The frequency of testing the pump for tightness is Mon 40. Testing the fire pump for performance. Fire safety standards

A pump is a device that converts mechanical energy engine into energy, which contributes to the pumping of liquids, gases, as well as liquids with solids. In machines that are involved in extinguishing fires, mechanical centrifugal fire pumps, in them the energy of a liquid (or liquefied gas) is converted into mechanical energy.

All pumps are divided into three types, depending on the force with which they pump liquid (gas, liquids with solids):

bulk force;
viscosity (fluid friction);
flat or two-dimensional pressure (surface).

The first two types, in turn, are combined into a common group and belong to dynamic pumps. And those that work with the help of surface pressure are positive displacement pumps. The main feature of the pumps of fire vehicles is that they are driven by an internal combustion engine, this should be taken into account in the manufacture of such devices.

Requirements to be met fire pumps.

Reliability. Since in the event of a fire, human lives depend on the pumping unit.
Convenience. The pump was easy and convenient to operate.
Automation. If possible fire pump operation automated.
Silence. The level of emitted noise as well as vibrations must be minimized.

Fire pump device

Design fire pump consists of the main body of the device, the impeller, the shaft, and the device is also equipped with devices for supplying liquid and its output. The impeller consists of two discs, there are blades between the discs. They are made with bends in the direction opposite to the rotation of the impeller.

Starting from 1983, the wheels began to be made with cylindrical blades, this increased the pressure and pump flow by up to 30%. And also retained efficiency. Prior to this 83rd, the blades had a dual bend, which maintained high cavitation and minimized hydraulic resistance. But such wheel blades caused difficulties in the process of their manufacture, so they were abandoned. Let's take a look at some of the types centrifugal fire pumps.

PN-40 (PN-40UA)

fire pump PN-40UA began to be produced at the very beginning of the eighties as an analogue of the pump PN-40U. This is a high-quality fire, unified pump, which received good marks when used in practice. Pump housing PN-40UA Unlike PN-40U divided into two parts, it became much more convenient to repair it. Also, the UA model has an oil bath, which is located at the back and can be removed if necessary.

In the new PN-40UA implemented innovative method fixing the wheel on two keys, and not on one as it was in PN-40U. Because of this, the mount became more reliable. Updated PN-40UA designed for the vast majority of equipment that is involved in extinguishing fires, and stand on the chassis of GAZ, URAL and ZIL.

Oil is added through a special technological opening, which is tightly closed with a lid, the capacity of the bath is half a liter. At the bottom of the oil bath there is an oil drain hole, also provided with a closing lid. In order to drain the water, you just need to turn the tap, which is located at the bottom of the pump. The lever of the crane is extended for its convenient use.

PN-60

Externally, this pump repeats the shape of the model PN-40, and is not particularly distinguished by the new design. If the pump needs to be powered from an open source of water, then a small piece of pipe with two outlets is put on the suction part of the pump, which allows you to put on sleeves with a diameter of no more than 12.5 centimeters. To drain the water, you must open the tap at the bottom of the pump, which is directed clearly down. And in the PN-40UA model, this faucet is located on the side.

PN-110

A fire pump operating at normal pressure has a single stage and coil-shaped outlets. This model bears resemblance to a pump PN-40, namely, the main working parts are similar. PN-110 differs in the size of the suction pipes, it is 20 centimeters, as well as the diameter of the pressure pipe sections, which are 10 centimeters.

Combined pumps for fire fighting equipment.

Such pumps include those models that, due to their technical characteristics, are able to pump liquids under high and medium (normal) pressure. Under the Soviet Union, by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, they thought out, manufactured and produced a series of pumps PNK-40/2 that were self-priming and combined. The vortex stage sucked in and pumped water when the pressure was high, and at normal water pressure, the impeller did it.

Basic principles of operation of fire pumps

All pumps that are used in any technique for putting out fires are maintained and operated in accordance with instructions, passports, manuals and documents specialized in this area. Scheduled and non-scheduled maintenance also takes place in accordance with the above documents. When new cars arrive, it is very important to make sure that the seals on all pumps are intact. And also, before putting fire equipment on alert, it is important to test the pumps in active operation from open water sources. When testing, the immersion depth of the hoses for water intake should be no more than 150 cm. A pair of hoses 20 meters long and 6.6 cm in diameter pass from the pumping unit. 1.9cm. When testing the pump, the water pressure should not exceed 50m, and the time should not exceed 10 hours.

If the pump is tested near a reservoir, and the water is taken from an open area, it is forbidden to direct the trunks and water pressure into the reservoir. Small bubbles that form from pressure when they enter the pump will slow down its operation, both the pressure of water and its supply.

If the pump succumbed to repair, it also requires testing for 5 hours, when the pump is overhauled, the run-in takes 10 hours.

Fire pump check

Connect the pump that is installed on the fire vehicle to open source water resource. Start the pump and pump water, observing the condition that the valves are fully open. Using the indicators of instruments for measuring pressure, find out the level of pressure that the pump creates. Make a comparative assessment of the obtained head value with the standard value, under the conditions that the shaft rotation speed was nominal.

According to the technical specifications, the decrease in water pressure in the pump in relation to the nominal value should not be more than fifteen percent.

Fire pump problems and how to fix them

1. The pump does not pump.

Cause: The pump may be eating air that has filled the space. You will need to pump water again using a vacuum system.

2. The pump reduces the water supply or stops altogether, provided that it starts to supply water normally.

there is no density in the line that sucks in water (check for damage on the line and eliminate);
contamination of the grid that is at the end of the line (remove and clean the grid of dirt from dirt);
insufficient water intake depth (lower the mesh by 60 cm).

3. The pressure gauge does not work while the pump is working (it is not allowed to disassemble and repair it)

4. In working condition, the device produces loud sounds, and also vibrates noticeably:

mounting bolts loose (check and tighten);
severe wear of the assembly (replace bearings);
the shaft journals are out of order (if possible, repair or replace with a new one);
collapsed impeller (disassemble, remove the faulty one and replace with a new one).

5. The pump does not work due to clogging of the channels. It is necessary to clean the channels of the wheel well.

6. Do not spin the shaft, provided that other parts are in good condition.

in summer, possible contamination of the shaft with sand, mule or dust (disassemble and clean);
in winter it happens that the impeller freezes (heat up hot water or airflow pump).

7. Worn cuffs, if water oozes from the drainage (whether to repair or replace with new ones if possible).

8. Water splashing into the oil container:

contamination of the drainage hole (check and clean);
replace worn cuffs (disassemble and change).

9. Oil appears from the drain hole (replace worn cuffs).

Article sent by: NitroSam

After the completion of all installation work, installation of the necessary instrumentation, automation, lubrication systems, ventilation devices and the top floor, proceed to a trial run and testing of the pump unit.

Before starting, an audit is made of the tightening of the fixing bolts, threaded connections and glands. Check the lubrication in the system and remove dirt deposits and dust with compressed air. Clean fresh oil is poured into the crankcase, couplings and gearbox. Manually scroll the clutch, while controlling the smoothness of rotation and the absence of jerks. If the unit is designed to supply hot substances, it is necessary to warm up the pump before starting with steam at a temperature of at least 40 ° C from the pumped liquid. Gate valve located on pressure pipeline regulate the capacity and pressure of the fluid of the unit. The first start-up of the pump must be carried out at low load.

Starting sequence centrifugal pumps, the following:

Close all available valves and cocks on all pipelines and instrumentation, except for the valve on the suction pipeline, which can be closed at a maximum of 80%;
Open the valves to the cooler, seals and bearings to supply lubricant to them;
Open the air outlet cock. Fill the pump and the suction pipe with the working fluid;
Close the air outlet cock. If there is a bypass, open it;
Start the engine and open the valves of the pressure gauges;

ATTENTION! It is forbidden to start pumps with the cooling system turned off and not filled with working fluid. It is forbidden to operate the pump for more than 2-3 minutes with the shut-off valve of the pressure pipeline.

Upon reaching the required shaft speed and the nominal pressure on the pressure pipe, open the valve of the pressure pipe. It is necessary to open gradually in order to minimize the passage of liquid, thereby avoiding overheating of the motor and pump. If there is a bypass, then it is blocked;
By controlling the uniform increase in the load on the engine by instrumentation, the valve on the pressure pipeline is opened to the operating value.

ATTENTION! If an overload occurs, it is necessary to immediately turn off the unit, identify and eliminate the causes of the malfunction.

To stop, slowly close the valve on the suction pipeline, then on the discharge pipeline and turn off the electric motor.

In the process of work, it is necessary to control the readings of the instrumentation. Resistance in the supply line, due to a valve that is not fully open or a blockage, can lead to an increase in pressure.

The uniform oscillation of the arrows of the instrumentation, except for the voltmeter, indicates normal operation. In the case of air leakage in the system, sharp jumps in the instrument arrows are observed. In this case, it is necessary to check the tightness of the connections.

Malfunctions in the pump, as a rule, entail an increase in the current drawn by the motor.

In the event of knocking and overheating of the pump, it is necessary to stop the unit, identify and eliminate malfunctions.

During a trial run, the test must be controlled:

Noises and knocks;
Leakage of working fluid;
Coolant and lubricant leaks;
Lubrication and temperature of bearings;
The oil temperature must not exceed 60°C;
The temperature of friction parts and bearings must not exceed 65°C.

The test is considered to be successfully completed if the pump unit has been running smoothly and steadily for 2 hours. Further, industrial tests are carried out for 4 hours at full working load.

Rated: 4 people

METHODOLOGICAL PLAN

conducting classes with a group of duty guards of the 52nd fire station on Fire Engineering.
Topic: "Fire pumps". Type of lesson: class-group. Allotted time: 90 minutes.
The purpose of the lesson: consolidation and improvement of personal knowledge on the topic: "Fire pumps".
1. Literature used during the lesson:
Textbook: "Fire equipment" V.V. Terebnev. Book number 1.
Order No. 630.

Definition and classification of pumps.

Pumps are machines that convert input energy into mechanical energy of a pumped liquid or gas. Fire fighting equipment uses pumps different kind(Fig. 4.6.) Mechanical pumps are most widely used, in which the mechanical energy of a solid, liquid or gas is converted into mechanical energy of a liquid.

According to the principle of operation, pumps are classified depending on the nature of the prevailing forces, under the action of which the pumped medium moves in the pump.

There are three such forces:
mass force (inertia), fluid friction (viscosity) and surface pressure force.

Pumps dominated by the action of body forces and fluid friction (or both) are combined into a group of dynamic pumps, in which surface pressure forces predominate, constitute a group of positive displacement pumps. Requirements for pumping units of fire trucks.

Fire truck pumps are powered by internal combustion engines - this is one of the main technical features which must be taken into account when designing and operating pumps. The following basic requirements are imposed on pumping installations.

Fire truck pumps must be operated from open water sources, so no cavitation phenomena should be observed at the control suction height. In our country, the reference suction height is 3 ... 3.5 m, in countries Western Europe – 1,5.

The pressure characteristic Q - H for fire pumps should be flat, otherwise, when the valves on the trunks are closed (feed is reduced), the pressure on the pump and in the hose lines will increase sharply, which can lead to rupture of the hoses. With a flat pressure characteristic, it is easier to control the pump using the “gas” handle and change the pump parameters if necessary.

In terms of energy parameters, fire truck pumps must correspond to the parameters of the engine from which they operate, otherwise the technical capabilities of the pumps will not be fully realized or the engine will operate in the mode of low efficiency and high specific fuel consumption.

Pumping units of some fire trucks (for example, airfield vehicles) must operate on the move when water is supplied from fire monitors. Vacuum systems of pumps of fire trucks must ensure the intake of water during the control time (40 ... 50 s) from the maximum possible suction depth (7 ... 7.5 m).

Stationary foam mixers on the pumps of fire trucks must, within the established limits, dose the foam concentrate during the operation of the foam shafts.

Pumping units of fire trucks must operate for a long time without a decrease in parameters when water is supplied at low and high temperatures.

Pumps should be as small as possible in size and weight in order to rational use load capacity of a fire truck and its body.

The control of the pumping unit should be convenient, simple and, if possible, automated, with a low level of noise and vibration during operation. One of the important requirements for successful fire extinguishing is the reliability of the pumping unit.

Main structural elements centrifugal pumps are working bodies, housing, shaft supports, seals.

The working bodies are impellers, inlets and outlets.

Pump impeller normal pressure made of two discs - leading and covering.
Between the discs there are blades bent in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the wheel. Until 1983, the blades of the impellers had a double curvature, which ensured minimal hydraulic losses and high cavitation properties.

However, due to the fact that the manufacture of such wheels is laborious and they have significant roughness, modern fire pumps use impellers with cylindrical blades (PN-40UB, PN-110B, 160.01.35, PNK-40/3). The angle of installation of the blades at the outlet of the impeller is increased to 65 ... 70?, the blades in the plan have an S-shaped shape.

This made it possible to increase the pump head by 25...30% and the flow rate by 25% while maintaining cavitation qualities and efficiency at approximately the same level.

Mass of pumps reduced by 10%.

During operation of the pumps, a hydrodynamic axial force acts on the impeller, which is directed along the axis towards the suction pipe and tends to displace the wheel along the axis, therefore, an important element in the pump is the fastening of the impeller.

The axial force arises due to the pressure difference on the impeller, since a smaller pressure force acts on it from the side of the suction pipe than from the right.

The value of the axial force is approximately determined by the formula
F = 0.6 P? (R21 - R2v),
where F is the axial force, N;
P is the pressure at the pump, N/m2 (Pa);
R1 is the radius of the inlet, m;
Rv is the radius of the shaft, m.

To reduce the axial forces acting on the impeller, holes are drilled in the drive disk through which the liquid flows from the right side to the left. In this case, the leakage rate is equal to the leakage through the target seal behind the wheel, the pump efficiency is reduced.

With wear of the elements of the target seals, fluid leakage will increase and the pump efficiency will decrease.

In two- and multi-stage pumps, impellers on the same shaft can be placed with the opposite direction of entry - this also compensates or reduces the effect of axial forces.

In addition to axial forces, radial forces act on the impeller during pump operation. The diagram of the radial forces acting on the pump impeller with one outlet is shown in fig. 4.21. It can be seen from the figure that an unevenly distributed load acts on the impeller and pump shaft during rotation.

In modern fire pumps, the unloading of the shaft and impeller from the action of radial forces is carried out by changing the design of the bends.

The outlets in most fire pumps are scroll type. In the pump 160.01.35 (conditional brand) a blade-type outlet (guide vane) is used, behind which an annular chamber is located. In this case, the effect of radial forces on the impeller and pump shaft is reduced to a minimum. Spiral outlets in fire pumps are single- (PN-40UA, PN-60) and double-volute (PN-110, MP-1600).

In fire pumps with a single-volute outlet, radial forces are not unloaded, it is perceived by the pump shaft and bearings. In double-curl bends, the action of radial forces in spiral bends is reduced and compensated.

The inlets in fire centrifugal pumps are usually axial, made in the form of a cylindrical pipe. The pump 160.01.35 has an upstream screw. This improves the cavitation properties of the pump.

The pump housing is the basic part; it is usually made of aluminum alloys.

The shape and design of the body depends on design features pump.

Shaft supports are used for built-in fire pumps. The shafts are in most cases mounted on two rolling bearings.

Design of centrifugal pumps. In our country, fire trucks are mainly equipped with normal pressure pumps of the PN-40, 60 and 110 types, the parameters of which are regulated by OST 22-929-76. In addition to these pumps for heavy-duty airfield vehicles on the MAZ-543 chassis,

MAZ-7310 use pumps 160.01.35 (according to the drawing number).

Of the combined pumps on fire trucks, a pump of the PNK 40/3 brand is used.

The pump is currently being developed and is being prepared for production. high pressure PNV 20/300.

Fire pump PN-40UA.

The PN-40UA unified fire pump has been mass-produced since the beginning of the 80s instead of the PN-40U pump and has proven itself in practice.

Upgraded pump PN-40UA unlike PN-40U, it is made with a removable oil bath located at the rear of the pump. This greatly facilitates the repair of the pump and the manufacturing technology of the housing (the housing is divided into two parts).
In addition, the pump PN-40UA uses new way mounting the impeller on two keys (instead of one), which increased the reliability of this connection.

Pump PN-40UA

is unified for most fire trucks and is adapted for rear and middle location on the chassis of GAZ, ZIL, Ural vehicles.

Pump PN-40UA The pump consists of a pump housing, a pressure manifold, a foam mixer (PS-5 brand) and two gate valves. housing 6, cover 2, shaft 8, impeller 5, bearings 7, 9, sealing cup 13, tachometer worm drive 10, cuff 12, flange coupling 11, screw 14, plastic packing 15, hose 16.

The impeller 5 is fixed on the shaft with two keys 1, a lock washer 4 and a nut 3.

The cover is fastened to the pump body with studs and nuts; a rubber ring is installed to ensure the sealing of the connection.

Slotted seals (front and rear) between the impeller and the pump housing are made in the form of bronze sealing rings (Br ОЦС 6-6-3) on the impeller (pressing) and cast iron rings in the pump housing.

The sealing rings in the pump housing are fixed with screws.

The sealing of the pump shaft is achieved by using plastic packing or framed rubber seals, which are placed in a special sealing cup. The glass is attached to the pump housing with bolts through a rubber gasket.

The bolts are fixed with wire through special holes to prevent them from unwinding.

When using plastic packing PL-2 in the shaft seal, it is possible to restore the sealing of the assembly without this. This is done by pressing the packing with a screw.

When using frame seals ASK-45 for sealing the pump shaft and replacing them, it must be remembered that of the four seals, one (the first to the impeller) works for vacuum and three for pressure. To distribute the lubricant in the stuffing box, an oil distribution ring is provided, which is connected by channels to a hose and a grease fitting.

The catchment ring of the glass is connected by a channel to a drainage hole, abundant water leakage from which indicates wear on the seals.

The cavity in the pump housing between the sealing cup and the gland of the flange coupling serves as an oil bath for lubricating the bearings and the tachometer drive.

The capacity of the oil bath is 0.5 l Oil is poured through a special hole closed with a stopper. A drain hole with a plug is located at the bottom of the oil bath housing.

Water is drained from the pump by opening the valve located at the bottom of the pump housing. For convenience of opening and closing of the crane its handle is extended by the lever. On the diffuser of the pump housing there is a collector (AL-9 aluminum alloy), to which a foam mixer and two gate valves are attached.

A pressure valve is mounted inside the collector to supply water to the tank (Fig. 4.26.). Holes are provided in the manifold housing for connecting a vacuum valve, a pipeline to the coil of the engine additional cooling system and a threaded hole for installing a pressure gauge.

Pressure gate valves are studded to the pressure manifold. The valve 1 is cast from gray cast iron (SCh 15-32) and has an eye for a steel (StZ) axle 2, the ends of which are installed in the grooves of the body 3 made of aluminum alloy AL-9. To the valve with screws and steel disc rubber gasket attached. The valve closes the through hole under the action of its own weight.

Spindle 4 presses the valve to the seat or limits its travel if it is opened by water pressure from the fire pump.

Fire pump PN-60

centrifugal normal pressure, one-stage, cantilever. Without guide apparatus.

The PN-60 pump is a geometrically similar model of the PN-40U pump, so it does not structurally differ from it.

Pump body 4, pump cover and impeller 5 are cast iron. The liquid is removed from the wheel through a spiral single-volute chamber 3, ending with a diffuser 6.

The impeller 5 with an outer diameter of 360 mm is mounted on a shaft with a diameter of 38 mm at the landing site. The wheel is fastened with the help of two diametrically located dowels, a washer and a nut.

The pump shaft is sealed with frame seals of the ASK-50 type (50 is the shaft diameter in mm). Seals are placed in a special glass. Oil seals are lubricated through an oiler.

To operate from an open water source, a water collector with two nozzles for suction hoses with a diameter of 125 mm is screwed onto the suction pipe of the pump.

The drain cock of the pump is located at the bottom of the pump and is directed vertically downwards (on the side of the PN-40UA pump).

Fire pump PN-110

centrifugal normal pressure, single-stage, cantilever, without guide vanes with two spiral outlets and pressure valves on them.

The main working bodies of the PN-110 pump are also geometrically similar to the PN-40U pump.

There are only some design differences in the PN-110 pump, which are discussed below.

Pump housing 3, cover 2, impeller 4, suction pipe 1 are made of cast iron (SCH 24-44).

The diameter of the pump impeller is 630 mm, the diameter of the shaft at the place where the seals are installed is 80 mm (ASK-80 glands). The drain cock is located at the bottom of the pump and is directed vertically downwards.

The diameter of the suction pipe is 200 mm, the pressure pipe is 100 mm.

The pressure valves of the PN-110 pump have design differences (Fig. 4.29).

A valve with a rubber gasket 4 is placed in the body 7. A spindle with a thread 2 in the lower part and a handwheel is installed in the cover of the body 8

9. The spindle is sealed with gland packing 1, which is sealed with a union nut.

When the spindle rotates, the nut 3 moves forward along the spindle. Two straps 6 are attached to the trunnions of the nut, which are connected to the valve axis 5 of the gate valve, therefore, when the handwheel is rotated, the valve opens or closes.

Combined fire pumps.

Combined fire pumps include those that can supply water under normal (pressure up to 100) and high pressure (pressure up to 300 m and more).

In the 80s, VNIIPO of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR developed and manufactured a pilot series of self-priming combined pumps PNK-40/2 (Fig. 4.30.). Suction of water and its supply under high pressure is carried out by a vortex stage, and under normal pressure - by a centrifugal impeller. The vortex wheel and the impeller of the normal stage of the PNK-40/2 pump are located on the same shaft and in the same housing.

The Priluksky Design Bureau of Fire Engines has developed a combined fire pump PNK-40/3, a pilot batch of which is under test operation in the fire departments.

Pump PNK-40/3

consists of a normal pressure pump 1, which in design and dimensions corresponds to the pump PN-40UA; reducer 2, increasing speed (multiplier), high pressure pump (stage)

3. The high pressure pump has an open impeller. Water from the pressure manifold of the normal pressure pump is supplied through a special pipeline to the suction cavity of the high pressure pump and to the pressure nozzles of normal pressure. From the pressure port of the high-pressure pump, water is supplied through hoses to special pressure nozzles to obtain a fine spray jet.

Technical specifications pump PNK-40/3

Normal pressure pump:
feed, l / s .............................................. .................................40
pressure, m .............................................. ..................................100
frequency of rotation of the pump shaft, rpm ............................... 2700
Efficiency ............................................... .............................................0.58
cavitation reserve .............................................................. ................. 3
power consumption (in nominal mode), kW....67.7
High pressure pump (when the pumps are running in series):
feed, l / s .............................................. ...............................11.52
pressure, m .............................................. ................................. 325
speed, rpm .............................................. ...... 6120
Overall efficiency .............................................................. ...................... 0.15
power consumption, kW .............................................. 67, 7

Combined operation of normal and high pressure pumps:
supply, l / s, pump:
normal pressure ................................................................ ........ 15
high pressure................................................ .............. 1.6
head, m:
normal pressure pump .............................................. 95
common for two pumps ....................................................... ...... 325
Overall efficiency .............................................................. ................................. 0.27
Dimensions, mm:
length................................................. ................................. 600
width................................................. ............................... 350
height................................................. ................................. 650
Weight, kg ............................................... ............................................... 140

Fundamentals of operation of centrifugal pumps

The operation and maintenance of fire truck pumps is carried out in accordance with the “Manual for the operation of fire equipment”, manufacturer's instructions for fire trucks, passports for fire pumps and other regulatory documents.

Upon receipt of fire trucks, it is necessary to check the integrity of the seals on the pump compartment.

Before putting into combat crew, it is necessary to run the pumps when working on open water sources.

The geometrical suction height during the running-in of the pumps should not exceed 1.5 m. The suction line should be laid on two hoses with a suction grid. From the pump, two pressure hose lines with a diameter of 66 mm should be laid, each for one hose 20 m long. Water is supplied through RS-70 trunks with a nozzle diameter of 19 mm.

When running in, the pressure on the pump must be maintained no more than 50 m. The running in of the pump is carried out for 10 hours. When running in pumps and installing them in fire reservoirs, it is not allowed to direct trunks and jets of water into the reservoir.

Otherwise, small bubbles form in the water, which enter the pump through the mesh and the suction line and thus contribute to cavitation. In addition, the pump parameters (head and flow) even without cavitation will be lower than in normal conditions work.

Pump run-in after overhaul also carried out within 10 hours and in the same mode, after the current repair - within 5 hours.

During the break-in, it is necessary to monitor the readings of the instruments (tachometer, pressure gauge, vacuum gauge) and the temperature of the pump casing at the place where the bearings and seals are installed.

After every 1 hour of operation of the pump, it is necessary to turn the oiler by 2 ... 3 turns to lubricate the seals.

Before running in, the oiler must be filled with special grease, and gear oil must be filled into the space between the front and rear bearings.

The purpose of the run-in is not only to run in parts and elements of the transmission and fire pump, but also to check the pump's performance. If minor faults are found during the break-in, they should be eliminated, and then further break-in should be carried out.

If defects are found during the run-in or during the warranty period, it is necessary to draw up a complaint report and present it to the fire truck supplier.

If within three days the representative of the plant did not arrive or notified by telegram of the impossibility of arrival, a unilateral act-reclamation is drawn up with the participation of a specialist of a disinterested party. It is forbidden to dismantle the pump or other components in which a defect is found until the arrival of a representative of the plant or a message that the plant has received an act of reclamation.

The warranty period for fire truck pumps in accordance with OST 22-929-76 is 18 months from the date of receipt. The service life of the PN-40UA pump until the first overhaul according to the passport is 950 hours.

The running-in of pumps should end with their test for pressure and flow at the rated speed of the pump shaft. It is convenient to carry out the test on special stands of the technical diagnostics station of the PA in the detachments (units) of the technical service.

If there are no such stands in the fire department, then the test is carried out in the fire department.

In accordance with OST 22-929-76, the decrease in pump head at nominal flow and impeller speed should not be more than 5% of the nominal value for new pumps.

The results of the pump run-in and its tests are recorded in the fire truck log.

After running in and testing the fire pump, maintenance No. 1 of the pump should be carried out. Particular attention must be paid to the work on changing the oil in the pump housing and checking the fastening of the impeller.

Every day at the changing of the guard, the driver must check:
- cleanliness, serviceability and completeness of the components and assemblies of the pump and its communications by external inspection, the absence of foreign objects in the suction and pressure pipes of the pump;
- operation of valves on the pressure manifold and water-and-foam communications;
- the presence of grease in the gland oiler and oil in the pump housing;
- lack of water in the pump;
- serviceability of control devices on the pump;
- backlight in the vacuum valve, a lamp in the ceiling light of the pump compartment;
- pump and water-foam communications for “dry vacuum”.

To lubricate the oil seals, the oiler is filled with lubricants such as Solidol-S or Pressolidol-S, TsIATI-201. To lubricate the ball bearings of the pump, general-purpose gear oils of the type: TAp-15 V, TSp-14 are poured into the housing.

The oil level must match the mark on the dipstick.

When checking the pump for “dry vacuum”, it is necessary to close all taps and valves on the pump, turn on the engine and create a vacuum in the pump using a vacuum system of 73 ... 36 kPa (0.73 ... 0.76 kgf / cm2).

The vacuum drop in the pump should be no more than 13 kPa (0.13 kgf / cm2) in 2.5 minutes.

If the pump does not withstand the vacuum test, it is necessary to pressure test the pump with air at a pressure of 200...300 kPa (2...3 kgf/cm2) or water at a pressure of 1200...1300 kPa (12...13 kgf/cm2). ). Before crimping, it is advisable to moisten the joints with soapy water.

To measure the vacuum in the pump, it is necessary to use an attached vacuum gauge with a connecting head or thread for installation on the suction pipe of the pump or a vacuum gauge installed on the pump. In this case, a plug is installed on the suction pipe.

When servicing pumps in a fire or exercise, you must:
put the machine on the water source so that the suction line is, if possible, on 1 sleeve, the bend of the sleeve is smoothly directed downwards and starts directly behind the suction pipe of the pump (Fig. 4.32.);
to turn on the pump with the engine running, it is necessary, after depressing the clutch, to turn on the power take-off in the driver's cab, and then turn off the clutch with the handle in the pump compartment;
* immerse the suction screen in water to a depth of at least 600 mm, make sure that the suction screen does not touch the bottom of the reservoir;
* check that all valves and taps on the pump and water-and-foam communications are closed before water intake;
*take water from the reservoir by turning on the vacuum system, for which you must perform the following work:
- turn on the backlight, turn the handle of the vacuum valve towards you;
- turn on the gas-jet vacuum apparatus;
-increase the rotational speed with the “Gas” lever;
- when water appears in the inspection eye of the vacuum valve, close it by turning the handle;
- use the “Gas” lever to reduce the rotational speed to idle;
- smoothly engage the clutch with the lever in the pump compartment;
- turn off the vacuum apparatus;
- bring the pressure on the pump (by pressure gauge) to 30 m using the “Gas” lever;
-slowly open the pressure valves, use the "Gas" lever to set the required pressure on the pump;
- monitor instrument readings and possible malfunctions;
- when working from fire reservoirs, pay special attention to monitoring the water level in the reservoir and the position of the suction grid;
- after every hour of pump operation, lubricate the seals by turning the oiler cap by 2...3 turns;
- after applying foam using a foam mixer, rinse the pump and communications with water from a tank or water source;
- filling the tank with water after a fire from the used water source is recommended only if there is confidence that the water does not have impurities;
- after work, drain the water from the pump, close the valves, install plugs on the nozzles.

When using pumps in winter, it is necessary to provide measures against freezing of water in the pump and in pressure fire hoses:
- at temperatures below 0°C, turn on the heating system of the pump compartment and turn off the additional engine cooling system;
- in case of a short-term interruption of the water supply, do not turn off the pump drive, keep low speed on the pump;
- when the pump is running, close the door of the pump compartment and monitor the control devices through the window;
- to prevent freezing of water in the sleeves, do not completely cover the trunks;
- dismantle the hose lines from the barrel to the pump, without stopping the water supply (in a small amount);
- when the pump is stopped for a long time, drain the water from it;
- before using the pump in winter after a long stop, turn the motor shaft and transmission to the pump with the crank, making sure that the impeller is not frozen;
- water frozen in the pump, in hose line connections should be heated with hot water, steam (from special equipment) or exhaust gases from the engine.

Maintenance No. 1 (TO-1) for a fire truck is carried out after 1000 km of total mileage (taking into account the above), but at least once a month.

On the fire pump in front of TO-1, daily maintenance is carried out. TO-1 includes:
- checking the fastening of the pump to the frame;
- check of threaded connections;
- checking the serviceability (if necessary, disassembly, lubrication and minor repairs or replacement) of valves, gate valves, control devices;
- incomplete disassembly of the pump (removal of the cover), check of the fastening of the impeller, key connection, elimination of clogging of the flow channels of the impeller;
-replacement of oil and refilling of stuffing box lubricator;
- checking the pump for “dry vacuum”;
-testing the pump for the intake and supply of water from an open water source.

Maintenance No. 2 (TO-2) for a fire truck is carried out every 5000 km of the total run, but at least once a year.

TO-2, as a rule, is performed in detachments (units) of the technical service at special posts. Before carrying out TO-2, the car, including the pumping unit, is diagnosed on special stands.

TO-2 includes the execution of the same operations as TO-1, and, in addition, provides for checking:
-correct readings of control devices or their certification in special institutions;
- head and flow of the pump at the rated speed of the pump shaft on a special stand of the technical diagnostics station or according to a simplified method with installation on an open water source and using pump control devices.

The pump flow is measured by the water meters or estimated approximately by the diameter of the nozzles on the trunks and the pressure on the pump.

The pump head drop should be no more than 15% of the nominal value at nominal flow and shaft speed;
- tightness of the pump and water-and-foam communications on a special stand with subsequent troubleshooting.

Pumps of fire trucks and motor pumps are tested at each maintenance N 2 (after a run of 5000 km, but at least once a year) according to the methodology set out in the Manual on the technical service of the State Border Service. The following conditions must be met during the test:

before starting the tests, it is necessary to check that the installation of pumps and the installation of pipelines are carried out in accordance with the requirements of the accompanying technical documentation for the fire truck;

valves, latches, drain taps of water-and-foam communications of a fire truck must be in good condition, easy to close and open. The serviceability of the lubrication system for pump seals is checked. Leaks at the joints and controls are not allowed;

the frequency of rotation of the shaft of pumps of fire trucks should not exceed the nominal (specified in the technical documentation) by more than 5%;

the backwater in the suction pipe of the pumps should not exceed 4.0 kg s/cm2 (0.4 MPa), and for pumps with a shaft seal with plastic packing 8.0 kg s/cm2 (0.8 MPa);

the pressure at the outlet of the fire truck pump should not be more than 11.0 kgf / cm2 (1.1 MPa);

tightness with a rotating impeller is checked by hydraulic pressure created by the pump itself in the nominal speed mode;

start-up of pumps of fire trucks and motor pumps should be carried out with fully closed valves on the pressure pipes;

the pumps of fire engines equipped with a gas-jet vacuum system are started only after the appearance of water in the vacuum valve;

if a malfunction is detected during the inspection period, the fire engine pump is immediately turned off. Further tests are carried out after troubleshooting.

Fire nozzles, fire columns, branches, adapters, water collectors, etc.

The strength and tightness of the bodies of the specified equipment must be ensured at a hydraulic pressure that is 1.5 times higher than the working one, the tightness of the joints at the working pressure. At the same time, the appearance of traces of water in the form of drops on the outer surfaces of the parts and at the joints is not allowed.

The frequency of such tests is carried out once a year.

Personal protective equipment for respiratory and vision organs

RPE are tested (checked) in time according to the methodology established by the Manual on the Gas and Smoke Protection Service of the State Fire Service.

Fire protection suits

Fire protective suits are tested (checked) in time and according to the method established by the manufacturer and the operating instructions.

Manual fire escapes

Manual fire escapes should be tested once a year and after every repair. Before using them in competitions, acts are presented on them. Use of manual fire escapes with malfunctions, damage to the main parts or failing the test is not allowed.

During the test, the retractable ladder is placed on firm ground, extended to its full height and leaning against the wall at an angle of 75° to the horizontal (2.8 m from wall to ladder shoes). In this position, each knee is loaded in the middle with a load of 100 kg for 2 minutes. The rope must withstand a tension of 200 kg without deformation.

After the test, the retractable ladder shall show no damage and the knees shall extend and lower without binding.

Features of the admission of manual fire escapes to competitions in PSP are stipulated by the Rules for holding competitions in PSP.

During the test, the assault ladder is suspended freely by the end of the hook and each bowstring at the level of the 2nd step from below is loaded with a load of 80 kg (160 kg in total) for 2 minutes. After the test, the assault ladder shall be free of cracks and permanent deformation of the hook.

During the test, the stick ladder is placed on solid ground, leaned at an angle of 75° to the horizontal, and loaded in the middle with a load of 120 kg for 2 minutes. After removing the load, the stick ladder should not have any damage, it should fold easily and tightly.

For testing manual fire escapes, a dynamometer may be used instead of hanging a load.

Pumps of fire trucks and motor pumps are tested at each maintenance N 2 (after a run of 5000 km, but at least once a year) according to the methodology set out in the Manual on the technical service of the State Fire Service. The following conditions must be met during the test: