needed only on one side, and not on two or four at once. But this is not necessary: on a slope oriented to the south, solar collectors are often equipped abroad.

Step 1. Design

A shed roof of any format always differs from a gable one in that here the rafters are not connected in the ridge, but are attached to the walls of the building with both ends. Those. there is no skate at all. The only exception is the run on which the layered rafters are attached, but it never exceeds the level of the entire slope in height.

If you are building on frame-panel technology, then it will be easiest for you to create a wall difference:

But if you use sip panels or the walls are already made at the same height, then you will have to make roof trusses.

Slanted rafters in a pitched roof are made when the building has an internal strong partition. After all, the longer the rafter leg, the more there is a danger of its deflection or eversion. And therefore, if it is possible to support such rafters, you need to use it.

In this case, a run is attached to the carrier partition:

Now we make the rafters twice as short - so that each of them rests on the wall with one end, and on the run with the other. And be sure to check laser level the angle of inclination of such rafters - it must completely match. And outwardly, such a roof will not differ from simpler shed roofs.

But in general, the shed roof rafters can be in all of these options:

Although the rafters in the shed roof of a frame house can be generally non-expanding:

Hanging rafters are good because they can be built directly on the ground, in the form of ready-made farms. After all, their main difference from the layered ones is that the load is now transferred to the rafter triangle itself, and not to the walls of the building. And this is quite reasonable, because most often shed roofs are arranged just on small buildings, such as a bathhouse, a garage or a change house. And the walls of those usually do not please with a special fortress.

So decide: if your building is not distinguished by the monumentality of the walls, do hanging rafters, and if more or less strong and there interior walls- then layered. The choice is pretty easy!

Step 2. Mauerlat cutout

Decided? Then specify the future angle of inclination of such a roof and make a template for the rafters:

And the cut itself needs to be made in order to support the rafters of the shed roof on the Mauerlats. The main task of the Mauerlat is to compensate for the horizontal unevenness of the walls. That is why, when laying it, be sure to arm yourself with a building level.

Step 3. Making rafters

For this task, you will need the following fasteners:

And how difficult your rafters will be depends on what load is planned for them. The higher, the rafters should be more reinforced from the inside:

Step 4. Calculation of the crate

As soon as you fix the rafters, go to the crate. The smaller the slope of the shed roof, the more often the crate should be (up to a solid one):

And on steeper slopes - whatever your heart desires, just calculate in advance the weight of the roofing for the whole house and foundation:

It remains only to lay the selected roofing and arrange a spillway. Which, fortunately, in a shed roof is done on one side only:

Step 6 Glazing

Since relatively recently, a new fashion has appeared in frame construction: cleanliness, conciseness and a lot of glass surfaces. What is most easily achieved by frame technology, for which the presence of a shed roof instead of massive and clumsy multi-pitched roofs is a real outlet:

The easiest, according to modern architects, way to bring more light and lightness into a frame house is to make transparent inserts into the roof or completely transmit some part of it. For example, above a covered veranda or part above an attic. And in fact, we are not talking about glass at all, but just about modern roofing polycarbonate, which is more often used monolithic or corrugated. There is a separate article about this on our website, but here we will note only some technical points.

When choosing the thickness of the polycarbonate that you are going to use for the construction of the roof, calculate in advance the climatic and static loads. You have probably seen a photo where beautiful, durable greenhouses have completely broken roofs in the spring? And all because when buying, the owners decided to save on quality, without calculating, such tons of snow fall in harsh Russian winters. You wouldn't want something like that to happen to your roof, would you? After all, replacing the top of an ordinary greenhouse is not difficult, but replacing the roof of a house is a real problem.

You need to fasten profiled polycarbonate sheets to the roof using the same fastening that is used for the metal profile. These are self-tapping and self-drilling screws of the STSD type. The sheets themselves are fastened together with special profiles, which are equipped with EPDM rubber seals. All this is necessary so that such a beautiful roof does not leak. There is also a special connecting aluminum profile for sale - for P-6066 polycarbonate. It consists of a special clamping bar and a sealant, but it already needs to be fixed with self-tapping screws directly to the pipe or crate.

In addition, if you have leftover polycarbonate (after all, standard sheets are produced), use it for glazing utility rooms:

And the excess from another roofing cannot be applied in this way.

A house with a shed roof, built using frame technology with a competent approach, will be the most modern and stylish!