All about sandwich panels. Sandwich panels: an affordable building material for a warm home. What are the advantages of sandwich panel houses

The sandwich panel is construction material, the outer sides of which consist of a solid material, most often metal, and the inner one is made of insulation. They got their name due to the fact that the layers resemble a sandwich (eng. sandwich [‘sænwɪʤ]) - the same materials on the outside and one more on the inside. Sandwich panels were first used in 1930 in America in the construction of a residential building. Later, mass production of panels began. IN Russian Federation this building material began to be manufactured in 1974, and it quickly occupied its niche in the construction market.

Where are sandwich panels used?

Sandwich panels were created in America in the 30s of the twentieth century. As for the domestic market, products appeared on it relatively recently. Despite this, their popularity is growing rapidly. What is the material used for:

1. Construction of garages.
2. Construction of garden houses.
3. Construction of warehouses and industrial buildings.
4. For decorative finishes walls.

Today, change houses, kiosks and shops, as well as cinemas, can be built from the material. They insulate warehouses and finished structures. In addition, it is an excellent soundproofing material suitable for creating interior partitions. Supermarkets, shopping centers, cottages and buildings, the height of which is not more than 2 floors - all this is created from panels.

Types of sandwich panels by purpose

According to criteria like functional purpose, distinguish the following types of panels:

• • wall;

• roofing.

Sandwich panels belonging to the category of wall panels are used in the construction of buildings for various purposes (warehouse, industrial, administrative, commercial, and others). In addition, they can be used in the construction of low-rise residential buildings and refrigerators. In the production of the above works, horizontal and vertical, as well as inclined enclosing structures are assembled from products.

Another way to use wall sandwich panels is the construction of enclosing structures (both internal and external), as well as flooring and flooring. In addition, these materials are often used for the reconstruction of buildings.

Roofing sandwich panels, as their name implies, are used in the construction of roofs. We can talk about the construction of buildings and structures of various types.

A separate group is formed by modern element-by-element sandwich panels.

They use high-performance insulation, which is complemented by a profile of galvanized cold-rolled steel with a polymer coating. In addition, a wind and water protection system is provided, which makes the structures resistant to the most extreme climatic influences. Varieties of element-by-element assembly attract not only with resistance to wind and precipitation, but also with good sound insulation, variability of configurations, maintainability and economy.

Types of sandwich panels by type of thermal insulation

According to this criterion, panels are distinguished, the core of which is made of:

• • mineral wool;

• • fiberglass;

• • polyurethane foam;

• • polyisocyanurate foam (the so-called advanced polyurethane foam);

• • expanded polystyrene;

• several materials (such panels are called combined).

Types of sandwich panels by type of cladding

According to this criterion, several types of panels are distinguished.

With metal lining. Most often it is made of thin-sheet galvanized or stainless steel, which is protected by a polymer coating of polyvinyl fluoride, plastisol, pural or polyester. In addition, fabric, paper, stainless steel or aluminum foil can be used as a coating. Metal sheets are used different types profiling - knurled, smooth, microwave-shaped or trapezoidal.

With plasterboard, plywood, fiberboard or CSP (cement particle board) sheathing. One of the listed materials is used only on one side of the plate, while a sheet of metal is used on the other. Most often, such panels are used in the construction of internal partitions. They are convenient in that they can be placed in cable channels, which, in turn, fit the wiring.

With PVC lining. In these varieties, rigid PVC sheets are located outside, and between them is a heater (for example, from polyurethane foam, extruded polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam). Products with PVC sheets are widely used in the manufacture of office partitions, windows and doors. In addition, they are used when finishing door and window slopes.

With paper lining. Paper in these varieties is supplemented with a layer of aluminum foil or polyethylene. Such panels are used for thermal insulation of building elements - walls, roofs, foundations and others. Varieties with paper sheathing impregnated with bitumen are very popular. This material does not allow steam to pass through, so condensation does not accumulate on the inside of the roof. Bituminous paper panels are very often used in the construction of warehouse roofs. To reduce heat loss, you can use foil paper, which reflects infrared radiation into the room. Panels with paper sheathing are relatively light in weight, which saves on their transportation and installation.

Types of sandwich panels according to the type of polymer coating

There are varieties with several basic coatings.

Polyester (denoted by PE).
This coating is suitable for all climatic zones, it is recommended for structures constructed inside buildings. The thickness of the polyester coating is 25 microns, the heat resistance is approximately 120°C. It has several advantages - good formability, hardness, affordability. Manufacturers make panels with a glossy and matte finish from polyester.

Plastisol.
It consists of polyvinyl chloride and plasticizers. For its designation, the PVC 200 type marking is used, where the number indicates the thickness of the coating, expressed in microns. The advantages of the plastisol coating are its applicability for both internal and external structures, resistance to mechanical damage, corrosion and rolling, and good formability.

Polydifluorionad (denoted PDVF).
The thickness of this coating is 25 microns, it is resistant to temperatures up to +120°C and drops to -60°C. Noteworthy are such advantages as resistance to mechanical damage, aggressive substances and corrosion.

Pural (denoted by Pural).
The basis of this coating is polyurethane. It has an attractive matte silky surface and is resistant to temperature extremes, corrosive and aggressive substances, and ultraviolet radiation. Most often, panels with such a coating are used outside buildings.

Characteristics of polymer coatings for sandwich panels
	Polyester	Plastisol	Pural	Polyvinyl fluoride
Coating thickness, µm	25	175/200	50	25
Maximum operating temperature, °C	+120	+60	+120	+120
Minimum processing temperature, °C	-10	+10	-15	-10
Surface	Smooth	Embossing	Smooth	Smooth
Preservation of appearance	**	***	****	*****
Min. bending radius	3xt	0xt	1xt	1xt
Corrosion resistance: - salt test, hours - water test, not less than, hours	500 1000	1000 1000	1000 1000	1000 1000
UV resistance	****	***	****	*****
Resistance to mechanical damage	***	*****	****	****

Characteristics and features of the building material

Wall panels are made from different insulating materials, which are protected by rigid sheet materials. For this, PVC, polyurethane foam, mineral wool, PPS (expanded polystyrene) are used. Regardless of the type, the products are suitable for cheap and quick construction. Sandwich panel is made of 3 layers. The upper and lower are protective, most often galvanized steel is taken for it. It is corrosion resistant, temperature resistant and reliable.

Between the protective sheets is a heat-insulating material. The main requirement for him is a low coefficient of heat conductivity, resistance to moisture and durability.

Weight

Structural mass of sandwich panels directly depends on the type and thickness of the heat-insulating layer. In addition, the density of the insulation also plays a key role. For example, for mineral wool, this indicator is 110 kg/m2, for polystyrene - 25 kg/m2. Accordingly, subject to standard sizes, the weight of wall sandwich panels with mineral wool can vary within 16-39 kg. Similar products, where foam is used as a heater, will weigh 12-17 kg.

for walls

	lining thickness, mm	panel weight, kg
50	0,5	16,03
	0,7	19,55
80	0,5	19,7
	0,7	23,22
100	0,5	22,15
	0,7	25,67
120	0,5	24,6
	0,7	28,12
150	0,5	28,27
	0,7	31,79
175	0,5	31,34
	0,7	34,86
200	0,5	34,38
	0,7	37,9

For roofing

The weight of roofing sandwich panels is 12-38 kilogram, depending on the thermal insulation layer used.

panel thickness for insulation t, mm	lining thickness, mm	panel weight, kg
50	0,5	17,4
	0,7	21,16
80	0,5	21,07
	0,7	24,83
100	0,5	23,52
	0,7	27,28
120	0,5	25,97
	0,7	29,73
150	0,5	29,64
	0,7	33,4
175	0,5	32,71
	0,7	36,47
200	0,5	35,75
	0,7	39,51

Wall sandwich panels: dimensions

mineral wool, density 110 kg/m³ 0.5 - 0.7 mm.

	Width over cladding [mm]	Panel length [mm]
			0,5	0,6	0,7
50	1206 (width mounting - 1190)	1800 — 13000	14,61	16,26	17,93
80			17,91	19,56	21,23
100			20,11	21,76	23,43
120			22,30	23,96	25,62
150			25,61	27,26	28,93
170			27,81	29,46	31,13
200			31,11	32,76	34,43

The data are given for wall panels with insulation styrofoam, density 25 kg/m³ and metal sheets of thickness 0.5 - 0.7 mm.

Standard panel thickness [mm]	Width over cladding [mm]	Panel length [mm]	Specific weight of sandwich panel [kg/m²]
			0,5	0,6	0,7
50	1206 (width mounting - 1190)	1800 — 13000	10,36	12,01	13,68
80			11,11	12,76	14,43
100			11,61	13,26	14,93
120			12,11	13,76	15,43
150			12,86	14,51	16,18
170			13,30	15,01	16,68
200			14,11	15,76	17,43

The data are given for wall panels with insulation polyurethane foam (PPU, PUR), density 40 – 42kg/m³ and metal sheets of thickness 0.5 - 0.7 mm.

The data are given for wall panels with insulation density 40 – 50 kg/m³ and metal sheets of thickness 0.5 - 0.7 mm.

Manufacturers of sandwich panel equipment set the dimensions of sandwich panels based on the dimensions of the raw material - metal profiled sheet.

Sheet manufacturers have chosen the size 1250 mm wide, based on transportation standards, namely the maximum body width euro trucks - 2450mm.

In a standard euro wagon, body width 2450mm, two rows of pallets of sandwich panels are placed in width.

2. Roof sandwich panels: dimensions

mineral wool, with a density of 130 kg / m³ and metal sheets with a thickness of 0.6 and 0.7 mm.

Standard panel thickness [mm]	Width over cladding [mm]	Panel length [mm]	Specific weight of sandwich panel [kg/m²]
			0,6	0,7
50	1084 (width mounting - 1000)	1800 — 13000	18,34	20,18
80			22,24	24,08
100			24,84	26,68
120			27,44	29,28
150			31,34	33,18
170			33,94	35,78
200			37,84	39,68

Data given for roof panels with insulation styrofoam, density 25 kg/m³ and metal sheets of thickness 0.6 and 0.7 mm.

Standard panel thickness [mm]	Width over cladding [mm]	Panel length [mm]	Specific weight of sandwich panel [kg/m²]
			0,6	0,7
50	1084 (width mounting - 1000)	1800 — 13000	13,09	14,93
80			13,84	15,68
100			14,34	16,18
120			14,84	16,68
150			15,59	17,43
170			16,09	17,93
200			16,84	18,68

Data given for roof panels with insulation polyurethane foam (PPU, PUR), density 40 – 42kg/m³ and metal sheets of thickness 0.5 - 0.7 mm.

Data given for roof panels with insulation polyisocyanurate foam (PIR, PIR), density 40 – 50 kg/m³ and metal sheets of thickness 0.5 - 0.7 mm.

The roof sandwich panel, due to its deeper profile, always has shortened size in width, in comparison with the wall sandwich panel.

Characteristics of heaters. Soundproofing sandwich panels

The thermal insulation properties and fire resistance of sandwich panels depend on the insulation used. Sound insulation depends on the thickness of the panels.

Therefore, the choice of insulation should be based on:

• requirements for fire safety buildings - for example, administrative and residential buildings are built only from panels with mineral wool insulation;
• the purpose of the building - in the construction of refrigeration and freezers, polyurethane foam or polyisocyanurate foam is used;
• economic feasibility - in terms of price / quality ratio the best choice is expanded polystyrene as an advantageous lightweight and warm insulation.

Characteristics of sandwich panels with mineral wool insulation

Thickness, mm		Sound insulation, dB	Thermal conductivity λ=W/Mk		Combustibility of a heater	Density, kg / m 3
50	1,04	30	0,05	EI 30	NG	120-140	—	1,5
80	1,67	31	0,05	EI45	NG	120-140	—	1,5
100	2,08	32	0,05	EI 90	NG	120-140	—	1,5
120	2,5	33	0,05	EI 150	NG	120-140	—	1,5
150	3,13	35	0,05	EI 180	NG	120-140	—	1,5
200	4,14	38	0,05	EI 180	NG	120-140	—	1,5
250	5,21	43	0,05	EI 180	NG	120-140	—	1,5

*Combustibility group NG is assigned to non-combustible materials (GOST 30244)

* Fire resistance from EI 30 to EI 150 - degradation of integrity during high-temperature (fire) exposure for 30 to 150 minutes; it is allowed to use panels for all categories of fire resistance of buildings

Characteristics of sandwich panels with expanded polystyrene insulation

Thickness, mm	Thermal resistance R t \u003d m 2 × ° C / W	Sound insulation, dB	Thermal conductivity λ=W/Mk	Fire resistance limit, GOST 30247.0-94	Combustibility of a heater	Density, kg / m 3	Water absorption in 24 hours, % by weight	Water absorption for 2 hours, % by weight
50	1,28	25	0,042	EI 15	G1	25	2	—
80	2,05	28	0,042	EI 15	G1	25	2	—
100	2,56	29	0,042	EI 15	G1	25	2	—
120	3,08	31	0,042	EI 15	G1	25	2	—
150	3,85	33	0,042	EI 15	G1	25	2	—
200	5,13	35	0,042	EI 15	G1	25	2	—
250	6,41	39	0,042	EI 15	G1	25	2	—

*Combustibility group G1 is assigned to low combustible materials (GOST 30244)

*Fire resistance EI 15 - integrity degradation at high temperature (fire) exposure within 15 minutes; it is allowed to use panels from 2 to 5 categories of fire resistance of buildings.

Characteristics of sandwich panels with polyurethane foam / polyisocyanurate foam insulation

Thickness, mm	Thermal resistance R t \u003d m 2 × ° C / W	Sound insulation, dB	Thermal conductivity λ=W/Mk	Fire resistance limit, GOST 30247.0-94	Combustibility of a heater	Density, kg / m 3	Water absorption in 24 hours, % by weight	Water absorption for 2 hours, % by weight
50	2,38	30	0,022	EI 15/EI 15	G4/G2	41	1,6	—
80	3,81	31	0,022	EI 15/EI 30	G4/G2	41	1,6	—
100	4,76	32	0,022	EI 15/EI 30	G4/G2	41	1,6	—
120	5,71	33	0,022	EI 15/EI 30	G4/G2	41	1,6	—
150	7,14	35	0,022	EI 15/EI 45	G4/G2	41	1,6	—
200	9,52	35	0,022	EI 15/EI 45	G4/G2	41	1,6	—

*Combustibility group G2 is assigned to moderately combustible materials (GOST 30244)

* Fire resistance from EI 15 to EI 45 - degradation of integrity during high-temperature (fire) exposure within 15 to 45 minutes; it is allowed to use panels from 2 to 5 categories of fire resistance of buildings.

Bearing capacity of MetallProm sandwich panels

At correct installation and observance of proper operating conditions, MetallProm sandwich panels can withstand the following loads indicated in the tables.

Bearing capacity of roof sandwich panels

Panel thickness, mm							Support width, mm
	Span length, m						extreme	middle
	1.0	1.5	2.0	2.5	3.0	3.5
50	421	274	201	142	87	55	60	80
60	507	331	243	161	102	67
80	681	446	328	200	133	92
100	854	560	378	239	164	119
120	1027	675	426	279	194	143		90
150	1287	840	503	336	243	184		100
200	1719	968	570	436	324	252		110
250	2152	1141	698	476	382	320		120
300	2586	1314	826	589	398	337		130
50	403	244	156	118	87	75	60	80
60	504	310	213	155	117	106
80	812	530	372	277	215	181
100	911	618	469	357	280	225
120	1071	728	553	437	346	335		90
150	1231	903	671	528	433	364		100
200	1462	984	731	576	471	397		110
250	1579	1063	791	623	510	429		120
300	1694	1140	849	669	548	461		130

Bearing capacity of wall sandwich panels

Panel thickness, mm	Bearing capacity of roofing sandwich panels under uniform load, kgf/m2										Support width, mm
	Span length, m										extreme	middle
	1.5	2.0	2.5	3.0	3.5	4.0	4.5	5.0	5.5	6.0
Filler - basalt mineral wool "ROCKWOOL"
50	405	291	228	123	84	53	33	—	—	—	60	60
60	417	301	231	146	127	91	62	40	—	—
80	443	325	260	159	138	112	100	87	71	50
100	464	346	275	176	157	136	127	106	91	78
120	505	370	292	207	168	150	143	123	110	95		70
150	569	413	322	263	183	160	152	136	125	95		80
200	663	488	386	303	216	185	178	164	151	127		100
250	701	519	408	367	259	220	208	190	185	163		110
300	748	544	428	413	312	284	261	223	208	189		120
Filler - self-extinguishing polystyrene foam with flame retardants
50	431	314	246	130	103	86	66	53	43	36	60	60
60	435	317	248	148	110	96	81	64	52	43
80	442	321	251	166	125	109	96	86	72	59
100	448	325	254	167	141	122	107	96	87	76
120	497	362	282	185	156	135	119	106	96	88		70
150	548	399	312	212	179	155	136	122	110	100		80
200	647	473	370	259	218	188	165	148	133	121		100
250	699	512	401	306	258	222	195	174	157	143		110
300	750	551	432	353	297	256	225	200	181	164		120

* The thickness of the sandwich panel is conditionally taken equal to the thickness of the insulation

*The thickness of the metal sheet of the panel is taken as 0.5 mm

* Permissible deflection for wall sandwich panels is L/150, for roof panels - L/200

*Loads correspond to a two-span (multi-span) loading scheme

The preservation of characteristics for a long time and the durability of finished buildings from the MetallProm sandwich panels are ensured by the use of quality materials, advanced production technology and the use of stable polymer coatings. Competent installation, proper operation and proper control over the enclosing structures allow prefabricated buildings from sandwich panels to serve for decades. Thanks to these properties, our products will satisfy even the most demanding customers who want to work with us in the field of advanced construction.

Average prices

The price of sandwich panels directly depends on several parameters:

1. Production region.
2. Qualitative characteristics.
3. Application area.
4. The material used for making.
5. Single layer or multilayer.
6. protective coating.

The thickness of the structure also affects the cost of a building product. The larger it is, the correspondingly, it is able to withstand maximum loads. At the same time, other quality indicators improve several times. Such as hygroscopicity, sound insulation, etc.

Material	Thickness: 60mm	Thickness: 80mm	Thickness: 100mm	Thickness: 120mm	Thickness: 150mm	Thickness: 200mm
Pol/Pol + protective film	1160 rub. sq. m	1300 rub. sq. m	1430 rub. sq. m	1600 rub. sq. m	1720 rub. sq. m	1780 rub. sq. m
Pol/Zn + protective film	1130 rub. sq. m	1270 rub. sq. m	1400 rub. sq. m	1570 rub. sq. m	1680 rub. sq. m	1750 rub. sq. m
Znl/Zn + protective film	1100 rub. sq. m	1240 rub. sq. m	1330 rub. sq. m	1540 rub. sq. m	1650 rub. sq. m	1720 rub. sq. m
Pol/Paper	950 rub. sq. m	1100 rub. sq. m	1230 rub. sq. m	1400 rub. sq. m	1500 rub. sq. m	1570 rub. sq. m
Zn/Paper	920 rub. sq. m	1080 rub. sq. m	1200 rub. sq. m	1360 rub. sq. m	1480 rub. sq. m	1540 rub. sq. m
Paper/Paper	750 rub. sq. m	890 rub. sq. m	1000 rub. sq. m	1190 rub. sq. m	1300 rub. sq. m	1370 rub. sq. m

It should be noted that today, the potential output of sandwich panels in Russia is fully consistent with consumer demand. Many companies
appreciated this product, including convenient sizes wall sandwich panels and their cost. Therefore, an annual increase in production by 20 - 25% is provided.

Advantages and disadvantages of sandwich panels

To understand whether to buy products for finishing or creating a room, you need to find out the advantages and disadvantages of sandwich panels. Let's start with the positives:

1. Speed ​​of execution construction works. The project to create a structure can be completed in the shortest possible time.
2. Affordable price, thanks to which everyone can afford panels.
3. Providing reliable mechanical protection along with high thermal insulation properties. Thus, the installation of wall sandwich panels will solve two problems.
4. No need to additionally insulate the building, spend money, time and effort on work.
5. Plates are small in size and weight. The load on the foundation of the house is not great, so it makes no sense to strengthen it and spend a lot of money. Buildings from sandwich panels are made quite simply.
6. The installation technology does not provide for the presence of special construction equipment. The work is done by hand.
7. These are not only products for creating structures, but also materials for external decorative finishing of the facade, which allows you to save money without performing additional finishing.
8. Products are protected from moisture, sun rays, rodents and other negative impacts.

However, the products are not without drawbacks, like any other materials. They are the following:

• low mechanical strength of finished structures made of sandwich panels. Although the metal protects the insulation, the building as a whole is poorly protected from mechanical stress;
• if you save on the quality of the insulation, then its thermal insulation function is reduced to nothing;
• performing interior decoration rooms, it is required to take into account the load on the wall panels. If it exceeds the norm, then the wall will easily collapse.

Sandwich panel installation work

In order for the work to be done qualitatively, you need to approach it responsibly. This requires professional construction knowledge and skills. Ideally, resort to hiring workers who will do everything right. But if you wish, you can do the work yourself.

To work, you need to stock up on such tools and materials:

• wall sandwich panel 100 mm or other thickness on request;
• electric drill and screwdriver;
• building level;
• profile or metal corner;
• saw with fine teeth;
• plumb;
• self-tapping screws for panels;
• grips;
• anchor bolts with gasket;
• adhesive tape;
• winch or similar mechanism;
• clamping devices;
• silicone sealant.

There are two types of installation of sandwich panels:

1. Horizontally.
2. Vertically.

As experience shows, it is better to resort to the second method if the house has a height of 3-6 m. The installation process is simple: you need to fasten the sandwich panel with self-tapping screws close to the roof and basement. The panels are connected to each other by locks.

The horizontal type of installation is easier in terms of fixing the locks. You need to start the installation process from the basement of the building. Products are attached to the frame along the edges.

Verified manufacturers

Given the popularity of sandwich panels, there are quite a few enterprises operating in Russia that have chosen to specialize in the manufacture of this building material. Let's bring TOP 5 verified companies.

• "Lissant". The company started its activity in 2008, and now has several production lines located in various regions of the country. The manufacturer uses only high-quality raw materials, the technological process is based on the use of Italian equipment. The company has repeatedly become the winner of various competitions, the products are subject to mandatory quality certification for the class ISO 9001.
• OOO "Teplant". The company was founded on the basis of the Kuibyshev enterprise for the production of mineral wool products. The production of sandwich panels was established in 2001, and now it is one of the largest producers in the Russian region, supplying the market with more 6 million m2 annually.
• GC "Vesta Park". The range of the company is represented by wall and roof sandwich panels of various colors. The company operates a multi-stage quality control, which allowed the company to repeatedly become a nominee for all-Russian competitions.
• OOO TD "Stimet". The key advantage of the company is affordable prices for manufactured products, while maintaining European quality. Sandwich panels of this manufacturer are equipped with standard and seam lock joints, mineral wool or expanded polystyrene is used as a heat-insulating layer.
• "Technostyle". The company works with 2008, the company's goal is to take a leading position in the Russian construction market. The company constantly tightens quality control of production, modernizes technological processes and uses European equipment. At the same time, the sandwich panels of this manufacturer differ affordable prices. Let out production completely conforms to the Russian and international quality standards.

It should be noted that these are not the only manufacturers of sandwich panels in Russia, however, here are the most competitive companies whose products deserve the highest ratings from consumers.

What is a sandwich panel? This term refers to a multilayer building material that is used for the construction of frameless structures. During construction, the elements of the panels are interconnected by interlocking, forming a solid monolithic surface.

The first sandwich panels appeared on the construction market in 1930 year. The inventor of the design is engineer Lloyd. First used for assembly, the panels immediately began to gain worldwide popularity, allowing you to quickly build buildings for various purposes. Russian manufacturers have mastered the technology in the 90s last century.

Standard sandwich panels consist of several layers: an outer cladding and an insulating layer between them. The main components are joined together by hot pressing, or bonded with an adhesive based on polyurethane.

External cladding

Two-component adhesive layer No. 1

Two-component adhesive layer No. 2

Trapezoidal mineral wool slats

Internal lining

Protective film

roof lock

Structural mineral wool lamellas

Due to the composite structure, sandwich panels have a lot of undeniable advantages. In particular, the pressed material has a minimum weight, which significantly reduces the load on the foundation. Sandwiches also have a high level of thermal insulation, while the insulation layer is reliably protected by the outer cladding, so the panels do not lose their properties over time.

Types of profiling of external facing of panels

What are they? Types, characteristics and sizes

Sandwich panels are divided according to several criteria, which determines their characteristics and application features.

By appointment

By purpose, the material is divided into three groups:

Usually these are durable products designed for vertical installation. The outer cladding is made of durable polymer-coated material, color palette implies a wide range of shades. A lock system is used to connect wall elements to each other. Z-LOCK.

Such a connection ensures hermetic joining of the panels, which eliminates the formation of cold bridges, reliably protects the insulation from any external influences. It should be noted that for additional protection of butt joints, additional elements, sealant, construction tape and mounting foam are used.

Dimensions (mm)

In its structure and composition, the material resembles wall counterparts, however, there are some differences. For example, a lock connection belongs to the class F-LOCK which prevents moisture from entering the roof. For these purposes, a pronounced profile of the outer lining is also provided.

To protect the panels from aggressive environmental influences and direct exposure to ultraviolet rays, anti-corrosion coating is used. It should be noted that the panels of this category are a complete element of the roof, so they do not need additional protection of the joints.

Dimensions (mm)

It should be noted that according to GOST standards, some deviations in the dimensional grid are allowed, which does not classify the panels as defective. It is important to understand that the given sizes are relevant only for domestic manufacturers. In Europe, other standards apply, so sandwich panels manufactured abroad may differ from Russian standards.

corner

As the name implies, such panels have a rather limited scope. They are used to protect the corners of buildings from moisture, improve the appearance. The panels are mounted on the corner slopes of wall structures, which provides reliable thermal insulation.

Table of comparative loads

The picture above shows the façade cladding options for the so-called piece-by-piece sandwich panels.

If we talk about solid sheets, then the following materials are used here:

Galvanized or stainless steel with polymer coating.

Combined materials, where one metal sheet is replaced with drywall or DSP (cement particle board). Such options are usually used for arranging internal partitions.

Both layers are made of PVC.

The outer layers are made of special paper, aluminum foil or polyester. Such products are usually used for additional thermal insulation of floors or foundations.

Typically, manufacturers use the following materials:

mineral wool. This is a fibrous composition obtained from silicate magma and metallurgical slag. The material is completely incombustible, but very sensitive to damp environments. When installing such panels, personal protective equipment is required, special attention is paid to the tightness of the joints. In addition, sandwich panels with mineral wool have a rather large structural mass.

glass wool. According to its properties, the material is almost identical to mineral wool. However, due to the large size fibers, such panels have greater elasticity, respectively, are more resistant to dynamic loads.

polyurethane foam. This material has absolute environmental safety, is resistant to any external influences, has excellent thermal insulation properties and moisture resistance. The only drawback of such a filler is flammability.

Styrofoam. Sandwich panels with such a heat-insulating layer are often used in the construction of commercial establishments, cold rooms. The material has a porous structure, which provides reliable insulation interior spaces. However, expanded polystyrene has a relatively low strength, which negatively affects its durability.

Comparative characteristics of panels with different types of insulation

Name of sandwich panels	filler type	Heat transfer resistance (kv.mS/W)	Thickness (mm)	Specific weight of filler (kg/m3)	moisture absorption
Wall	Polyisocyanurate foam
Roofing
Wall	Styrofoam
Roofing
Wall	Basalt mineral wool
Roofing

Knowing these features, it will not be difficult to choose a sandwich panel in accordance with individual requests.

Standard RAL colors

Weight

Structural mass of sandwich panels directly depends on the type and thickness of the heat-insulating layer. In addition, the density of the insulation also plays a key role. For example, for mineral wool, this indicator is 110 kg/m2, at polystyrene - 25 kg/m2. Accordingly, subject to standard sizes, the weight of wall sandwich panels with mineral wool can vary within 16-39 kg. Similar products, where foam is used as a heater, will weigh 12-17 kg.

for walls

	lining thickness, mm	panel weight, kg
50	0,5	16,03
	0,7	19,55
80	0,5	19,7
	0,7	23,22
100	0,5	22,15
	0,7	25,67
120	0,5	24,6
	0,7	28,12
150	0,5	28,27
	0,7	31,79
175	0,5	31,34
	0,7	34,86
200	0,5	34,38
	0,7	37,9

For roofing

The weight of roofing sandwich panels is 12-38 kilogram, depending on the thermal insulation layer used.

panel thickness for insulation t, mm	lining thickness, mm	panel weight, kg
50	0,5	17,4
	0,7	21,16
80	0,5	21,07
	0,7	24,83
100	0,5	23,52
	0,7	27,28
120	0,5	25,97
	0,7	29,73
150	0,5	29,64
	0,7	33,4
175	0,5	32,71
	0,7	36,47
200	0,5	35,75
	0,7	39,51

Verified manufacturers

Given the popularity of sandwich panels, there are quite a few enterprises operating in Russia that have chosen to specialize in the manufacture of this building material. Let's bring TOP 5 verified companies.

"Lissant". The company started its activity in 2008, and now has several production lines located in various regions of the country. The manufacturer uses only high-quality raw materials, the technological process is based on the use of Italian equipment. The company has repeatedly become the winner of various competitions, the products are subject to mandatory quality certification for the class ISO 9001.

OOO "Teplant". The company was founded on the basis of the Kuibyshev enterprise for the production of mineral wool products. The production of sandwich panels was established in 2001, and now it is one of the largest producers in the Russian region, supplying the market with more 6 million m2 annually.

GC "Vesta Park". The range of the company is represented by wall and roof sandwich panels of various colors. The company operates a multi-stage quality control, which allowed the company to repeatedly become a nominee for all-Russian competitions.

OOO TD "Stimet". The key advantage of the company is affordable prices for manufactured products, while maintaining European quality. Sandwich panels of this manufacturer are equipped with standard and seam lock joints, mineral wool or expanded polystyrene is used as a heat-insulating layer.

"Technostyle". The company works with 2008, the company's goal is to take a leading position in the Russian construction market. The company constantly tightens quality control of production, modernizes technological processes and uses European equipment. At the same time, the sandwich panels of this manufacturer are distinguished by affordable prices. Let out production completely conforms to the Russian and international quality standards.

It should be noted that these are not the only manufacturers of sandwich panels in Russia, however, here are the most competitive companies whose products deserve the highest ratings from consumers.

Wall sandwich panels for decoration - a variety facing materials, which have a three-layer structure. Due to their design and the materials used, such wall panels have gained popularity in decoration, as they perform several functions: decorative, protective, and heat-insulating. The very name of the sandwich (from English - a sandwich) indicates the peculiarity of the material. Its main elements are stacked on top of each other like a sandwich.

Where are sandwich panels used?

Sandwich panels were created in America in the 30s of the twentieth century. As for the domestic market, products appeared on it relatively recently. Despite this, their popularity is growing rapidly. What is the material used for:

1. Construction of garages.
2. Construction of garden houses.
3. Construction of warehouses and industrial buildings.
4. For decorative wall decoration.

Today, change houses, kiosks and shops, as well as cinemas, can be built from the material. They insulate warehouses and finished structures. In addition, it is an excellent soundproofing material suitable for creating interior partitions. Supermarkets, shopping centers, cottages and buildings, the height of which is not more than 2 floors - all this is created from panels.

Characteristics and features of the building material

Wall panels are made from different insulating materials, which are protected by rigid sheet materials. For this, PVC, polyurethane foam, mineral wool, PPS (expanded polystyrene) are used. Regardless of the type, the products are suitable for cheap and quick construction. Sandwich panel is made of 3 layers. The upper and lower are protective, most often galvanized steel is taken for it. It is corrosion resistant, temperature resistant and reliable.

Between the protective sheets is a heat-insulating material. The main requirement for him is a low coefficient of heat conductivity, resistance to moisture and durability.

Sometimes a 4th layer is added to create a sandwich panel for interior decoration. It is made from drywall. Due to this, the fire resistance of the structure is increased.

In the diagram below, you can see a similar sandwich panel in section.

The main components of which it consists:

1. Facing material (external).
2. First adhesive layer (two-component).
3. The second adhesive layer (two-component).
4. Trapezoidal mineral wool slats.
5. Facing material (internal).
6. Protective film.
7. Roof lock.
8. Mineral wool slats (structural).

Due to the composite structure, sandwich boards have many advantages. We will consider them further.

Price, dimensions and weight of sandwich panels

The cost of sandwich plates is due to several factors:

• the thickness of the sheet protective layer, on which the strength of the products depends;
• color spectrum;
• used polymer coating (pural, plastisol, polyester, PVC);
• sandwich panel thickness, minimum 50, maximum 250 mm;
• the quality of the insulation material;
• order volume - the more products ordered, the cheaper the batch will cost.

As for dimensions, manufacturers provide a variety of products. The length of the panels can reach 18 m. The width is not so diverse. On sale you can find two options: 1 m and 1.2 m. The thickness of the material depends on the layer of insulation used in production.

The weight is influenced by the type and thickness of the thermal insulator layer. The thinnest and lightest of them is PPS (expanded polystyrene). According to the standards, the thickness and weight of sandwich panels are strictly regulated. They are: with a thickness of 150 mm - 25 kg / m, with 80 mm - 20 kg / m.

As you can see, sandwich panels, their sizes and prices are interconnected. You need to calculate everything before you buy a batch.

Varieties of sandwich plates

There are several signs by which the types of decorative finishes are determined. They have different characteristics and features of use.

Scope of purpose of products

There are three groups of materials, which are divided by scope:

1. For walls.
2. For roofing.
3. Corner.

The first option is products that are mounted vertically on the wall. The outer layer is made of metal with a protective polymer coating. The color range is wide. Sheets are connected by means of a Z-lock locking system, or a thorn-groove. Thanks to it, the joints of the sandwich panels are sealed, there are no cold bridges. The insulation inside is reliably protected from moisture.

Z-lock connection

Walls made of sandwich panels are warm, reliable and beautiful. To provide additional protection, the use of sealant, additional elements, polyurethane foam or construction tape.

tongue and groove connection

Characteristics of products for walls:

• length from 1.5 to 20 m;
• width from 1 m to 1.2 m;
• thickness from 50 to 300 mm;
• thickness of metal sheets from 0.45 to 0.7 mm.

Roof panels practically do not differ from wall panels, the structure and composition are the same. The main difference in lock connection. Moisture will not penetrate under the roof in any way and will not affect its structural elements. The profile of the panels is pronounced.

Since the roof is constantly exposed to UV rays, the sandwich panels are protected from such radiation and other aggressive influences. On the surface of the anti-corrosion coating. Additional protection of joints is not required, as the products are finished.

Characteristics of roofing products:

• length from 1.5 to 20 m;
• width 1 m;
• thickness from 50 to 300 mm;
• sheet metal thickness from 0.45 to 0.7 mm.

Corner products have a narrow specialization. They are needed to protect the corners of buildings from moisture and give them best view. Fastening sandwich panels of this type is carried out on the slopes.

Type of cladding used

For cladding sandwich panels can be used:

1. Stainless steel or galvanized steel with a protective polymer coating.
2. Combined materials. One of the sheets is replaced with cement-bonded particle boards, drywall. Such panels are used in the construction of partitions.
3. Special paper, aluminum foil or polyester is used.

Type of insulation

It is the insulation layer that indicates the main parameters and features of the products. Products are made from mineral wool (MW), expanded polystyrene (EPS), polyurethane foam (PPU), polyisocyanurate foam (PIR).

Material Features:

1. Sandwich panels with MW (GOST 32603-2012). Such a heat insulator does not burn, it is environmentally friendly. Good coefficient of thermal conductivity. Disadvantages - a lot of weight and fear of moisture. Panels filled with mineral wool are used to create fireproof structures, as they are made of non-combustible basalt fiber.
2. Sandwich panels with PPS (GOST 15588-2014). The material does not harm humans and the environment. Not afraid of moisture and aggressive environment. Operation is simple. Another advantage is low cost. The disadvantage is the scanty fire resistance. Used for the construction of industrial and commercial buildings.
3. Sandwich panels with PPU (GOST 23486-79). Fine-mesh heat insulator. It has the lowest heat conductivity coefficient. True, the material is on fire. Has a high price.
4. Sandwich panels with PIR (GOST 23486-79). Improved PPU, which has fire resistance, is resistant to aggressive environments and sun rays. The coefficient of thermal conductivity is low. The scope of use is varied.

Advantages and disadvantages of sandwich panels

To understand whether to buy products for finishing or creating a room, you need to find out the advantages and disadvantages of sandwich panels. Let's start with the positives:

1. The speed of construction work. The project to create a structure can be completed in the shortest possible time.
2. Affordable price, thanks to which everyone can afford panels.
3. Providing reliable mechanical protection along with high thermal insulation properties. Thus, the installation of wall sandwich panels will solve two problems.
4. No need to additionally insulate the building, spend money, time and effort on work.
5. Plates are small in size and weight. The load on the foundation of the house is not great, so it makes no sense to strengthen it and spend a lot of money. Buildings from sandwich panels are made quite simply.
6. The installation technology does not provide for the presence of special construction equipment. The work is done by hand.
7. These are not only products for creating structures, but also materials for external decorative finishing of the facade, which allows you to save money without performing additional finishing.
8. Products are protected from moisture, sunlight, rodents and other negative influences.

However, the products are not without drawbacks, like any other materials. They are the following:

• low mechanical strength of finished structures made of sandwich panels. Although the metal protects the insulation, the building as a whole is poorly protected from mechanical stress;
• if you save on the quality of the insulation, then its thermal insulation function is reduced to nothing;
• when performing the interior decoration of the room, it is required to take into account the load on the wall panels. If it exceeds the norm, then the wall will easily collapse.

Sandwich panel installation work

In order for the work to be done qualitatively, you need to approach it responsibly. This requires professional construction knowledge and skills. Ideally, resort to hiring workers who will do everything right. But if you wish, you can do the work yourself.

To work, you need to stock up on such tools and materials:

• wall sandwich panel 100 mm or other thickness on request;
• electric drill and screwdriver;
• building level;
• profile or metal corner;
• saw with fine teeth;
• plumb;
• self-tapping screws for panels;
• grips;
• anchor bolts with gasket;
• adhesive tape;
• winch or similar mechanism;
• clamping devices;
• silicone sealant.

There are two types of installation of sandwich panels:

1. Horizontally.
2. Vertically.

As experience shows, it is better to resort to the second method if the house has a height of 3-6 m. The installation process is simple: you need to fasten the sandwich panel with self-tapping screws close to the roof and basement. The panels are connected to each other by locks.

The horizontal type of installation is easier in terms of fixing the locks. You need to start the installation process from the basement of the building. Products are attached to the frame along the edges.

The whole process can be divided into 3 stages:

1. Installing and fixing the first panel.
2. Product docking.
3. Longitudinal lock joint.

Decorative products under the brick

Especially for exterior finish were created decorative panels imitating brickwork. Paneling like this will transform your home. True, the price for such pleasure is high, not everyone can afford such material.

It is a self-supporting structure that can be used to create industrial complexes, retail outlets, sports venues and other buildings. advantage in beauty appearance strength, reliability and durability. The panels do not burn and have excellent soundproofing and heat-insulating characteristics. Resistance to wind load and compression is maximum.

Walls made of sandwich panels are light, warm, beautiful and durable. They have a unique design that allows you to decorate and insulate the house. Between the sheet materials is a heater. Due to this, the material has a lot of advantages over other analogues. And even though it has not been on our market for so long, many people already know what it is and are actively using it in private construction and for other purposes.

Frame construction is very popular in the world, regardless of climatic conditions. The technology has become widespread, in particular, due to the fact that, having sandwich panels, in just a summer you can build warm housing. Particularly popular frame houses in countries such as the US and Japan. The technology has stood the test of time and has been used on the Scandinavian Peninsula for five centuries.

Sandwich panels conquer the construction market

The word " sandwich" on English language they call a sandwich from several layers, where bread is on top and bottom. In construction, this is a material of a special design, which is used to obtain various structural elements. The term SIP panels is also found in the literature - from the English abbreviation SIP (Structural insulated panel). The basis, or frame, is a heater, which is covered on both sides with sheets of hard material.

Sandwich panels have the following advantages over their competitors:

• relatively light weight, which reduces the load on the foundation;
• high level of thermal insulation - heat saving is 10 times better than that of a brick, and 3 times higher than wood;
• protection of the premises from external noise;
• do not shrink, so finishing can begin immediately after construction is completed;
• lower energy consumption in winter;
• ease of dismantling individual plates and the possibility of replacing them or moving them to another place;
• fire resistance, since modern panels often use fireproof materials that slow down the spread of fire, which makes it possible to hang the evacuation of residents.

Less thermal energy is required to heat a building made of sandwich panels

But the material also has disadvantages:

• sandwich panels cannot match the strength of concrete and brickwork, so they are damaged by a strong impact;
• cheap materials may contain toxic and carcinogenic substances that pose a health hazard;
• when constructing buildings, proper sealing is needed, it is necessary to monitor it during operation: otherwise the walls will freeze through;
• panels do not always make it possible to build complex architectural forms;
• there is a greenhouse effect in the room, so forced or natural ventilation is needed;
• should not be on the walls. heavy shelves or other similar hanging elements;
• in such buildings there are only a few floors, one of the tallest houses from SIP panels is six-story in Japan.

Houses made of SIP panels are always low-rise

The scope of SIP is quite wide. It is used in combination with other materials - for example, for add-ons to already existing buildings, as well as for the construction of garages, warehouses, shopping and office centers, etc.

SIP panel materials

The outer layer of SIP panels is represented by the following materials:

• oriented strand board, or OSB;
• fibreboard, or fiberboard;
• stone panels;
• wood boards.

Thickness of one plate - 9–12 mm.

Used as a heater:

• expanded polystyrene;
• polyurethane foam;
• mineral wool.

SIP device

Table 1. Thermal conductivity depending on the type of filler

The more severe the climate, the lower the material should be.

Attention! When choosing a building material, you need to pay attention to quality - it should not be toxic or combustible. So, in developed countries (Japan, the EU states, the USA), boards with a formaldehyde emission level of at least the first class are used.

Several types of sandwich panels are in demand in construction:

• OSB, expanded polystyrene - has maximum strength, is popular in the construction of buildings.
• OSB and polyurethane foam - are used in industrial production, in Europe and the USA - in residential. In Russia, panels of this design are less common.
• OSB and mineral wool - these products are popular mainly in Russia. The use of this type of insulation makes SIP available to a wide range of consumers. At the same time, the quality also suffers, since the mineral wool settles over time.
• Fiberboard and expanded polystyrene are another Russian development. The disadvantage of such a panel is that it is only 60 cm wide. Therefore, more slabs are required for construction, which increases the number of joints. In addition, the fiberboard is quite heavy.
• Glass magnesite and expanded polystyrene - an innovative material in frame construction, which are also called stone SIP panels. These products are considered the safest for health and the environment. Such panels are suitable for the construction of outdoor and internal walls, especially in pools, saunas, and also near fireplaces.

Sandwich panels: advantages and disadvantages

There are other types of SIP panels, but they are technical specifications lose the listed products. For example, for internal partitions, drywall with insulation is produced. Those made of steel or fiberboard are used mainly for the construction of workshops and commercial buildings.

LSU panel made of glass magnesite

Attention! According to experts, panels with basalt additives retain heat worse than homogeneous materials.

Apart from modern materials, fillers are reeds, sawdust. Although they are environmentally friendly, in terms of performance they lose to synthetic counterparts.

The most popular in the construction of houses are SIP panels with an outer layer of OSB-3 12 cm thick. They are intended for load-bearing structures and resistant to high humidity conditions.

Table 2. Basic dimensions of sandwich panels

Prices for sandwich panels

Sandwich panels

Other types of sandwich panels

The building material has become so popular that it is now produced not only for walls and ceilings, but also for other structural elements of the building.

Roof sandwich panels

SIP panels began to be used for the construction of the roof. The material has gained popularity in this area because it is a ready-made roofing cake. If you use this design, then even additional insulation is not required. Under such a roof, you can arrange a fairly warm attic.

The framework of roofing sandwich panels is formed by sheet steel. Sheets are galvanized and coated polymeric materials, which not only give an aesthetic appearance, but also protect the metal from moisture and other adverse conditions that cause corrosion. Both polystyrene foam and mineral wool are used as insulation. The roof of SIP panels withstands a snow cap, strong wind.

Separate elements of the roof are fastened together with locks ROOF-LOCK. They provide a tight connection, and do not allow leaks at the joints.

Roof sandwich panel

SIP panels for roofs are gaining popularity for the following reasons:

• attractive exterior;
• long service life;
• resistance to external influences due to climatic conditions;
• good noise protection;
• low thermal conductivity.

Table 3. Characteristics and dimensions

Important! The slope of the roof where it is planned to build such a roof should be at least 5–7 °.

The use of sandwich panels

Sandwich panels for window slopes

SIP panels are increasingly used for mounting window slopes. They have this structure:

• outdoor decorative panel;
• a layer of polystyrene as a heater;
• guide wooden rail;
• profile F and U-shaped.

The F-shaped profile is fixed to the inner edge of the window slope - it closes the end of the structure. For this reason, there is no need to re-glue the wallpaper after installation. Under this profile lies a rail, which is adjacent to the U-shaped profile. The structure rests on it.

In this case plastic window maximum protection from street noise and drafts. When using this finish, double-glazed windows can last 20-30 years without major repairs.

Builders note the following advantages of the material:

• weight up to 1.7 kg/m2, while drywall sheet(12.5 mm) - up to 10 kg/m2;
• thermal insulation is at least 20% higher than that of GKL.

It is easier to work with this material, because it does not crumble and does not form a lot of construction debris. The face of the panel is usually covered with a material that can be washed, but without abrasive cleaners.

SIP panel for slope

But the use of this material on slopes has a number of disadvantages. So, if the side is sunny, and the coating is of poor quality, the possibility of deformation of the upper coating is not excluded. White plastic under the influence of sunlight turns yellow over time, which worsens the appearance of the window.

Slope installation - step by step instructions

The installation of the structure is carried out in the following sequence:

Step 1. Carry out measurements of the window along the contour.

Step 2 Cut out pieces of the desired size from the sandwich panels.

Step 3 On the edge window frame attach the U-shaped profile.

Step 4 Mount the sandwich panel.

Step 5 Pour the foam into the gap between the wall and the panel.

Prices for polyurethane sealant

Polyurethane sealant

Step 6 An F-shaped profile is installed on the edges of the window.

Preparing panels for work

When buying a new SIP panel, the seller should ask for a certificate of conformity. If he does not have this, it is better to look for a suitable product elsewhere.

Before starting the installation, prepare a layout scheme for the selected type of material. Particular attention is paid to the location of the castles.

Slope from sandwich panels

The panels are inspected in order to detect damage and corrosion in time. If there are such places, the material is processed or replaced with another panel. Sheets on which chips peel off, friability is noticed, they are not suitable for work. Carefully work with butt elements so that later there is no depressurization of the joints.

Since the panels are produced in the same size, they will have to be cut. For this, only cold methods are used: high temperatures may damage the insulating material or filler and shorten the service life of the structure. The inner and outer panels are not cut simultaneously, but alternately.

Depending on the material of manufacture, the following tools are used:

• polymer (plastisol, pural, etc.) - jigsaw, construction knife;
• OSB, drywall, metal - band or circular saw;
• metal - press guillotine.

To make the incision even, the panel is fixed, a clear marking of the sheet is made. The front layer is always cut first.

Attention! A grinder and other tools with a high cutting speed are not recommended. They can cause ignition of the insulation and damage to the integrity of the protective coating.

Sandwich panel house

The construction of a house from sandwich panels can often be carried out by the future tenants themselves, if they have at least basic skills in construction.

The process consists of the following steps:

• Foundation device. Suitable option choose depending on the terrain and the nature of the soil. One of the most popular options is the foundation on screw piles. Its advantages are the possibility of building the foundation of a building in 1–2 days and the affordable cost of materials and work.
• Waterproofing wooden parts with roofing felt or other similar materials.
• Installation of the lower strapping beam on which the floor is laid. When building on a screw foundation, wooden bars placed on top of piles.
• Floor laying. The front side of the SIP is processed bituminous mastic. SIP sheets are laid out around the perimeter of the future building.

SIP flooring

• Assembly of the outer walls of the first floor. First lay the bottom trim. Then they mount the walls themselves from sandwich sheets and wooden frame. After the external walls are installed, the internal floors are made. At the final stage of the first stage, the upper harness is laid.
• From above, on the walls of the first floor, SIP sheets of interfloor ceilings are installed in the same way as the floor of the first floor was made.
• The walls for the next level are built in the same way as the previous one. If the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe rooms is large, the floors between floors are reinforced with timber, preferably with the LVL marking.
• They make a roof from SIP panels.
• Install windows and doors.

Elements of a frame house

Attention! Panels are installed from the corner of the frame. Since the first sheet is the guide for all the others, it is carefully placed under the level.

Since sandwich panels have a smooth, even surface, home decoration is cheaper and takes less time. So, inside it is enough to paste over the walls with wallpaper.

Video - How to choose SIP for a cottage

Sandwich panel garage

Another building that can be built from sandwich panels is a garage.

Approximate drawing of a garage

For the construction of the premises is also enough screw foundation. But in this option it is impossible to build a viewing hole. If it is necessary, then the foundation should be tape.

Stages of building a garage:

1. Build the foundation according to the chosen technology. Concrete floor.
2. Concrete elements cover waterproofing materials- for example, two layers of roofing felt.
3. They make the frame of the garage from metal or wood, setting it from the corners, checking the strength.
4. Wood is treated with antifungal agents and antiseptics.
5. Install vertical wall panels, using self-tapping screws for their fastening at a distance of at least 5 cm from the edge, and, if necessary, metal lining.
6. Sealant is applied to the joints for waterproofing.
7. The seams between the panels are insulated and insulated - they install a basement ebb, a flashing.
8. Install doors.

Installation of flashing and reflux

Hangars and warehouses are built in a similar way.

For the construction of such premises, used SIP panels are also used, if their performance characteristics are preserved.

Video - Building a garage from sandwich panels with your own hands

Self-manufacturing of SIP panels

Since the material is very popular, there were craftsmen who learned how to make it with “handicraft methods” at home. On the one hand, the design is quite simple. On the other hand, there are many subtleties that beginners do not know about.

To make a panel, you will need:

• shell sheets (plywood, metal profile, etc.);
• insulation;
• glue.

There are two types of glue - one-component and two-component. One-component adhesive mixtures harden on contact with air. Two-component analogs consist of a polyol component and an isocyanate activator, and harden when these substances chemically react with each other.

Attention! For home production, it is recommended to use one-component adhesives. Connoisseurs claim that two-component adhesives are effective only in fully automated production.

The glue has the following requirements:

• durability (factory SIP-plates retain their properties for 50 years or more);
• the absence of toxic components that are harmful to health or the environment;
• moisture resistance;
• preservation of properties at a wide temperature range from -40 to 50 °C.

The technological process looks like this:

1. The first sheet is laid on the floor or other flat surface.
2. Apply thin polyurethane adhesive. To do this, use a special sprayer or notched trowel.
3. Install a heater.
4. Lubricate the second sheet with glue.
5. The smeared side of the second sheet is placed on the insulation.
6. Withstand the panel under the weighting compound for 2-4 hours until the adhesive is completely cured.

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

Polyurethane adhesive is applied very quickly, because it dries quickly, after which it cannot be dissolved by any products. It softens only under the influence of a temperature of 300-500 ° C, but at home it is impossible to heat the workpiece to such an extent. To ensure the desired speed of work, you will need an assistant.

Attention! The curing time of the adhesive is extended if the panels are assembled in a dry and cool environment.

As mentioned, at the last stage, a home-made SIP is sent under pressure. The pressure over the entire surface should be about 300 g/m2. For this, a press is used - as a rule, a manual protracted one, folding the finished panels one on top of the other. If there is no such mechanism, they resort to using a vacuum pump:

1. Only manufactured panels are covered with awning material so that a sealed package is obtained.
2. Air is pumped out of the "package" with a vacuum pump.
3. Leave under an awning for 40 minutes, no longer.
4. Remove the coating and allow the panels to rest for 24 hours.

The lock between the panels is made with the help of bars. To do this, on the one hand, a bar is laid along the length of the panel, on the other hand, a heater is cut to a depth corresponding to the entry of the bar.

Castle in panels

SIP panels- comfortable, modern building material. With proper handling, it can be used to build energy-efficient and durable housing, and for a reasonable price.

Today, new materials with improved qualities are used in construction. One of them are sandwich panels. What it is, will help to understand the description of the material. It has a certain set of basic characteristics. Thanks to them, the panels are very popular.

Buildings and structures are erected from sandwich panels, they are used in the arrangement of roofs and window decoration. This technology is actively used abroad. In our country, construction companies also actively use sandwich panels in the construction of project buildings. What this material is will be discussed later.

general characteristics

Sandwich panels (photo presented below) are a multilayer structure. Its basis is a layer of insulation. It can be mineral wool or extruded polystyrene foam. The first option is preferable. Mineral wool is made from natural ingredients. It does not burn, pests and fungus do not start in it.

On both sides, the insulation is covered with a glossy or matte sheet of various materials. In the construction of houses and roofs, metal sandwich panels are used. They are highly durable and lightweight. All structural elements are connected with heavy-duty glue. It is applied in industrial production. It is a strong, reliable design.

Today there are sandwich panels not only for walls and roofs, but also for windows. Their inner part is also occupied by a heater. From the outside it is covered with a layer of polyvinyl chloride. This allows you to quickly finish the slopes for windows.

Application area

Today, a popular building material is to help understand the consideration of the scope of this material. There are wall, roof and window sandwich panels.

In the first case, the material is used in the construction of external fences of the building, as well as for the construction of internal partitions. Wall sandwich panels are mounted on metal carcass. These are prefabricated buildings. It is the ease of creating such houses, speed and reliability that make the presented material in demand. Such buildings do not require a high-strength foundation, as well as heavy specialized equipment. This greatly reduces the cost and speeds up the construction process.

Also today, roofing and window trim are assembled from sandwich panels. All listed species used in the construction of industrial, industrial, administrative buildings, trade pavilions, refrigeration equipment, car washes and other similar structures. Also in the construction of private country houses technology is often used.

Advantages

Today it can be found everywhere. This technology is popular all over the world. Its advantages make houses made of sandwich panels in demand. The advantages of the material include several facts.

The presented technology allows you to build houses in almost any climatic conditions. They are created all year round in all countries of the world. At the same time, the speed of work is increased several times. During a shift, a team of fitters of 2 people, with the availability of lifting equipment, can erect up to 200 m² of structures.

Light weight and high installation speed reduce construction costs. Also, the presented buildings do not require a complex foundation. In some cases, it is possible to do without it at all. Additional finishing of sandwich panels is not required. Both from the inside and from the outside, you can leave the surface in its original form. They will look aesthetically pleasing, modern. The cost of finishing walls, roofs and windows is significantly reduced.

Flaws

Like any building material, metal, plastic sandwich panels have their drawbacks. This material cannot bear the load. Therefore, they are mounted on a special high-strength frame.

During the installation or operation of a building constructed according to the presented technology, there is a risk of damaging the outer coating of the panels. Plastic can be scratched, dents, cracks easily appear on it. Metal sheets of wall and roofing material can be concave under the influence of mechanical loads. In this case, the panel can be changed or painted.

At the joints, the panels can freeze through in severe frost. If the manufacturer does not comply with the technology for creating the presented building material, over time, the outer sheets may peel off from the insulation. Therefore, it is recommended to purchase material from trusted companies. It is impossible to save on the quality of sandwich panels.

outer layer

Sandwich panel for windows, walls or roofs include an external coating of various materials. For construction, varieties are most often used that have sheets of galvanized metal on both sides. Its thickness can vary from 0.7 to 0.5 mm. A polymer coating is applied to it. It protects the metal from various adverse environmental influences.

If the thickness of the metal is less than 0.45 mm, the use of the presented material is not recommended. Polyester is the most commonly used protective layer. The marking of the panels in this case has the letters PE.

For windows, panels with PVC outer layers are used. This is a common practice when creating such materials. It is covered with a special protective film. After installation, it is removed. This is a temporary coating that allows you to avoid the appearance of defects on the surface during installation.

insulation layer

Weight and sandwich panel thickness largely depend on the type of insulation that is used in their production. Depending on the type of inner filler, as well as thermal insulation characteristics, the inner layer can have a thickness of 50 to 300 mm. The thicker this layer, the harder the building material will be. Experienced installers do not recommend the use of panels with an insulation layer of less than 60 mm.

Most often, mineral wool or polystyrene foam is used as a heater in the production of sandwich panels. In the first case, the inner layer is made by melting basalt mineral raw materials. As a result, fibers are obtained, from which construction wool is made.

Expanded polystyrene is used everywhere as a reliable insulation. It is made from synthetic materials. Thanks to a special production technology, this material has a lot of positive qualities.

Which filler is best?

It will be minimal both when using mineral wool and expanded polystyrene. However, the difference between the presented fillers is significant.

Expanded polystyrene is made by adding gas to a synthetic base. He occupies in total mass 95-98%. This results in a lightweight, durable material. It has low thermal conductivity. However, this is an artificial material. It doesn't wick moisture well. This feature entails the development of a fungus, an increase in the level of humidity inside the room. The building needs to be equipped with high-quality forced ventilation.

Mineral wool is a material that is safe for the environment and human health. It is lightweight and durable. This material absorbs sounds well and prevents heat loss. Cotton wool contributes to the formation of a healthy microclimate in the room. This is a non-combustible material, the use of which in the construction of walls and roofs is considered preferable.

Glue

Adhesive coating is an important element sandwich panels. What it is, will become clear with a detailed consideration of the production technology of the material. Insulation and outer layers cannot be tightly connected without the use of a special fixing compound. A quality manufacturer pays high attention to the choice of adhesive.

The elements of the system are fixed by means of high-strength compounds. They are made using various technologies. Such glue most often does not contain fillers and solvents. It can be a two-component adhesive. The composition necessarily takes into account the characteristics of the material from which the insulation and the outer layers of the panel are made.

The performance of the building material depends on the adhesive coating. The fixing composition may vary depending on the conditions of the climatic zone. Therefore, when choosing panels, special attention must be paid to this parameter.

Construction of buildings

Is a simple process. You can do it yourself if you wish. To do this, the customer chooses the project of the future building. Next, a design is developed, which will consist of a frame and panels.

For small country houses, utility rooms you can not create a foundation. For residential premises, as well as shops, administrative and other facilities, it is still recommended to do it. Next up is the frame. It has openings for windows and doors. In accordance with the project, using conventional lifting equipment, the panels are mounted on the frame. Fastening is carried out according to a certain technology.

If necessary, over time, such a building can be increased. To do this, the panels on one side of the wall are dismantled. Next, the frame is added. Additional sandwich panels are installed on it. The construction process will not take much time. Small Vacation home can be created in just one day.

Having considered the features sandwich panels, what is it, as well as the main characteristics and questions when choosing, everyone will be able to correctly apply the presented technology for their own purposes.