Requirements for thermal units. Individual heating point. When adding an attic floor to an existing building, the existing waste disposal system may not be changed

According to SP 41-101-95

2.8 Individual heating points should be built into the buildings they serve and located in separate rooms on the ground floor near the outer walls of the building. It is allowed to place ITP in technical undergrounds or in the basements of buildings and structures.
2.9 Central heating points (CHP) should, as a rule, be provided separately. It is recommended to block them with other production facilities.
It is allowed to provide central heating stations attached to buildings or built into public, administrative, household or industrial buildings and structures.
2.10 When placing heat points equipped with pumps inside residential, public, administrative buildings, as well as in industrial buildings, which are subject to increased requirements for permissible levels of noise and vibration in rooms and workplaces, the requirements of Sec. 10.
2.11 Buildings of detached and attached heat points should be provided as one-story, it is allowed to build basements in them to accommodate equipment, collect, cool and pump condensate and sewerage facilities.
- lack of groundwater in the construction area and sealing of inputs engineering communications into the building of the heating point, which excludes the possibility of flooding the heating point with sewer, flood and other waters;
- ensuring gravity drainage of water from the pipelines of the heating point;
- ensuring automated operation of the equipment of the heating point without permanent attendants with emergency signaling and partial remote control from the control room.
2.12 For explosion and fire fire hazard premises of heat points should be classified as category D.
2.13 Heating points are allowed to be placed in industrial premises categories D and D, as well as in technical basements and undergrounds of residential and public buildings. At the same time, the premises of heat points should be separated from these rooms by fences (partitions) that prevent unauthorized persons from accessing the heat point.
2.14 When developing space-planning and design solutions for detached and attached buildings of heating points intended for industrial and agricultural enterprises, it is recommended to provide for the possibility of their subsequent expansion.
2.15 Heat points built into buildings should be placed at the outer walls of buildings at a distance of no more than 12 m from the exit from these buildings.
2.16 From the heat points built into buildings, exits should be provided:
- if the length of the premises of the heating point is 12 m or less and its location is less than 12 m from the exit from the building to the outside - one exit to the outside through the corridor or stairwell;
- with the length of the premises of the heating point of 12 m or less and its location at a distance of more than 12 m from the exit from the building - one independent exit to the outside;
- with a heating point room length of more than 12 m - two exits, one of which should be directly outside, the second - through a corridor or stairwell.
- Premises of heat points with a heat carrier with a steam pressure of more than 1.0 MPa must have at least two exits, regardless of the size of the room.
2.17 In underground detached or attached heat points, it is allowed to provide a second exit through an attached shaft with a hatch or through a hatch in the ceiling, and in heat points located in technical undergrounds or basements of buildings - through a hatch in the wall.
2.18 Doors and gates from the heat point should be opened from the room or building of the heat point away from you.
2.19 It is recommended to use the equipment of heat points in block design, for which it is necessary:
- accept water heaters, pumps and other equipment in prefabricated units;
- accept enlarged mounting blocks of pipelines;
- to consolidate technologically interconnected equipment into transportable units with pipelines, fittings, instrumentation, electrical equipment and thermal insulation.
2.20 The minimum clear distances from building structures to pipelines, equipment, fittings, between the surfaces of heat-insulating structures of adjacent pipelines, as well as the width of the passages between building structures and equipment (in the light) should be taken from adj. 1.
2.21 The height of the premises from the mark of the finished floor to the bottom of the protruding floor structures (in the light) is recommended to be taken at least, m:
- for ground central heating stations - 4.2;
- for underground - 3.6;
- for ITP - 2.2.
ITP design

Requirements for heat points in accordance with SP 41-101-95

When placing IHS in basements and basements, as well as in the technical undergrounds of buildings, it is allowed to take the height of the premises and free passages to them at least 1.8 m.
2.22 In the central heating point, an installation (repair) site should be provided.
The dimensions of the installation site in the plan should be determined by the dimensions of the largest piece of equipment (except for tanks with a capacity of more than 3 m3) or a block of equipment and pipelines supplied for installation in assembled form, with a passage around it of at least 0.7 m.
For the production of minor repairs of equipment, instruments and fittings, a place should be provided for installing a workbench.
2.23 Condensate tanks and storage tanks with a capacity of more than 3 m3 should be installed outside the premises of heat points in open areas. At the same time, thermal insulation of tanks, the installation of hydraulic seals built directly into the tank, as well as the installation of fences with a height of at least 1.6 m at a distance of not more than 1.5 m from the surface of the tanks, preventing unauthorized persons from accessing the tanks, should be provided.
2.24 For the installation of equipment, the dimensions of which exceed the dimensions of the doors, in ground heating points, installation openings or gates in the walls should be provided. At the same time, the dimensions of the mounting opening and the gate must be 0.2 m larger than the dimensions of the largest equipment or pipeline block.
2.25 It is not required to provide openings for natural lighting of heating points.
2.26 Inventory lifting and transport devices should be provided for moving equipment and fittings or integral parts of equipment blocks.
- with a mass of transported cargo from 150 kg to 1 t - monorails with hand hoists and crampons or cranes suspended manual single-girder;
- the same, more than 1 to 2 t - single-girder manual overhead cranes;
- the same, more than 2 tons - single-girder electric overhead cranes.
It is allowed to provide for the possibility of using mobile small-sized lifting and transport vehicles, provided that the entry and movement of vehicles through the heating point is ensured.
Means of mechanization can be specified by the design organization when developing a project for specific conditions.
2.27 For water runoff, floors should be designed with a slope of 0.01 towards the drain or catchment pit. The minimum dimensions of the catchment pit should, as a rule, be at least 0.5 x 0.5 m in plan, with a depth of at least 0.8 m. The pit should be covered with a removable grate.
2.28 In the premises of heat points, it is necessary to provide for the finishing of fences with durable, moisture-resistant materials that allow easy cleaning, while it is necessary to perform:
- plastering of the ground part of brick walls;
- grout cement mortar recessed part of concrete walls;
- jointing of panel walls;
- whitewashing of ceilings;
- concrete or tiled floors.
- The walls of heating points are covered with tiles or painted to a height of 1.5 m from the floor with oil or other waterproof paint, above 1.5 m from the floor - with adhesive or other similar paint.
2.29 In heating points, open laying of pipes should be provided. It is allowed to lay pipes in channels, the top of the overlap of which is combined with the level of the finished floor, if these channels do not allow explosive or combustible gases and liquids to enter the heating point.
- Channels must have removable covers with a unit weight of not more than 30 kg.
- The bottom of the channels should have a longitudinal slope of at least 0.02 towards the catchment pit.
2.30 For maintenance of equipment and fittings located at a height of 1.5 to 2.5 m from the floor, mobile or portable structures (platforms) should be provided. In cases where it is impossible to create passages for mobile platforms, as well as for servicing equipment and fittings located at a height of 2.5 m or more, it is necessary to provide stationary platforms 0.6 m wide with fences and permanent stairs. The distance from the level of the stationary platform to the ceiling must be at least 1.8 m.
2.31 In the premises of heat points it is allowed to place equipment of systems for domestic and drinking and fire-fighting water supply of the building, including pumping units, and in the premises of attached and built-in heat points - also equipment for supply ventilation systems serving industrial premises of categories C, D, D for explosion and fire hazard and administrative premises.

According to SNiP 23-03-2003 "PROTECTION FROM NOISE":

11.6 To prevent the penetration of increased noise from engineering equipment into other areas of the building, the following should be done:
- ... apply in ITP floors on elastic foundation(floating floors);
- apply enclosing structures of rooms with noisy equipment with the required sound insulation.
11.7 Floors on an elastic foundation (floating floors) should be made over the entire area of the room in the form of a reinforced concrete slab with a thickness of at least 60 - 80 mm. As an elastic layer, it is recommended to use fiberglass or mineral wool boards or mats with a density of 50 - 100 kg/m3. With a material density of 50 kg / m3, the total load (weight of the plate and unit) should not exceed 10 kPa, with a density of 100 kg / m3 - 20 kPa;
9.13 The floor on the soundproof layer (pads) should not have rigid connections (sound bridges) with the bearing part of the ceiling, walls and other building structures, i.e. must be floating. Wooden floor or floating concrete base floors (screed) should be separated along the contour from the walls and other structures of the building by gaps 1-2 cm wide, filled with soundproofing material or product, for example, soft fiberboard, porous polyethylene moldings, etc.;

2.2. Technical requirements for heat points and storage tanks hot water

Heat points

2.2.1. Thermal points of enterprises are divided into central (CTP) and individual (ITP).

The construction part of the premises of heat points must comply with the requirements of the current SNiP.

The premises of the heat point must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation.

2.2.2. In the heat point, equipment, fittings, control, management and automation devices should be placed, through which the following are carried out:

transformation of the type of coolant or change of its parameters;

control of coolant parameters;

accounting of thermal energy, coolant and condensate consumption;

regulation of coolant flow and its distribution among heat consumption systems;

protection of local systems from emergency increase in coolant parameters;

filling and make-up of heat consumption systems;

collection, cooling, return of condensate and control of its quality;

thermal energy storage;

water treatment for hot water systems.

2.2.3. For enterprises with more than one heated building, a central heating station is required. At enterprises that have their own heat sources, the CHP can be equipped at the heat source.

For each building, an ITP is required, in which the equipment necessary for its connection to the heating network, as well as equipment that is absent (not installed) in the central heating network, must be installed.

2.2.4. Schemes for connecting consumers of thermal energy to water heating networks in heating points should ensure the minimum specific consumption of network water and save thermal energy.

2.2.5 . In heating points, valves must be installed that separate the pipelines of the heating point from heat networks, and valves on each branch from distribution and collection manifolds.

2.2.6. In the heat points of water heating networks, devices must be installed to release air from the highest points of all pipelines and to drain water from the lowest points of water and condensate pipelines.

2.2.7. On the supply pipeline at the entrance to the heating point, on the return pipeline in front of the control devices and metering devices for water and heat energy consumption, devices (mud collectors) for mechanical purification of network water from suspended particles should be installed.

2.2.8. In thermal points there should not be jumpers between the supply and return pipelines and bypass pipelines of elevators, control valves, mud collectors and devices for metering the flow of coolant and thermal energy.

It is allowed to install jumpers in the central heating station between the supply and return pipelines with the obligatory installation of two sequentially located gate valves (valves) on them. Between these valves (valves) a drainage device connected to the atmosphere must be made. The fittings on the jumpers under normal operating conditions must be closed and sealed.

Steam traps must have discharge pipelines with shut-off valves installed on them.

2.3.9. Water treatment to protect against corrosion and scale formation of pipelines and equipment of hot water supply systems connected to heating networks through water heaters should, as a rule, be carried out in the central heating center. At the same time, its quality must comply with GOST 2874-82 "Drinking water. Hygienic requirements and quality control."

2.2.10. In closed heat supply systems at the central heating station of the enterprise, it is allowed to install a water meter on the bypass of the return pipeline valve to control the density of the heat network.

2.2.11. Thermal units must be equipped with fittings with valves (valves), to which it is possible to connect water supply and compressed air lines for flushing and emptying heat consumption systems. During normal operation, the water supply line from the heating unit must be disconnected.

The connection of drainage outlets to the sewer must be made with a visible gap.

2.2.12. Heat points of steam heat consumption systems, in which the calculated steam pressure is lower than the pressure in the steam pipeline, must be equipped with pressure regulators (pressure reducing valves). After the pressure reducing valve, a safety valve must be installed on the steam line.

2.2.13. In the heat point of the steam heat consumption system, start-up and operational drainage devices must be equipped.

2.2.14. The central heating system of the water heat consumption system must be equipped with the following instrumentation:

indicating pressure gauges on the supply and return pipelines before and after the inlet valves, on each supply pipeline after the valves on distribution manifold, on the suction and discharge pipes of each pump;

indicating thermometers on the common supply and return pipelines, on all return pipelines in front of the collection and return manifolds;

registering flow meters and thermometers on the supply and return pipelines;

thermal energy consumption metering devices.

2.2.15. ITP of the water heat consumption system must be equipped with the following instrumentation:

indicating pressure gauges on the supply and return pipelines after the valves;

indicating thermometers on the supply and return pipelines after the inlet valves, on the mixed water supply pipeline after the elevator or mixing pump;

flow meters on the pipeline supplying water to the hot water supply system and on the circulation line (in open heat supply systems).

In addition, the IHS of the water heat consumption system must be equipped with:

fittings for pressure gauges on the supply and return pipelines before the valves, on all branches of the supply pipeline after the valves and after the mixing device;

sleeves for thermometers on all return pipelines from individual heat-consuming systems or individual parts of these systems to valves.

2.2.16. Heat points of the steam heat consumption system must be equipped with the following instrumentation:

registering and summing steam flow meters;

registering and indicating pressure gauges and thermometers on inlet steam pipelines;

summing flow meters, indicating pressure gauges and thermometers on condensate pipelines;

indicating manometers and thermometers before and after pressure reducing valves.

2.2.17. Heating points should be equipped with automation equipment, which should provide:

regulation of thermal energy consumption in heat consumption systems (heating, ventilation and air conditioning, in technological installations);

limiting the maximum consumption of network water for consumers;

set temperature water in the hot water supply system;

required pressure in heat consumption systems with their independent connection;

the specified pressure in the return pipeline or the required water pressure drop in the supply and return pipelines of heating networks;

protection of heat consumption systems from increased pressure and water temperature in case of exceeding the permissible limiting parameters of the coolant;

switching on of standby pumps when the working ones are switched off;

stopping the water supply to the tank when the upper level is reached in it and stopping the analysis of water from the tank when the lower level is reached;

prevention of emptying of heat consumption systems.

storage tanks

2.2.18. Storage tanks must be manufactured according to specially developed projects.

On all newly introduced and operated storage tanks, external reinforcing structures must be installed to prevent the destruction of the tanks.

2.2.19 . The working volume of storage tanks, their location on heat sources, in heat networks must comply with SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings".

2.2.20. The use of standard oil product storage tanks to replace existing storage tanks is prohibited.

2.2.21. Anti-corrosion protection of storage tanks must be carried out in accordance with the "Guidelines for the protection of storage tanks from corrosion and water aeration" (M., SPO "Soyuztekhenergo", 1981).

2.2.22. The rooms in which the storage tanks are installed must be ventilated and illuminated. The load-bearing structures of the premises must be made of non-combustible materials. Under the tanks it is necessary to provide pallets.

2.2.23 . Storage tanks must be equipped with:

pipeline for supplying water to the tank with a float valve. A shut-off valve must be installed in front of each float valve;

outlet pipeline;

overflow pipe at the height of the maximum permissible water level in the tank. The capacity of the overflow pipe must be at least the capacity of all pipes supplying water to the tank;

drain (drainage) pipeline connected to the bottom of the tank and to the overflow pipe, with a gate valve (valve) on the connected section of the pipeline;

drainage pipeline for draining water from the sump;

circulation pipeline to maintain, if necessary, a constant temperature of hot water in the tank during breaks in its analysis. A check valve with a gate valve (valve) must be installed on the circulation pipeline;

air (vest) pipe. The cross section of the windpipe should ensure free entry into the tank and free release of air or steam from it (if there is a steam cushion), excluding the formation of a vacuum (vacuum) when pumping water from the tank and increasing pressure above atmospheric when filling it;

equipment for monitoring the water level, signaling the limit levels with the output of signals to the premises with the constant presence of personnel on duty, as well as with interlocks, which should ensure: a complete cessation of the water supply to the tank when the upper limit is reached, the inclusion of backup pumping pumps when the working pumps are turned off , switching the main power source of the equipment associated with storage tanks to a backup one in the event of a power failure at the main source;

instrumentation for measuring water temperature in tanks and pressure in inlet and outlet pipelines;

thermal insulation protected by a cover layer from the effects of atmospheric factors.

2.2.24. All pipelines, with the exception of drainage, must be connected to the vertical walls of storage tanks with the installation of compensating devices for the estimated draft of the tank. Design solutions for connecting pipelines to the tank should exclude the possibility of transferring force from these pipelines to its walls and bottom.

2.2.25. Valves on the water supply pipeline to each tank and dividing valves between tanks must be electrically driven. Gate valve electric drives must be located outside the zone of possible flooding in such a way that in the event of an accident on one of the tanks, the other parallel tanks operating in parallel can be promptly disconnected from it.

2.2.26. In order to avoid uneven settlement of the sandy base of the tanks, devices must be provided for the removal of surface and ground water.

2.2.27. A group of tanks or a stand-alone tank must be fenced with an earthen rampart at least 0.5 m high and at least 0.5 m wide at the top. , and a blind area should be made around the tank. In the space between the tanks and the fence, water should be drained into the sewerage system. Around the tanks located outside the territory of the source of heat or the enterprise, a fence must be provided with a height of at least 2.5 m and prohibition signs must be installed.

Below are the requirements of regulatory documents regarding the premises of a heat point. This list of requirements is not exhaustive and will expand over time. The technical requirements for the Premises of the heat point were taken from the regulatory documentation regulating the design, installation and operation of engineering systems of residential and public buildings and may differ from similar rules for objects of other purposes.

DBN V.2.5-39 Heating networks

Clause 16.5 - Chapter 16 Heat points

In the premises of heat points, the location of equipment for sanitary systems of buildings and structures is allowed.

In heating substations built into residential buildings, only pumps with an acceptable (low) noise level should be installed.

Clause 16.20 - Chapter 16 Heat points

A ladder should be installed in the floor of the heating point, and if gravity drainage of water is not possible, a drainage pit with a size of at least 0.5x0.5x0.8m should be equipped. The pit should be covered with a removable grate.

It is allowed to arrange the descent of water not into a pit or ladder of a heating point, but into special containers.

A single drain pump should be used to pump water from a catchment pit to a sewer, downspout, or associated drain.

The pump intended for pumping water from the catchment pit is not allowed to be used for flushing the heat consumption system.

SNiP 2.04.01 Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings

Clause 12.3 - Chapter 12 Pumping installations

Pumping units that supply water for household, fire-fighting and circulation needs should, as a rule, be located in the premises of heating points, boiler rooms and boiler rooms.

Clause 12.4 - Chapter 12 Pumping installations

Locate pumping units (except for firemen) directly under residential apartments, nurseries or group rooms of kindergartens and nurseries, classes general education schools, hospital premises, working rooms of administrative buildings, auditoriums educational institutions and other similar premises is not allowed.

Pumping units with fire-fighting pumps and hydropneumatic tanks for internal fire extinguishing may be located in the first and basement floors of buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance made of non-combustible materials. At the same time, the premises of pumping units and hydropneumatic tanks must be heated, fenced off with fire walls (partitions) and ceilings, and have a separate exit to the outside or to the stairwell.

Notes:

1. In some cases, in agreement with the local bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service, it is allowed to locate pumping units near the listed premises, while the total noise level in the premises should not exceed 30 dB.
2. Premises with hydropneumatic tanks should be located directly (next to, above, below) with rooms where a large number of people can stay at the same time - 50 people. and more (auditorium, stage, dressing room, etc.) is not allowed. Hydropneumatic tanks are allowed to be located in technical floors. When designing hydropneumatic tanks, the requirements of the "Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Pressure Vessels" of the USSR Gosgortekhnadzor should be taken into account. In this case, the need to register hydropneumatic tanks is established by paragraphs 6-2-1 and 6-2-2 of these Rules.
3. It is not allowed to locate fire-fighting pumping units in buildings where the power supply is interrupted during the absence of maintenance personnel.

SNiP 2.04.05 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning

Clause 10.8 - Chapter 10 Space-planning and design solutions

In case of centralized heat supply of buildings, they must be provided with premises for individual heat points, which must meet the requirements of the norms for the design of heat networks. To accommodate electronic devices for commercial accounting of heat consumption, it is necessary to provide premises protected from unauthorized access that meet the requirements for the operation of these devices.

8.1 Automated individual heating points (ITP) equipped at the inputs of heat networks to the building should be provided for buildings with an estimated heat consumption for the heating period of 1000 GJ or more with the ability to control the release of heat for heating in them in separate technological zones and facades, characterized by the same type the influence of external (sun, wind) and internal (heat dissipation) factors. Heat supply for heating, ventilation and hot water systems should be provided through separate pipelines from the heating point.

8.2 IHS built into the buildings they serve should be designed taking into account SP 124.13330*. It is allowed to combine ITP with premises of ventilation and air conditioning installations. ITP should be placed near the outer wall with an exit from the room directly to the outside or to the exit to the outside along the corridor no further than 12 m.

_________________

The height of the ITP premises should be less than 2.2 m from the floor to the bottom of the protruding structures. Engineering systems of the building must have automatic or manual control of air temperature.

With a centralized supply of cold and hot water, electricity, gas and heat, and if there are several groups of premises in the building belonging to different organizations or owners, each group of premises must be equipped with autonomous meters for energy and water consumption.

Heat supply of a building or separate groups of premises can be carried out from centralized, autonomous or individual heat sources in accordance with SP 60.13330 and SP 89.13330.

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* Currently, there is no information in official sources about the adoption of this document, mentioned hereinafter in the text. - Database manufacturer's note.

8.3 Separate branches of water heating systems with disconnecting devices outside these rooms are provided for the following rooms:

- conference hall;

- a dining hall of canteens with industrial premises attached to them (in case of conference rooms with up to 400 seats and dining halls of canteens with up to 160 seats, when placing them in the total volume of the building, it is allowed not to provide separate branches);

- auditorium, including stage;

- stage (universal stage);

- vestibule, foyer, corridors;

- dance hall;

- small halls in the buildings of theaters, clubs, including the stage;

- libraries with a fund of 200 thousand items or more (for reading rooms, lecture halls and storage facilities);

- retail trade enterprises (for unloading premises and trading floors with an area of 400 m² or more);

living quarters in public buildings.

8.4 Heated floors should be provided on the ground floor of all types of group preschools, as well as in bedrooms and locker rooms in preschools, medical and social organizations for children with a violation of the musculoskeletal system. The average room temperature should be maintained within 23 °C.

8.5 It is recommended to use radiators as heating devices for stage heating in theaters and clubs. At the same time, heating devices should be placed no higher than 0.5 m above the level of the stage board on the back wall of the stage or rear stage.

8.6 Removal of air from school classrooms should be provided through recreational facilities and sanitary facilities, as well as through exfiltration through external glazing, taking into account the requirements of SP 60.13330. At supply ventilation with mechanical stimulation or decentralized inflow in classrooms, natural exhaust ventilation should be provided at the rate of a single or more air exchange per 1 hour.

With air heating, exhaust ducts from the classrooms are not provided.

8.7 For air heating in school buildings, combined with ventilation, automatic control of systems should be provided, including maintaining the design temperature and relative humidity in the premises during working hours within 40-60%, as well as ensuring non-school hours the air temperature is not lower than 15 °C.

8.8 In schools with up to 200 students, ventilation without an organized mechanical inflow is allowed.

8.9 Supply and exhaust ventilation systems should be provided separately for the premises of the visual and club complexes, the premises for servicing the stage (stage), as well as administrative and utility premises, workshops and warehouses.

In cinemas with continuous film screenings, general leisure clubs and clubs with a total capacity of up to 375 people, this separation of systems may not be provided.

8.10 In the depositories of rare books and manuscripts, as well as in the depositories of libraries with a fund of 1 million items or more, and in the depositories of archives of group I, air conditioning should be provided.

8.11 In the storage of valuable documents and depositories, according to the requirements of storage conditions, air conditioning of the 3rd class should be provided.

8.12 In reading rooms, lecture halls and storage rooms of scientific libraries with a fund of 200 thousand units of storage or more, it is allowed to use air heating combined with supply ventilation or an air conditioning system.

8.13 In storage rooms, archives with a capacity of more than 300 thousand storage units, as a rule, air heating combined with supply ventilation or an air conditioning system should be used. Water heating should be provided in the remaining premises of the archive buildings.

8.14 For storage rooms, reading rooms and lecture halls in library buildings with a fund of 200 thousand units of storage or more, separate supply ventilation systems should be provided.

8.15 In public libraries with a fund of up to 50 thousand storage units, when placing a zone of reading places together with a zone of book collections and serving readers in the same room and in archives with a capacity of up to 300 thousand storage units, natural ventilation is allowed at the rate of at least a single air exchange.

8.16 For lecture halls, reading rooms and library storages, exhaust ventilation with a natural impulse is allowed.

8.17 It is allowed to provide a single supply ventilation system for all premises, with the exception of conference rooms, premises of public catering establishments, cinema and battery rooms, for each of which it is necessary to provide independent supply ventilation systems.

8.18 For rooms not equipped with a mechanical supply ventilation system, opening adjustable vents or air dampers for supplying outside air should be provided, located at a height of at least 2 m from the floor.

8.19 Independent exhaust ventilation systems should be provided for the following premises:

- bathrooms and smoking rooms;

- premises of catering establishments;

- premises for industrial and technical purposes and warehouses;

- laboratories, including educational and other premises in accordance with the requirements of SP 60.13330.

8.20 Exhaust ventilation from the bedrooms of sanatoriums and recreation facilities is recommended to be provided with a natural impulse.

In the living rooms of recreation facilities for the climatic region, it is recommended to provide mechanically driven exhaust ventilation.

8.21 Removal of air from living rooms and rooms with bathrooms should be provided through the bathrooms with the installation of overflow grilles in the lower part of the bathrooms.

8.22 In the storage of valuable documents and depositories, according to the requirements of storage conditions, air conditioning of the 3rd class should be provided.

8.23 Exhaust ventilation with natural induction may be provided in the premises of buildings with an estimated number of less than 300 people and a height of 1-3 floors.

8.24 To ensure regulatory requirements in terms of permissible water pressures for sanitary appliances, rational use of water and energy resources, it is necessary to provide for:

pumping units with adjustable drive (engine speed);

single-zone water supply scheme with the installation of floor pressure regulators.

8.25 The hydrostatic pressure in the system of domestic drinking and domestic fire-fighting water supply at the level of the lowest located sanitary appliance should be no more than 4 atm. In the system of household fire-fighting water supply, for the duration of fire extinguishing, it is allowed to increase the pressure to no more than 6 atm at the level of the lowest located sanitary appliance.

8.26 The hydrostatic head at the level of the lowest fire hydrant in the separate fire water supply system, as well as in circuits where fire risers are used to supply transit household and drinking water to the upper floor (in circuits with upper wiring), should not exceed 9 atm per fire fighting mode.

8.27 Requirements for the internal fire water supply of buildings of cultural and entertainment institutions, libraries, archives and sports facilities are given in.

8.28 The installation of grease traps at the outlets of industrial effluents should be provided for the following catering establishments:

working on semi-finished products - with the number of seats in the halls of 500 or more;

working on raw materials - with the number of seats in the halls of 200 or more.

Food units of preschool and educational institutions are equipped with grease traps according to the design assignment.

8.29 Public buildings should provide for a system of garbage disposal and dust collection, temporary (within sanitary standards) storage of garbage and the possibility of its removal.

In public buildings and complexes, the arrangement of pneumatic waste disposal systems should be determined by the design task based on the technical and economic feasibility of their operation.

The means of removing debris from the building must be linked to the cleaning system adopted in the locality where the building is located.

8.30 Garbage chutes (in the absence of a pneumatic waste disposal system) should be provided in buildings:

3-storey and higher buildings of higher educational institutions, hotels and motels for 100 beds or more;

5-storey and higher buildings for other purposes.

Measures for the organization and installation of garbage chutes are given in ( SP 31-108-2002 Garbage chutes for residential and public buildings and structures).

The need for the installation of garbage chutes in other public buildings is established by the design task.

When adding an attic floor to an existing building, the existing waste disposal system may not be changed.

The entrance of the garbage collection truck must be provided to the doors of the garbage chamber of the building. If it is impossible to organize an entrance directly to the waste collection chamber, it is necessary to provide a place (platform) for placing waste containers.

For buildings that are not equipped with garbage chutes, a garbage collection chamber or utility site (necessarily with a hard surface) for separate collection of garbage should be provided.

8.31 A centralized or combined vacuum dust collection system should be provided in buildings:

- theaters, concert halls, museums;

- reading and lecture halls, book depositories of libraries for 200 thousand units of storage and more;

- stores with a sales area of 6500 m² or more;

- hotels, sanatoriums, recreation and tourism institutions, hospitals of medical institutions for 500 beds or more;

- in specialized buildings with increased sanitary and hygienic requirements (on the assignment for designing in medical institutions).

The need for a central or combined vacuum dust collection system in other buildings should be established by the design task.

8.32 For a combined vacuum dust collection system, the service radius of one inlet valve should be no more than 50 m.

8.33 In the absence of centralized or combined dust collection, the arrangement of the filter cleaning chamber for vacuum cleaners is determined according to the design assignment.

8.34 Structural solutions of building elements (including the location of voids, methods of sealing the places where pipelines pass through structures, ventilation openings, placement of thermal insulation, etc.) should provide protection against the penetration of rodents.

9 Durability and maintainability

9.1 The design of the building must take into account the preservation of the strength and stability of the supporting structures for the period specified in the design assignment, subject to systematic maintenance, compliance with the rules of operation and repair of the building.

9.2 Structures, parts and finishing materials must be made of materials that are resistant to possible effects of moisture, low and high temperatures, aggressive environments and other adverse factors, or protected in accordance with SP 28.13330.

9.3 It is necessary to provide measures to protect the building from the penetration of rain, melt, groundwater into the thickness of the supporting and enclosing structures of the building, as well as the formation of condensation moisture in the external enclosing structures or through the ventilation device closed spaces or air gaps. In accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents, the necessary protective compounds and coatings.

9 .4 Butt joints of prefabricated elements and multilayer structures shall be designed to withstand temperature deformations and forces arising from uneven subsidence of foundations and other operational impacts. The sealing and sealing materials used in the joints must retain their elastic and adhesive properties when exposed to negative temperatures and when wet, and be resistant to ultraviolet rays. Sealing materials must be compatible with the materials of protective and protective-decorative coatings of structures at their interface.

9.5 It should be possible to access the equipment, fittings and devices of the engineering systems of the building and their connections, as well as to the load-bearing elements of the building cover for inspection, maintenance, repair and replacement.

Appendix 2

Typical requirements for premisesfor placement of metering units for thermal energy of consumers

Premises for the placement of metering stations for thermal energy of consumers must comply with the requirements established by the following regulatory documents:

1. JV "Design of heat points" (Introduction date
01.07.1996);

2. Rules for accounting for thermal energy and coolant (approved by order
Ministry of Energy of Russia dated 01.01.2001 No. VK-4936);

3. Rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants
(approved by the order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia);

4. Rules for the installation of electrical installations;

5. SNiP 2.04.07-86* Heating networks (with Amendments No. 1,2) (approved
Decree of the Gosstroy of the USSR dated 01.01.2001 No. 75).

The heat energy metering unit is equipped at a heat point owned by the consumer.

Individual heating points (hereinafter referred to as ITP) must be built into the buildings they serve and located in separate rooms on the ground floor near the outer walls of the building. It is allowed to place ITP in technical undergrounds or in the basements of buildings and structures.

Buildings of detached and attached ITPs should be provided as one-story, it is allowed to build basements in them to accommodate equipment, collect, cool and pump condensate and sewerage facilities.

Separately standing ITPs are allowed to be underground, provided:

Absence of groundwater in the area of placement and sealing of inputs
engineering communications to the building of the heating point, excluding
the possibility of flooding the heating point with sewer,
flood and other waters;

Ensuring gravity drainage of water from pipelines of thermal
item;

Ensuring automated operation of thermal equipment
point without permanent service personnel with emergency
alarm and partial remote control with
control room.

According to the explosion and fire hazard, the premises of heat points should be classified as category D.

Heat points are allowed to be placed in industrial premises of categories D and D, as well as in technical basements and undergrounds of residential and public buildings. At the same time, the premises of heat points should be separated from these rooms by fences (partitions) that prevent unauthorized persons from accessing the heat point.

In the premises of heat points, the finishing of fences with durable, moisture-resistant materials that allow easy cleaning should be provided, while the following work should be performed:

Plastering of the ground part of brick walls;

Jointing of panel walls;

Ceiling whitewashing;

Concrete or tiled floors.

The walls of the heating points must be covered with tiles or painted to a height of 1.5 m from the floor with oil or other waterproof paint, above 1.5 m from the floor - with adhesive or other similar paint.

From the heat points built into buildings, exits should be provided:

a) with a length of the premises of the heating point of 12 m or less and
its location at a distance of less than 12 m from the exit from the building to the outside
- one exit to the outside through the corridor or stairwell;

b) if the length of the premises of the heating point is 12 m or less, and
its location at a distance of more than 12 m from the exit from the building - one
independent exit;

c) if the length of the premises of the heating point is more than 12 m - two
exit, one of which should be directly outside, the second -
through a corridor or stairwell.

In underground, detached or attached heat points, it is allowed to place a second exit through an attached shaft with a hatch or through a hatch in the ceiling, and in heat points located in technical undergrounds or basements of buildings - through a hatch in the wall

Doors and gates from the substation must be opened from the premises or building of the heat substation away from you.

Dimension doorway ITP should provide free passage of personnel.

All passages, entrances, exits must be lit, free, safe for movement.

The passage between the equipment, pipelines must ensure free passage of personnel and be at least 0.6 m. Transition platforms must be arranged through pipelines located at or above the floor level.

The height of the premises from the mark of the finished floor to the bottom of the protruding floor structures (in the light) is recommended to be at least 2.2 m.

When placing IHS in the basement and basement rooms, as well as in the technical undergrounds of buildings, the height of the rooms and free passages to them is at least 1.8 m.

For water drainage, floors should be designed with a slope of 0.01 towards the drain or catchment pit. The minimum dimensions of the catchment pit should be at least 0.5 x 0.5 m in plan, with a depth of at least 0.8 m. The pit should be covered with a removable grate.

In heating points, open laying of pipes should be provided. It is allowed to lay pipes in channels, the top of the overlap of which is combined with the level of the finished floor, if these channels do not allow explosive or combustible gases and liquids to enter the heating point.

Channels must have removable covers with a unit weight of not more than 30 kg.

The bottom of the channels should have a longitudinal slope of at least 0.02 towards the catchment pit.

For maintenance of equipment and fittings located at a height of 1.5 to 2.5 m from the floor, mobile or portable structures (platforms) should be provided. In cases where it is impossible to create passages for mobile platforms, as well as for servicing equipment and fittings located at a height of 2.5 m or more, it is necessary to provide stationary platforms 0.6 m wide with fences and permanent stairs. The distance from the level of the stationary platform to the ceiling must be at least 1.8 m.

The minimum distance from the edge of the movable supports to the edge of the supporting structures (traverses, brackets, support pads) of the pipelines should ensure the maximum possible displacement of the support in the lateral direction with a margin of at least 50 mm. In addition, the minimum distance from the edge of the traverse or bracket to the axis of the pipe must be at least 1.0 Dy (where Dy is the nominal diameter of the pipe).

The distance from the surface of the heat-insulating structure of the pipeline to the building structures of the building or to the surface of the heat-insulating structure of another pipeline must be at least 30 mm in the light, taking into account the movement of the pipeline.

The laying of the water pipeline must be carried out in one row or under the pipelines of the heating networks, while the thermal insulation of the water supply must be performed to prevent the formation of condensate on the surface of the water pipes.

In heating points, the supply pipeline must be located to the right of the return pipeline (along the flow of the coolant in the supply pipeline) when laying pipelines in one row.

For heat points, supply and exhaust ventilation should be provided, designed for air exchange, determined by heat emissions from pipelines and equipment. Estimated air temperature in working area in the cold season should be taken no higher than 28 ° C, in the warm season - 5 ° C higher than the outside temperature.

In the premises of heat points, it is necessary to carry out measures for the destruction of insects, rodents (disinfestation, deratization).

Requirements for thermal units. Individual heating point. When adding an attic floor to an existing building, the existing waste disposal system may not be changed

ITP design

Requirements for heat points in accordance with SP 41-101-95

According to SNiP 23-03-2003 "PROTECTION FROM NOISE":

Heat points

storage tanks

DBN V.2.5-39 Heating networks

SNiP 2.04.01 Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings

SNiP 2.04.05 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning

_________________

The height of the ITP premises should be less than 2.2 m from the floor to the bottom of the protruding structures. Engineering systems of the building must have automatic or manual control of air temperature.

With a centralized supply of cold and hot water, electricity, gas and heat, and if there are several groups of premises in the building belonging to different organizations or owners, each group of premises must be equipped with autonomous meters for energy and water consumption.

Heat supply of a building or separate groups of premises can be carried out from centralized, autonomous or individual heat sources in accordance with SP 60.13330 and SP 89.13330.

_________________

* Currently, there is no information in official sources about the adoption of this document, mentioned hereinafter in the text. - Database manufacturer's note.

8.3 Separate branches of water heating systems with disconnecting devices outside these rooms are provided for the following rooms:

- conference hall;

- a dining hall of canteens with industrial premises attached to them (in case of conference rooms with up to 400 seats and dining halls of canteens with up to 160 seats, when placing them in the total volume of the building, it is allowed not to provide separate branches);

- auditorium, including stage;

- stage (universal stage);

- vestibule, foyer, corridors;

- dance hall;

- small halls in the buildings of theaters, clubs, including the stage;

- libraries with a fund of 200 thousand items or more (for reading rooms, lecture halls and storage facilities);

- retail trade enterprises (for unloading premises and trading floors with an area of ​​400 m² or more);

living quarters in public buildings.

8.5 It is recommended to use radiators as heating devices for stage heating in theaters and clubs. At the same time, heating devices should be placed no higher than 0.5 m above the level of the stage board on the back wall of the stage or rear stage.

With air heating, exhaust ducts from the classrooms are not provided.

8.8 In schools with up to 200 students, ventilation without an organized mechanical inflow is allowed.

8.9 Supply and exhaust ventilation systems should be provided separately for the premises of the visual and club complexes, the premises for servicing the stage (stage), as well as administrative and utility premises, workshops and warehouses.

In cinemas with continuous film screenings, general leisure clubs and clubs with a total capacity of up to 375 people, this separation of systems may not be provided.

8.10 In the depositories of rare books and manuscripts, as well as in the depositories of libraries with a fund of 1 million items or more, and in the depositories of archives of group I, air conditioning should be provided.

8.11 In the storage of valuable documents and depositories, according to the requirements of storage conditions, air conditioning of the 3rd class should be provided.

8.12 In reading rooms, lecture halls and storage rooms of scientific libraries with a fund of 200 thousand units of storage or more, it is allowed to use air heating combined with supply ventilation or an air conditioning system.

8.13 In storage rooms, archives with a capacity of more than 300 thousand storage units, as a rule, air heating combined with supply ventilation or an air conditioning system should be used. Water heating should be provided in the remaining premises of the archive buildings.

8.14 For storage rooms, reading rooms and lecture halls in library buildings with a fund of 200 thousand units of storage or more, separate supply ventilation systems should be provided.

8.16 For lecture halls, reading rooms and library storages, exhaust ventilation with a natural impulse is allowed.

8.17 It is allowed to provide a single supply ventilation system for all premises, with the exception of conference rooms, premises of public catering establishments, cinema and battery rooms, for each of which it is necessary to provide independent supply ventilation systems.

8.18 For rooms not equipped with a mechanical supply ventilation system, opening adjustable vents or air dampers for supplying outside air should be provided, located at a height of at least 2 m from the floor.

8.19 Independent exhaust ventilation systems should be provided for the following premises:

- bathrooms and smoking rooms;

- premises of catering establishments;

- premises for industrial and technical purposes and warehouses;

- laboratories, including educational and other premises in accordance with the requirements of SP 60.13330.

8.20 Exhaust ventilation from the bedrooms of sanatoriums and recreation facilities is recommended to be provided with a natural impulse.

In the living rooms of recreation facilities for the climatic region, it is recommended to provide mechanically driven exhaust ventilation.

8.21 Removal of air from living rooms and rooms with bathrooms should be provided through the bathrooms with the installation of overflow grilles in the lower part of the bathrooms.

8.22 In the storage of valuable documents and depositories, according to the requirements of storage conditions, air conditioning of the 3rd class should be provided.

8.23 Exhaust ventilation with natural induction may be provided in the premises of buildings with an estimated number of less than 300 people and a height of 1-3 floors.

8.24 To ensure regulatory requirements in terms of permissible water pressures for sanitary appliances, rational use of water and energy resources, it is necessary to provide for:

pumping units with adjustable drive (engine speed);

single-zone water supply scheme with the installation of floor pressure regulators.

8.27 Requirements for the internal fire water supply of buildings of cultural and entertainment institutions, libraries, archives and sports facilities are given in.

8.28 The installation of grease traps at the outlets of industrial effluents should be provided for the following catering establishments:

working on semi-finished products - with the number of seats in the halls of 500 or more;

working on raw materials - with the number of seats in the halls of 200 or more.

Food units of preschool and educational institutions are equipped with grease traps according to the design assignment.

8.29 Public buildings should provide for a system of garbage disposal and dust collection, temporary (within sanitary standards) storage of garbage and the possibility of its removal.

In public buildings and complexes, the arrangement of pneumatic waste disposal systems should be determined by the design task based on the technical and economic feasibility of their operation.

The means of removing debris from the building must be linked to the cleaning system adopted in the locality where the building is located.

8.30 Garbage chutes (in the absence of a pneumatic waste disposal system) should be provided in buildings:

3-storey and higher buildings of higher educational institutions, hotels and motels for 100 beds or more;

5-storey and higher buildings for other purposes.

Measures for the organization and installation of garbage chutes are given in ( SP 31-108-2002 Garbage chutes for residential and public buildings and structures).

The need for the installation of garbage chutes in other public buildings is established by the design task.

When adding an attic floor to an existing building, the existing waste disposal system may not be changed.

The entrance of the garbage collection truck must be provided to the doors of the garbage chamber of the building. If it is impossible to organize an entrance directly to the waste collection chamber, it is necessary to provide a place (platform) for placing waste containers.

For buildings that are not equipped with garbage chutes, a garbage collection chamber or utility site (necessarily with a hard surface) for separate collection of garbage should be provided.

8.31 A centralized or combined vacuum dust collection system should be provided in buildings:

- theaters, concert halls, museums;

- reading and lecture halls, book depositories of libraries for 200 thousand units of storage and more;

- stores with a sales area of ​​6500 m² or more;

- hotels, sanatoriums, recreation and tourism institutions, hospitals of medical institutions for 500 beds or more;

- in specialized buildings with increased sanitary and hygienic requirements (on the assignment for designing in medical institutions).

- retail trade enterprises (for unloading premises and trading floors with an area of 400 m² or more);

- stores with a sales area of 6500 m² or more;