Is it possible to insulate walls with glass wool? Everything about roof insulation from the inside: an overview of the most modern insulation technologies. Wood fiber boards

At the level with the walls, the roof of the house is the leader in heat loss, so it is simply necessary to insulate the roof of the house during construction or during the operation of housing. An insulated roof will keep the temperature in the house and provide comfortable living conditions. To get the desired result, you need to follow some rules and follow the technologies that we will tell you about in the article.

The choice of materials for insulation

The main ones for roof insulation are polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam, mineral wool and glass wool. There are other materials, but they are fundamentally inferior in quality to the proposed materials, so we will not consider them, but consider how to properly insulate the roof of the house with the materials we have proposed.

Styrofoam and expanded polystyrene

Styrofoam and expanded polystyrene are a common insulation that has many qualities. Such material is not only resistant to moisture, does not stray, but also has durability.

To the listed qualities, one must add the fact that, according to statistics, these two materials have the lowest thermal conductivity, therefore, the most the best way protect the house from heat loss. In addition, polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam are quite easy to install, but more on that later.

Mineral wool and glass wool

Mineral wool and glass wool, as well as polystyrene, are excellent insulating materials, but differ in their qualities and specifics of operation. These two materials also have low thermal conductivity, have a much lower weight, unlike foam, which makes them more suitable for insulation. wooden houses with a not very reinforced roof frame.

The negative quality of using mineral wool and glass wool as a roof insulation is that these materials, unlike the first two, are very susceptible to moisture, and therefore require the combined use of waterproofing materials and mastics. In addition, cotton wool tends to stray and exfoliate over time. And dust granules containing cotton wool particles are very strong allergens.

roof insulation technology

So, having decided on the question of how to insulate the roof, we proceed to calculate the required amount of materials. Depending on the design of the roof frame, you may need timber and plank to create sectors in the absence of open roof rafters. The technique of roof insulation, depending on the material chosen, varies.

Roof insulation with mineral wool or glass wool

The first step in using these materials inner surface roof sheathed waterproofing material or mastic, if the surface is solid. This action will help protect the insulation from moisture from the outside. The next step is the construction of sectors, they will be required in the absence of rafters in the roof structure. Insulation material is purchased with a width equal to the width between the rafters or beams of the sectors.

Next, the insulation is placed between the bars on the pre-laid waterproofing and is located as close to each other as possible. When the insulation is laid on top, it must be covered with a vapor barrier material. This action will help protect the insulation wool from moisture from inside the room. After covering with a vapor barrier, the roof from the inside can be sheathed with clapboard or other building materials for cladding rooms, so you should get a room similar to the image in the figure.

Video review: How to insulate the roof

How to insulate a roof detailed instructions by ISOVER

Insulation with expanded polystyrene and polystyrene foam

The technique of insulation with these materials is the same as with glass wool insulation. Styrofoam sheets are stacked in sectors or between rafters. Foam sheets, as in the first case, should be stacked closely. For a better result, you can lay the foam in two layers. After laying polystyrene foam or polystyrene, the surface should be sheathed, as in the first case.

Video review: Roof insulation with polystyrene foam

Roof insulation with polystyrene foam

The roof insulation methods described above are suitable for warming private, suburban and country houses. The roof can be insulated both from the outside and from the inside. Roof insulation techniques vary, but the principle remains the same. In cases where wool is used, primary waterproofing and covering the insulation from above with insulating material will be necessary.

The most important condition comfortable living in your own home at any time of the year and with the lowest possible cost of energy used for heating and air conditioning, you are a reliable And almost all parts of the building should be insulated. The roof is no exception, which, incidentally, is not always remembered by inexperienced novice developers.

If you look at the percentage of heat loss of any building that does not have proper thermal insulation, it is clear that the "lion's share" of them falls on the attic floor and roof. The specificity of this section of the general design of the house imposes special requirements on the materials used for its insulation. Let's try to understand this issue in order to help the reader eliminate possible errors and make right choice. So, what is the best roofing insulation?

The need for roof insulation

First of all, it is necessary to dispel doubts about the need for roof insulation. Let's start with this.

The limited area of ​​​​the site for building a house, and simply the considerations of the most efficient construction at the lowest possible cost, often move the owners to use the attic space usefully. Attic "floors" are very popular in our time, when the attic turns into a full-fledged living space, which does not differ from other rooms in terms of convenience and comfort. Can be placed in the attic utility room, for example, a warm pantry, office or workshop.

It is clear that with this approach to the useful use of the attic space, there are no doubts about the insulation of the roof. Whatever type of roofing is chosen, none of them will provide the required protection against winter cold. And in the sultry summer period the roof slopes heat up in the sun to such an extent that staying in an uninsulated attic becomes not only uncomfortable, but even completely unbearable from the heat. This, too, by the way, should never be discounted - insulation, or rather, thermal insulation of the roof helps to ensure an optimal microclimate in the attic at any time of the year.

And what about those who do not have the conversion of the attic into a useful room in their immediate plans for construction? Maybe limited to only high-quality thermal insulation attic floor?

How is an attic floor insulated?

The ceiling of the room, bordering from above with an unheated and uninsulated attic, becomes not a "bridge", but a whole "main" for heat losses. This is eliminated by the implementation of a whole range of thermal insulation works. - read in a special publication of our portal.

Of course, you can limit yourself to this. But it would be better to listen to the arguments in favor of insulating the roof slopes, even if this is, of course, associated with additional costs:

• All details of the truss system and internal arrangement attic space will be protected from the destructive effects of temperature and humidity changes. Therefore, the durability of the entire roof structure as a whole will increase.

• Energy efficiency increases dramatically if we consider it on the scale of the entire building. That is, the insulation of the roof, even with high-quality thermal insulation of the attic floor, will still make its “mite” in achieving the most comfortable conditions when minimal cost from an external energy source.
• Most modern insulation materials have the ability to effectively absorb sound vibrations. Insulated roof slopes will not become "resonators" in heavy rain or hail. This is especially true for roofing materials, traditionally considered "noisy" - metal or slate.

• Finally, what seems unnecessary or temporarily unfeasible today may turn into an urgent need in the future. It is understood that the prevailing circumstances may lead the owners of the house to the idea of ​​​​the need to expand the usable area due to the attic space. So it’s better to have a warm attic right away than to subsequently do it from scratch, which can often be associated with alteration or replacement individual elements truss systems that have already experienced a long negative impact external factors. Sometimes such work cannot be carried out without temporary removal of the roofing. In a word, it will be much more expensive. So it makes sense to think ahead.

Criteria that a roof insulation must meet

To make the right choice, you need to know the criteria by which this material should be evaluated. There are many of these criteria, and it should be immediately noted that not a single heater fully corresponds to all of them. So you often have to face the choice of which of the advantages to give preference.

So, the "ideal" material for thermal insulation of the roof is one that meets all of the following requirements:

• Of course, thermal insulation qualities should be put in the first position. The material must have low thermal conductivity, that is, create the maximum possible resistance to heat transfer in specific application conditions. This indicator can be estimated by looking at the thermal conductivity coefficient, which is necessarily indicated in the list of thermal insulation characteristics. To insulate the roof, where you can’t really “run up” with the thickness of the insulation and the mass of the thermal insulation structure, they try to use materials with a thermal conductivity coefficient of not more than 0.05 W / m × C °. And the lower this figure, the better.
• In second place in importance can be put the density of the material. Nobody needs unnecessary overloads of the truss system. So the less the insulating layer weighs enough to create comfortable conditions, the better.
• The trouble with many insulating materials is excessively high hygroscopicity, that is, the property of being saturated with moisture literally from the air. And waterlogging always leads to at least a loss of thermal insulation qualities. So, ideally, the insulation should have a minimum moisture absorption, and even better - pronounced hydrophobicity. This is especially important in roof conditions, where moisture is indispensable.
• The insulation material must retain its qualities over a wide temperature range. That is, thermal insulation should “work” equally well both in extreme frosts and at the peak of summer heat.

• The most important qualities of the material, especially used for roof insulation, are indicators fire safety. This applies to resistance to fire, the ability to become a flame spreader, smoke generation, toxicity of combustion products. The ideal material is seen completely non-combustible, but, alas, in this matter for a lot of heaters - far from everything is safe.
• The stability of the material, that is, its durability under real operating conditions. An ideal insulation should not change shape and volume, be resistant to chemical or biological decay, spontaneous or due to external negative impact one type or another.
• The insulation should not serve as a breeding ground for microorganisms, should not be an attractive place for nests of insects, birds, mice. And this, by the way, is also a very difficult problem to solve.
• The thermal insulation material during operation should not pose a danger in terms of the release of fumes harmful to human health and other environmental pollution.
• For those who are going to carry out thermal insulation work on their own, the clarity and simplicity of working with the material is important, which does not require excessive effort, special experience, special equipment.
• Finally, an important criterion for any building material, including for heaters, there was and remains affordability.

As you can see, there are a lot of criteria for assessing the quality of thermal insulation materials. And now we will begin to “try on” them to heaters that are suitable for thermal insulation of a pitched roof.

What is the best roofing insulation?

This post will focus on the most widespread V private construction pitched roof. Flat roofs have their own specifics of thermal insulation, and the materials used for this purpose may be different. So, bulk heaters, special building mortars with special filling, high-density mineral wool slabs and other materials are widely used. This issue requires a separate detailed consideration, so it will be omitted in this article.

And for pitched roofs, where on the insulation itself will not have a significant mechanical effect, they still try to use materials with a small specific gravity. They can be roughly divided into three groups:

• Insulation with fiber structure.
• Rigid heaters with a gas-filled porous structure.
• Sprayed heaters.

These groups are also heterogeneous - materials can vary significantly both in basic composition and in performance.

Insulating materials with a fiber structure

This group of materials has one thing in common - all of them are an interweaving of thin fibers, due to which a layer of immobilized air enclosed in them is created. And this, in turn, becomes a thermal insulation layer. And here source materials for the production of fibers can have serious differences, up to their "nature" - mineral or organic. The first includes all varieties of mineral wool, the second subcategory - cellulose-based ecowool.

Mineral wool

For thermal insulation of building structures in residential buildings, two types of mineral wool are used. In the first of them, the fibers are formed from a melt of quartz glass, in the second, the raw materials for production are rocks of the basalt group. Hence the names - glass wool and stone (basalt) wool.

There is another type of mineral wool - it is made from waste from metallurgical enterprises, slag. But in residential construction, it has not received distribution, since it loses both in insulating qualities and in durability. Yes and in terms of environmental safety She, too, is not all right. In a word, to detain your attention on it - there is not much point.

Mineral wool prices

mineral wool

But you should take a closer look at glass wool and basalt wool.

Mineral wool based on glass fibers

For the production of glass wool, glass cullet and purified quartz sand are used as raw materials. After melting the mass in furnaces, thin fibers are drawn out of it using a special technology, which are then pressed into "carpets" using binder additives. At the final stage of production, cutting into blocks or mats of the sizes established by the standard is carried out.

The production process has been worked out for a long time, there is no shortage of raw materials either, and therefore the cost of glass wool is quite affordable, which predetermines its wide popularity. The inlet form is blocks (plates), mats in rolls, and recently, easy-to-install plates in rolls have also been practiced.

TO dignity m of glass wool include the following:

- The specific gravity of the insulation is small, and therefore its laying does not require much physical effort, and the thermal insulation system does not exert a significant load on the roof structure.

- Blocks or mats of glass wool have good elasticity. That is, they can be laid in spaces that are somewhat smaller in size - after straightening they fit quite tightly both to each other and to the enclosing elements (in this case, most often to the rafter legs).

“The same quality allows you to significantly reduce the volume of material when it is packed on the production line. This property allows to reduce the overhead costs for the transportation of insulation. And after unpacking, blocks or mats, expanding, take on the specified dimensions.

- The material is flexible, that is, it can be used without additional cutting into smaller fragments for thermal insulation of complex, for example, curved or broken sections.

At the same time, glass wool also has certain flaws which should never be forgotten:

- Such a heater has a fairly high hygroscopicity. Therefore, when using it, special attention is paid to the creation of a reliable vapor barrier from the side of the attic, and to the possibility of free evaporation of moisture from the side of the roof. Otherwise, the insulation will quickly become damp and lose all its thermal insulation qualities.

— Glass fibers are characterized by rather high brittleness. This means that vibrating effects are completely contraindicated for glass wool. Small broken fiber particles become a serious irritant for the skin, eyes and mucous membranes of the respiratory system, that is, thermal insulation work should be carried out in compliance with special protective measures. Measures should be considered to completely exclude the possibility of these particles entering the atmosphere of the residential area of ​​the house during operation, as they cause allergic reactions.

- The emission of formaldehydes, which are part of the binders, is also one of the disadvantages of the material. But this is more typical of cheap heaters of unknown brands (or even those that do not have any trademark at all - this happens too!) Leading manufacturers are trying to nullify emission indicators, and many modern types glass wool is approved for use not only in residential and public buildings, but even in educational and medical institutions.

A few more words can be added about the “branding” of glass wool. The fact is that the construction market is filled with inexpensive materials of highly dubious origin. In the production of such glass wool, either outdated technologies are used, or the process of technological control is completely absent. Such mats are characterized by high fragility of fibers and strong shrinkage, and glass wool can turn into dust in just a few years. Naturally, there can be no talk of any quality of thermal insulation of the roof here. So the pursuit of cheapness often results in considerable additional costs.

If a decision has already been made to use glass wool for roof insulation, then you should pay attention to quality products, for example, Ursa or Isover companies.

For example, let's take a closer look at the insulation from the line « UrsaGeo». Suitable for roof insulation "A private house", "M -11" And "Pitched Roof", whose name speaks for itself.

The basis of all these materials is fiberglass with the addition of special mineral components that reduce the disadvantages characteristic of glass wool. Products of this series are considered completely safe for both humans and the environment.

Ursa products are characterized by a number of special advantages:

— The material belongs to the group completely non-combustible heaters. Not only does the insulation not ignite itself - it can become a barrier to the spread of flame.

- The company's technologists managed to reduce the emission of binder organic compounds to such a low level that it can be ignored altogether - it does not affect the cleanliness of indoor air in any way.

“Thanks to special mineral additives, which are the technological secret of the company, glass fibers have received additional elasticity, that is, it has been possible to reduce their characteristic fragility.

— In many types of thermal insulation "Ursa Geo", in particular, in the "Pitched Roof", an interesting technology "URSA Spannfilz" is used. Literally, this expression can be translated as "elastic felt." The special structure of the fiber plate gives it increased elasticity, and the insulation blocks fit very well between the rafters, which allows you to do without even additional fastening. A tight fit eliminates the formation of voids, unfilled insulation.

- Heaters are produced in a form that is very convenient for laying. For example, the material "Pitched roof" is a slab in a roll, which greatly simplifies cutting to the desired size, if necessary.

– The manufacturer guarantees a long term of properly laid thermal insulation without losing its insulating qualities, without shrinkage and destructuring- at least 50 years old.

The main characteristics of fiberglass insulation of the Ursa Geo line, which are excellent for thermal insulation of a pitched roof, are shown in the table.

	A private house	M-11	pitched roof
Thermal conductivity coefficient, W/m×°С	0,045	0,044	0,040
Vapor permeability, mg/m×h×Pa	0,65	0,64	0,64
Fire class	KM0	KM0	KM0
Flammability group	NG	NG	NG
Operating temperature range, °С	60÷+220	60÷+220	60÷+220
Water absorption for 24 hours, kg/m², no more	1	1	1
Release form	mats in a roll	mats in a roll	slabs in a roll
Dimensional parameters, mm
- length	8350	7000; 9000; 10000	3900; 3000
- width	1200	1200	1200
- thickness	50	50; 10	150;200
approximate cost	1100 rub/m³	roll 1200×10000×50 mm - 1220 rubles	980 rub. with a thickness of 150 mm; 1070 rub. with a thickness of 200 mm.

Mineral wool based on basalt

Fibers obtained from the melt of rocks gabbro-basalt groups have a number of advantages over glass ones. They become thinner and longer, they have more pronounced elasticity, much less fragility. All this gives mineral wool on this basis higher performance. All the advantages inherent in glass wool are also characteristic of basalt, and there are, in addition, a number of advantages.

Prices for basalt wool

basalt wool

It is even visually noticeable that high-quality basalt wool has a pronouncedly homogeneous structure, it is given clear geometric shapes. It is much easier to work with such a heater - it is certainly not worth neglecting the means of protecting the skin and respiratory organs, but it does not cause such strong irritation as glass wool.

Better with basalt wool and with hygroscopicity - a special treatment dramatically reduces moisture absorption, and products from some manufacturers even have properties close to hydrophobicity. But this still does not give reason to refuse vapor barrier. Vapor permeability is at a height, that is, when the right conditions are created, even moisture that accidentally penetrates into the material will easily evaporate through the ventilation gaps of the roofing pie.

Products of well-known brands are doing well with formaldehyde emission indicators - heaters have sanitary certificates with permission for safe use in any residential premises. By the way, it will never be out of place to check the availability of a copy of such a certificate when purchasing any insulation material.

Basalt wool slabs are extremely easy to install - both due to the exact "geometry" and due to the pronounced elasticity. And besides, manufacturers provide other "chips". So, for example, ROCKWOOL LIGHT BATTS SCANDIC boards, popular with builders, have an edge “spring-loaded” using a special technology, which ensures their accurate and reliable fixation at the installation site - between rafters, beams,

Perfect solution for roof insulation - ROCKWOOL LIGHT BATTS SCANDIC boards with a springy edge zone, which makes installation simple and very reliable

There are few significant shortcomings in basalt wool (if we are talking about really high-quality products of well-known brands). Perhaps, only the higher cost of the material can be attributed here.

The range of basalt heaters is quite wide. Along with the "heavyweights" in this area of ​​\u200b\u200bproduction - the companies "ROCKWOOL", "PAROC", "TechnoNIKOL", quite worthy products are offered by the companies "Basvul", "Isobel", "Izovol" and others. Before purchasing, it makes sense to get to know the brand you like better - trustworthy companies always have informative Internet portals, and a network of representative offices is organized on the territory of Russia.

As an example, to get acquainted with the physical and operational characteristics, you can take the already mentioned above insulation " ROCKWOOL LIGHT BATTS". By the way, another of its advantages is that during packaging in production it is compressed more than twice due to vacuum technology. But when the packaging is removed, the plates take on the specified dimensions without any loss of their performance.

Name of the main operational parameters of the material	Indicators
Thermal conductivity coefficient (W/m×°С):	0,039
Specific Gravity (kg/m³)	30
Flammability group	NG
Fire safety class	KM0
Vapor permeability (mg/(m×h×Pa), not less than	0.03
Moisture absorption at partial immersion	no more than 1kg/m²
Dimensions	800×600mm (XL boards - 1200×600 mm)
thickness	50 or 100 mm (XL boards - 100 and 150 mm)
approximate cost	- with a thickness of 50 mm - 145 rubles / m² - 100 mm - 285 rubles/m² - 150 mm - 430 rub/m²

The service life of such thermal insulation is estimated at at least 50 years.

Fiber insulation on an organic basis - ecowool

This insulation appeared in wide use not so long ago, and is even unknown to many. And meanwhile - it shows very good thermal insulation qualities.

The basis for the manufacture of ecowool are ordinary cellulose fibers obtained from woodworking waste, paper and other scrap raw materials. The total content of cellulose in the composition of this insulation reaches 80 ÷ 85 percent. The rest is additives that ensure the biological stability of the material ( boric acid) and special flame retardants that increase the resistance of cellulose to fire.

The thermal performance of ecowool is very decent: the thermal conductivity is approximately in the range from 0.038 to 0.043 W / m × ° WITH, that is, it is quite comparable with mineral wool.

The material is famous for its ecological cleanliness (hence its name), and antiseptic treatment reliably protects it from debate and decay, from damage by pathogenic microflora. Rodents and insects do not make nests in ecowool.

According to the degree of combustibility, the material belongs to the group G 2 - low combustible, self-extinguishing. Combustion products do not contain toxic substances, which is typical, for example, of synthetic heaters.

Ecowool is quite hygroscopic, so the issues of reliable hydro and vapor barrier will have to be thought through unequivocally. But due to the capillary structure of natural fibers, moisture also easily evaporates from the material without violating its qualities. Interestingly, in this way, an ecowool insulation stand is able to “automatically” maintain an optimal humidity balance in the room.

Ecowool prices

Ecowool is laid using "dry" and "wet" technologies. But applying the “wet” method, that is, by spraying, is not particularly justified on roof slopes that have a negative slope from the attic side - there will be too much waste. Therefore, most often this insulation is blown into cavities that are created using vapor barrier membranes or the inner lining of the attic.

Insulation of the roof slopes with ecowool - the material is blown into the created cavities using a special installation

The density of the insulation layer, depending on the application method, ranges from 40 to 75 kg / m³.

TO shortcomings similar insulation can be attributed to the following:

- Even the "dry method" of laying ecowool (with the exception of floor insulation) requires a special installation. In addition, well-developed skills are needed for the quality performance of such work.

- The process of laying ecowool - in any case, it turns out to be very dusty. It is impossible to start it without personal protective equipment.

The cost of ecowool ranges from 20 to 35 rubles per kilogram. She usually does for sale in sealed plastic bags, packaged in 15 or 20 kilograms.

It seems to be not so much. But if you look at the price lists for the services of manufacturers or distributors of such a heater, you can see that you still have to pay about the same amount for installation. And without special equipment - it is extremely difficult to do this. This, perhaps, is the most important "minus" of such thermal insulation.

Sprayed heaters

One of the most effective ways to insulate a roof is to spray foam insulation on the back of the roof slopes. With this approach, the thermal insulation layer becomes almost seamless, that is, without leaving cold bridges.

There are several types of such materials. But polyurethane foam is closest to “ideal” in terms of all criteria for the quality of thermal insulation.

Perhaps the most reliable and effective method thermal insulation of a pitched roof - polyurethane foam spraying

The coefficient of thermal conductivity of PPU is very low, estimated at less than 0.03 W/m×°C. The material shows excellent adhesion to almost all surfaces. The closed cell makes the insulation layer vapor-tight, that is, in some cases, you can do without additional costs for vapor barrier.

However, all the advantages of the material are also combined with a rather high price for it. Moreover, polyurethane foam is synthesized directly at the place of work from two initial components, for which special installations are used. That is, "lovers of independent creativity", one way or another, will have to resort to calling the brigade. And it also costs a lot of money.

There is, however, a caveat - disposable mini-installations for spraying PPU have recently appeared in hardware stores. However, the price for them is not lower than the cost of professional services.

If you look at the prices of construction companies in the Central region of Russia, then the cost of spraying polyurethane foam 100 mm thick on an area of ​​1 m² ranges from 1100 to 1400 rubles, depending on the manufacturer of the initial components. Agree, very expensive.

You can talk about polyurethane foam for a long time and a lot, but we confine ourselves to the above brief information. The fact is that on our portal a special publication has been given to this type of insulation. By the way, it also talks about another type of foamed insulation - foam insulation, which can also be used for thermal insulation of roofs.

Prices for polyurethane foam

polyurethane foam

Special thermal insulation technology - foamed insulation

These differ from all other insulating materials, first of all, by a special application technology. Read about the advantages and disadvantages and the features of working with them in a special article of our portal.

Rigid insulation boards on a synthetic base

Polystyrene based materials

This group of heaters includes the familiar white foam and extruded polystyrene foam. Despite the relatedness chemical composition, the difference in the performance of these materials is very large.

• Let's start with foam. And here we will immediately express a categorical judgment, with which, perhaps, some will not agree. Nevertheless, it is highly undesirable to use polystyrene for thermal insulation of roof slopes.

No words - the foam captivates with a low price, quite worthy thermal insulation characteristics, lightness, ease of installation. What more could you want?

But let's take a closer look at its shortcomings:

- The production of foam plastic is a fairly simple process that does not require highly sophisticated equipment. And they do this business everywhere, very often without observing any technical requirements. So talking about some quality standards is just ridiculous.

- The main disadvantage of polystyrene is its combustibility. And this material not only spreads the flame very well, but also emits deadly toxic substances during combustion. Literally a few breaths - and a person receives a powerful poisoning, leading to the most sad consequences. The statistics of tragedies in a fire show that when polystyrene foam ignites, people have little chance of surviving even with a not very big fire. Is it worth planting such a "bomb" on such a vulnerable fire hazard section of the building, how is the roof?

Prices for PIR boards

The main component of such boards is polyisocyanurate foam (PIR for short). It is a gas-filled rigid structure with isolated cells.

Due to the special production technology and the specifics of the polymer itself, insulation boards are still considered unsurpassed for their thermal insulation properties. So, the manufacturer claims an absolutely fantastic thermal conductivity of 0.022 W / m × ° WITH! In fact, in real conditions, it can, of course, be more, but even 0.025 is a very good indicator.

The material is characterized by high mechanical strength - up to 120 kPa at 10% deformation. At the same time, the density of the plates does not go beyond 40 kg / m³

Wide temperature range of operation: from - 70 to + 110 ° С.

Almost complete hydrophobicity - a closed cell does not allow moisture to penetrate inside.

PIR-plates can be covered with foil, which gives them additional slickness from moisture. Other types of coatings are also practiced.

Many models of plates have convenient tongue-and-groove interlock connections, allowing you to cover large areas with a seamless coating.

One of the "pioneers" in the production of such thermal insulation was the Russian company TechnoNIKOL. In its product range - plates for insulation of any parts of the building, including - for the roof. At the same time, the company also offers ready-made solutions - sets of materials for thermal insulation of the roof between the rafters, under them and above them - at the choice of the consumer.

Standard sizes water - 600 × 1200 mm. The thickness is chosen according to the needs - in the assortment of a number of plates with a thickness of 25 to 150 mm.

There is no doubt that such thermal insulation materials have a great future. But so far they have not received wide distribution - simply because of the high cost. So, depending on the specific type, on the type of external coating and on the thickness of the plates, the price for them varies from 11 to 15 thousand rubles per cubic meter.

TechnoNIKOL is not the only company that has mastered the production of these innovative materials. Watch a video about the insulation of a pitched roof with PIR boards from the company " Pirro Group.

Video: Insulation of roof slopes with innovative thermal insulation - PIR-plates "PirroGroup"

Appendix: How to determine how much insulation is required?

If there is certainty with the choice of insulation, then the question will inevitably arise - what thickness of thermal insulation should be made in order to ensure comfortable conditions in the attic. You will need to make a small calculation, and a convenient online calculator will help us with this.

The calculation is not particularly difficult. The algorithm is based on the fact that the thermal insulation system being created should create a total resistance to heat transfer not less than that established by the standards for a particular region, taking into account its climatic features. You can find out the normalized thermal resistance from the attached map-scheme. Pay attention - in this case we are interested in red numbers - for coatings. This indicator in the "troika" is always the largest.

The second value required for the calculation is the thermal conductivity of the insulation material. The calculator database has already entered the operational values ​​of these coefficients for heaters, about which discussed in this publication.

If desired, you can also take into account the sheathing of the attic, if it is solid. The materials of such sheathing also have certain thermal insulation qualities. And this can give, although not very large, but still a decrease in the required thickness of the insulation. However, this item is optional, and if the skin is not taken into account, just leave the default value of its thickness - 0 mm.

The final result will be shown in millimeters. It remains only to bring it to the standard thicknesses of the selected insulation, rounded up. For example, it turned out 132 mm. You can apply two-layer insulation with 100 and 40 mm thick slabs, or use 150 mm thick slabs. Here you can choose for reasons of economy of one or another possible option and according to the planned scheme of installation of insulation.

When making a choice, the better to insulate the roof of a private household, it is necessary to take into account not only the cost of building materials, its technical characteristics, but also the nuances of carrying out installation work. You can lay the heat insulator yourself, but in some cases it is better to use the services of experienced roofers.

Rules for choosing a heater - the better to insulate

When choosing a heat-insulating material, first of all, pay attention to the type of roof, which can be pitched or flat. Features of the roof structure affect the requirements for insulation.

When choosing it, a number of parameters are analyzed:

• thermal conductivity - the lower its indicator, the more effective the insulation will be;
• long service life without loss of quality;
• moisture resistance;
• the ability to maintain the original parameters;
• environmental friendliness - the insulation does not contain toxic substances;
• frost resistance - in case of a drop temperature regime the thermal insulation material should not deteriorate performance properties;
• specific gravity- preference should be given to heaters with low density, which will not weigh down roof frame;
• fire resistance;
• soundproofing has great importance when arranging "noisy" roofing, for example, from metal tiles.

When deciding on the question of how to insulate the roof of a private house, it is not advisable to make mistakes that affect the quality of thermal insulation work:

1. Saving money on quality. Experts recommend purchasing insulation from manufacturers who have long proven themselves well.
2. Laying a layer of insulation of insufficient thickness.
3. Violation of the technology of installation work.

All materials used for thermal insulation of roofs in private households are divided into several groups:

• in the form of plates;
• roll;
• sprayed;
• bulk.

Mineral wool for the roof of a private house

When choosing how to insulate the roof from the inside of a private house, many prefer mineral wool. It is used in the arrangement of insulation of flat and pitched roofs. This material with a fibrous structure is produced from rock melts. In the building materials market, mineral wool is sold in the form of mats (plates) and rolled products. When making a choice, one should take into account its thickness and density.

Among the advantages of mineral wool:

• high degree of thermal insulation;
• incombustibility;
• ecological cleanliness;
• parameter stability;
• easy installation;
• affordable price;
• soundproofing;
• absence of rodents and microorganisms.

Sufficiently rigid mineral fiber boards are used for external insulation of a flat roof structure. Mineral wool with a smaller thickness and density is used to insulate pitched roofs.

Insulation using this material requires the arrangement of hydro-, vapor barrier and ventilation gaps. These layers prevent moisture from collecting in the insulation. Otherwise, the heat-insulating qualities of mineral wool are reduced, and in rafter system decay processes begin.

glass wool

It is sold on the construction market in rolls and in the form of plates. This is an environmentally friendly insulation with good soundproofing qualities. When installing a heat-insulating layer using glass wool, roofers use protective clothing and special equipment and follow safety precautions so as not to harm their health.

Before insulating the roof in a private house with mineral wool, you need to select a vapor barrier material, and at the same time, glass wool slabs may already have a foil coating on the outside - its presence simplifies the installation of a heat-insulating layer.

Roof insulation with foam

This popular tile material is also called extruded polystyrene foam. It is used to insulate roofs. It is distinguished by high rates of thermal insulation, resistant to humid air.

Since the material does not absorb vapours, it can be laid directly on the waterproofing layer without creating an air gap. The combustibility and vapor impermeability of expanded polystyrene makes it unsuitable for arranging an insulated flat soft roof.

When insulating a pitched roof, tile foam is placed between the rafters in one layer. In this case, the edges of the material should be tightly adjacent to wooden structures. Also, the joints of the plates need to be processed mounting foam and then glue reinforced tape on top.

How to insulate with polyurethane foam

The material is known among experts as a good choice for warming the roof of a private house, since it has a number of advantages:

• low specific gravity;
• waterproofing properties due to the presence of a clogged cell structure;
• soundproofing qualities;
• low degree of thermal conductivity;
• biostability.

Polyurethane foam is produced in the form of plates with sufficient rigidity. It can also be applied by spraying. During operation, PPU boards retain their shape, they are easy to drill and cut. The products are mounted in the same way as they equip the thermal insulation of the roof using expanded polystyrene.

Despite the fact that polyurethane foam spraying is a recent technology, it has deservedly received recognition. The application of a heat-insulating layer is carried out using equipment, which is considered the main disadvantage of this method. Of the advantages of the sprayed polyurethane foam, it should be noted the high quality of the heat-insulating layer, since the coating turns out to be monolithic - the foaming composition fills all the cracks without exception.

Penoizol

The technology for insulating the roof of a private household using penoizol has much in common with the use of another material - sprayed polyurethane foam. By technical specifications it is similar to styrofoam. Its advantages include the combination affordable price and good quality.

When looking for a solution, the cheaper it is to insulate the roof, it is penoizol that can be called such a material. Its price is less than that of extruded polystyrene foam, mineral wool, basalt slabs. This polymer material completely safe for human health.

Foaming equipment is used for spraying penoizol. It is necessary to bring the hose closer to the place of arrangement of insulation and fill the gap with foam. After hardening, the thermofoam will not have a harmful effect and will not weigh down the structure. Penoizol differs from sprayed polystyrene foam by a high degree of moisture absorption (almost 5%), therefore it is necessary to lay a vapor barrier layer.

foam concrete

This material is used when it is necessary to solve the problem of how to insulate the roof of a private house with a flat roof.

Foam concrete is made from:

• cement;
• concrete;
• sand;
• means for the formation of pores.

The use of foam material leads to the creation of a strong and durable roof insulation. Since foam concrete has a low density, it does not exert high loads on the supporting frame and retains heat well.

Advantages of foam concrete:

• environmental friendliness;
• vapor permeability;
• fire safety.

For laying foam concrete, a special mobile installation is used. As a result, the insulation layer should be 3-15 centimeters.

Expanded clay

They are used in the arrangement of flat slopes. Expanded clay refers to the bulk type of insulation. It is placed either on floor slabs or on the outer surface of the roof. The heat insulator is compacted and covered with a screed, while the required slope of the slope should be observed in order to ensure the removal of atmospheric precipitation.

When using expanded clay, loads are significantly increased both on the foundation of the building and on roof structures. This nuance should be taken into account when drawing up project documentation for a private house. The quality of such thermal insulation depends on compliance with the insulation technology.

foamed glass

Refers to environmentally friendly materials for warming the roof of the house. It has high thermal insulation performance. It is produced by foaming the glass mass with carbon.

As a result, foamed glass is resistant to deformation processes, moisture and steam, it is durable and non-combustible. This insulation is used for arranging thermal insulation on all types of roofs, regardless of what materials they are built from. When installing foamed glass, polymer acetate glue is used to ensure a high degree of adhesion.

The use of this insulation gives the soft roofing elasticity and allows it to be leveled. This is one of the best options thermal insulation flat roofs that are planned to be used.

Ecowool

For the manufacture of such insulation as ecowool, waste paper is used. This heat insulator is environmentally friendly with excellent sound and heat insulating properties. But, as you know, cellulose is a combustible material and rodents and microorganisms can damage it. For this reason, ecowool is treated with bioprotective compounds and flame retardants.

This material is lightweight and inexpensive. But the arrangement of the thermal insulation of the roof needs a special approach when it is required to mount ecowool between the rafters. Closed “boxes” are made of tiled materials, then a heater is blown into them, filling the gaps completely with it.

Of the shortcomings of the heat insulator, it should be noted the need to prepare for installation and use special equipment.

sawdust

Long before the advent of modern thermal insulation materials, sawdust, which is woodworking waste, was especially popular when it was necessary to insulate the roof of one's own house. They are environmentally friendly, hypoallergenic, but flammable, which must be taken into account when choosing an insulation option. In addition, rodents like to live in them, and sawdust is also subject to the process of decay.

This bulk material is not insulated roof structure, but only ceiling. Ecowool can be used in the same way. Laying sawdust in an even layer, in own houses qualitatively insulate the ceilings of residential premises.

In order to enhance the thermal insulation performance, sawdust is mixed with clay and the attic floor is treated. Their use is possible only on condition that the attic space will not be used.

The right choice of insulation and high-quality arrangement of the roofing cake allows you to provide a favorable microclimate for its residents throughout the year in private households, and save on heating in winter.

To cold winter the apartment was comfortable, in early autumn you need to take care of the insulation of the walls. As a rule, experienced people prefer to insulate houses from the outside. This is a very costly and labor intensive process. We suggest you approach the problem from a different angle. Warming the walls of the apartment inside - that's what you need to do before the onset of cold weather.

The disadvantages of the method

The most important rule of thermal insulation of any building is that the increase in the vapor permeability of the layers should go from inside the room to the outside. In this regard, the vapor barrier layer from the inside of the house, as practice shows, is almost always in a slightly moistened state. If there is no ventilation inside the room (and this, you see, happens often), you are guaranteed the appearance of condensate on the vapor barrier layer, as well as on the insulation itself. As a result - the reproduction of fungi and mold on finishing materials. Moreover, no matter how much cosmetic repairs you carry out, nothing will change for the better. This is especially true of panel buildings, which are more often prone to fungi than brick ones.

The load-bearing (main) wall of the building (if we are insulating the walls of the apartment inside) will not be protected from the external environment. And this means that rain, snow, and wind will have their effect. And that's not to mention constant temperature fluctuations. Thus, the insulation of the walls of the apartment from the inside will result in the fact that the wall will become less durable. No, of course, tomorrow your house will not collapse, but cracks will appear over time.

By insulating the walls from the inside, you deprive yourself of extra living space. The thicker the insulation, the larger the area it will occupy. But you could sit on it.

Finally, the most important thing. It seems to you that insulating the house from the inside is a very simple option. Yes, in fact it is, even a beginner in the construction field can handle this. The question is how much will it all cost. The method is costly. It is not enough to glue the walls with insulation. It is also necessary to provide relatively comfortable living conditions. So, for one only installation of internal ventilation (you remember that this is necessary to protect the house from mold) will have to spend a tidy sum.

Warming rules

So, starting the insulation of the house, first of all, we install the supporting frame, on which the insulation will be located, and then the finish. It can be made both from wooden bars and from galvanized profiles, which are used for the installation of drywall. As for the pitch of the frame racks, it is chosen taking into account the parameters of the width of the insulation. Necessary condition is that the insulation is included in the spacer, which is created between the racks of the frame. Thus, you get rid of the need to install an additional mount. As a rule, the distance between the uprights is from five hundred to a thousand millimeters. So, the frame is installed. Next, install the insulation boards in the spacer. We put a special vapor barrier film on top of the insulation. If you do not want to face a sharp temperature drop, then where the layers of the vapor barrier film are joined to each other, carefully glue the seams. Thus, you will ensure that the steam from the inside will not moisten the insulation layer.

Now you need to create an additional frame. This is necessary so that an air gap appears between the vapor barrier and the interior finish. The goal of all these actions is still the same - to avoid wetting the interior finish. Done? Great! Let's move on to the interior decoration. What it will be, you decide.

Which heater to choose

The choice of thermal insulation materials directly depends on what the wall of the building is built from. Let's say you have to insulate a brick, wooden house or a building made of foam concrete. In this case, we recommend using a basalt insulation with a not very high density. These include heaters Rockwool Light Butts, Techno Light or Linerock Light.

glass wool insulation

Pretty good results are obtained by those who decide to insulate the walls of the apartment from glass wool (for example, Ursa, Isover or Knauf insulation). By the way, these heat-insulating materials can be both in slabs and in rolls. When buying insulation, pay attention to the fact that it must be suitable for use in vertical structures. There is another important point when working with glass wool insulation. Due to the fact that this type of insulation has much higher water absorption than basalt, it is necessary to make a good vapor barrier.

Styrofoam insulation

Another type is foam insulation. Also a good material, if not for one but. It does not have a soundproofing effect at all, while basalt insulation and glass wool insulation are adapted for this. Agree, it is not very pleasant when noises from the street will be heard in your apartment.

If you live in panel house, then extruded polystyrene foam is ideal for you. It almost does not absorb moisture, but it itself is an excellent vapor barrier. But it also has its drawback - flammability. In addition, its price is not always acceptable for the wallet of the average Russian. But extruded polystyrene foam will once and for all relieve you of the fear of losing interior decoration due to mold or fungus.

The process has its supporters and ardent opponents. In their own truth, both those and others, it all depends on the situation. But before choosing this particular type of insulation, you need to know which insulation is suitable, to study the nuances of performing insulation work.

To insulate the walls inside the room is to make your home comfortable and cozy for living. This type of heat saving is unconventional, usually used. But there are situations when there is no other way out.

This option can also be considered apartment building when the insulation internal walls the only way to insulate the room. This process will help eliminate the formation of fungus in the room.

Cons of internal insulation

This method has its drawbacks, so it has many opponents.

Problems with internal thermal insulation of walls arise as follows:

• with external thermal insulation, the walls of the building are protected from the cold, which cannot be achieved with insulation from the inside. The base is in contact with the environment, cracks may appear on it;
• the occurrence of condensation. With internal heat saving, moves beyond load-bearing structure and is formed between the insulator and the surface. The result may be the development of fungal formations that will be difficult to notice;
• area reduction. Modern heat insulators have excellent characteristics, but have not yet come up with a material that would take up little space. At the moment, with insulation work, the room will become smaller by 10 cm on each side.

Before deciding on internal insulation, it is worth weighing all the shortcomings, and considering the advantages, only in this way it will be possible to avoid errors and shortcomings during installation.

Thermal insulation materials

This technology allows the use of various thermal insulation materials for walls, which have pros and cons.

The most popular heat insulators:

• wood fiber board;
• ecowool;
• glass wool.

These insulators are commercially available everywhere, and are inexpensive. We will analyze the characteristics of each type of insulators that can be used as insulation from the inside.

Penoplex and polystyrene

A productive and affordable heat insulator, which is used very often in the insulation of apartments, in high-rise buildings. It is enough to take a plate with a thickness of 5 cm. No special tools are needed, and installation is not difficult.

But this material has disadvantages:

• combustibility;
• low strength;
• vapor tightness - if you do not make working ventilation in the apartment, otherwise it will turn into a greenhouse.

Ventilation must be equipped with forced ventilation - this may require additional costs.

This option of thermal insulation is suitable only for concrete, brick, foam block structures, since wood covered with this heat-insulating material loses its ability to "breathe".

Mineral wool

A very common thermal insulator. It is widely used in apartments and industrial buildings, in addition, it is used as a filler in plasterboard partitions, as it has excellent soundproofing properties.

Mineral wool is inexpensive, has excellent vapor barrier. For an apartment or house, it is better to purchase rigid basalt wool slabs, they are easy to install. Another plus of the material is incombustibility.

But it is worth using this material with great care if the walls in the apartment become damp, the basalt wool is hygroscopic, and when wet it completely loses its insulating properties. Therefore, before laying it on the walls, it is necessary to equip the waterproofing layer, and before finishing the lining, pull the vapor barrier.

For waterproofing works, it is better to use membranes, they have vapor permeability and will not interfere with the “breathing” of external walls.

Wood fiber boards

This material has a number of positive characteristics:

• good heat saving and sound insulation;
• not afraid of temperature changes;
• moisture resistant;
• easy to handle and install;
• it does not breed rodents.

This material is often used for exterior finish, it is treated with special impregnations that can harm human health.

Foil insulation

Technological processes do not stand still, therefore, innovative developments in the field of insulation and construction are constantly appearing on the market. Such a novelty is a foil heat insulator.

The material is a layer of foamed polyester, on which a layer of thin aluminum foil is glued. The property of this material is that heat is reflected from the foil layer and directed inside the house.

Many manufacturers produce polyester with a self-adhesive layer, so it is very convenient to work with this material, it is enough to carefully prepare the surface and stick insulation on the wall.

Ecowool

The material, which appeared on the market quite recently, but immediately gained popularity among the townsfolk, thanks to a lot of advantages:

• naturalness and safety. The heat insulator is produced by processing secondary cellulose, therefore it is non-toxic;
• excellent indicators of thermal insulation;
• air impermeability;
• fine fiber structure;
• durability;
• does not shrink.

But, despite the positive characteristics, the material has several significant disadvantages that prevent its widespread use:

• the impossibility of doing the installation by hand. The material is applied by wet spraying using special equipment. For insulation, you will have to invite specialists;
• with vertical spraying, the laying of the material must be carried out in stages, since there is a possibility of the layer slipping;
• combustibility;
• the period of solidification of the mass is 24 hours, subject to good ventilation;
• price;
• the need to equip the frame.

The internal thermal insulation of the walls with the help of ecowool is carried out strictly on a wooden crate, the step of which can vary from 60 cm to 1 meter. The frame is constructed so that during spraying the material does not slip from a vertical surface.

glass wool

This heat insulator has been used in construction for a very long time. The main component of this material is fiberglass.

The use of glass wool is due to the following characteristics:

• high soundproof qualities;
• flexibility - due to its structure, glass wool can take any shape;
• fire resistance;
• resistance to chemical attack;
• affordable cost;
• breathability.

But it is worth talking about the shortcomings:

• the material is unstable to mechanical stress, therefore it is mounted only on the frame;
• It has greater degree shrinkage over time;
• service life of 10 years, then glass wool loses its thermal insulation properties;
• destroyed by sun exposure.

Despite the shortcomings, the material is very often used for room insulation, as it has a low cost and ease of installation.

When working with glass wool, it is necessary to use protective equipment - goggles, a mask, gloves and tight clothing, since small, sharp particles of the material cause severe itching when it comes into contact with the skin.

How to choose the right material for indoor insulation

Before you mount the wall insulation from the inside with your own hands, we choose the right insulator that meets the following requirements:

• human safety;
• environmental friendliness;
• durability;
• fire resistance;
• vapor permeability;
• low thermal conductivity;
• moisture resistance.

With internal insulation, the house stands even before the start of installation, they equip a good ventilation system, otherwise the microclimate in the room will become unfavorable over time.

Comparative table of thermal insulation materials:

Material name	Density	Thermal conductivity	Vapor permeability	moisture absorption
Styrofoam	40	0, 037	0,05	2
Penoplex	28	0,028	0,006	0,2
Wood fiber	250-400	0,045-0,09	1	12
mineral wool	30-220	0,07	0,38-0,60	70
Ecowool	35-65	0,032-0,042	0,67	-
glass wool	10-50	0,029-0,052	0,5-0,6	10-15

Wall insulation technology from the inside

Experts advise to apply room insulation from the inside only in special occasions, For example:

• if the apartment is located above the second floor, and for external insulation it is necessary to involve industrial climbers;
• in new buildings, if it is not possible to remove the facade finish and produce external thermal insulation;
• if the insulation of the facade violates the architectural ensemble.

Ways to insulate walls from the inside:

• by frame;
• on glue.

The first method does not require careful leveling of the bearing surface. Besides facing material it is very simple to fix it on the frame, so if you plan to build plasterboard walls after insulation, then you don’t need to mount the crate. If after insulation it is planned to plaster the surface, then there is no need for a frame. In any case, the method of fastening the material directly depends on the further finishing of the walls.

Frame insulation

Like a wall from inside a room on a frame? This thermal insulation of the walls from the inside, the process is laborious, but more reliable. Thanks to the frame, the fragile material is not subjected to mechanical stress, this is especially true if polystyrene is chosen as the heat-insulating material.

The wall does not need to be leveled, but before installation it is worth cleaning the surface of the plaster, if it has peeled off, dirt, dust and cover it with an antiseptic composition.

The frame is constructed of aluminum profiles or bars. Fastening is carried out on dowels or self-tapping screws - depending on the material from which the base is made. The pitch of the racks should be equal to the width of the material, for example, if a soft insulation for walls inside the walls is chosen, then the distance is reduced by two centimeters, when using foam or polystyrene, exactly 60 cm.

If a decision is made to use wooden elements as racks, then they should be treated with impregnation, which will prevent rotting and the formation of fungus.

As soon as the frame is ready, a heat insulator is laid in the gaps, all seams between the material are sealed with mounting foam. After the foam dries, it is cut flush. After that, you can proceed to the final finish.

Thermal insulation of walls inside the premises on the frame is made by the following materials:

• glass wool;
• basalt insulation;
• Styrofoam;
• wood fiber.

Any of the above materials can be mounted using lathing on the walls, except for foil insulation.

Installation of insulation on glue

This type of installation requires careful preparation of the plane of the walls before insulating.

They are cleaned of dust and dirt, degreased. Further work goes according to the following algorithm:

• walls after cleaning are subject to alignment and repair. Cracks are puttied, large protrusions are knocked down, and cavities are sealed with mortar;
• all planes are treated with an antiseptic, or a primer with an antimicrobial effect;
• the primer is applied in two layers;
• after drying, you can start mounting the plates on the glue, it is applied to the wall and to the material with a notched trowel;
• the glue will dry for 2-3 days;
• as soon as the surface dries, you need to perform additional fixation with dowels-umbrellas.

Do not forget that the installation of material layers is carried out with an offset. At the same time, it is imperative to waterproof the base surface and vapor barrier the insulation itself after installation.

The arrangement of insulation for glue has its limitations, since only dense pits are used for this, for example:

• Styrofoam;
• wood fiber;
• penoplex;
• forged insulation.

As soon as all the measures for the installation of the heat insulator are completed, proceed to the finish.

Finishes

Usually, when installing heat-saving boards on glue, they are plastered, using a forming mesh for gypsum composition, and fiberglass for putty. These measures will prevent cracking of the finish coat.

After all plastering and puttying work is completed, and the walls have dried out, we clean the surface with a fine abrasive mesh and paint it with a water emulsion of the desired shade.