Stairs to the second floor in a private house: types and secrets of installation. Formulas for the correct staircase Where to place the stairs to the second floor

A really good staircase is both beautiful and comfortable at the same time. Before you place the stairs to the second floor in the house, in no case should you neglect the technical requirements and standards for the sake of only the external beauty of the product.

Functions

No matter how attractive such a design would be, if safety standards are not observed, its use will be highly undesirable. Thus, such a structure in a private house performs three main functions:

• constructive;
• utilitarian;
• decorative.

To connect the floors of the house to each other, a staircase structure is constructed in the room. At the same time, it must have:

• strength;
• Safety.

However, one should not forget that such structures are at the same time an important element of the interior, which cannot be hidden or veiled.

Accommodation

At the stage of designing a staircase structure, it is necessary to think about its future placement and design features. It depends on this appearance and room layout. The features of this piece of furniture can significantly affect the location of the hall and entrances to the rooms, as seen in the photo. Here are the main tasks that need to be solved during the creation of a staircase structure so that it meets the conditions of comfort and harmonizes with the interior of the room:

• how to fill the free space in front of the stairs;
• how convenient to place the beginning and end of the structure;
• how to organize sufficient lighting.

When considering the design of the premises, it is necessary to consider:

• the size of the stairway in the ceiling between floors;
• as well as the method of its installation and support.

structures made of concrete or natural stone can have a decent weight, so you need to think about how to provide additional strength to beams and ceilings.

concrete structures

Concrete stairs are a constructive component of any private house, so they are built already at the construction stage:

• if the room does not differ in spacious dimensions, the staircase structure is built in between the main walls;
• in the case when the staircase is light in weight, it is mounted at the last stage of construction, namely during finishing.

Relatively light weight differ wooden or metal products.

Spacious hall

At all stages of creating a ladder structure, you need to take care of its safety, which can be achieved if the following conditions are met:

• correct calculation of all the necessary parameters of the final product: the angle of ascent and descent, the width of the staircase and turntables;
• ensuring reliable fencing of the product and its platform;
• proper organization of staircase lighting even in the absence of natural light sources, as shown in the photo.

Right choice

To position the ladder in optimal location certain factors must be taken into account. They are:

• area of ​​the room;
• layout of rooms;
• and vertical connection design.

A small private house with limited space is unlikely to fit a large solid construction. It needs a lot of space, and a house of this size does not have it. Therefore, for small room it will rationally stop at the choice of a wall structure or a neat screw structure placed in the corner of the room.

To maintain the silence of the living room, it is better to place the staircase in a room far from it. For example, in the hallway. This is to provide the owners with privacy and a relaxing holiday over a cup of tea. Indeed, in order to find yourself in the rooms of the second floor, you do not need to go through the daily zone.

For additional comfort, it is better to build the exit of the structure on the second floor in a common corridor. Thus, by climbing the stairs, it will be possible to go to all the rooms. But if the design leads to a private room, then such a project of a private house will be irrational, as can be seen in the photo.

A similar way to save money can turn a private room into a walk-through room.

Summing up

Thus, in order to ensure comfortable living and safe use of the stairs, each stage of its creation must be approached with special responsibility.

To understand how best to arrange a wooden or metal structure to the second floor and use the space below it, you should figure out what structures exist in principle.

The staircase in an apartment or house differs in its configuration quite strongly. And depending on the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room, one or another design is chosen for the second floor.

by the most simple option a wooden straight single-flight staircase with comfortable steps that carry out the ascent to the second floor without uncomfortable turns is considered. This design is characterized by large dimensions, but also great safety.

A variant of such a staircase design is also considered the easiest to create with your own hands. The most important and obvious disadvantage is its bulkiness. However, in order to save space in the house and not to burden the interior, various modifications of the structure are used. It may have a twist. Perfectly saves the space of the house, the option of a staircase structure to the second floor with a turn of 90 degrees. It can also be made at an angle of 180 degrees. The only nuance that should be taken into account is that in this case the structure will have to be equipped with winder steps, and this will slightly complicate the creation of stairs with your own hands.

Where and how to arrange the stairs to the second floor depends on its elements. Usually the design has steps, a frame and a railing. Frames may vary depending on the design of the stairs and the material of their manufacture. They are made in the form of stringers, bowstrings or a support post, if it is spiral staircases.

The frame in the form of stringers is two beams in the form of a ladder, on which steps are installed. They can also be straight, in which case the steps are fixed to them with the help of fillies. Stringers in the form of a ladder are perhaps the most common option when creating wooden structure stairs. Such frames are the most ergonomic, so if you want to place a mid-flight ladder, then you need to use them in the design. However, it is important to keep in mind that they are less durable than, for example, bowstrings or braids with fillies. They are not suitable for large stairs.

A more compact design will be obtained by creating a flight of stairs on one central stringer. Usually it is made of metal. Span planning:

In addition to stringers, there is another option for fastening steps - bowstrings. This frame consists of two beams, usually made of wood, into which steps are inserted into specially made grooves. Stairs to the second floor on bowstrings take up a little more space than on stringers.

If there is not enough space in the house, then spiral staircases will be a good option. Their structures are equipped with winder steps leading to the rooms on the second floor along a pre-calculated radius. It is rather difficult to create it with your own hands, since a serious and complex calculation of the stairs in the house is required. But it is this option that is preferable to place in a house with a small area. Spiral staircases have another advantage over straight flight of stairs: they look very nice and can become a real decoration of the living space. A support column with winder steps fixed on it serves as a frame. Ideas on how to plan the layout of spans:

The ladder on the bolts is good combination positive qualities flight of stairs straight and spiral. This design is a marching version, the steps of which are attached to the bolts. Usually it does not have a frame or is equipped with it only on one side.

What to do when you want to save space small house and at the same time make an interesting version of the design of stairs to the second floor with your own hands? You can pay attention to the design of the tree "duck step". It can be located even in very small spaces, because it allows you to combine safety and ease of lifting even with its steep slope. This is achieved due to the special structure of the steps, one part of which is created narrow and the other wide.

What determines the compactness of the ladder structure?

In addition to the competent choice of the construction option, the correct calculation of the stairs in the house, in which it will be reliable and compact, can help save interior space.

How convenient it will be to place it in the house depends on the angle of its inclination. The smaller it is, the more compact the design, but at the same time, the more dangerous it is to lift. The most comfortable angle of inclination is considered to be 30-40 degrees, but in this case the design of the flight of stairs will take up a lot of space. Alternatively, make it with a 90 degree angle and place it next to the wall. However, if you create a goose step staircase with your own hands, then it may well be located in the house at an angle of 55-60 degrees.

The width and height of the steps of the structure can also determine the convenience of the location of the stairs in the interior. But in this case, it is worth remembering that there are ideal parameters that determine the convenience of lifting. The optimal step height is 17 cm, and the width is 29 cm.

If you are going to place a straight flight of stairs in your house, you will need straight steps, which are very easy to do yourself. To save space, when spiral staircases or straight stairs to the second floor with a turn are more suitable, you will need to know how winder structures are made. These elements differ in that their width is not the same, and in shape they resemble a trapezoid.

The width of the flight of stairs should not be less than 80 cm. The optimal size is a width equal to 90-100 cm. Anything wider will eat up the usable space of the house. Too narrow a march will be inconvenient and not safe for climbing.

How to arrange the stairs in the house?

To understand how much space the structure will take, it is necessary to make a competent calculation of the stairs and find out how and where it is better to place it.

For example, screw structures with winder steps will occupy an area equal to its diameter.

When calculating, it is necessary to find out how many steps the structure will have. To do this, its height must be divided by the height of the steps. The height of the structure is equal to the sum of the distance from the floor to the ceiling of the first floor and the ceiling.

If the length of the staircase structure is too large, then it will be very difficult to fit it into the interior of the house. To do this, it will need to be divided into two parts and make a turn with winder steps or a platform. In this case, the length of the structure will be equal to the sum of the distance between the marches and the product of the number of lifting elements and their length. The calculation of the staircase with a turn also includes the width of the overall structure, which is the sum of the distance between its two parts. This distance should not be less than seven centimeters.

In total, you can understand how much the structure will take up space in the house and how best to arrange it, by calculating its area. To do this, the found values ​​\u200b\u200bin the form of length and width should be multiplied.

Naturally, it is more convenient to place the structure leading to the second floor in the hall of the house. However, not every home is spacious. If the hall is large, then the stairs in a private house can be made longer and wider. IN small space it is better to place it near the wall in the corner of the room. In this case good option in terms of ergonomics and interior design, the design on the bolts will become. It is fixed to the wall without taking up much space.

For those who consider the staircase not only in terms of convenience of location, but also the teachings of Feng Shui, you can also highlight some of the rules for its installation.

Firstly, the lifting structure should not be located in the center of the room and not in front of the entrance, but away from it. This is due to the fact that with this arrangement of the structure, energy flows can freely move around the country house.

Secondly, on the second floor, the structure should not rest against the door. In extreme cases, the door simply should not be closed.

Thirdly, Feng Shui experts advise placing the structure in the southwest, west or south. It is forbidden to build it in the northeast, which can provoke a loss of money.

If feng shui is not for you useful instruction, then in the center of the hall, screw structures will look especially good.

Usually the stairs leading to the second floor are located in the corridor. In the living room, it will look relevant only if the room is really large. Otherwise, it will take up useful space, which will make the room crowded. On the other hand, this does not apply to expensive and beautiful stairs, the purpose of which is to decorate the interior. The location of the building should be thought out to the smallest detail.

A lifting structure in an apartment is not common, but if the living space consists of two tiers, then you cannot do without it. In an apartment, it is better to use lightweight options that will save space as much as possible. Suitable ladders on the bolts or narrow march options on the stringers. It should fit perfectly into the interior of the apartment, since usually in such a living space the overall design is formed from each building or thing in the apartment.

With its location, it is important to consider the safety of the ascent. It is associated not only with correct calculation all its elements, but also in additional measures that need to be taken. For example, if the building will be located in a rather dark side of the house, then it is important to consider lighting. Although the best option will be its location by the window. In the evening, you can highlight the stairs led strip. It adds color to any interior.

When organizing the safety of stairs, it is important to consider the material from which it is made. For example, if the steps are made of metal or glass, then you can easily slip on them. Therefore, it is best to put special silicone liners on them. Wooden structures are often carpeted.

How to organize the space under the stairs?

If you decide that your house will have a direct one-march structure to the second floor, then you will have many options for arranging the space under it.

• You can arrange comfortable spot for relaxation by placing a sofa and a small bookcase, or you can create a small office by placing a table and chairs under the stairs.

In some cases, if space allows, small bathrooms are organized under a wooden or concrete staircase. Usually they do this in order to save space. If a wooden staircase will pass next to the kitchen, then under it they often organize dining area. In this case, cabinets can be built into the frame of the staircase itself so as not to load the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe kitchen.

By the way, under such a staircase, if you make a niche in it beforehand, you can conveniently place an extra bed in the interior.

If the house will have a direct structure with several marches, then the space under it can also be used in various ways. Under the building in the corridor, you can organize a dressing room by placing a shoe rack or a small closet. The design with several marches against the wall allows you to use the space more rationally. You can organize the space with the same sofa, table and lots of shelves.

Curvilinear structures with winder steps take up a lot of space in the interior, but even in this case, the space under them can be used quite rationally. For example, install a bookcase.

But if the design is screw, then it will not work to organize anything under it. Usually large pots with plants are placed under them.

When locating stairs in different rooms of the house, it is important to keep in mind some placement difficulties. So, when placing it near the toilet or when placing the bathroom under the structure, you need to carefully consider the wiring. When placed in the corridor, it is necessary to consider lighting. But the wooden staircase in the kitchen should be protected from fumes and odors.

Access to the second floor from the stairs should be convenient. But the design itself must also be beautiful in order to fit well into the interior. Its location will help to choose the design of the structure.

Much in this case depends on the material. IN wooden house a common option is a wooden staircase. Metal structures can also look good if they have forged elements in the form of railings. If the general concept of interior design inside the house is hi-tech or minimalism, then glass stairs will be ideal. However, the structure can be made from several options. The frame and railings are often made of metal, while the steps are made of wood.

Construction two-storey houses more preferably in a small area of ​​land. During construction, some building materials are saved, and the functionality of such buildings is much higher. Very important point in the construction of two-story houses is the drawing up of a plan and the designation of stairs on it, without which existence in the house would be meaningless.

The project of a two-story cottage with the original location of the stairs

Let's try to understand the drawings of stairs for private houses and find out where and how best to install them.

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Information to help you plan your home

Anyone who has ever held in their hands a staircase to the second floor can build with their own hands Building tools. However, before proceeding with the construction, it is necessary to understand the building codes and regulations that govern the design and installation of stairs to the basement. Here are some excerpts from SNiP 2.08.01-89:

• The width of flights of stairs should not be less than 90 centimeters;
• The number of steps in one march should be in the range of 3-18 steps inclusive;
• The recommended slope of the stairs should be: 1:1.25; 1:1.5;
• The designation of various types of stairs can be freely found on the Internet if you plan to draw them on the plan on your own.

Scheme of the design and device of the stairs

A staircase in a residential building should not impair the comfort of residents, therefore, if there are children and elderly people among the residents, then the steps should be made of a small height, otherwise moving from floor to floor will be unbearable for them. It is very important that the plan provides for a hatch to the attic that is sufficient in size.

It must be understood that the smaller the opening, the steeper the ladder should be placed. Steep structures, as a rule, are installed in summer cottages, where traffic from floor to floor is not too intense, but for residential buildings such stairs can cause discomfort to residents.

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Varieties of stairs

By design, the following types of stairs are distinguished:

• Marching straight lines;
• Marching with a turn;
• Screw;
• Curvilinear.

Let's consider each type in more detail and find out their functional features.

Marching stairs

Scheme of the device of the flight ladder

These stairs leading to the second floor are the most common and familiar in our opinion, however, they require the most usable area in the house. If, during the design, the flight of stairs is too long, then the plan and the designation on it of the stairs are divided into several parts, and at the same time it is converted into a turning one.

Turning stairs are divided into L-shaped and U-shaped. In the first case, the turn between marches will be a right angle, and in the second case - 180 degrees. To make the stairs more compact, the space between the flights is equipped with a step, which slightly reduces the comfort when moving. You should choose a specific option, taking into account the plan of the house and its design features.

Device of a spiral staircase

Such stairs are considered the most compact, and can be made from both wood and metal.

Existing types and types of stairs

Spiral marches allow such stairs to be placed literally on several square meters plan of a private house. In addition, the device of the spiral staircase looks very attractive and gives the interior a special look. Among the shortcomings, some difficulties in operation can be noted due to the fact that the steps are running.

When creating a plan for a spiral staircase, it should be understood that it will not be possible to transport bulky cargo to the second floor along it, and also that you cannot equip the place under it in a useful way.

In relation to residential private houses, the design of a spiral staircase is rarely used. Much more often, it is erected as an interior decoration or another place for transporting people to the upper level. It is also worth noting that with the help of a screw structure, two-story country houses and temporary residences.

Finished metal spiral staircase project

The designation of a spiral staircase is somewhat different from what other types of stairs have, therefore, if the plan of the house is done by hand, you need to understand this issue by studying the relevant SNiP.

Curved stairs

This type of staircase is a hybrid between a spiral staircase and a flight staircase. By design, they, like a spiral staircase, provide winders, however, their turn is not so steep, which is more convenient when driving.

The designation of curved stairs occupies the plan of the house much less than marching ones, however, the complexity of their manufacture is higher. These stairs look very attractive and allow you to give the interior a sophisticated look. In addition, the space under the structure can be used to a greater extent.

A really good staircase is both beautiful and comfortable at the same time. Before you place the stairs to the second floor in the house, in no case should you neglect the technical requirements and standards for the sake of only the external beauty of the product.

Functions

No matter how attractive such a design would be, if safety standards are not observed, its use will be highly undesirable. Thus, such a structure in a private house performs three main functions:

However, one should not forget that such structures are at the same time an important element of the interior, which cannot be hidden or veiled.

Accommodation

At the stage of designing a staircase structure, it is necessary to think about its future placement and design features. It depends on the appearance and layout of the room. The features of this piece of furniture can significantly affect the location of the hall and entrances to the rooms, as seen in the photo. Here are the main tasks that need to be solved during the creation of a staircase structure so that it meets the conditions of comfort and harmonizes with the interior of the room:

Structures made of concrete or natural stone can be quite heavy, so you need to think about how to provide additional strength to beams and ceilings.

concrete structures

Concrete stairs are a constructive component of any private house, so they are built already at the construction stage:

• if the room does not differ in spacious dimensions, the staircase structure is built in between the main walls;
• in the case when the staircase is light in weight, it is mounted at the last stage of construction, namely during finishing.

Relatively light weight differ wooden or metal products.

Spacious hall

At all stages of creating a ladder structure, you need to take care of its safety, which can be achieved if the following conditions are met:

A small private house with limited space is unlikely to fit a large solid construction. It needs a lot of space, and a house of this size does not have it. Therefore, for a small room, it is rational to stop at the choice of a wall structure or a neat helical structure placed in the corner of the room.

Construction of a two-story private house, cottage or cottage - profitable solution to expand living space. To save usable space in such buildings, small-sized stairs are installed. Such designs differ in the number of steps and the forms of marches. Wherein compact ladder to the second floor must meet the requirements of practicality and safety.

Stylish and compact staircase configurations

Small stairs are installed to save usable space. In their manufacture, they make it so that the steps are located as close to each other as possible, but it is convenient to move along them. It is necessary to carefully approach the choice of model in order to install the safest design in your home.

Even such a compact staircase can look very organic.

Special meaning has the shape of the opening and its width. The choice of the type of construction of small dimensions depends precisely on these indicators. The dimensions of the steps and are the main data that should be considered. It is important to figure out which types of structures are best suited for small spaces.

Single-march

Single-march models are the simplest. However, when installing such stairs to the second floor, you can save space. The minimum required space for a 3-meter floor height is 80x180 cm.

Designers decide for this on various non-standard solutions. For example, these include models in which the treads are narrowed on each side.

Stair structures with one march can also be folding and retractable.

Swivel

Models with turns of marches are installed in a corner or against a wall. The platforms in them play the role of an element necessary for a turn. Turns are performed by 90° or 180°. Double-flight stairs do not take up much space, but climbing and descending them is quite convenient. Winder steps in such cases are simply irreplaceable. The minimum occupied space at a 3-meter floor height is 160x180 cm.

A good corner solution for a small area

Thanks to the installation of such a structure, the narrow passage to the second floor is more elegant. In comparison with direct marches, when moving, you have to change the direction of movement. There are other differences as well:

1. Compactness. They do not take up much space, while the parameters remain optimal.
2. Convenience - it is convenient to move along them even with a large object in your hands.
3. Aesthetics. Corner products look interesting and neat.
4. Safety. According to this indicator, rotary products are safer than screw ones.

screw

Small-sized screw models are popular today. These structures are installed both in multi-level apartments and in country houses. The ease of use of such structures lies in the observance of the rules of ergonomics - the movement up and down is comfortable, and no dead zones are created under the steps. It is more profitable to place such a staircase to the second floor of the house in a small area. The minimum plan dimensions for a floor height of 3 m are 130x130 cm.

Steps are attached to a vertical rack in a spiral. One of the main advantages of screw products is the elegance of forms. They are made of metal or wood - in any case, they are able to fit into a modern interior.

However, screw products have their drawbacks. For example, if a person carries a large object in his hands, it will be uncomfortable to go down. Wooden models give the house an atmosphere of comfort.

folding

If you have to go upstairs infrequently, it is better to install in country house folding type structure. It is perfect for the attic. Its advantage is the ability to fold if necessary. Small-sized retractable models are attached to the hatch on the ceiling. You can easily tilt the structure, and then push it back. For maintenance of the attic, a folding design is ideal.

It is allowed to install such a model in any area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house. Its choice depends only on the location of large-sized furniture. In addition, the installation of a folding model does not affect the interior.

There are several varieties of such products:

• telescopic;
• retractable;
• folding;
• sectional.

The width is usually close to that of conventional side structures. As a rule, it is 60-65 cm. With a large slope, it will be possible to go down it only with your back forward.

When choosing suitable type designs of small dimensions look at the overall design of the room. The main thing is that it is durable, ergonomic and safe. Such a small staircase for giving is mounted where the attic is rarely used. It is effective to install such structures in houses with a ceiling height of up to 3 m.

Small Solutions

If it is necessary to install a ladder that would not “hide” the space and be as convenient as possible, pay attention to small-sized structures. There are several types of such products that can meet the requirements of practicality and reliability.

Modular designs

When installing modular lifts on the second floor, you can experiment with the interior and choose various options assemblies. They can be made by hand, which is the main advantage. Modular designs are screw, spiral, L- and U-shaped. They may also be rounded. The modular system allows you to give the stairs any shape in terms of, and adding the right number of elements allows you to gain an arbitrary height.

Install them in openings of different widths and lengths. It is important to install the modular staircase correctly - the safety of the residents depends on it. At the same time, attention is paid to the residence of persons with handicapped- children and the elderly.

Choose a modular staircase with a small opening to the second floor in accordance with the following recommendations:

1. Before choosing, measure the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room and find out the dimensions of the opening.
2. It is better if the structure is equipped with a railing that will ensure the safety of movement.
3. For ease of ascent and descent, stairs without risers are chosen - this ensures comfort when setting the foot.
4. The design of the structure is created taking into account the general style of the room.

With small platforms and compact turns, it is easy to save living space. First, pay attention to the safety of the product, and only then - to its appearance. Modular structures are installed in a house where you need to move quickly between floors. Often this design is chosen for installation in a bath.

Staircase "goose step"

Among the single-march structures, it is worth highlighting the goose step staircase. It does not take up space, but also does not restrict movement when ascending and descending. When resizing a run, it is important to maintain the optimal step width and slope range. If even when choosing extreme values, it is not possible to create an ascent to the second floor, it is not worth saving space for arranging stairs.

The design difference is the alternate narrowing of the tread on each side. This allows you to create comfort when moving, while leaving the length of the march relatively small.

This design can be the highlight of the whole interior.

The goose step ladder is designed for comfortable movement in confined spaces. For such models, the optimal slope is 50 ° - 60 °. Their width is reduced to 60-80 cm. At the same time, the ratio of the height of the riser and the width of the tread in such designs is rather unusual. If you transfer it to an ordinary single-flight staircase, moving along it would be unsafe.

Important Convenience and Safety Issues

When installing stairs to the second floor small house it is important to combine the design with the background style of the interior. There are also some requirements to take into account:

• compact dimensions;
• safety;
• travel comfort.

The design should not be too steep - no more than 60 °. The slope is calculated based on the possibility of its use by children and the elderly. It is better to equip the structure with railings. The coating is chosen so as not to slip on it when moving. If the stairs are made of polished stone, you can lay a carpet on it.

Often, structures have to be made with a large slope - up to 75 ° degrees. At the same time, a rather large depth of steps is set. To increase the convenience and safety of the stairs, you can use the installation of handles that you can hold on to when going up and down.

Safety regulations:

• starting from the first meter, the stairs are equipped with a fence 90 cm high;
• gaps between railing posts should not exceed 10 cm;
• the width of the tread should be sufficient for comfortable setting of the foot - 25-30 cm;
• for the convenience of grasping the hand, the handrails are created with optimal diameter- 32-60 mm;
• all steps must be the same height.

Optimal dimensions fences and handrails

When designing a staircase to the second floor, it is important to take care not only of its ergonomics, but also of its functionality. Therefore, such structures are created according to individual drawings. You can do the calculations yourself with the help of free

In houses with several floors, a staircase is a necessary building and decorative element. The staircase in the house should be functional, but at the same time combined with the main style in the interior. It is very important that the stairs are safe. To do this, before buying, you need to study the types of stairs, the materials from which they are made, as well as the types of structures. Stairs are divided into different types. It depends on their functional load, purpose, as well as on the style of execution.

Most houses have several floors. That is why stairs are installed in them. Today, consumers can choose from a wide variety of ladders. Different types are installed in houses various types. Their choice often depends on the size of the house and the style in which the interior is executed.

Stairs should be selected taking into account the size of the room, as well as the convenience of their use in it.

For example, spiral staircases look very nice, but in most cases they are installed in houses with a small area. They are not very convenient when rearranging furniture, but they bring charm and elegance to the interior. Mid-flight stairs are installed in houses with a large area, but they are avoided in small houses.

Types of stairs:

• screw. They are good to install indoors to save living space. For correct installation you need to calculate the size of the space. To correctly calculate the size of the stairs, you must take into account the size of the steps.
• marching. Such stairs are designed taking into account the mechanics of movement. That is why they are very functional and easy to use. They are ideal for installation in houses with a large area.
• On the Bolts. The ladder has such a name due to the fact that its main elements are fastened with bolts during installation. This type ladders are convenient and expedient to install in small rooms. They keep it compact.

Each type of stairs has its own characteristics and characteristics. If a renovation is planned in a house with several floors, it is important to know the points that will help you choose suitable option stairs for a specific room. You should also carefully consider the choice of materials and methods of fastening, since the safety of movement on the stairs largely depends on them.

How to install a ladder in the corner of the house

You can place the ladder anywhere. But it is important to consider the size of the room and the functional features of the stairs. Massive and multi-level structures are usually placed in the very middle of the room. Such a staircase acquires not only a functional, but also a decorative function.

If the house does not have a very large area, it is better not to clutter up the space, but to place the structure in the corner of the room.

In order for the staircase to be functional and at the same time safe, when installing the structure with your own hands, it is important to take into account the angle of its inclination. It is important to consider that if you make a gentle staircase, it will take up more space than a steep staircase, which can become a source of injury. To climb to the second or third floor, it is important to position the stairs as correctly as possible, as well as choose the most convenient and safe design for this.

What quantities should be taken into account in the design process:

• The height of the building;
• The length of the projection on the horizontal;
• Tilt angle;
• Amount of elements;
• riser height;
• Tread width.

The height of the structure placed in the corner will correspond to the distance between the floors. In this case, it is important to consider the width of the upper overlap. The length of the horizontal projection is determined by more than complex method. To do this, you need to determine the number of steps, their height and width. It is important to consider the fact that the installation of stairs for garden house and the apartment will be significantly different. Ideas for installing stairs of various types can be found on the Internet on specialized sites.

The device of the stairs in the house: structural elements

The design of any staircase consists of basic elements connected to each other. Various designs suggest the presence or absence of some of the elements, each of which fulfills its purpose. Knowing the basics of designing stairs will allow you to make and place the structure yourself.

Depending on the type of ladder steps, one step may have different sizes about two ends.

When choosing a design and its elements, it is important to pay attention to their quality. Digging must guarantee the quality of each element from which the structure will be assembled. If the choice has become between two types of structures, you need to choose the one that is the least dangerous type and the most functional.

The main elements of the ladder structure:

• steps. They are formed by tread and riser. When choosing a tread, it is important to consider the size of the foot and the convenience of its placement on it. Take measurements beforehand. The riser is the vertical part of the step, but it may be missing.
• support beams. They serve as the basis for fastening the steps. It is divided into three types. They can be a kosour, bowstring or pole. The first two options are suitable for the construction of mid-flight stairs, and the last one is for a spiral view.
• railing. Allows you to safely climb stairs. They are characterized by two parts. The first part is the handrail, the second is the balusters.

An example of how all elements of a ladder structure are formed into one can be found on the Internet. When installing the structure, you can seek help from a professional master who will calculate the dimensions of the elements and their relationship to each other. After all the calculations have been made, you can proceed with the installation of the ladder structure.

How to install stairs in the house: the choice of location and material

The stairs are different. They can be installed outside, for example, on the facade. And you can install inside the house between floors. In many ways, the choice of stairs is initially influenced by the construction of the house. There are norms that must be followed when choosing the type of stairs and installing them.

Professionals advise making a choice of design and material even before building a house. For example, in a house made of timber or in a log building, it is best to install a wooden staircase.

After choosing a design, it is important to determine the installation location. To do this, you should take into account the size of the room, the place where the exit from it is located, as well as the heating system, which should be placed at a safe distance from the stairs. Depending on the area of ​​the room, the ladder can be placed in the middle of the room or in its corner.

Installation of stairs on the example of a screw structure:

• Decide on the materials from which the steps will be made. They can be wood, concrete or stone. Wooden and concrete steps can be made independently. But the stone steps will have to be made to order. Modern production offers a variety of options and types of stone steps.
• Install vertical stand. Depending on the design of the stairs, the rack can be type-setting or solid.
• Step extension. To do this, the finished steps are strung on a special pipe, and a clamp is made on top with a wider sleeve. After installation, the steps are bred with a fan. Vertical brackets will strengthen the structure.
• Railing installation. It is important that the handrails are curvilinear, and the balusters are made of solid material.

After installing the stairs, cleaning is necessary - it will not take much time. Should not be given great importance installations different types stairs. It is important to decide on the type of structure in your home. It is important that the stairs are made of good materials.

Modular staircase in the house 6 by 6

When choosing a staircase, it is important to pay attention to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. For a 6x6 house, you can choose a modular staircase design. This type of stairs is widely used due to its ergonomics and ease of assembly.

Before proceeding with the installation of the structure, it is necessary to draw up a drawing of the interior of the room. This will help you choose the most suitable place for the stairs.

Modular stairs can be placed in the middle of the room or on the side. You can equip the hall with the help of a modular design yourself. Due to the ergonomics, modular structures can be installed anywhere, change the distance between the steps and adjust the height of the steps.

Advantages of modular designs:

• Design variability;
• Easy transportation and installation;
• Possibility to make a purchase online;
• Self collection.

The pricing policy of modular stairs is diverse, as the designs differ in the quality of the materials and the complexity of the designs. Nasha Ladder LLC offers customers a wide selection of high-quality structures according to affordable prices. The company has a high reputation among consumers. Depending on the style in the interior, you can choose a ladder of a certain color. Black, white, wooden, etc. are presented to the attention of buyers. design.

The location of the stairs depends on its type. One of the easiest views to install is the stairway. The reliability and aesthetics of the stairs depends on the quality of the installation.

It will not be a problem to install a mid-flight ladder yourself, but it is important to strictly follow the instructions and not violate the sequence of actions, since it will take a lot of time to redo the ladder.

A marching staircase is usually placed in the center of the room, although it can also be attached to a corner. Each specific staircase must be installed individually, since the installation largely depends on the area and purpose of the room. The staircase will not only be functional, but will also help ennoble the space and decorate it.

Step by step installation:

• Make treads and risers.
• Create support beams.
• Install beams.
• Mount steps.
• Place handrails.

A beautiful marching staircase can decorate not only apartments and residential buildings, but kindergartens, hospitals. And here is the entrance apartment building decorate with concrete stairs. When an idea arises to build a house with several floors, it is important to immediately decide on the type of staircase and its location.

Staircase to the house on the first floor

In two storey building can not do without the installation of stairs. This structure involves high walls, which affects the location of the stairs in duplex apartment or home. Installation of stairs in residential buildings requires compliance with the norms (SNiP) and rules for the installation of stairs.

Decorating a house with a staircase is important not only in terms of functionality, but following the rules of Feng Shui, you can harmonize the space by placing the stairs in the right place.

Variants of such design can be found on the Internet. The decor of the stairs can be made in different style. It is important to determine the color of the stairs so that the space is harmonious, the curtains should be combined with the style and color of the stairs or contrast harmoniously with them. If the staircase is dark, it is better to make the curtains light.

Stair groups:

• household;
• Ramps;
• Attached;
• Evacuation.

When installing, it is important to observe the angle of inclination. You can deviate from the rules if the building has a very small area, for example, a garage. But a slope of 23 degrees, when the stairs are almost lying, is not at all suitable for installing stairs indoors, except perhaps for a “doll house”.

Types of stairs to the 2nd floor in the house: photo

In a multi-storey building, stairs should be located according to certain standards. It is important to comply with standards, since the safety of using the structure depends on them. Before you place the stairs in your own house, you need to determine its parameters, measure the area of ​​​​the room, draw up schematic drawings.

It is important that the stairs have a high level of safety. In particular, the mid-flight staircase, which is called "on stringers", can "boast" of this.

It is important to take the safety of stairs very carefully, no matter how many storey building it will be installed in, and in what type of house: brick or wooden. It is important that it is safe and easy to use. Choose the right steps for the size of your feet.

Types of stairs:

• closed;
• open;
• Semi-closed (it is convenient to install in a bay window).

Combined stairs have a high level of safety. When installing stairs, it is important to take into account the "youth" of the structure. The old building needs a more careful and accurate installation of the stairs.

Do-it-yourself staircase in the house (video)

The content of this article could be expanded, since there is a lot of information about stair structures. Installing the ladder in own house you can do it on your own. It is very important to install the stairs in accordance with all the rules, since this will determine how durable the structure will be and how harmoniously it will fit into the interior, especially if it is in sight. And finally, you can talk about stairs interestingly. For example, if a ladder is dreamed of in a dream, it means that a person will have personal growth and good luck.

Any room that has 2 or more floors needs to organize a staircase or elevator that will allow a person to climb to the floor he needs. As a rule, stairs are used for private residential buildings, which are much cheaper to build and do not require additional costs and problems in operation. The location of the stairs in the house plays a rather important role.

Types of stairs for the house

House with a "second" light

All existing stairs cannot be attributed to the same type. Starting from specifications and direct purpose, stairs can be divided into the following subspecies:

• stairs input type, which can be located outside the residential building or in a special recess on the porch;
• Stairs of the main type, which are a fixed structure, which can be located inside a residential building, and which serves to connect the residential floors of the building;
• Auxiliary type stairs designed to connect the house with the basement or attic.

Each type of stairs must be made in accordance with all the rules and requirements that provide for the organization of a convenient and robust design which will not endanger human life. In addition, stairs must be wide enough to allow furniture to be brought in, and in the event of an evacuation of the premises, at least 2 people must stand on the stairs. Particular attention should be paid to the requirements fire safety, because most stairs are made of wooden materials which makes them highly flammable.

One of the most important moments in the construction of any type of stairs is the choice of shape and design. From right design such a design depends general form private residential building, both outside and inside. In addition, the choice of the place necessary for installing the structure depends on the chosen style of execution of the stairs.

Specifications

Any staircase can be divided into two main components: a landing and flights of stairs, the number of which depends on the type and size of the staircase itself. The landing is also divided into two main types: floor landings (arranged at the level with the floor of each floor) and interfloor. It's called a flight of stairs structural element, which is designed to connect two landings.

The flight of stairs makes the main emphasis on both landings, which it connects. The flight of stairs consists of a certain number of steps, which are interconnected by means of inclined beams, the number of which depends on the type of staircase and its location. Such beams can be located under the steps (such beams are called stringers) or on each side of the steps (end beam).

Both landings and flights of stairs must be equipped with special handrails or railings. When organizing stair railings, it is necessary to observe their minimum size, which is from 80 to 100 centimeters. From the configuration and size, the staircase can be made with one, two or three marches.

Spiral staircase

As a rule, a staircase with two flights and a rotary type is used for a private residential building. But if the height to the second floor exceeds 4.5 meters, then the staircase must be chosen with three flights, which will make the staircase structure more rigid and durable. In order for the staircase structure not to be a thorn in a beautiful room, it can be made in a complex shape.

For almost every interior, you can choose your own type of staircase design. The most common stairs are structures that have a straight, curved and swivel shape. In some options for the construction of a private residential lady, one cannot do without a fan staircase structure, which is often called a screw.

Design issues

As a rule, the staircase in a residential building takes up quite a lot of space, which makes its location very problematic. That is why many architects try to make the staircase as compact as possible. Precisely because of the lack free space, most often use stair structures of a rotary type, which are devoid of an intermediate type platform designed for recreation.

In addition, such ladder structures are equipped with special winder-type steps. Such steps are made in the form of a wedge, which gives the impression that such steps run over each other. When using a swivel type staircase, do not forget about some of the nuances.

At the turn of the flight of stairs, several steps will have a minimum width at the base. This width should not be less than 12 centimeters, which can lead to danger when descending or climbing stairs. Building codes provide for a limit on the number of steps on a flight of stairs.

The minimum number of steps on the march should not be less than 3 pieces. The maximum number of steps on one flight is 18 steps. But few people adhere to such instructions, and almost every flight of stairs has more than 18 steps. As a rule, exceeding the norm of the number of steps leads to a smaller inclination of the staircase structure, which saves some free space in the house.

The width of the flight of stairs, which can be measured from railing to railing or from wall to railing, should not be less than 90 centimeters. This is necessary so that people who stepped onto the stairs from its different ends could freely pass each other on the flight of stairs. The width of the landing should not be less than the width of the flight of stairs itself.

Quite an important point is the determination of the required slope for the ladder structure. In order for a person to be able to climb the stairs without any extra effort, its slope should be about 27 degrees. In addition, the height of the steps should also be determined as correctly as possible.

Due to the limited free space in a private residential building, it is necessary to make the minimum allowable slope of the staircase structure, which will help save some free space to organize a more comfortable interior for the room in which the staircase structure is planned. It is for this reason that the stairs are made of lumber. In such a house, which has a fairly large area, staircase structures are made of reinforced concrete.

steps

Depending on the type and location of the ladder structure, the required material for the manufacture of steps is selected. IN ancient houses and at entrance stairs steps are made of stone, reinforced concrete or metal. Metal treads are ideal for fire, façade or fan type ladders.

In addition, the use of metal in the staircase design allows for a more complex and attractive shape of the entire structure. Reinforced concrete structures can be used not only outside the building, but also inside. Modern ways finishes of concrete structures allow you to organize a reliable, inexpensive and attractive staircase, which will in no way be inferior to oak analogues, which are considered the most presentable.

Wooden stair structures

As a rule, for the manufacture of a staircase structure that will be located inside a residential building, wooden Construction Materials. The main advantage of this type of staircase design is considered to be a rather small weight, which is considered a matter of paramount importance in private construction. In addition, the cost of a wooden staircase cannot be called prohibitive, given the fact that it will be made on its own.

For the manufacture of a wooden staircase, it is better to use oak, pine or larch, which are considered the most suitable wood species for the manufacture of such a structure. Do not confuse pine with spruce, because spruce is considered a rather soft tree, which will lead to rapid wear of the staircase structure. Due to the fact that the wooden staircase has a rather small weight, there is no need to organize a foundation for such a structure.

Staircase from the designer

Instead of a foundation, it is enough to fix reinforced beams on the floor, which will take on the main weight of the staircase structure. It is not recommended to mount the ladder directly on the flooring. This can lead to subsidence of individual flooring boards on which the stairs will rest.

The support beams on which the steps will rest are made of edged boards, the thickness of which is not less than 5 centimeters. The width of the support beam should not be less than 20 centimeters, which will allow the board to gain the necessary strength and rigidity. Stringer type stairs are considered easier to manufacture and much more beautiful and practical to use.

The treads of the steps are made of edged boards with a thickness of 3 to 5 centimeters. Such treads are laid on special triangular-type jambs, which can be made of both wood and metal. These jambs are attached to the stringers and the steps themselves.

In this version of the construction of the ladder structure, the ends of the steps are of an open type, which leads to further preparation and finishing of this element of the ladder structure. In the manufacture of a wooden staircase, you will have to abandon the use of nails, which can hold the critical elements of the entire structure poorly. For fastening individual elements stairs it is better to use special screws and wood glue.

On the inside of the end beams, it is necessary to make special grooves that will correspond to the shape of the steps. The depth of such a groove should be about 2 centimeters. Such grooves are needed to fix the tread and risers.

In order for the grooves to be as similar as possible, they must be made according to a pre-prepared template, which will nullify all indents from the original groove dimensions. The stair railing must not be left unattended. Fencing elements can be made of any material that has sufficient strength to support the weight of a person.

Place railings on both sides of the steps when there is no wall on one side of the stairs. With some options wooden stairs railings must be attached to the wall itself. This is not responsible for safety, but it gives the stairs a rather interesting appearance.

A fairly common is considered a closed staircase railing made of transparent plexiglass. Less common is a blind fence made of boards or plywood. Such fences are ideal for those cases when the house is inhabited by Small child, which will not be stopped by thinned railings.

Location of the staircase

Staircase - rack

The location of the staircase in a private residential building is considered quite important issue. The stairs should be located in such a way that the descent and ascent along it is as convenient and well-lit as possible. At the same time, the design of the stairs should not interfere with the passage along the lower floor of the house, blocking access to certain parts of the room.

As a rule, internal ladder structures are located near a blank wall, fixing one of the ends to the wall itself. Placing stairs in the center of the hall is advisable only in cases where there is plenty of free space in the room, and the structure itself will not block the entrance to one or another part of the room. In some cases, a special bay window is organized for such a staircase, which is planned at the beginning of the construction of the entire residential building.

The location of the staircase structure on the veranda of the house is typical for cottage houses in which no one lives in winter time years, because the staircase will be located in a cold place. Such stair structures are usually designed to enter the attic or living quarters, where they live only in the summer.

In order to minimize the cost of space under the ladder structure, it is necessary to use a fan-type ladder. This design takes up a minimum amount of free space and can be located anywhere. It is quite difficult to make such a ladder structure on your own.

Most often, such stairs are made from a combination of metal and wood, which leads to a rather high cost of the finished structure. But if you take into account all the positive aspects of such a design, then you can spend a little. In addition, such a ladder design is considered durable and as strong as possible.

The location of the staircase structure in a residential building is responsible not only for ease of use, but also for organizing an attractive interior at the location of the stairs. In other words, an improperly located staircase structure can negatively affect the organization of the interior of a residential building. It is for this reason that the issue of the location of the stairs must be taken seriously.

In order to properly position the stairs in a particular room of a private residential building, you can resort to the services of an experienced architect who will not only find the most suitable option for the location of the stairs, but also design a staircase that fits perfectly into new interior Houses. The disadvantage of this option is the rather high cost of the services of a qualified specialist.