How to insulate the roof of a private house - which insulation to choose for insulation. Roof insulation from the inside: choose a heater and do the installation yourself What materials are needed to insulate the roof
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Roof insulation from the inside best option work for several reasons.
Roof insulation is done only for residential attic spaces, due to this, heat losses are significantly reduced and living comfort is increased. Today, companies produce a wide range of materials for insulation, all of which have both positive and negative sides. When choosing a specific insulation, it is important to know its features and take into account the characteristics of the building truss system.
There are many names of materials for insulation, but they are all divided into two large groups.
Table. Roof insulation groups.
| Name of heaters | Operational and Physical Characteristics |
|---|---|
| This group includes mineral wool from basalt, glass wool from recycled glass and ecowool from waste paper. Wool insulation can be pressed in the form of mats of standard sizes or rolled. There are options for spraying liquid ecowool. In terms of thermal conductivity and weight listed species almost do not differ from each other. The most expensive mineral wool. |
| Styrofoam, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, etc. All these heaters are made on the basis of the same polymer, they differ in production technology and some additives. Most often they are in the form of plates different thickness and sizes, can differ significantly in terms of physical strength. The thermal conductivity is almost the same, slight fluctuations in practice have no effect. The price range is large. Can be used in liquid form (sprayed) or as slabs. |
For example, we will consider the two most common options for roof insulation from the inside. Examples are not only budgetary, but also effective. The process is divided into several stages, the final quality of the work depends on the correct implementation of each of them.
Styrofoam prices
Styrofoam
Inspection of the truss system and roofing
A very important stage of preparation for warming. Make an audit of all elements of the roofing system, check the condition of the roof covering. If problems are found, they must be fixed immediately.
Measure the distance between the rafter legs, this will help you navigate the choice of insulation. The fact is that all heaters have standard sizes in width. This makes it easier and faster installation work and the amount of waste is reduced. The width of the insulation is 60 cm, but, unfortunately, some manufacturers allow fluctuations in one direction or another by several centimeters. The distance between the rafter legs should be within 56–57 cm. In practice, such correct roofs can rarely be found.
See if a windscreen is installed between the roof and the attic, if it has air vents for natural ventilation. This is very important in cases where insulation is planned to be done with mineral wool.
Prices for material for vapor barrier
Vapor barrier material
Selection and purchase of materials
The most commonly used materials for roof insulation are mineral wool and polystyrene foam, and we will focus on them in detail. If you have a simple gable roof, then its insulation is not very difficult technologically. Quite a different situation with a broken line or hipped roof. These designs have many different stops, runs, ties and other elements that reinforce truss system. During insulation, you have to cut the mineral wool or polystyrene, make various bends and bends. As a result, the complexity of the work increases and the amount of waste increases.
But this is not all the problems. Complicated roofs can never be hermetically sealed with a vapor barrier layer, there will always be places through which moist air enters the insulation. For mineral wool this is a very unfortunate occurrence. Experienced builders recommend complex roofs insulate with foam, and not take risks with mineral wool. Wet wool not only almost completely loses its heat-saving abilities, but also accelerates the putrefactive processes of the wooden structures of the truss system.
Roof insulation work
The technology of work largely depends on the material chosen, but for all cases there are general tips.
If it is possible to work with an assistant - excellent, the warming process will go much faster. There is no such possibility - it's okay, all the work can be done independently.
To understand how to insulate the roof of a house, you need to know how it works, the features of its design and operation. Only for a flat roof, the domestic company TechnoNikol offers almost forty schemes technical solutions. For pitched roof there are fewer such solutions, but there are also different variants. And given that this company is not the only one who manufactures roofing materials, and each other has its own well-established schemes, then a layman can get confused. But regardless of technical nuances and features of materials, the principles of roof insulation are general.
Principles of insulation
In total, there are two large classes of roof construction: flat and pitched (or attic). And if we talk about functions, then there are also two of them: protection from atmospheric phenomena and thermal insulation.
In a flat roof, both functions are combined in one "pie", which has the following layering: ceiling, thermal insulation, roofing.
Pitched roof insulation can have three fundamentally different options:
cold attic with insulated floor;
exploited or residential attic with insulated roof:
combined roof with a warm outline of a dedicated attic.
But regardless of the design and location of thermal insulation, all schemes have a common fundamental rule on how to properly insulate the roof of a house - from the side of a warm room, the insulation must be covered with a continuous and inseparable layer of vapor barrier materials. And the design itself should provide weathering of moisture from the insulation.
There are two main reasons for protecting the insulation from getting wet - the loss of thermal insulation properties and the increase in the weight of the roofing cake. And if the loss of thermal insulation properties, apart from discomfort, does not threaten anything serious, then an excessive increase in the load on the supporting structure of the roof can lead to its collapse. In addition, a vapor barrier in a pitched roof protects the wooden structural elements from decay and loss of load-bearing properties.
flat roof insulation
The technology for insulating a flat roof depends on the materials of the floor and the features of operation.
Insulation of a flat wooden roof
Usually flat wooden roofs considered as a "sign" frame house. It is this scope of application that is indicated even in the "proprietary" description of the roofing systems of the companies producing heat and waterproofing materials TechnoNikol. But even in brick houses, wooden flat roof not uncommon, since with a relatively small weight of the structure, it is possible to ensure sufficient rigidity and strength of the roof of a low-rise building.
The wiring diagram looks like this:
Base. Moisture resistant OSB board (class 3 or 4).
Vapor barrier film. Spread with an overlap of strips by 15-20 cm along the long side and along the short side (when increasing in length). Along the perimeter, the vapor barrier should rise to the parapet and adjacent surfaces by the same 15-20 cm. Polymer-bitumen vapor barrier films are attached to the base with glue or telescopic fasteners (together with thermal insulation). A polypropylene or polyethylene film can be spread without fastening to the base, fixing it around the perimeter to the walls of adjacent surfaces using a self-adhesive vapor-tight tape.
Insulation on the roof of the house. Three types of materials can be used for thermal insulation of a flat roof: stone wool mats, extruded polystyrene foam, rigid polyisocyanurate foam boards.
Roofing.
Perhaps the most common example of a flat insulated roof over a wooden floor is a terrace with access from the second floor. But in this case, the design of the roofing pie is closer in its structure to the insulated ceiling of a cold attic.
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer roof repair services. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".
As a roofing covering of flat roofs, rolled roofs are used. waterproofing materials, which allow you to perform a continuous and inseparable top layer. But, as with the insulation of a pitched roof, the waterproofing layer must be "breathable". There are two main options for a breathable flat roof:
application polymer membranes with high mechanical strength and resistance to direct exposure to ultraviolet;
two-layer bituminous coating- welded roll insulation on top, substrate with ventilated channels on the bottom (for example, Uniflex Vent).
The advantage of a wooden flat roof is that a slight slope is arranged due to the position of the floor beams. And it is needed even at a flat roof to drain precipitation into the drain.
Insulation of a flat roof on a concrete floor
This type of insulated flat roof accounts for the most options for constructing a roofing pie.
To start with, there are unexploited and exploited flat roofs. Moreover, "operation" can be of a completely different nature - from the terrace as a recreation area to the arrangement of the so-called "green roof".
If you do not take into account the different options for roofing, then the same sequence of layers is used on the concrete floor as on the wooden one, except for one nuance - the organization of a slope to divert precipitation into the outer or internal system drain. And several solutions can be used here:
device for overlapping the screed with a slope;
device by concrete base a bulk slope-forming layer of expanded clay, separated from the insulated roofing pie with a reinforced screed;
arrangement of a bulk slope-forming layer of expanded clay over a layer of extruded polystyrene foam or mineral wool, followed by laying a screed and roofing;
the device of a slope-forming layer of special plates or mats of thermal insulation, in which one surface is located with respect to the other with a slope.
Insulation of a pitched roof with a cold attic
Insulation of a pitched roof with a cold attic occurs along the ceiling. And depending on the material of the overlap, the schemes are slightly different.
Insulation on the concrete floor of the attic
The layout of the layers partially resembles the insulation of the floor of the first floor:
A layer of vapor barrier is spread over the ceiling (overlapping strips, with gluing joints and junctions to enclosing surfaces).
Install logs (crate) for laying a heat-insulating layer.
Install thermal insulation. Usually, non-combustible materials are used as thermal insulation for the roof of a house - stone wool mats or bulk expanded clay.
Lay a layer of waterproofing with high vapor permeability. According to the standard, it is obligatory to lay a strip 1 m wide from the line of intersection of the ceiling with the outer walls. When insulating the floor of the attic of a private house, they do it easier - they lay a waterproofing membrane over the entire area.
A distance bar is attached to the lags (needed for a ventilated gap).
Installing the attic floor.
Insulation of the wooden floor of the cold attic
Warming scheme hardwood floor fundamentally different location of the vapor barrier. The vapor-tight film is not attached to the floor beams from above, but is hemmed from below.
Video description
How to properly make hydro and vapor barrier for cold attic floor insulation, see the following video:
If you do the opposite, then the water vapor of warm air will penetrate into the pores of the wood, but they will not be able to erode - there is a vapor-tight barrier on top. This will lead to wetting of the wooden elements of the supporting structure and no treatment with antiseptics will save the wood from waterlogging and decay.
The scheme of warming the wooden floor of a cold attic looks like this:
From the side of the room there is a vapor barrier, on top of which a crate is stuffed for decorative finishes ceiling. Vapor barrier can be of several types: a simple film, with an anti-condensate surface, with a reflective (reflex) surface. In addition to protecting the thermal insulation from getting wet, it protects the room from getting inside the insulation particles.
Thermal insulation between the beams - stone wool mats or expanded clay.
A layer of waterproofing superdiffusion membrane.
Distance bar.
Flooring attic.
Pitched roof insulation
This type of roof insulation is used to equip attics or if engineering equipment is installed in the attic (for example, a hydraulic accumulator, expansion tank, fan coil or ventilation system recuperator).
The standard roof insulation technology has the following scheme:
On rafter legs ah, a waterproofing superdiffusion membrane is stuffed from bottom to top with overlapping strips. Vertical joints when building the membrane in length should be overlapped and fall on the rafters. Subsequently, the lower edge of the waterproofing is glued onto a drip (to drain condensate into the gutter).
On top of the waterproofing, a counter rail is nailed to the rafters, which provides a ventilation gap between the membrane and the roofing. For tightness of the fastener line, an elastic tape can be laid between the rail and the waterproofing.
Mineral wool mats are laid between the rafters.
From the inside of the rafter legs, a vapor barrier is fixed with a continuous layer. If it has an anti-condensate or reflective surface, then it is turned towards the attic.
A spacer rail is stuffed over the vapor barrier. It is necessary for the "correct" functioning of the anti-condensation or reflective layer. The second purpose of the rail is a crate for the inner lining of the attic.
The combined insulation scheme is used when highlighting " warm circuit» attic. The principle of such a scheme is to insulate the vertical railings inside the attic and only that part of the roof that adjoins the attic.
Video description
The following video is a demonstration of the insulation of the attic roof with two layers of stone wool:
Conclusion
Roof insulation is perhaps the most complex view among all thermal insulation works on enclosing surfaces. In a variety of schemes for different types designs and materials can only be understood by a professional. And the choice of insulation depends on the scheme, and the calculation of the thickness of the heat-insulating layer. In addition, it is necessary to provide and arrange your own ventilation system for the roof and attic, without which the insulation will get wet and lose its properties, and the wooden structural elements will begin to rot.
In the cold northern latitudes, the issue of keeping warm in winter period. Even many centuries ago, an established technology for roof insulation already existed.
After all, what less heat is lost from housing during heating, the less resources are wasted to maintain it, the more comfortable it is to live in the house.
Years and centuries passed, now there is no need to build a fire inside or heat the stove - central heating greatly simplifies the task.
But roof insulation is still necessary - after all, when heat lingers in the house for as long as possible, less energy is spent on heating, and living in a warm insulated house is much more comfortable.
Not so long ago, the most popular heater was glass wool. Using glass wool is cheaper than using other types of insulation, but it has some significant disadvantages that make people abandon it and insulate the roof with other materials.
For example, cotton wool is not suitable for warming inclined surfaces - it simply rolls down, exposing the very top of the roof, through which heat will seep. In addition, when using cotton wool, you need to think about how to protect it from moisture. However, cotton wool is still used in some homes, mainly because of its low cost.
Most commonly used now Styrofoam and mineral wool (e.g. rockwool). The thing is that they are devoid of the disadvantages of glass wool, but they have a number of additional advantages. - fairly durable material and is able to withstand significant loads, and mineral wool is a wonderful noise insulator. You can read more about roof insulation with mineral wool.
Choosing the perfect thermal insulation
When choosing a material, you should pay attention to the following characteristics:
Extremely importance It has insulation thickness. There is no way she can be counted on. For information on how to correctly calculate the thickness, read below.
Correct calculation of the thickness of the insulation
The formula for calculating the layer thickness in meters will look like this:
Layer thickness \u003d Thermal resistance of the layer * Thermal conductivity coefficient of the material (roof thermal insulation snip).
This data is provided by the manufacturer and may vary. Specialists in a hardware store will help you find detailed information on each heater.
Many experts advise, after receiving the final result, to add to it another half of the calculated value. It is worth noting that when using backfill or crushable materials, they should be loosened from time to time so that the current layer thickness is not disturbed and remains stable.
roof insulation technology
Any properly laid roof consists of a certain sequential combination of materials that form the so-called roofing cake or a roofing plan.
Breaking the sequence or skipping one of the "layers of the pie" can lead to sad consequences , so let's take a closer look at the entire roof insulation pie, starting from the bottom and rising to the very top of the roof.
As a roof, you can choose any material you like: corrugated board , ondulin, soft tiles etc. And now consider the standard procedure for warming the attic under a gable roof:
- Consider all the layers of roof insulation in more detail. The first layer is interior decoration, behind it is a crate. These layers are not of great importance for the insulation, so you can skip them.
- Behind them is a vapor barrier.. And here it is worth stopping in more detail. does not allow warm (or even hot) air masses to interact with thermal insulation, so that moisture does not remain on the thermal insulation itself - the result of condensation. A vapor barrier must be present in each roof - after all, the insulation should not become damp.
- Above is the counter-lattice, on which the insulation itself is laid directly. We have already talked about it and will talk more, so let's pay attention to the top layer - waterproofing.
- As the name implies, waterproofing protects the insulation from water coming from above - like rain, snow, or simply moisture condensed on the roof. must also be present in each roof.
- Then comes empty space for ventilation and finally the roof itself. Do not forget about the insulation of the roof eaves, the easiest way to do this is with a sprayed one.
Laying rolled vapor barrier
Pitched roof insulation technology
Roofing cake in section
Extremely important observe all the installation standards for each of the layers and the procedure for insulating the roof, otherwise the insulation itself may be damaged, and then it will cease to perform its functions. If you still have questions about roof insulation, then you can find the answers in the article - "".
Flat roof insulation
When insulating a flat roof, you should decide on the purpose of the surface - whether it will be used or not. If so, then on top of the thermal insulation it will be necessary to make an additional concrete screed(for example, if you walk on such a roof - adjust the antenna, for example). If the roof platform is not used, then the screed is not needed. You can read more about it at the link.
Note!
The main requirement for flat roof insulation is strength and durability of the material. Indeed, in winter, a significant mass of snow will accumulate on a flat roof, which can deform weak fragile material.
Thermal insulation on a flat roof is of two types - single layer and double layer. As the name implies, two layers of insulation are used in two-layer insulation, respectively, one in single-layer insulation.
Thermal insulation of a pitched roof
In total, there are two types of insulation of a pitched roof - floor insulation(attic) and slope insulation(scheme of insulation of the attic roof).
At attic insulation the type and strength of the material is not so important - since there is no risk of slope, exposure and deformation of the material.
But with the attic you need to pay attention to material strength, on its ability to keep its shape and not roll.
When insulating floors, the attic should be ventilated, it is desirable to maintain a temperature in it close to the street temperature.
Roof insulation units - overhangs, parapets and roof cornice
When insulating the above elements, in addition to complying with standard requirements (waterproofing, etc.), it is important protection of the joints of the “layers” from moisture ingress during rain or snow. For these purposes, boards, lining, galvanized steel and other similar materials are used. They need to flash the roof from the end, leaving no horizontal gaps into which moisture can seep.
Warming overhangs roofs can be made with using mineral wool or finishing material- lining or corrugated board. By the same principle, the roof parapet is insulated.
Useful video
And now we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the technology of roof insulation using a practical example:
Conclusion
So, an important factor when choosing a heater is the type of roof, as well as the type of insulation if the roof is pitched. Choosing a heater it is necessary to correctly calculate its thickness and add a little just in case. It is important to follow the sequence and correct laying of the layers, then your roof will serve you for many years, protecting your home from the cold and helping to keep warm.
In contact with
The roof is a complex multifunctional structure, which is also involved in heat exchange between the attic and the outdoor space. Regardless of how the attic is used by the residents, the roofs of houses are insulated even in the southern regions of Russia. Consider why this is done, how to choose a roof insulation, and arrange it on your own durable warm roof.
One of the variants of the insulated roof in the section
Why insulate the roof
The presence of an attic space is an important factor for the temperature regime of housing, since even an unheated attic, being a buffer between the street and the ceiling of the upper floor, performs the functions of thermal insulation.
On a cold roof, due to the heat exchange between the attic and the outside, the snow melts - there is heat loss
To reduce heat loss through the ceilings of the upper rooms, the attic floors are insulated, but heat transfer through them still occurs, and in winter it is still a little warmer in the attic than outside.
If the roof is not insulated, then in winter condensation forms on its inner surface, which causes rotting of wooden rafters and battens, flows down and accumulates on the floor.
Roof without insulation In addition, in the house for six months, or even more, the temperature regime, since the lack of roof insulation makes the attic not only cold in winter, but also hot in summer.
Materials used for roof insulation
The suitability of a heat-insulating material for use as a roof insulation is determined by its following characteristics:
- Density is a parameter that determines the porosity, and hence the thermal conductivity of the material. With a decrease in density, porosity increases and thermal conductivity decreases, which leads to an improvement in thermal insulation properties.
- Thermal conductivity is the ability of a material to transfer heat, the intensity of which depends not only on porosity, but also on the degree of moisture content of the material. With an increase in the humidity of the insulating material, its thermal conductivity increases, which reduces the thermal insulation qualities.
- Water absorption. To reduce the value of this parameter and reduce the value of the moisture factor, fibrous insulation is impregnated with water-repellent (hydrophobic) compounds. When buying mineral wool insulators, preference should be given to materials that have undergone such processing.
In addition to the above characteristics, great importance has environmental friendliness of thermal insulation - the absence of harmful emissions into the surrounding space in working order.
As for the flammability of the insulation, the degree of smoke formation and the toxicity of the smoke formed upon contact with the flame, these parameters are determined according to SNiP 23-02-2003 "Thermal protection of buildings" and SP 4.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems". Confirmation of the insulator's compliance with these requirements is a certificate, which must be presented by the seller at the request of the buyer.
For the thermal insulation of roofs, several groups of heaters are used, differing in physical characteristics. To facilitate the selection of the isolant that best suits specific conditions, we will consider these groups and the materials included in them in more detail.
Mineral wool insulation
This group of thermal insulation materials includes several types of insulating materials produced in the form of rolls or mats:
- glass wool;
- slag wool.
The effectiveness of the use of these heaters for thermal protection of roofs is ensured by the following qualities:
- low thermal conductivity (dry);
- incombustibility;
- resistance to temperature extremes;
- high vapor permeability;
- resistance to the effects of microorganisms;
- high soundproofing characteristics;
- ease of installation;
- durability.
stone wool
This thermal insulation material is produced by melting rocks, followed by drawing the hot mass into fibers and combining with phenol-formaldehyde resins used as a binder. The final product has an open cell structure and, due to the content organic matter no more than 3%, withstands temperatures up to 1000 0 С.
Rolled and sheet stone wool Since basalt is most often used as a raw material, stone wool is also called basalt.
According to the degree of hardness, basalt wool is divided into groups:
- soft - highly porous roll material made of fibers of minimum thickness, used in places with no mechanical influences (insulation of walls under a ventilated facade, roofs);
- medium hardness - sheet insulator made of fibers of greater thickness, used for thermal insulation of facades with a significant wind load;
- rigid - mats made of thick and rigid fibers, laid under a concrete screed and a "wet" facade.
Soft (left) and hard stone wool To give the insulation waterproofing and reflective characteristics, another type of stone wool is produced - universal, with one-sided or two-sided aluminum foil.
Foil basalt wool stone wool- the most effective of the mineral fibrous heat insulators, which is due to the following virtues :
- high heat and sound insulation characteristics;
- fire safety (do not burn and do not support combustion);
- high vapor permeability;
- sufficient hydrophobicity;
- high durability without loss of functionality (30 years or more);
- ease of installation.
The disadvantage of basalt wool comes from its advantages - this is a high price. All other consumer claims are the result of the acquisition of low-quality insulation.
Important! Despite the softness of stone wool fibers, it is necessary to work with it in a respirator.
glass wool
Glass wool is a time-tested insulation, originally made from a molten mixture of quartz sand (80%) with limestone, dolomite, soda and borax. Later, the sand was replaced with secondary raw materials (glass cullet), which, without compromising quality, reduced the cost, as a result of which glass wool today is 2-3 times cheaper than insulating material from basalt raw materials.
Produced in the following form:
- rolls - soft material with a thickness of up to 100 mm for the possibility of laying, including on surfaces of complex configuration;
- mats or slabs - rigid and semi-rigid insulating material up to 200 mm thick for outdoor use.
Insulation with improved characteristics (blowing protection, waterproofing) is made of foil or reinforced fiberglass.
Foil insulation Isover Glass wool fibers are 3-4 times longer than those of stone or slag wool. At the same time, there are no non-fibrous inclusions in it, which provides the material with elasticity and high resistance to compaction under the influence of vibration.
The thermal conductivity of glass wool is in the range of 0.03-0.52 W / m 0 C, which exceeds the performance of polymer insulating materials, but less than that of slag and basalt insulation.
Glass wool passes steam well, withstands temperature changes from -50 0 C to +250 0 C without loss of properties, is not flammable and does not attract rodents. The density of this isolant ranges from 11 to 25 kg/m 3 .
Important! On pitched roofs (a slope of more than 12%), it is better to use a roll insulation that is more convenient for such structures, but with a density of at least 15 kg / m 3.
Glass wool insulation for pitched roofs The listed advantages determine the high demand for glass wool for thermal insulation of buildings for various purposes, but the insulation also has disadvantages:
- hygroscopicity - due to the ability to absorb moisture from the environment, glass wool needs waterproofing;
- a wet insulator dries for a long time, and after several wetting it compacts and loses its heat-insulating properties;
- fragile and prickly glass wool fibers penetrate ordinary clothing, irritating the skin, eyes and respiratory tract more than other insulators;
Important! Work using glass wool is carried out in tight clothes using personal protective equipment - gloves, goggles or a mask, a respirator. To protect problem areas of the skin from the penetration of fibers into the pores, use baby powder or talc. After work, you need to take a cool shower with strong water pressure.
slag wool
Slag wool is a fibrous insulation produced from metallurgical production waste (blast furnace slag). A jet of molten slag is blown with compressed air or steam, resulting in the formation of thin fibers (Ø 0.004-0.012 mm, length up to 16 mm), from which a porous canvas is formed by subsequent pressing with a binder treatment. Since blast-furnace slags contain sulfur compounds, iron oxides and manganese, these components are also present in slag.
Blast furnace slag and slag wool With the advantages inherent in all mineral wool insulation, slag thermal insulation has a number of individual shortcomings :
- hygroscopicity - the material absorbs and accumulates moisture in the air;
- residual acidity of blast-furnace slag causes oxidation metal structures and rotting of wood in places of their contact with thermal protection, especially when it gets wet;
- decrease in thermal insulation properties under the influence of temperature changes;
- instability to vibration - susceptibility to compaction with deterioration in heat-shielding characteristics;
- prickly and brittle fibers - identical to glass wool.
These factors limit the scope of use of slag wool and, as a result, reduce the demand for this inexpensive insulation. For warming wooden houses, especially residential ones, it is better not to use it.
Comparative table of characteristics of mineral wool insulation
Styrofoam
This insulation is one of the varieties of foam and consists of many thin-walled capsules fastened together with air, which makes up to 98% of the total volume of the material. This structure causes low density, low specific gravity and high thermal insulation characteristics of expanded polystyrene, widely used in the thermal protection of civil and industrial buildings.
Expanded polystyrene and foam Expanded polystyrene is produced in three types:
- non-pressed - a porous material with the ability to absorb water, marked with the abbreviation PSB (suspension non-pressed polystyrene foam);
- press - a dense and durable insulator with closed pores, low water absorption and good heat-insulating characteristics, marked with PS;
- extruded (foam) - the most effective thermal protection, characterized by a small size of closed pores (0.1-0.2 mm), is marked with EPPS letters with a numerical density value (EPPS-25, -30, -35, -45).
Individual properties of expanded polystyrene:
- water absorption - the penetration of water into the material is not more than 0.4% of the volume of the insulating material when completely immersed in water for a period of 10 days;
- low vapor permeability (0.05 mg/m h Pa);
- biological resistance - does not react to microorganisms, but is vulnerable to rodents.
Mice damaged insulation 
Bulk thermal insulation materials
The most popular heater in this group is expanded clay - an environmentally friendly material produced by high-temperature swelling of natural clay, followed by firing the resulting granules. Expanded clay has all the properties of fired clay, except for density and thermal conductivity, which are much lower than those of ceramics.
Expanded clay is produced in several fractions, differing in the size of the granules and related characteristics:
- expanded clay gravel - 20-40 mm, 10-20 mm;
- expanded clay sand - up to 5 mm.
Expanded clay of various fractions A fraction of 10-20 mm is used as a roof insulation.
Table comparing the characteristics of expanded clay of various fractions Advantages of expanded clay :
- environmental friendliness - the absence of any harmful emissions;
- good heat and sound insulation properties due to low thermal conductivity (≈0.16 W / m) and high porosity;
- fire resistance and absolute incombustibility;
- high frost resistance;
- a wide range of bulk density - 250-800 kg/m3, depending on the fraction;
- resistance to chemicals;
- high compressive strength;
- resistance to the formation of fungus and lack of attractiveness for rodents;
- high durability with the preservation of characteristics;
- affordable price.
Expanded clay disadvantages:
- hygroscopicity;
- thermal protection efficiency requires a layer of 15 cm;
- for roof insulation houses internally unsuitable.
Important! Statement that roof insulation expanded clay is the cheapest, but not always true - in the northern regions, the cost of backfilling it, due to the significance of the layer thickness, will exceed the cost of thermal protection from other insulators (mineral wool, foam plastic).
roof insulation device
First of all, it is necessary to determine the method of thermal insulation of the roof, which is tied to the following factors:
- The newly constructed roof is insulated from the outside, and the existing one from the inside.
- The insulator is selected taking into account the magnitude of the slope - on flat roofs, you can use not only mineral wool and polymer, but also loose thermal protection.
Installation of insulation is carried out in the warm season, and insulation from the outside also requires dry weather.
Thermal protection thickness calculation
Having chosen a heater for a roof, it is necessary to calculate the need for it. To do this, you need to multiply the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof by the thickness of the insulation. The area is determined by multiplying the dimensions of the roof, and the calculation of the thickness of the insulating material is carried out in accordance with SNiP 23-02-2003 "Thermal protection of buildings", taking into account the region where the building is located.
The formula for calculating the thickness of the insulation The resistance of fences to the passage of heat through them (R 0 priv) depends on the region, its independent calculation is difficult, therefore, for ease of use, the values of the reduced resistances for Russian cities are summarized in the table:
Table of resistance to heat transfer in the cities of Russia The thermal conductivity coefficient of the insulation is indicated on the packaging of the insulator or in its quality certificate and can have several values:
- when operating in a dry room with a temperature of 10 0 С;
- for use in a dry room with a temperature of 25 0 С;
- for use in wet conditions.
In the case of roof insulation, the first value must be used.
In more detail about the required thickness of the roofing insulation, this video will tell:
Roof insulation from the outside
There is no universal technology for thermal protection of roof bases, because each roof structure requires individual approach to the solution of many interrelated issues - from the material of insulation and the method of fastening to the arrangement of overhangs and ridge. Consider the performance of the types of work required for the arrangement of the roof with mineral wool.
Insulation of a pitched roof from the outside is performed during the construction of a house or overhaul roofs - at the stage when the installation of rafters is completed.
Work begins from the inside - from the side of the attic, a special vapor barrier film is mounted on the rafters, designed to protect the insulation from steam coming from interior spaces.
Vapor barrier films and membranes When installing a vapor barrier, the orientation of the sides of the insulating material must be carried out in accordance with the type of film:
- glassine is laid with the bituminous side inside the room;
- for single-layer films, including those reinforced with a polymer mesh, orientation is not important;
- two-three-layer membranes are placed with a smooth side to the insulation (fleshy - to the room);
- foil vapor barrier is mounted with foil towards the attic.
When choosing a vapor barrier, it is necessary to take into account the value of the Sd index on the package - the lower it is, the higher the vapor permeability of the film.
Laying of steam protection is started from above - across the rafters with an overlap of the upper strip on the lower one by 10 -12 cm.
Installation of a vapor barrier film on the rafters Then, wooden blocks are nailed over the film across the rafters with a step of 10-30 cm, arranging from them:
- load-bearing lattice base for laying outside the insulation;
- when finishing walls - a ventilation gap between the vapor barrier and the facing material.
Depending on what the walls will then be finished with, additional bars can be mounted on top of this crate, but already along the rafters.
Installation from the inside to the rafters of the crate At the end of the fastening from the inside of the bars, they begin laying the insulation from the outside. Mats are installed between the rafters tightly - without gaps, but without folds. If it is necessary to lay several layers, then the sheets in the tiers are placed with an offset relative to the lower rows - for the mismatch of the seams.
Mineral wool insulation outside On top of the insulation, it is necessary to mount waterproofing, arranging a ventilation gap of at least 3 cm between them.
If the mats are laid flush with the rafters or are not recessed enough, then to form a gap, the cross section of the beams is increased - wooden bars are mounted longitudinally to them, on which a waterproofing film is laid and fixed with a stapler.
If the rafters protrude above the insulation to the required height, then the waterproofing is attached to them - starting from the ridge, also with an overlap of 10-12 cm and gluing the joints with sealing tape.
Section of the insulated roof Then, on top of the beams, a transverse crate is made, on which it is mounted top coat roofs.
Thermal protection of the roof from the inside
Insulation from the side of the attic is not considered the main one, it is performed according to the already existing design of the “cold” roof or roof, which was not previously sufficiently insulated from the outside. The number of thermal protection operations, their sequence and execution in a given situation may differ.
Consider the method of insulation "cold" roofs classic construction with mineral wool from within.
cold roof Important! If the old roof is leaking, then it will have to be abandoned from the inside - in this case, it is necessary to dismantle the outer coating and perform the waterproofing again.
Mineral wool mats are cut in such a way that their width is 2-3 cm larger than the pitch of the rafters - this will allow them to be inserted by surprise. If the insulation is recessed in the grooves, then it must be additionally fixed. To do this, longitudinal strips are nailed to the beams in the grooves over the laid mats, and small nails are nailed to them in increments of 10 cm, leaving their caps not recessed. On the heads of the nails, “lacing” is performed between the rafters, which will securely fix the insulation in the grooves.
Fixing the insulation between the rafters with "lacing" Then, a vapor barrier is attached to the beams with a stapler, on top of which the crate and finishing of the walls are mounted.
If the mineral wool is laid flush with the rafters, then the vapor barrier is also attached to them, after which a transverse and / or longitudinal crate is mounted on top of it, which will provide a ventilation gap, and finishing.
Lathing options for thermal insulation of the roof from the inside The idea of \u200b\u200binsulating the roof with mineral wool from the inside will complement this video:
Flat roof insulation
Flat roofs are divided into operated and non-operated. In the first case, the roof surface is used as an additional area, therefore, a concrete screed is made over the insulation, in the second case, no reinforcement is made, since only snow and wind are present from the mechanical loads.
Unexploited flat roofs Insulation of both types of roofs is carried out according to one of two existing schemes:
- single-layer - the thermal protection layer is homogeneous and made of one material, it is used in industrial buildings, warehouses, garages;
- two-layer - the lower layer (70-170 mm) with low strength characteristics has high heat-shielding properties, and the upper one (30-50 mm) is dense, hard and durable.
For arrangement flat roofs most popular the insulation is expanded clay - an insulator is inexpensive and without problems associated with the tightness of the joints.
Work begins with the repair of the old roof - the removal of exfoliated materials and the sealing of cracks. 2 layers of waterproofing are laid on the repaired base, sealing the overlaps of the strips with special adhesive tape. If the roof is concrete, a waterproof underlay is not needed. Dry expanded clay is poured with a layer of 25-40 cm (determined by the formula), leveled and rammed.
"Pie" of a flat roof insulated with expanded clay On top of a cement-sand mortar, reinforced with a mesh of steel or plastic reinforcement. After curing and drying of the concrete lay 2 layers roll waterproofing(roofing material, bitulin).
Insulated flat roof - platform for a veranda Applying a decorative finish rubber tiles or artificial lawn, you can arrange a cozy veranda on the site.
Conclusion
Roof insulation in most regions of Russia is not a whim, but a necessity. The amount of work on the thermal insulation of any type of roof is significant, but the technical execution is not difficult. Choosing the right technology devices warm roof and insulating material, thermal protection of the house can really be done independently - by the forces of two or three performers.
The main essence of the article
- Roof insulation housing outside or from the inside - this is a reduction in heat loss by 15%, an increase in the durability of wooden structures, the arrangement of additional living space.
- Majority modern heaters suitable for roof insulation, so the question of which insulation is better is relevant only in relation to a specific situation.
- Thermal protection of the roof from the outside - view construction works performed during the construction of the building. Roof insulation Houses from the inside - a corrective operation, but the effectiveness of the result can also be high.
- Despite the significant amount of work, it is quite possible to insulate the roof with the help of two or three performers without the involvement of professionals.
When building a private house, attention should be paid not only to the thermal protection of walls and floors, but also to the insulation of roof structures. The temperature and humidity conditions of the room, and even the service life of structures, depend on the literacy of roof insulation measures. Work on the installation of thermal insulation material can be done by hand.
The need for insulation
From school course Physicists all know that heated air rises. If there is no thermal insulation, nothing prevents him from leaving the building. Because of this phenomenon, a large amount of heat loss occurs precisely through the roof or attic floors. Lack of adequate protection against cold and warm air loss can lead to the following problems:
- lowering the temperature in the room;
- increased heating costs in winter;
- condensation on inner surface roofs;
- the appearance of mold or fungus on the elements of the roof;
- destruction or damage to load-bearing structures, and bringing the house into disrepair.
The insulation of roof structures, as well as the insulation of walls and floors during the construction of multi-apartment residential buildings, must be checked by state or private expertise at the design stage. The thermal insulation of a private cottage completely depends on the future owner, no one checks its availability and a competent choice, but this does not lose its importance.
Warming methods
Do-it-yourself roof insulation largely depends on the design of the roof. There are two types of roofs: flat and pitched. Most often, flat roofs are used for the construction of multi-storey buildings, but it is possible to use them in the construction of a private cottage. Flat roofs can be constructed in two ways:
In the inversion, the order of the layers has been changed. This technology is used in the arrangement of the exploited roof. As a material for insulation in both cases can be used:
- Styrofoam;
- extruded polystyrene foam;
- mineral wool (in slabs);
- expanded clay.
The latter is quite cheap, but has lower heat-shielding characteristics. In most cases, roof insulation is applied from the outside. This allows you to simplify the installation process and make competent protection from the cold from the point of view of thermal engineering.
The scheme of laying insulation between the rafters
It is necessary to remember the strength of the material; additional measures will also be required to protect the insulation from mechanical damage.
When building a private house, the option with a pitched roof is most often used. It allows you to equip the attic or attic and has a more attractive appearance. Roof insulation wooden house or any other can be done in several ways:
- laying material between the rafters (the most common);
- laying insulation over the rafters;
- fastening from the bottom of the rafters.
Material selection
Insulation of the roof of a wooden house or a building made of other materials is carried out using the following materials:
Rarely used materials include:
- expanded clay;
- sawdust.
Scheme of roof insulation with mineral wool
Bulk materials are used to protect against the cold outside. They have an attractive price, but are quite difficult to install, so they are not widely used. It is better to use more modern technologies.
In general, materials for thermal protection measures must meet the following requirements:
- safety, no harmful effects on humans;
- environmental friendliness;
- small weight to prevent excessive loads on the truss system;
- resistance to crushing and sagging, sufficient strength and rigidity;
- soundproofing characteristics (especially important when using metal roofing);
- resistance to fire (especially important for wooden construction);
- if possible, good vapor permeability, which will provide additional ventilation of the room;
- good thermal performance.
One of the most important characteristics of a material is its thermal conductivity. This value must be specified by the manufacturer. The lower the value, the smaller the thickness of the insulation will be needed. In the absence of constraint in funds, it is better to choose materials such as mineral wool or polystyrene foam. The values of their thermal conductivity depend on the manufacturer and are in the range of 0.03-0.04 W / (m2*ᵒС).
Thickness calculation
It is important not only to choose the right material for insulation, but also to correctly calculate its thickness. Insufficient will lead to condensation, and excessive indicates an irrational expenditure of funds. You can select the value "by eye" based on general recommendations, for example, regardless of the type of roof (pitched or flat), for insulation with mineral wool or polystyrene foam, a layer thickness of 150-200 mm is required.
It is best to perform a full-fledged thermal calculation, which takes into account modern requirements comfort and allows you to find the perfect balance of cost and quality. For a specialist, the implementation of such a calculation is not difficult. A person far from construction can use examples of calculations or the Teremok program, which is freely available and is quite simple and understandable.
Competent calculations at the design stage are aimed at saving the budget and ensuring the reliability of thermal protection.
Their implementation will not take a lot of time, but will avoid overspending during construction and additional repair costs during operation.
Flat roof insulation process
Depending on the type of roof, the insulation technology will be different. For flat roofs, the following order of layers is usually observed:
- load-bearing structure (most often reinforced concrete pavement);
- vapor barrier layer;
- thermal insulation material;
- cement-sand screed (reinforced for non-durable materials);
- waterproofing carpet, which acts as a topcoat.
If absolutely necessary, you can work from the inside of the room, but this method has several disadvantages:
- reducing the height of the room;
- transfer of the dew point inside the structure;
- inconvenience of work.
Thermal protection of a pitched roof
Before you properly insulate the roof of the house, you need to understand the order of the work. In the vast majority of cases, pitched roofs are insulated between the rafters. Warming the roof from the inside with your own hands is quite a feasible task. It is important to follow the correct order of laying materials from the bottom up:
- interior decoration;
- bottom crate;
- vapor barrier;
- rafters with insulation between them;
- waterproofing;
- wind protection;
- crate;
- roofing material.
If the thickness of the insulation is greater than the height of the rafter legs, counter rails are installed. It is better to use modern diffusion membranes as wind protection and waterproofing.
Competent insulation, regardless of the type of roof, requires a careful approach. To avoid problems during operation, it is necessary to choose the right thickness of the insulation, choose a reliable manufacturer and follow the installation technology. The fulfillment of these conditions will allow the roof to serve for a long time and contribute to the preservation of the normal temperature and humidity conditions in the building.
We insulate the roof correctly: how to avoid mistakes
Roof insulation will create heat in the house. How and what is better to insulate the roof of a private house, we will describe in detail in this article.
How to insulate the roof of a house is better: the choice of materials for insulation
When choosing the better to insulate the roof, it is important to take into account not only the cost of the material itself, its technical specifications, but also installation features. Installation of many types of heat insulator can be done by hand, but in some cases the use of special equipment is required.
Principles for choosing a heater
To choose the right insulation for the roof, you should first pay attention to the type of roof. It can be flat or pitched - depending on the design features, some material requirements differ.
In general, when choosing a heat insulator for a roof, the following parameters are evaluated:
- thermal conductivity (the lower this parameter, the more effective the insulation);
- moisture resistance;
- long service life without loss of operational properties;
- shape stability (a material capable of maintaining geometric parameters is more reliable);
- specific gravity (it is recommended to give preference to materials with a low density that do not weigh down the roof structure);
- frost resistance (during temperature changes, the thermal insulation material should not lose its properties);
- sound insulation (this parameter is one of the key when choosing a roof insulation covered with "noisy" roofing material);
- fire resistance;
- environmental friendliness (the material should not emit toxic substances).
The best insulation for a roof is a light, non-combustible, safe and durable material suitable for the design of the roof frame. 
Among the errors that significantly affect the quality and reliability of roof insulation, is:
- saving on quality (it is recommended to use insulation from reputable manufacturers);
- installation of a heat-insulating layer that is insufficient in thickness;
- violation of the installation technology (insufficiently executed waterproofing and vapor barrier, the presence of joints and through seams in the insulation layer, the absence of ventilation gaps in the pitched roof pie).
Today in the construction market you can find a wide range of thermal insulation materials for roofing. First of all, the materials:
Each type of insulation has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Mineral wool
Roof insulation with mineral wool today is one of the most popular options for thermal insulation of flat and pitched roofs. This insulation has a fibrous structure and is made from molten rocks. Mineral wool is supplied to the market in the form of rolls or slabs (mats).
When choosing this insulation, you need to carefully consider the thickness and density of the material.
The benefits of mineral wool include:
- high level of thermal insulation;
- affordable cost;
- incombustibility;
- environmental Safety;
- ease of installation;
- biostability (does not rot, is not damaged by rodents, insects and microorganisms);
- vapor permeability;
- soundproofing;
- dimensional stability.
Rigid basalt mineral fiber slabs are used for external insulation of flat roofs. Mineral wool of smaller thickness and density is suitable for insulating pitched roofs. Stone wool acts as one of the fire protection elements of the roofing system.
Roof insulation with mineral wool requires a careful approach to ensuring reliable hydro- and vapor barrier of the heat-insulating layer and creating ventilation gaps. This avoids the accumulation of moisture in the insulation. Otherwise, the heat-insulating properties of mineral wool deteriorate, and roof structures may start to rot.
glass wool
Glass wool is a time-tested heat-insulating material, similar in its characteristics to mineral wool. For its manufacture, glass melt is used. Glass wool is produced in rolls and plates. This is a non-combustible, environmentally friendly insulation with soundproofing properties.
During the installation of glass wool insulation, it is necessary to use protective equipment and follow certain installation rules in order to avoid health hazards. 
Before you insulate the roof with mineral wool, you need to choose a material to create a vapor barrier, while a number of manufacturers produce glass wool slabs with a foil coating on the outside. This speeds up and simplifies the installation of this thermal insulation material.
Styrofoam
Extruded polystyrene foam (polystyrene) is a popular slab material that is used for roof insulation. It is characterized by high thermal insulation characteristics, resistant to moisture. Due to the fact that polystyrene foam does not absorb vapors, the boards can be mounted directly on the waterproofing without creating an air gap in the pitched roof.
The combustibility of expanded polystyrene and its vapor impermeability makes this material for roof insulation unsuitable for mounting a flat soft roof. 
Insulating a pitched roof, foam boards are laid between the rafters in one layer. It is required to ensure that the edges of the plates fit snugly against the wooden structures. Joints must be filled mounting foam, and stick reinforced tape on top.
polyurethane foam
- low thermal conductivity;
- low specific gravity;
- soundproof properties;
- biostability;
- waterproofing properties (due to the clogged cell structure).
Polyurethane foam is available in the form of rigid boards, and can also be applied to roof structure spraying method.
PPU boards have sufficient rigidity. They are easy to cut and drill, do not lose their shape during operation. Their installation is carried out according to the same technology as the thermal insulation of the roof with extruded polystyrene foam plates.
Spraying polyurethane foam modern technology already deserved recognition. The application of an insulating layer is carried out using special equipment, and this is the main drawback of this material. The main advantage of sprayed polyurethane foam is the ability to create a monolithic heat-insulating layer, since the foaming material fills all the cracks.
Roof insulation with penoizol is similar to the use of sprayed polyurethane foam. By their own technical specifications penoizol (carbamide-formaldehyde foam) is close to ordinary foam. The advantages of the material include the combination of its price and quality. Taking into account the coefficient of thermal conductivity, the cost of penoizol is lower than that of mineral wool, basalt slabs, extruded polystyrene foam. polymer material safe for human health.
Penoizol spraying is carried out using a foaming unit. The hose approaches the installation site of the insulation, and the foam fills the required gap. Thermofoam in a frozen form is a material that does not weigh down structures and does not have any harmful effects on them.
Penoizol differs from sprayed polystyrene foam in a higher level of moisture absorption, which is about 5%. Therefore, there is a need to install a vapor barrier.
When arranging a flat roof, use various materials for roof insulation. These include foam concrete, consisting of:
- concrete;
- cement;
- sand;
- blowing agent.
Foam material allows you to create a durable and reliable thermal insulation of the roof. Due to the low density, foam concrete does not create high loads on bearing structures and retains heat well. The advantages of the material include:
For the installation of foam concrete, a special mobile installation is used. The insulation layer can be from 30 to 150 mm.
This material is also used in the installation of flat roofs. Expanded clay is a bulk insulation that is laid on the floor slab or the outer surface of the roof. The material must be compacted and covered with a screed, while observing required angle roof slope to ensure the removal of precipitation.
The use of expanded clay leads to a significant increase in loads on building structures and the foundation of the building, which must be foreseen at the design stage. The quality of such insulation largely depends on the correct implementation of the installation work.
foamed glass
When choosing how to insulate the roof of a private house, you can pay attention to an environmentally friendly material with high thermal insulation characteristics - foamed glass. This material is made by foaming glass mass with carbon, it differs:
- resistance to deformation;
- durability;
- biostability;
- resistance to steam and water;
- incombustibility.
Foamed glass is used for thermal insulation of all types of roofs, regardless of the materials from which it is made. When installing insulation, it is important to take into account its low absorbency, and use polymer acetate glue to ensure high adhesion.
The use of foamed glass allows you to give elasticity soft roof to level its surface. This suitable material for the arrangement of flat exploited roofs.
Ecowool (cellulose) - insulation, which is made from waste paper. This is an environmentally friendly material that has excellent heat-insulating and sound-proofing qualities. To avoid such shortcomings of cellulose as combustibility and susceptibility to damage from rodents and microorganisms, ecowool is treated with flame retardants and bioprotective compounds.
Ecowool is a light and cheap material. But roof insulation with ecowool requires a special approach when it comes to installing a heat insulator between the rafters. From board materials it is necessary to create closed "boxes" into which ecowool is blown, completely filling all the cracks. The disadvantages of this insulation include the need for special preparation for installation and the use of specialized equipment.
Roof insulation with sawdust was popular before the advent of modern high-tech materials. Woodworking waste - environmentally friendly, hypoallergenic, breathable, but combustible material which must be taken into account when choosing a heat insulator. In addition, sawdust is susceptible to decay and can serve as a habitat for rodents.
With the help of such bulk material as sawdust, not the roof structure of the house is insulated, but ceiling. Ecowool can be used in the same way. A uniform layer of sawdust allows you to qualitatively insulate the ceiling of residential premises. To improve the thermal insulation properties, sawdust can be mixed with clay and treated with an attic floor.
The use of sawdust is possible only if the attic is unused.
The right choice of insulation and high-quality installation of the roofing cake will allow all year round to provide a microclimate favorable for health in the house, and in winter to save on heating.
The better to insulate the roof of a private house: mineral wool, sawdust, ecowool
Find out the best way to insulate the roof of a private house. Comparison of materials for roof insulation with mineral wool, sawdust and ecowool
How to insulate the roof in a private house?
- How to properly insulate the roof of a house
- The choice of insulation material
- Roof insulation procedure
Owning a private house, it is required to provide a certain temperature regime in it for comfortable living. To accomplish this task, you need to maintain the required temperature in his rooms. To comply with this condition, the house must be properly insulated. As you know, heated air rises to the ceiling, and then to the roof. Heat loss through the roof of the house is over 30%. Therefore, in order to maintain heat in the house, especially if an attic room is arranged under the roof, it is required to insulate the attic from the inside. To do this, you need to know how to insulate the roof of a private house correctly.
Scheme of the device of a roof from a professional flooring.
How to properly insulate the roof of a house
In order to competently make thermal insulation in a private house, you need to know how to insulate the roof and what is the sequence of work performed.
Firstly, in order for the roof of the house to be insulated correctly, you should correctly select insulation materials. In this matter, it is better to seek the advice of a specialist.
Secondly, during the preparation and calculation of materials, it is necessary to take into account the configuration of the roof.
Thirdly, when deciding how to properly insulate the roof, it is necessary to consider the strength characteristics of the roof itself.
Before starting work on the insulation of the roof, it is necessary to carefully examine the roof of the house from the inside. Any found defects and various damages must be repaired. Then everything wooden structures, especially the rafters and the crate, without fail to cover with an antiseptic and flame retardants. Conduct an audit of pipelines and electrical wiring passing through the attic. If necessary, cover the pipelines with thermal insulation (protection against condensate), place the electrical wiring in a protective casing.
The choice of insulation material
To know how to insulate the roof of a house, you need to study the characteristics of the materials used for this. The materials widely used for roof insulation include:
Ensuring air circulation when insulating a pitched roof.
- mineral wool and glass wool;
- expanded polystyrene;
- foam concrete;
- polyurethane foam;
- liquid polyurethane foam.
All types of heaters have their own indicators of thermal conductivity, breathability, moisture resistance and environmental friendliness. Insulating materials have different strength and service life and, of course, cost.
The most popular mineral wool in the form of mineral wool boards. It has the following advantages:
- Low thermal conductivity.
- Fire resistant.
- Suitable for any type of roof.
- Easy enough to install even by one person.
The disadvantage of mineral wool is its high moisture absorption coefficient. When wet, it loses its heat-insulating properties and strength qualities.
Roof insulation procedure
The process of insulation begins with the installation of insulation. The insulation is installed from the inside of the attic space between the rafters. A wind-moisture protective membrane (waterproofing film) must be installed on top of the insulation. It is installed on the rafters and fastened with a counter-lattice during the construction of the house. The crate is attached to the counter-lattice, and then the roofing.
Scheme of roof insulation.
Thus, between the crate and the waterproofing film, ventilation duct about 50 mm high, providing ventilation of the under-roof space. With the help of this channel, moisture vapor that has penetrated from the inside of the attic is removed, which prevents the insulation from getting wet. For efficient operation of ventilation, supply vents are organized under the roof canopy, and exhaust openings are located in the ridge part.
Insulation plates must be installed very tightly between the rafters so that cold bridges do not occur when it shrinks. To do this, they should be about 10 mm wider than the distance between the rafters. The plates must be installed in two layers in a checkerboard pattern so that their joints overlap. The boards should be installed in such a way that the ventilation gap of the under-roof space is not blocked. The plates are fixed by stuffing bars with a section of 50x50 mm onto the rafters. Since the thermal conductivity of the rafters is higher than that of the insulation, it is recommended to place another layer of insulation between the fixing bars. In the case when the distance between the rafters is greater than the width of the plates, they are additionally fixed with a stretched wire fixed on the surface of the rafters. A vapor barrier membrane is attached over the installed insulation. It is installed with an overlap of strips of about 10 cm, the joints are fastened together with adhesive tape.
After performing work on the insulation of the roof, the attic is sheathed from the inside with clapboard or sheets of drywall.
Knowing how to insulate the roof, and doing this work with your own hands, you can significantly increase the comfortable living conditions in the house and save money.
How to insulate the roof of a house is better: the choice of materials for insulation with your own hands (photo)
How to insulate the roof in a private house on your own. Step-by-step instruction insulating the attic. Features of the work. Rules for choosing a heater.
The better to insulate the roof of a private house
Heat losses through the roof of a one-story house can be up to 30% of the total, so there are increased requirements for the choice of insulation.
Proper insulation of the roof of a private house reduces heat loss and heating costs in winter, and also maintains a comfortable indoor temperature in summer, preventing it from rising.
Depending on the features of the implementation of the pitched roof and the building materials used, there are:
- warm roof,
- cold attic(ventilated roof).
Warm roof consists of several layers ("pie") of materials with different characteristics: waterproofing, vapor barrier, heat-insulating. Laying them on the roof structure in a certain sequence allows you to achieve best conditions operation of each layer.
If it is planned cold attic, then only the attic floor is insulated along the floor joists. Roof slopes are not insulated from the inside. This solution provides an improvement in the humidity regime during the operation of the roofing cake.
Roof insulation materials
When choosing a heater for a pitched roof, a number of requirements must be taken into account: the material must keep its shape throughout the entire period of operation, not form voids, and maintain thermal insulation properties.
Among the large range of heaters on the market, the most suitable for insulating the roof of a private house and meeting the specified requirements are:
Mineral wool
It is a fibrous insulation made from molten and solidified rocks. It has a high degree of thermal insulation, well extinguishes noise.
Available in rolls or slabs, due to its light weight it is easy to transport and install on site. During operation, it does not lose its shape, does not shrink.
Popular brands: Rockwool, TechnoNIKOL, Isolight.
- density 35 - 40 kg / m3,
- thermal conductivity 0.036 - 0.041 W / (m * K),
- incombustible,
- water absorption 1 kg/sq.m,
- vapor permeability 0.3 mg/(m*h*Pa).
glass wool
Mineral wool based on fiberglass is produced using a similar technology, by melting quartz sand or cullet. The material holds its shape well, retains heat, does not transmit sound, withstands temperatures up to 500 ° without ignition. It is also available in the form of plates or rolls.
Popular brands are Ursa, Knauf.
- density 15 - 20 kg / m3,
- thermal conductivity 0.035 - 0.042 W / (m * K),
- incombustible,
- water absorption<1 кг/куб.м.
polyurethane foam
Sprayed polyurethane foam insulation (PPU) is a liquid that, under certain conditions, enters into a chemical reaction, foams, then solidifies in the form of a porous solid material that forms an insulating layer.
The thermal insulation properties of polyurethane foam are high, it hermetically covers the entire surface to be treated, does not emit harmful substances after hardening, and sticks to any base.
Special equipment is required for the application of sprayed two-component polyurethane foam. Some types of polyurethane foam are available in easy-to-use aerosol cans, such as Polynor insulation. Working with this material is no more difficult than spraying foam.
- density 60 - 80 kg / m3,
- thermal conductivity 0.023 - 0.032 W / (m * K),
- incombustible,
- water absorption 0.002 kg/cu.m.
Expanded clay refers to bulk insulation - these are porous clay granules, light in weight and different in size. It has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, a high level of sound absorption, is absolutely environmentally friendly, non-flammable. It is often used for insulation of attic and interfloor floors.
- density 300 - 500 kg / m3,
- thermal conductivity 0.09 - 0.1 W / (m * K),
- incombustible,
- water absorption 10 - 25%.
There are a number of heaters, the use of which as heat-insulating materials for the under-roof space is undesirable due to adverse "side" effects:
Ecowool. It is made from cellulose fiber, therefore it is a highly flammable material, despite the treatment with flame retardants. Its application requires sophisticated equipment, and during operation, over time, ecowool shrinks - it is compressed and loses its heat-insulating properties.
Sawdust- a natural product that is unsafe from a fire point of view: it ignites quickly and burns well. Sawdust is a favorable environment for the development of microorganisms in them, the habitat of rodents and other small animals. Well absorbing moisture, they rot and mold, shrink, their thermal insulation properties gradually decrease.
Styrofoam. This material is available in the form of rigid boards. It is undesirable to use expanded polystyrene for roof insulation, since when the temperature rises to 80 °, it releases poisonous substances that are life-threatening. This material is used as a heater only under plaster or concrete-cement screed.
Comparison of the main characteristics of heaters
Work procedure
1. Installation of waterproofing film
When installing waterproofing, leave a gap of 4 - 6 cm between the film and the heat-insulating material. This is necessary for unhindered air circulation, due to which moisture evaporates. To provide the necessary ventilation gap, a counter-lattice of bars is stuffed onto the rafters.
The film is laid across the slope and fixed with staplers with an overlap of 10 cm. The upper fragments are placed on the lower ones, and the seams are fastened with adhesive tape.
2. Laying thermal insulation
Thermal insulation material is measured and cut off taking into account the distance between the rafters. The insulation is laid from the bottom up in the spacer between the rafters, this ensures reliable fixation and the absence of gaps. The remains and excess of insulation are not thrown away, but are used for thermal insulation of hard-to-reach places.
3. Arrangement of a vapor barrier layer
When installing the film, it is important not to confuse the outer and inner surfaces, since the vapor barrier is designed in such a way that it does not let moisture into the material, but brings it out.
The vapor barrier is fixed with stapler staples along the rafters. Laying with an overlap is done at least 10 cm both along and across the roof slopes, while the seams are fixed with a sealing self-adhesive tape.
The final stage is the installation of a counter-lattice, which serves as the basis for the interior decoration of the attic room.
Common mistakes when installing insulation
Violation of the installation technology of heat insulators can lead to the following negative effects:
- the formation of "cold bridges" - occurs when the integrity of the "roofing pie" is violated (for example, the gaps between the insulation are not smeared with moisture-resistant mastic),
- the formation of many icicles on the cornice in winter - occurs when warm air from the room penetrates through the roof, which leads to snow melting,
- increased heat loss, in comparison with the calculated ones, occurs when laying wet heat-insulating materials or when working at high humidity.
There are a large number of thermal insulation materials for roofs on the market. Choosing the right insulation will ensure the maintenance of a comfortable temperature in the house, the absence of toxic emissions, reducing the cost of heating in winter and air conditioning in summer.
How to insulate the roof of a private house: the choice of material for insulation
Technology for insulating the roof of a private house: the choice of material, the scheme and procedure for installing the insulation.
