The main types of lamps. Types and types of modern lamps. Types of lighting fixtures

Depending on the light source, industrial lighting can be natural, artificial and combined.

Daylight- this is the illumination of premises with daylight of the sky (direct or reflected), penetrating through the light openings in the external enclosing structures. Daylight industrial premises can be carried out through windows in the side walls (side), through the upper light openings, lanterns (upper) or both ways at the same time (combined lighting). Overhead and combined natural lighting has the advantage of providing more uniform illumination of rooms, while side lighting creates a significant unevenness in the illumination of areas near and far from the windows of the side walls.

artificial lighting Designed to illuminate work surfaces at night or when there is insufficient natural light. It is created by artificial light sources (incandescent lamps or gas-discharge lamps) and is divided into working, emergency, security and duty. Emergency lighting is divided into safety lighting and evacuation lighting. Artificial lighting is general and combined.

General lighting designed to illuminate the entire room, it can be uniform or localized. The general uniform illumination creates conditions for performance of work in any place of the illuminated space. With general localized lighting, fixtures are placed in accordance with the location of the equipment, which allows you to create more illumination in the workplace.

Combined lighting consists of general and local. It is advisable to arrange it when working with high accuracy, as well as when it is necessary to create a specific or changeable direction of light in the process of work.

local lighting It is designed to illuminate only work surfaces and does not create the necessary illumination even in the areas adjacent to them. It can be stationary and portable. The use of only local lighting in industrial premises is not allowed.

Work lighting- lighting that provides normalized lighting conditions (illuminance) in the premises and in the places of work outside the buildings.

Emergency lighting it is necessary to foresee if the shutdown of working lighting and the associated disruption of equipment maintenance can lead to an explosion, fire, long-term disruption of the technological process, disruption of the operation of power plants, water supply pumping units and other similar objects. The smallest illumination created by emergency lighting should be 5% of the illumination normalized for working lighting, but not less than 2 lux inside buildings and at least 1 lux for the territory of enterprises. Emergency lighting fixtures are connected to an independent power source to continue working.

Security Lighting– lighting to continue working in case of emergency shutdown of working lighting.

emergency lighting designed for safe evacuation of people from the premises in case of emergency shutdown of working lighting in places dangerous for the passage of people, on stairs. Luminaires for evacuation lighting are connected to a network independent of working lighting.

security lighting provided along the borders of the territory, protected at night; it should provide an illumination of 0.5 lux at ground level.

Emergency lighting designed for minimal artificial lighting for guard duty during non-working hours, coinciding with the dark time of the day.

For security and emergency lighting of premises, a part of lamps for working or emergency lighting is allocated.

During the operation of lighting installations, it is necessary to provide for regular cleaning of lamps and glazed openings from contamination, timely protection of lamps that have expired their service life, voltage control in the lighting network, systematic repair of lighting installation elements, regular painting of walls and ceiling, lighting control at workplaces.

Control of the condition of lighting installations, necessary to maintain the required illumination at workplaces, is carried out periodically (but at least once a year). Illumination at workplaces is checked with the help of luxmeters. The terms for cleaning lamps and glazing depend on the dust content of the room: for rooms with minor dust emissions - 2 times a year; for rooms with significant dust emissions - from 4 to 12 times a year. For the convenience and safety of cleaning, mobile carts, telescopic ladders, hanging cradles are used; with a suspension height of luminaires up to 5 m, it is allowed to service them from ladders and ladders by at least two persons. Luminaires must be cleaned with the power off.

Luminaires are devices that distribute artificial light in residential premises, offices and on the street. With their help, you can visually enlarge the space, create a romantic or solemn atmosphere, focus on interior details (mirrors, paintings).

Types of fixtures

In the general classification, two types of lamps are distinguished: industrial and household. Industrial lamps are designed for offices and industrial premises, household - for houses and apartments.

What are

• - functional luminaires that are suitable for spacious rooms and rooms with low ceilings. For large rooms, chandeliers with additional cords or chains and light bulbs are used. Mini ceiling lamps fit into a small space.
• Sconces - wall lamps that are used for lighting. Mirror coatings require directional lighting. Plafonds, made of frosted or colored glass, create a uniform background lighting.
• Floor lamp - a lamp for the bedroom, gives a soft subdued light. You can place such devices at different heights from the floor. They are also placed in corners. dark rooms or illuminate the reading space in living rooms.

• A night light is a table lamp that projects an optical image onto the ceiling or walls of a room. Designs are most often used for children's rooms, they are made in the form of animals.
• Spotlights are high power lighting devices used to illuminate industrial premises.
• Low voltage, built into dropped ceilings. Feature: can change the light in the right direction. Suitable for large industrial premises.
• Current-carrying bars are small rails on the ceiling with swivel lamps mounted in them. Successfully fit into the design of the kitchen, dining room, living room, hallway.
• LED lamps are devices in which light sources are light-emitting diodes. Advantages of designs: energy saving, durability, compactness.

What materials

1. Wood is an environmentally friendly material, products from which will create an atmosphere of warmth and harmony in the interior. Suitable for high-tech style.
2. Glass - decorative material which is used in decoration modern interiors. Such products will bring lightness and airiness to the atmosphere of the room.
3. Rattan is a natural material that is lightweight and durable. Rattan products are favorably combined with modern styles, creating an atmosphere that is conducive to relaxation.
4. Fabric is a material that has interesting draperies. It will create a romantic atmosphere in the house.
5. Bumara is a material that harmonizes cold elements in modern European interiors.
6. Metal lamps are a durable and wear-resistant material, often used in decor. Forged elements give the room lightness and sophistication.
7. Gypsum lamps are a material suitable for decorating strict interiors in monochrome colors.

How they work

The lamp consists of a lamp and auxiliary elements that drive the mechanism: a starter and a throttle.

• Starter - neon lamp with two bimetallic electrodes. Voltage is applied to the lamp, a discharge is formed in it, after which the starter elements are closed. A strong current flows between the lamp bulb and the starter electrodes.

Then the electrodes open the system, the voltage increases sharply through the inductor. Under the influence of voltage, the gas gap in the light bulb breaks through, and it lights up.

• The throttle is connected to the lamp in series, so the voltage is divided into both elements, the starter is connected in parallel, so there is not enough voltage to re-close the starter electrodes.

The inductor limits the current after turning on the device, maintains stable operation of the lamp.

Luminaire characteristics

1. Luminous flux - the power of light radiation, which is perceived by a person as visible light. The unit of measurement is lumens.
2. The intensity of light is the ratio of the luminous flux that propagates inside a solid angle to this angle. The value is measured in candela.
3. Luminous efficiency - the ratio of the luminous flux to the electrical power used by it. The unit of measure is lumens per watt.
4. Illumination is a quantity that determines how much light flux falls on a unit area of ​​the illuminated surface. Measured in lux.
5. Color temperature is a value that indicates the intensity (spectrum) of radiation. The unit of measure is kelvin.
6. The color rendering index is characterized by the naturalness and correctness of the image transmission.
7. Luminosity is the ratio of the luminous flux emanating from the considered small area of ​​​​the surface to the area on which the light is emitted. It is measured in watts per m2.

The standard kit of the luminaire includes the body of the device, the driver and the model with the lamp. Among additional accessories: cartridges, electromagnetic ballasts, electronic transformers, starters, lampholders, chokes.

Advantages

• illuminate the room completely;
• variety of designs;
• comfortable color reproduction;
• durability with proper use;
• add luxury and elegance to the interior.

• choice of color temperature;
• regulation of light brightness;
• ecological cleanliness;
• colored decorative lighting;
• compactness and flexibility of modules.

• mobility;
• saving electricity;
• the possibility of using directional light;
• ease of use;
• devices can be transferred;
• fit different styles.

• creation of illumination of decorative elements and background lighting;
• the possibility of zoning space;
• a wide range of applications;
• small sizes;
• ease of installation and use.

• long term;
• high brightness;
• resistance to mechanical damage;
• low energy consumption;
• the possibility of creating directional light.

• environmental Safety;
• ease of use and disposal;
• does not require a direct current source for operation;
• made of durable materials (aluminum, polycarbonate);
• the possibility of using directional light.

• used to create emergency light in the premises;
• original design and interesting forms of appliances for children;
• possibility of transportation;
• compactness;
• ease of use.

• anti-corrosion properties;
• wear resistance;
• the ability to change the direction of the light;
• durability.

Problems

• difficult installation;
• need careful care;
• low security;
• large product sizes.

• fragility;
• an unpleasant glow spectrum;
• large in size;
• requires expensive power supplies and cooling systems to operate.

• illuminate a small space;
• potential flammability;
• dependence of the device on the outlet.

• not used for main lighting;
• there is no way to hide the wiring;
• small luminous flux;
• potential flammability.

• difficulty in operation;
• burn out from overheating;
• high frequency flicker;
• high price.

• sensitivity to interruptions in voltage;
• fragility.

• dim lighting;
• low color intensity;
• can not be used as the main lighting.

• limited functionality;
• electric current instability.

How to choose a lamp

• Decide for what purpose you need a lamp. Consider the size of the room and safety precautions. In rooms with high ceilings, use hanging products, for low ceilings, ceiling-mounted appliances with rigid mounts are suitable.

In rooms with a height of 2.5-3 meters, hang the chandelier at a distance of 2-2.2 meters from the floor. If the height of the room is more than three meters, the choice of location depends on your aesthetic preferences.

• The most durable and durable materials are glass, followed by plastic and metal. Fabric, paper, wood are flammable.
• For a spacious living room, choose hanging chandeliers with multiple bulbs.
• For kitchens, choose chandeliers with adjustable hanging cord length. Suitable ceiling lights with two or three shades. The main rule is ease of care, since soon carbon deposits will appear on the surface of the lamp after the fat drops have settled.

Do not buy textile lamps, it is better to look at options with decorative metal, glass or acrylic elements.

• For children's rooms, buy devices that are interesting in design: in the form of butterflies, flowers, fairy-tale characters. Lighting should be bright, but soft, not create glare and streaks on the walls.

Refuse models made of crystal or thin glass, choose safe materials - textiles or plastic.

• Lamps with a fabric or matte lampshade will fit favorably into the bedroom, they will give a subdued light. You can illuminate the reading nook with sconces or floor lamps with soft light.
• Use sconces to illuminate small rooms (hallways, corridors), with the help of lamps of this type, you can change the dimensions of the premises. Sconces with an upward orientation visually increase the space in height.

To expand the room, hang appliances on a wide wall. For a long and narrow corridor, choose products with a rectangular or oblong shape. Give preference to a chandelier with swivel spots that change the direction of light.

• For overhead lighting in bathrooms, use ceiling lights with frosted or white shades. To focus on the wash area or the mirror area, hang a sconce.
• If a floor lamp is needed for background lighting, its light should be soft and well diffused. If you want to illuminate only part of the room for reading or work, you will need a powerful device.

For convenience, use products with a table, as a decor - floor lamps. Select the height of the devices depending on the spatial dimensions of the room.

• Choose lamps for work according to functionality. Pay attention to how the light is reflected. The heavier the stand, the better the lamp will hold up. good options– lighting equipment with adjustable height.

The tripod of the desktop instrument must be flexible and change the angle of inclination.

• Choose the tone of the chandelier according to the interior. Dark shades absorb light, while white ones reflect. Greenish shades are calming, red ones are annoying. Universal option- fixtures that give a soft orange or yellow light.
• Lighting equipment should match the style of the room. Art Deco combines whimsical shapes and a variety of materials.

Country-style lamps are distinguished by the use of plant and rustic themes, made in yellow, light green shades. Cold tones and imitation of candles in shades are used for Provence-style lamps.

The urban loft uses a variety of design solutions: LED lights, spotlight chandeliers, spotlights, etc. The tiffany style is distinguished by openwork designs, the use of stained glass and forged elements.

• If the room is located on the sunny side, then you will use the lamp only in the evening. You can get by with a floor lamp or a hanging lampshade.

Rooms on the shady side need regular lighting. To do this, place the devices evenly around the room.

• Decide on the number of lamps. If you choose one appliance, it should stand out from other pieces of furniture. Use large or medium size products. When choosing a set, pay attention to the fact that it is made in one color.

Which is better

The best lamp should:

• consume little electricity;
• do not have interruptions in voltage;
• correctly positioned at the height of the room;
• be functional, be used for its intended purpose and illuminate the necessary space;
• have the necessary strength and brightness of light;
• be convenient to use and maintain;
• be made of durable and safe material;
• fit the room in size, radiation strength, color and style, fit into the overall design.

How to use

• To clean the fixtures, use special detergents with sprays. Before starting work, turn off the power supply and wait until the bulb has cooled down.

• The second way: remove the lamp, disassemble it in detail and wash it. Antistatic wipes can be used for cleaning.

• To wash crystal products, first apply to the surface of the device detergent. When the water starts to drain, wipe the equipment dry. After 2 hours, you can turn on the lamp.
• Wipe the plafonds made of frosted or transparent glass with a damp sponge soaked in a detergent solution.
• Keep wooden, fabric and paper sconces away from sources of fire. During repair, do not forget to turn off the power supply.

What is the warranty for the lamps

The warranty period for lamps is 18 months, unless otherwise specified in the device passport.

The warranty does not apply to products in the following cases:

• in case of violation of the rules of storage and operation;
• installation or repair was carried out by unqualified specialists;
• lighting equipment was connected to the network with the wrong voltage;
• the user has handled the device carelessly;
• traces of mechanical damage or changes in the design of the device are visible;
• if during the operation of the equipment an incorrect color rendition was noticed.

The warranty obligation provides for the repair, replacement of parts or a complete exchange of goods. Batteries, starters and other batteries, as well as additional accessories, are not covered by the warranty.

The presentation of the passport for the purchased goods and the warranty card is mandatory.

• Lack of wire contact with the cartridge. For repair, disassemble the design of the lamp. If the cartridge of the old model worked in the device, replace it with a new one. Check if the wire is firmly attached to the screws.

To increase the strength of the connection, it is necessary to additionally solder the ends of the wires.

• No wire contact with plug. The wire at the entrance to the plug often fails. With such a breakdown, the plug is cut off and replaced with a new one. Pay attention to the diameter of the plugs of the old part.

Solder the wire to the plug for a secure fit. You can add the diameter with a thick elastic band or electrical tape.

• Switch not working. Turn off the switch. Using a multimeter or tester, check how it works. If it cannot pass electrical signals, then the mechanism is out of order.

Replace the switch or connect the wires directly. Then the lamp will light up immediately after switching on.

• Broken wire. A sign of a breakdown is the flashing of a light bulb during transfer. Replace the wire with a new one with the same gauge. If the cord has tight bends, use plastic or rubber tubes to prolong the life of the equipment.

In case of serious damage, contact a specialist.

Luminaire manufacturers

Lighting company founded in 2001. Assortment - more than 800 positions of goods. Models of halogen and energy-saving lamps, table lamps and floor lamps have been developed.

Lighting equipment manufactured using LED technology is being introduced into production.

A company that manufactures lighting equipment of non-standard shapes and designs. Materials - bronze, crystal, minerals. Products include chandeliers, wall sconces, desk lamp, floor lamps, candlesticks and candelabra.

We offer services for the reconstruction of lamps of an outdated format, the dismantling of lighting equipment, and the repair of equipment. The wishes of the client are taken into account, it is possible to issue an individual order.

A company that was founded in 1994 in Denmark and first specialized in the production of halogen lamps in scandinavian style. Today - production for the manufacture of lighting equipment for residential premises and offices of any style.

When developing new products, it focuses on proven technologies and original design. Among the clients are construction hypermarkets and companies, lighting equipment stores.

Products are certified and labeled, with a high level technical security. The price is acceptable.

Models of the Italian company combine European fashion, elegance and classics with an original and sophisticated design. Color schemes: golden, steel, orange, bright red; it will be easy to choose lighting equipment for the interior.

Characterized by stylish ornaments, streamlining and bizarre geometry of forms.

EGLO

An Australian company that specializes in the manufacture of decorative lamps for interior spaces and public buildings. Desk, ceiling and suspended models, spots and wall lamps for bathrooms and children's rooms.

An exclusive brand that produces lighting equipment in different styles in line with modern architectural and design trends. Materials - crystal, glass, fabrics, wood, acrylic.

Lamps are made on German equipment, then processed manually. The company's products are divided into the following series: Antic, Bergamo, Retro, Royal, Moon, Mocco, Rotonda.

Globo

A popular Australian brand that manufactures original lamps. Models for indoor and outdoor lighting are available. Lighting devices and modular systems of the company are popular in 50 countries of the world.

Among the buyers are furniture stores, construction companies. Product range - more than 2 thousand lighting fixtures.

Halogen products are also produced with high technical characteristics, functionality and excellent design. The price is affordable.

The range includes a wide range of interior lamps. The products are distinguished by a well-thought-out design, they are used in production quality materials and new technologies.

Among the products are wall lamps, chandeliers, sconces, floor lamps and spots that change the direction of light. Designs are different in shape, size, color and style.

The principle of the company's work is to provide a flexible system of discounts and promotional programs. Acceptable value for money.

The company is engaged in the production of decorative lighting for residential and office premises, shopping centers. The catalog is updated annually, the goods are guided by fashionable novelties and technical improvements.

Products with strict certification, environmentally friendly materials are used in production. Plus firms - strong and durable products at an affordable price.

German brand that specializes in the manufacture of lighting equipment. Crystal is used for production. The company has repeatedly become a participant in international exhibitions. The company's products will make the design elegant and modern.

The assortment of the company is 400 models from 90 series of the company's products. Instruments introduced different styles: classic chandeliers and pendants, ecological wooden models, modern masterpieces in modern and high-tech style.

A wide range of colors for lampshades and plafonds. The equipment is durable, strong and safe.

Collection of lighting equipment in classic and modern style. The devices are made according to European technologies. Among the products are more than 60 series of chandeliers and 6 series of floor lamps, which will provide the room with top and side light at the same time.

Crystal products are made using Egyptian ASFOUR crystal.

Sonex

Russian manufacturer. Lighting equipment includes pendant and wall lamps, table lamps and floor lamps. The design combines classic and modern motifs, a variety of shapes and colors.

Notable collections: Alabastro, Quadro, Sakura, Duna, Ferola. Products are available at a cost.

Properly selected and placed lighting elements affect the atmosphere and mood of the room, as well as give the latter a unique individual character. The issue of lighting occupies an important place in the world of design.

Eminent factories such as FLOS, LOUIS POULSEN, VIBIA, Catellani & Smith, Brand van Egmond, Lasvit and others turn the production of lighting fixtures into a true philosophy of light and create designer lamps that find their place in the most different interiors and exteriors.

Our blog will have many articles about the use different types lamps. We will talk about the selection rules, touch on the compatibility of lamps and fixtures, and do not forget about the technical aspects. But without knowledge of theory and classification it is difficult to live. Let's dive into it a little.

Luminaire typologies

A lamp is a device that redirects the radiation of a light source (lamp) and concentrates the light flux at a certain angle. Depending on the type of luminaire, the flow of light inside the device is reflected, refracted, distorted and limited to varying degrees. As a rule, lamps are used to illuminate relatively nearby objects.

Let's delve into the classification. A lamp is a lighting device. Like a spotlight. Exactly! Spotlights are not lamps, but are on the same level with them.

The parameter for difference is the angular concentration with different light flux amplification factors. Typically, spotlights are used to illuminate distant objects, and are most often used in architectural lighting.

Classify lamps according to the most different characteristics, starting from the location, ending with the materials and the degree of security. We will introduce you to the most important groups.

1. Classification of fixtures according to the place of application.

First of all, the lamps are divided into groups according to the place of application:

• for premises;
• for open spaces;
• for extreme environments.

It is not difficult to imagine lamps for indoors or for open spaces: chandeliers, sconces, floor lamps, spots, all kinds of Street lights etc. But what is hidden under the classification of "extreme" lamps?

This group includes mainly industrial lighting devices that retain their functions in various difficult conditions. High or low temperatures, high humidity or underwater space, small particles or dust - in these conditions it is necessary to use special lamps.

Underwater lights for fountains. Disneyland.

2. Classification of fixtures according to the method of light propagation.

In interior design, the distribution of light in a room plays an important role. Therefore, we believe that it is definitely worth considering the classification of luminaires according to the method of light propagation:

2.1 - Luminaires that create direct illumination

For direct light fixtures, at least 80% of the radiation is directed to the lower hemisphere.

Examples of direct light fixtures:

2.2 - Create reflected light

Reflected light luminaires direct more than 80% of the radiation to the upper hemisphere. The properties of reflected light are affected by the shape and direction of the light source, as well as the orientation of the reflective surface and its properties. This type is used when there is a need to avoid shadows. In terms of efficiency, reflected light fixtures lose to direct light fixtures.

Examples of reflected light fixtures:

2.3 - Diffuse luminaires (diffused light)

Lamps of this type emit light evenly in all directions, create soft lighting without glare.

Examples of diffuse light fixtures:

3. Classification of fixtures at the place of installation.

In turn, the above types of fixtures are divided into groups according to the installation site.

3.1 - Ceiling

Such lamps are replete with forms, differ in styles, sizes and methods of execution. Important in such an interior element are both the material of construction and the light source used, we will talk about this separately in other articles. It is the ceiling light, as a rule, that is the main one and sets the character of the entire room. According to the type of ceiling lamps are divided into suspended, invoices And embedded.

An interesting example suspended structure - model PH 50 of the famous Danish factory LOUIS POULSEN. The ascetic style of execution of these luminous sculptures, impeccable lines and authenticity of forms from the world design icon Paul Henningsen will suit a variety of interiors.

3.2 - Wall mounted

Such lamps are indispensable assistants for interior designers in various projects. A sconce with soft light in the recreation area will create an atmosphere of comfort and warmth, and a spotlight will favorably emphasize an important object in the interior.

3.3 - Desktop

These lighting devices are an important component of any office or workplace. Bedside lamps create an atmosphere of coziness and comfort in the bedroom. In the development of projects, designers always remember the importance of table lamps, which help to solve functional problems.

Take a look at the Kelvin table lamp by the Italian brand FLOS. It is made in a minimalist style. It combines sophisticated simplicity, convenience and functionality. Such a decorative element is universal and reflects the character of self-confident people. You can position the lamp at any angle (double knee lamp base).

To turn on the lamp, you just need to touch its surface. And it automatically changes the brightness of the LEDs depending on the level of ambient light.

3.4 - floor

Most comfortable view lamps. With the help of such a device, you can temporarily add lighting where necessary (local lighting). The most common example of a floor lamp is a floor lamp.

In this article, we have touched only on the main points regarding the classification of fixtures. to our blog to deepen your knowledge of the art of light, and stay tuned for new articles in which we will go into detail about each group. We will be glad to see your comments.

The concept of a lamp

For distribution of snow flow in the right direction and protected from glare electric lamps installed in fittings. The lamp together with the armature is called lamp. The armature redistributes the luminous flux in the right direction, protects the light source from dust, moisture, etc. The luminaires are located, if possible, in places that are convenient and safe for maintenance. The types of luminaires are selected depending on the nature of the environment, the height of the suspension, lighting requirements and the interior of the room.

To protect the eyes of the observer from the blinding effect of the incandescent filament of an incandescent lamp, each lamp must have a certain value of the protective angle (Fig. 10.1).

Luminaires are designed to diffuse the light of incandescent lamps (eliminate glare) and give aesthetic forms to the lighting system. Glare protection lamps in luminaires is achieved by using light-scattering shells (diffusers), shielding gratings and rings, as well as by appropriately deepening the lamps in fittings. These measures create a protective angle, under which the filament or the luminous surface of the lamp are not visible. Luminaires also protect incandescent lamps from touching them, in some cases from moisture and dust.

Purpose of fixtures

A properly assembled luminaire makes an incandescent lighting system safe and efficient in operation. According to the type of lighting systems in which lamps are used, they are divided into the following varieties, shown in Table. 10.1.

Classification of luminaires by purpose Table 10.1

When arranging residential premises of all types, it is impossible to do without lighting devices. Today, a large number of lamps can be found on the market for goods and services. During the selection process, keep in mind that existing species chandeliers can differ not only in shape and size, but also in the method of installation, the brightness of the lighting. If you choose the right lighting, you can give the room a unique appearance.

Types of lighting fixtures for the home

The most popular lighting fixture for the home today is the ceiling chandelier. As a rule, such light sources are used for residential premises. Thanks to the variety of shapes, sizes and colors, everyone can choose suitable option based on the design of the room.

Depending on the method of fastening, chandeliers can be divided into several groups:

• ceiling - installation is carried out directly to the ceiling; as a rule, such models are small in size and are designed for rooms with low ceilings;
• suspended - suspensions are used as fasteners, which can be adjusted in height, such lamps are classic and are designed for large rooms.

1. Sconce - a lamp mounted on a wall, designed for local lighting. On sale you can find models with direct and directional light, as a rule, the second option is used as a backlight for large mirrors.
2. Spotlight- device small size, it is great for suspended and stretch ceilings.
   
   
3. A floor lamp is a type of outdoor lighting fixture. Such varieties allow you to visually enlarge the room if they are installed in the corners of the room.
   
   
4. Desk lamp- a common model of a light source used for an office or a children's room.
   
   
5. Night light - these types of devices are usually used for children's rooms for designing various shapes on the walls and ceiling. The most popular option is the starry sky.
   
   

Attention! Spotlights can be installed in furniture or inside the wall.

What types of lamps are

Today on sale you can find a large number of types of spotlights and chandeliers. All existing models can be classified according to a number of criteria:

• method of light propagation - direct, diffused, reflected;
• mounting method - stationary, non-stationary;
• installation method - ceiling, wall, table, floor;
• by destination - household, street, industrial;
• by functionality;
• by type of lamps used - LEDs, halogen, fluorescent, incandescent lamps;
• according to the method of power supply - electrical network, batteries, individual power source;
• depending on the form;
• according to the level of protection of the used lamp from moisture and dust;
• according to the method of cooling - natural, forced.

Such devices may have a remote control with which you can control the level of illumination.

Types of spotlights

All existing varieties of spotlights are divided into groups depending on the installation method, lighting control and functionality.

External or, as they are also called, overhead spotlights are used to install frameless bases:

• concrete ceiling;
• brickwork.

Such devices consist of a special mounting platform and a housing with a diffuser. In this case, a mounting plate with a smaller diameter than the housing is used. The body is fixed to the mounting platform using side screws.

Embedded models need a frame base:

• drywall constructions;
• walls and ceilings made of panels or slats;
• stretch ceiling;
• furniture partitions;
• niches in the walls.

An alternative option is to install appliances in the floor, pool, bar counters or on the stairs.

Suspended views must be mounted at some distance from the surface. To install the lamps, a decorative cable is used, which is pre-fixed on the ceiling. It is not required to use additional parts that will strengthen the structure.

Advice! If it is decided to install massive lighting devices in the room, it is recommended to install additional mounting strips.

Types of ceiling lights

If we consider the types of ceiling lights, then it should be borne in mind that they are conventionally divided into the following types:

• superficial;
  
  
• rotary;
  
  
• suspended;
  
  
• invoices;
  
  
• embedded;
  
  
• point.
  
  

Lighting devices may also differ in the emitted light:

• raster;
• halogen;
• incandescent;
• luminescent;
• energy saving.

As a rule, surface, hanging and built-in appliances are perfect for the bedroom and living room. Surface models can be, depending on the shape, round and oblong.

Fastening is carried out at a certain point on the surface of the ceiling. In order for the lighting to be as bright as possible, it is recommended to illuminate several zones at the same time, as a result of which light sources are installed in one room in different parts of the room.

What are chandeliers

On sale you can find a large number of devices for artificial lighting rooms. As you know, chandeliers can be different shapes, size, style, color solution, they may also differ in the method of installation, the number of built-in lamps.

If we consider depending on the system, we can distinguish suspended and ceiling models. The first option must be attached to the surface with a special hook on a chain or string.

Ceiling models are great for rooms with small ceilings. Such chandeliers are in the shape of a plate. Models can have a large number of segments or act as a single design.

Important! Plafonds can be made of glass, plastic, crystal.

Types of LED strips

There are a large number of varieties of LED strips, they differ from each other according to a number of criteria. If we consider by the method of installation, then we can distinguish 2 types: DIP and SMD. If surface mount (SMD) is used, then this means that the LEDs and resistors are soldered to the board at the very top. DIP assumes that the LEDs are inside a special housing, of which there are 2 outputs on each side.

Thus, SMD LED strip looks like a flat strip, and SMD looks like a chain of small cylinders. After these abbreviations, the manufacturer indicates 4 digits, which indicate the size of the soldered LED chips. For example, if you purchase led strip SMD 5630, that means the chip size is 5.6mm by 3mm.

Since there are many types ceiling chandeliers, you need to understand how to choose them correctly. During the acquisition process, it is recommended to adhere to the following recommendations:

• in rooms without windows, yellow lamps must be used;
• for work in the studio you should not use fluorescent devices;
• it is imperative to check what type of fastener is included in the kit, it often happens that manufacturers save money and do not provide fasteners;
• the chandeliers used must match the design of the room.

It is important to remember that the right lighting can transform a room. In addition, it is possible to visually divide the room into several zones.

Types of chandeliers and lamps: photos in the interior

The types of chandeliers are presented in a wide assortment range, as a result of which an unknowing consumer can get confused in such a variety. If necessary, you can see how specific models look in interior design and only then make a choice.

Conclusion

The types of chandeliers on sale are amazing and can confuse any person. Before purchasing a lighting fixture, it is recommended to first study the existing types and types, only after that you can make a purchase decision. It is important to understand that the beauty of the room largely depends on the right fixtures, in addition, they can be used to visually divide the room into zones or create the effect of a floating ceiling and walls.