How to build a wooden roof. How to make a roof installation with your own hands. Prices for ceramic tiles

Having completed the erection of walls, it is time to think about the structure that crowns the building. If we are talking about a small country house, garage or bathhouse, then it is not difficult to make her choice. The simplest roof for such objects is single or gable. It can be calculated and built on its own, without involving a team of carpenters.

In this article, we will look at common options. roof structures, let's talk about important features their selection and installation.

Types of simple roofs and their main elements

Any roof consists of a supporting frame and a protective roofing.

The framework includes the following elements:

• Rafters - inclined beams (serve as the supporting base of the roof).
• Ridge beam (connects the upper docking nodes of the rafters).
• Sheathing - flooring made of boards or OSB boards, laid on rafters and serving as the basis for roofing material.
• Counter-lattice - used when installing a warm roof (creates an air gap for ventilation of the insulation).
• Mauerlat - wooden beam (mounted on longitudinal walls). The lower parts of the rafters (rafter legs) are attached to it.
• Vertical racks, horizontal puffs and struts (used to reinforce the truss structure).
• Filly - boards nailed to the lower ends of the rafter legs to create a roof overhang.

Gable roof for summer cottages and baths (span width no more than 6 meters)

The design of a simple roof for a house is determined by several factors:

• the width of the covered span;
• the purpose of the attic space (residential or non-residential, passable or impassable);
• type of interfloor ceiling (wooden beams, reinforced concrete panels).

If the width of the building is small (up to 4.5 meters), and it is not planned to equip a living space in the attic, then you can stop at the shed roof option. It is economical and easy to install.

The rafters of such a roof can be leaned directly on the walls. To do this, one of them must be made higher than the other. So we will create a slope necessary for the runoff of rainwater.

If you decide to put one pitched roof on the walls of the same level, then to create a slope, wooden racks must be included in its design. After installation is completed, they are sheathed with siding, OSB board or blockhouse.

Options shed roofs for garages, sheds, gazebos and saunas

For asbestos-cement slate, the angle of inclination of the roof must be at least 22 degrees. For metal tiles, ondulin, bituminous tiles, the slope of the roof is made at least 15 degrees. Making the calculation simple pitched roof, remember that snow load is a serious factor. To reduce it, the slope of the slope is recommended to be made steeper. Otherwise, you will have to increase the cross section of the rafters and battens, which will lead to an increase in the cost of the structure.

If the width of the span is from 4.5 to 6 meters, then the rafters must be reinforced with braces (tilted racks made of timber). They will reduce the deflection of the rafter legs under the action of a snow load. The lower ends of the braces are embedded in the masonry, and when using vertical support posts, they are attached to them with staples, nails or serrated metal plates.

Shed roofs are most often used for small structures, such as garages, sheds, bathhouses or gazebos. A gable design with a large angle of elevation is the best option for arranging an attic space.

Main docking points

The main condition for the strength of any roof is the competent docking of all its parts. Therefore, when drawing up a sketch drawing, you need to pay attention to the nodes (the connection of the Mauerlat with the wall, the rafters with the ridge and the floor beams).

The device of a simple roof begins with laying a horizontal wooden beam- Mauerlat, on which the rafters will rest. It is attached to the masonry through threaded steel anchors (in brick walls) or to the studs concreted in the armored belt ( gas silicate masonry, expanded clay concrete, foam block).

The floor beams are fixed to the wall with anchor studs, and the Mauerlat is attached to them with nails or long self-tapping screws.

Methods for attaching the Mauerlat to the wall: a - with an anchor; b - a nail; in - a hairpin concreted in an armored belt

Options for fixing the rafters to the Mauerlat: a - with metal corners, a thrust bar (boss) or a notch; b - nails; c - steel bracket

Fastening the rafters to the Mauerlat with a bracket and a notch

Note also that the roof small house, barn or garage can be installed without a power plate, fixing the lower ends of the rafters directly to the floor beams.

The next important knot is the fastening of the upper ends of the rafters to each other and their connection with the ridge beam.

There are several ways to create this node. The rafters can be connected with a bolt and tightened with a nut (node ​​1). You can use an overlay from a piece of OSB board (knot #2) or fix them with a metal toothed plate (knot #3). For closer contact between the rafters and the ridge beam, notches are made on them.

It should be noted that the ridge beam, which increases the rigidity of the structure, is most often used on large roofs. It is also placed in buildings with pediments made of bricks, blocks or logs, which serve as supporting walls for it. Building small bath, garage or country house, you can do without this element. For a small roof, OSB sheathing or flooring will provide sufficient rigidity.

Variant of a simple gable roof without a ridge beam

If you are going to make a simple roof with your own hands, you should familiarize yourself with the recommended sections of the rafter legs (table No. 1).

Table No. 1 Calculated sections of rafters depending on the selected step

The cross-sectional dimensions of other elements of a simple roof can be taken from table No. 2

Features of the construction of a simple roof

The installation of the roof is started after the completion of the construction of the walls, the installation of beams or floor slabs. Having set the extreme rafters according to the level, they are attached to the beams or Mauerlat and fixed with temporary connections. After that, a beacon cord is pulled between them. Ordinary rafters are exposed along it and alternately fastened with the help of a crate.

In the presence of a capital pediment, installation is simplified, since the ridge beam laid on it serves as a support and beacon for the installation of rafters.

Installation roof frame at the top is hard work. When erecting a small roof, it is more convenient to assemble roof trusses on the ground. In this case, on the walls you will only have to connect them with the help of a crate into a single structure. Having assembled one truss, it can be used as a template for marking and cutting rafters, puffs and beams.

In preparation for the construction of the roof, be sure to do detailed diagram with an indication of the dimensions of all elements and a detailed study of the nodes. It will come in handy for you to calculate the purchased lumber and help you complete the installation efficiently and quickly.

A detailed drawing is an important condition for cost-effectiveness and quality of work

If the attic is residential, then the roof structure must include not only insulation, vapor barrier, but also a counter-lattice - a wooden block with a section of 30x50 mm. It is nailed to the rafters over a vapor barrier film to create a ventilation gap, and the main crate is attached on top. Without this “little thing”, the insulation in the cold season will get wet from diffusion moisture, and wooden details structures begin to rot.

Structural scheme of the insulated roof

If a solid OSB flooring is used when installing an insulated roof, then a counter-lattice is placed under it.

To protect the walls from rainwater, any roof needs overhangs. For a shed construction, they are made not only in the lower, but also in the upper part. If the length of the rafter legs is not enough to form cornice overhangs, then they are increased by nailing the “filly” boards.

The minimum value of roof overhangs should be at least 20 cm. To protect the gables from moisture, the length of the roof on each side is increased by 20-30 cm, creating frontal overhangs. The ends and lower planes of the overhangs are sheathed with a wind board.

Do-it-yourself gable roof

Do-it-yourself gable roof assembled - will become the tinned pride of the owner of the house and will fully comply with his desires. In order for it to be not only an ornament, but also a reliable, durable, protection of the building, it is necessary to carefully consider its design, draw up a detailed work plan. We will share experience and information on how to make a roof at home with our own hands.

Do-it-yourself gable roof truss system

Choosing a gable roof design is the most important part of the preparation. The strength of the frame determines not only its resistance to the weight of snow and wind pressure, but also affects the durability of roofing materials.

steep roof

The steeper the slope, the more free space will have an attic or attic room. In addition, with a slope of more than 50 °, snow on the roof will not accumulate.

Accordingly, the strength of the rafters may be less, and this will save a lot on the amount of lumber used. On the other hand, a roof that is too high experiences a lot of wind pressure, and can be destroyed during a hurricane.

Do-it-yourself sloping roof

Low gable roof easily tolerates strong winds, but has a reduced load capacity and is critical to the large weight of a thick layer of wet snow. The most ideal is considered to be a slope of 30 °. It is this angle that provides:

• sufficient strength
• balance between pressure and wind force,
• good illumination of the roof plane in winter time of the year.

Selection of the angle of inclination, taking into account the weight of the roof

The weight of the roof can be a significant part of the total weight of the roof. Therefore, when designing the frame structure, we also take into account the weight of the roof material.

Benefits of using modern roofing materials

When planning how to build a house roof with your own hands, you should keep in mind that a modern gable roof is lightweight and easy to install. Covering a roof with metal tiles is uncommonly easier and faster than doing the same with outdated slate. And the laying of self-adhesive soft roll bituminous tiles is not only many times faster, but also within the power of the most inexperienced person. In addition, it very effectively dampens the sound of falling rain and hail.

Features of preparing the base for roofing of various types

The step of the crate under the metal tile should correspond to the width of one sheet. Under soft roof fit sheet material. As a rule, waterproof chipboard is used for this.

It is not recommended to use continuous flooring from boards, since their size and shape can vary significantly depending on the level of air humidity, which can lead to premature destruction. soft tiles at the seams. The use of thick plywood is also not recommended. It is less durable than good chipboard and does not allow the use of nails.

Frame materials

For the construction of the roof frame, only coniferous wood is used. Beams and boards made of coniferous species are very strong, resilient, practically do not absorb moisture, do not rot and are not to the taste of tree beetles. To increase the fire safety of the roof, wood should be treated with appropriate fire retardants (special varnish OZL-SK, paint VD-545 for wood and flame retardants or biopyrenes).

Dimensions of timber and boards for various elements of the gable roof frame

The minimum cross-section of timber and boards for frame elements is determined from the table below.

The cross section of the rafters depends on the pitch and maximum length rafter leg.

Tools and fixtures

To build a gable roof with your own hands, you will need the following tool:

• axe;
• hammer;
• multi-purpose saw or crosscut saw;
• open-end wrench of the right size for nuts and tightening studs;
• pliers;
• construction stapler;
• screwdriver;
• nail puller;
• drill.

Commonly used hand tool, but using an electric one instead will speed up the work and simplify the task. It is very useful to have a plumb line and a water level at hand. The role of a plumb line can be played by any small weight on the twine. Instead of a water level, you can use a spirit level, but this is less convenient, and the accuracy of setting the horizontal in long sections is much lower.

In addition to the tool itself, you will also need the following devices:

• ladder or stepladder;
• winch, homemade or collapsible platform.

A little about security

If the height of the work site exceeds three human heights, be sure to take care of your safety before building a roof. All structural elements of the roof are of considerable weight and, in combination with the height, pose a potential danger to humans.

When lifting a wooden beam, boards, finished roof structures from the ground up, you need to use a winch, and not pull them with your hands. When laying the roof, be sure to use safety ropes or ropes that are securely fastened to a solid foundation. There must be a first aid kit at the construction site.

Do-it-yourself roof of a house: the procedure for erecting a roof

The gable roof can have a different design. Let's consider the simplest implementation.

Mauerlat laying

On the upper edge of the walls we lay the Mauerlat - the basis for the roof frame. Mauerlat is made from a bar with a section of 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm. TO wooden walls the beam is fastened with nails, bolts or staples.

IN stone walls fastenings in the idea of ​​​​anchors or threaded rods are provided even during their construction. Separate wooden blocks in masonry are not the best option for attaching a Mauerlat. As a last resort, wooden liners must be duplicated with mounting brackets or metal plates that tighten the Mauerlat and the stone base.

To prevent the roof of the house from being demolished strong wind, rods or anchors must be at least 10 mm in diameter. Between the masonry and the Mauerlat, a layer of waterproofing is laid - roofing material or other durable material.

Installation of a ridge beam

We install the ridge beam on the gables of the building. This will allow you to assemble the roof skeleton right on the spot. Do-it-yourself installation of gable roof rafters can be done even alone. The rafters are alternately laid from the ridge to the Mauerlat, fastened together at the top, cut in place and attached to the ridge. The design with a bearing ridge beam allows you to assemble the roof with your own hands or with one assistant. Overhang - a part of the roof that goes beyond the walls of the building, is formed due to the protruding parts of the rafter legs or additional extension boards - filly. Boards for them must withstand the weight of the hanging part of the roof and the gutter filled with water.

If capital gables are not provided for in the construction of the building, the rafters will need to be connected to each other on the ground and fed to the roof already in the form of ready-made rafter corners. However, their installation will require the coordinated action of several people. The upper part of the rafters is fastened with a ridge, which is knocked out from below.

Depending on the design of the roof, nails, metal plates, corners or studs can be used for fastening. The design of such rafters usually includes a transverse screed - a crossbar, and all the necessary cuts and notches. From the ground, finished truss structures are fed along inclined boards using ropes or a winch. The location of the rafter legs is marked in advance on the Mauerlat and the ridge, taking into account the chosen step.

How to make a roof at home: installing a batten

To increase the rigidity of the structure and reduce the expansion force, the loads on the walls of the rafters are tied with puffs. When building a roof with your own hands, it is easiest to use long boards or stacked beams.

1. After mounting the frame, the crate is installed. At the same time, they are guided by the rule: for a hard roof, the step of the lathing must correspond to the dimensions of the roofing sheets, and for a roof made of soft materials, a solid base is required.
2. A vapor barrier membrane is stretched along the inside of the rafters. It protects the interior of the house from atmospheric moisture. A heater is laid on top of the vapor barrier, and vapor-permeable waterproofing is placed on it.
3. Numerous pores of such a membrane are impervious to water, but let water vapor through, so that the insulation "breathes" and does not suffer from condensation. The gable roof, the photo of which is given in this section, ensures minimal leakage of internal heat.

1. Gutters and other elements of the drain are mounted on the roof overhangs. The final stage of construction is the laying of the roof and the sealing of all technological gaps and cracks. After that, the installation of the roof is considered complete.

Outcome

A do-it-yourself gable roof is a guarantee of high-quality roofing. Strictly following all the recommendations of experts, and following the step-by-step instructions with a photo, you can easily cope with assembly and installation. If you decide to entrust the work of a construction company, you will be able to supervise any process, select the necessary material yourself and make an accurate calculation of costs.

Arranging a roof with your own hands is a difficult task, but quite feasible for those who have at least a little experience in construction. In order for the work to go smoothly, it is necessary to carefully prepare, study the roof installation technology, the sequence of operations and fastening methods individual elements designs. About how the roof of the house is erected with your own hands, and will be discussed in this article.

Roof types

The most common types of roofs include the following:

• Shed;
• gable;
• Hip four-slope;
• broken line;
• Combined.

Each design has a number of features, so it is worth considering them in a little more detail:

1. shed roof. The roof, which has a single slope, differs primarily in cost - a minimum set of materials is required for installation. In addition, the installation process will be quite simple and fast. True, the price for these advantages in the end is quite significant: firstly, the design is not very attractive visually, and secondly, there will be too little free space under the roof for arranging an attic or attic.
2. gable roof. This version of the roof structure is the most popular due to the ease of installation and the ability to equip a full-fledged room in the under-roof space. A roof with two slopes is a little more complicated and more expensive than a single-slope version, but simpler and cheaper compared to a four-slope design. A key feature of gable roofs is the presence of triangular gables, which are located at the ends of the building. About how to do triangular roof, it is worth reading in more detail in the corresponding article.
3. hipped roof. For the installation of such a roof, thorough preparation and serious costs will be required. The design of the hipped roof includes many elements, so there will be a lot of work. The attic of this design cannot be equipped with windows due to the missing gables - but dormers and dormer windows are required without fail, because they will provide illumination of the room and evacuation if necessary.
4. Roof with broken slopes. As a rule, this type of roof is mounted if there is a desire to make a full-fledged attic. The design of the roof in this case involves the installation of its lower part with a large slope compared to the upper section, due to which the ceiling of the room rises and the usable area increases.
5. Combined roof. As the name implies, a combination roof can include features of several or all structures. This type of roofing has not gained particular popularity, but in some situations only a combination of various design features allows you to achieve the desired result.

The selection of the type of roof is always individual, so you need to build on your own wishes and capabilities.

Calculation of the roof of the house

Before making the roof of the house, it is necessary to perform calculations of all structural elements, to design the roof of the house. The best option there will be a full calculation of each indicator, but in practice this is rarely required.

The easiest way is to take the standard cross-sectional values ​​​​of the roof elements, especially when it comes to a typical building:

• Mauerlat - 150x150 mm;
• Racks - 100x150 or 150x150 mm (the exact value depends on the section of the rafters);
• Struts - 100x150 or 50x150 (determined individually, depending on how convenient it will be to connect the struts to the rafters);
• Puffs - 50x150 mm;
• Runs - 200x200 mm;
• Overlays - from 32 to 50 mm.

An accurate calculation of the height and section is performed exclusively for the rafter legs, taking into account the following parameters:

• The material used for the roof;
• The level of precipitation in the region (usually the values ​​obtained in winter are taken for calculation);
• Rafter step;
• span.

In principle, the calculation of the roof of a house with your own hands can be performed not very accurately, to approximate values ​​- but in this case, you need to add at least a small margin of safety to the results. To finally simplify the calculation process, you can use an online calculator or special tables of standard values.

If we make the roof of the house with our own hands, then we often have to mount insulating material as well. In this case, the height of the rafter legs will depend on the thickness of the insulation. The installation of the heat-insulating layer must be carried out in such a way that the material is located below bearing beams. Using mineral wool as a heater, it is worth considering that it requires a small gap through which the structure will be ventilated. This gap can simply be left if the rafters are high enough, or a counter-lattice can be mounted.

How to build a roof with your own hands

The general instructions for building a roof with your own hands look like this:

• Before building a roof, you need to take measurements of the building;
• Next comes the preparation of all materials (including the impregnation of wooden elements with antiseptics and fire retardants) and tools;
• Work begins with the installation of the Mauerlat;
• Next, a ridge crossbar is installed (if necessary);
• Then the frame is attached;
• The design is fixed and reinforced with racks, struts and puffs;
• A waterproofing layer and a crate are attached to the assembled frame;
• Next are necessary work to ensure good ventilation of the under-roof space;
• Then droppers are installed;
• The last step is the installation of the material chosen for roofing.

Mauerlat installation

Before you build the roof of the house, you need to create a structure designed to securely fasten the roof to the building - and this is the Mauerlat on which the assembled frame is installed. True, when installing a roof on a wooden house, a Mauerlat is not needed - its role will be played by the upper crown of the building. The roof will be attached to the walls with dowels.

The roof is installed in the same way. frame house- this time the upper trim will act as a Mauerlat. The connection of the elements of the building and the roof is carried out by cutting with the use of metal corners, in which there are holes for self-tapping screws.

It is quite another matter to install a roof on a brick or concrete house. In this case, you can install the Mauerlat in several ways, and the choice of a specific method directly depends on the result of the calculations and the experience of the master.

Mauerlat is mounted in one of four ways:

1. Wire connection. To implement such an attachment, it is necessary to lay the wire in the masonry at a distance of four rows to the edge of the structure. Mauerlat will subsequently be screwed to the walls with this wire. This option is the least reliable, but anyone can do it.
2. Mounting with brackets. This method involves laying wooden bars in masonry in four rows from the edge. One part of the bracket is attached directly to the Mauerlat, and the second to a pre-fixed bar. This method is also not difficult, but it is highly undesirable to use it in buildings with a heavy load on the roof.
3. Mounting with studs. Studs with a diameter of about 10-12 mm are mounted in the masonry. A Mauerlat is temporarily laid on top of them and tapped with a hammer, after which small depressions remain on it in those places where the timber will have to be fixed. These points are drilled through, after which the Mauerlat can be installed on the mounts and the nuts can be tightened.
4. Mounting with anchor bolts. This method is characterized by maximum complexity and reliability. Anchor bolts are embedded in concrete along the entire perimeter of the wall. The resulting fastening not only provides high-quality fixation of the roof, but also increases the strength of the edge of the wall made of lightweight concrete.

Instructions for the construction of rafters

The load-bearing elements of the roof must be securely attached to the strapping, for which several methods are used. If the roof of a wooden house is being built with your own hands, then the rafters can be exclusively layered.

It's all about two mutually exclusive rules:

• rafters wooden houses can be fixed exclusively hinged;
• Fixation hanging rafters can only be done in a rigid way.

That is why, when arranging buildings made of wood, only a layered truss system mounted on hinges can be used. To install such a roof, you will have to purchase special elements (usually called skids), which will ensure self-leveling of the roof when the house shrinks.

The self-created roof of a one-story house, the walls of which are made of brick or stone, can be equipped according to any scheme, but the greatest efficiency is achieved with rigid fixation of the rafter legs. Installation of the frame system can be carried out both with a cutting and without it.

To create a notched roof, you must first cut the rafters so that they fit snugly against the Mauerlat. In this case, it will be necessary to take out the cornice by means of fillies, which are attached to the rafter legs with at least a meter overlap. Fixation of structural elements can be carried out using any fasteners, but the best option there will be metal corners fixed with self-tapping screws.

If the roof is installed without cutting, then the filly will not be required - the necessary frame overhang will be made at the expense of the beams themselves. This option is somewhat easier to arrange, since it does not require an exact fit of all elements. In order for the rafters to fit well to the Mauerlat, stops or separate boards are used. It is better to fasten the elements in the same way as in the previous case.

Fastening and reinforcement of the frame

The assembled frame must be attached to the building box so that the entire structure is not blown away by gusty winds. For fixing, a 4-mm wire is quite suitable, pieces of which are wrapped near the rafter leg at its fulcrum. The free ends of the wire are attached to anchors installed in advance in the wall. In case of wooden houses it is quite possible to use staples - they will be quite enough to securely hold the roof in place.

To increase the strength of the frame, it is necessary to reduce the span of the rafters with the help of struts and racks. Struts are usually set at an angle of 45 or 60 degrees relative to the horizontal. Racks are supported by the walls below them or by special elements located in the space between the walls.

Also, the design can be strengthened by tightening, which reduces the bursting load. This is especially true when using hanging truss system. To assemble the frame, two puffs are usually used, mounted with self-tapping screws on both sides relative to the rafter legs.

Lathing, waterproofing and ventilation

First of all, it is necessary to install the selected waterproofing material on the assembled frame, and after that the crate itself can be fixed. Its design and the dimensions of the elements used are selected individually. Before you make the roof of a house with your own hands, you should read a separate article on how to properly mount the crate.

You should also take care of ventilation, for which you need:

• Provide air passage under the roof through the cornices;
• Free movement of air under the roof;
• Unobstructed air outlet through the ridge part of the roof.

Roof installation and insulation

One of final stages when assembling the roof is the installation of roofing. On the choice of the appropriate material and the algorithm for its installation, it is worth reading an article on the relevant subject. The last stage is the laying of the thermal insulation layer. Mineral wool is most often used as a roof insulation. The selection of the thickness of the mineral wool must be carried out, starting from climatic conditions in the region where the construction is taking place.

Conclusion

Mounting the roof after a detailed study no longer looks like such an unbearable task. Before you make a pitched roof, you need to prepare well, stock up on everything you need and plan the work. If you follow a clear algorithm and do all the work with the utmost diligence, then the result will be high-quality and robust construction, capable of standing for more than a dozen years and reliably protecting the building from any external influences.

Many owners strive to build a country cottage with their own hands and at some point they wonder how to make the roof of the house on their own, that is, with their own hands.

The main structural element of the roof is its frame, and as a rule, it is made of wood.

For these purposes, it is best to use hardwoods tree or pine.

In addition, even at the design stage of the building, you should decide on the type of roof.

The most common option is a gable roof shape, less often you can find a four-slope one, as in the photo below.

For a private house, brick or wooden, it is better to equip with your own hands gable roof, which is shown in the photo below, since its device and installation can be done by yourself without outside help.

Do-it-yourself roof installation should be done taking into account the extension to the house, if any.

In addition, it should be remembered that the manufacture and installation of the roof with your own hands is a rather laborious work that must be done correctly and in a certain sequence.

Do-it-yourself roof construction begins with its design, shape selection and selection of the necessary material. More on this in the video below.

Mauerlat arrangement

Before you make a roof for a private house (including a wooden one), you need to properly install and secure the Mauerlat.

Mauerlat is a certain basis that will take on part of the load from the roof structure.

Its installation is necessary when it is supposed to arrange not only a gable, but also hipped roof. It is on this basis that the construction of the entire roof will subsequently be carried out with your own hands.

Mauerlat device involves the use wooden beams, the cross section of which should be 15x15 centimeters.

The installation of these beams is carried out parallel to the future roof ridge, as shown in the photo.

The ability of the finished roof to resist loads will largely depend on the reliability of fastening the Mauerlat to the walls.

Its device should begin at the stage of building walls. To do this, between the bricks closer to the top of the masonry, it is necessary to lay a thick wire in increments of one meter.

This wire must be firmly fixed inside brickwork in its middle.

The hanging ends must be of sufficient length so that in the future it can be easily tied around the laid timber.

After the device and construction of the house with your own hands is completely completed, all visible parts of the wire for attaching the Mauerlat must be hidden under a layer of plaster.

When installing the Mauerlat with your own hands, you need to make a minimum deviation directly from the edge of the wall. It should be at least ten centimeters.

In order to further prevent rotting of the Mauerlat wooden beams, they should be insulated from the inside using a special material laid in several layers.

For these purposes, you can also use only. Mauerlat under a gable roof should be placed around the entire perimeter of the walls, while controlling not only its reliable fastening, but also evenness.

The construction of floor beams

After the Mauerlat is properly equipped, the floor beams are installed, which are one of the main elements of the roof of a private house.

The floor beams are installed in a certain sequence, as shown in the video below. First, the installation of the extreme beams is carried out.

It should be remembered that their removal will determine the future cornice, the recommended length of which is no more than fifty centimeters.

In order to choose the right timber for the construction of beams for the roof of a private house, a special calculation should be made.

It is necessary to control the places of their connection with the Mauerlat, and if necessary, clean it up a little or vice versa, place small pieces of plywood.

The pitch of the floor beams is selected taking into account the pre-calculated pitch of the rafters. The process of fastening the beams is shown in the photo.

After the installation of all long beams has been carried out with your own hands, it is necessary to correctly place the short floor beams. For them, the step can be taken with a value of one meter.

Carrying out the construction of floor beams, they do not forget about the cornice, as well as about the reliable fastening of the beams, in order to subsequently exclude sagging of the roof of the house.

The beams are fastened to the Mauerlat with nails. In addition, they can be fastened with special rafter corners or self-tapping screws.

After the installation of all beams is completely completed, it is necessary to lay ordinary floorboards on top of them, but do not fix them.

This is done for the convenience of subsequent work on the construction of the roof of the house.

Installing a beam under the skate

Any gable roof of a private house implies the construction of a ridge. After the installation of floor beams is carried out, you should proceed to the construction of a beam under it.

To equip the structure, you will need boards measuring 50x150 millimeters, from which the racks will be assembled.

They should be set in the middle part of the future frame strictly according to the level, and then carefully unfastened with temporary struts.

They begin work by installing the most extreme racks, after which a cord is pulled between them, which will allow you to correctly install all the other racks.

After all is built roof structure, all intermediate racks can be completely dismantled.

This will make it possible to equip another living space on the top floor of the house directly under the roof.

When choosing the height of the ridge racks, one should take into account what shape of the roof is planned initially. Experts advise taking its height equal to the height of the first floor of the house.

After the extreme and intermediate racks are checked for evenness and carefully unfastened, the ridge beam itself is laid on top of them.

It is not necessary to carefully fasten it to the entire structure, it will be enough to screw in a couple of self-tapping screws.

Any gable roof involves the arrangement of a ridge beam, so this stage of work is mandatory when building this part of the house.

One of the most important stages in the construction of the roof of a private house is the installation of an extension of the rafters.

First you need to make a template, you can do this if you attach the board from the inside to the end of the ridge beam and to the floor beam in the place where the cornice will be arranged.

However, this is not always possible, and in some sections of the roof extension frame it will be necessary to mount rafters with different sizes.

Installation of the extension of the rafters in place should be carried out simultaneously from two roof slopes. This is done in order to minimize the side load on the ridge beam.

If the length of the slope of the roof under construction is greater than the length of the rafter board that is at hand, then it will have to be spliced ​​from the inside of the structure.

It is better if the joint, which is made from the inside, is located at the bottom of the slope, while it must be reinforced with an additional stand. Fastening the rafters to the Mauerlat in the photo below.

Fastening the rafter board to the ridge beam is carried out with the help of several nails.

In turn, its fastening to the floor beam can be carried out both with the help of nails, and by fixing special mounting plates on self-tapping screws.

After all the rafters are mounted over the entire frame area, proceed to the installation of racks.

In the event that in the future it is planned to equip the attic under the frame as an extension, then these racks will become the frame of the walls.

In parallel with the racks, the crossbars of the roof of the house are also being equipped. In more detail, the arrangement of the rafters on the roof of the house is disclosed in the video below.

The device of the pediment and cornice

The pediment and cornice are parts of the structure that form the gable roof of a private house.

The pediment is an important element of the roof extension and its arrangement must be carried out in accordance with all the rules. Begin to mount the pediment should be with the installation of additional racks.

In order to install the gable of the roof as evenly as possible, you should stretch the cord between the bottom of the extension of the rafters.

After the frame for the pediment is assembled, you should equip the opening for the window. The size and configuration of this window can be arbitrary.

After the frame for the gable is fully assembled, it must be carefully checked for horizontal and vertical evenness.

It is recommended to equip the pediment of the roof extension of the house as carefully as possible, since it is on this part of the house that they first of all pay attention.

After the pediment of the roof extension is fully assembled, its eaves should be properly equipped. The cornice of this building is located around the entire perimeter of the house and, as it were, covers the facade of the walls.

The cornice is hemmed with special boards, while the frontal board must be unfastened at the ends from the inside of the floor beams.

In its lower part, the cornice is hemmed with two belts so that it is convenient to fix the soffit when performing exterior decoration.

When the cornice and the pediment of the extension of the roof of the house are being equipped, holders for the drainage system should be installed on the rafters from the inside of the structure.

At the final stage, it is better to sew up the eaves from the inside with siding.

Roof lining and insulation

One of the final stages in the construction of the roof of the house is its crate, in addition, it must be insulated from the inside.

To begin with, on the rafters it is necessary to unfasten the layer waterproofing material, while its surface should subsequently be inside the roof.

After that, you can proceed to the device of the crate itself. Its installation should be carried out based on what roofing material is supposed to be laid as a roof covering.

As a rule, each roofing material is supplied with detailed instructions, which lists all the requirements for the crate.

At the final stage of work, a frontal overhang is made and the ebb of the upper frame of the house is equipped.

To do this, it is necessary to attach a special wind board to the protruding ends of the finished crate.

After that, the so-called fillies of the gable overhang are unfastened from the inside with the help of self-tapping screws at a distance of one meter from each other.

Two belts are attached to them, which will subsequently be sewn up with siding. After that, it will be necessary to assemble triangular fillies, which are mounted on the outriggers of the pediment.

Two belts are also attached to them. It remains only to sew up the finished frame with the selected roofing material and.

If you perform work in accordance with the technology and in accordance with all the rules, then there should not be a question of how to equip the roof of the house without outside help.

In any case, the work of building a roof requires care and composure from its performers. Any mistake during the installation of the roof can lead to serious consequences in the future.

It is necessary to carefully control each stage of work and strictly observe the developed technology for building the roof of a private house.

And the roof of the house built by one's own hands is a reason for pride.

July 29, 2015 ( 1 ratings, average: 5,00 out of 5)

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If you are building your house and have already reached the stage of roofing, then from our article you can learn how to do it yourself. The roof is the most important element of any residential structure, so it should be given special attention. Not only comfort in the house in terms of temperature, but also the overall safety of the building depends on the quality of the roof. So let's figure it out step by step instructions for the construction of this node of the house.

Preparation and calculations

It is important to understand that the roof of the house is a complex and important structural element. For its construction, it is necessary to clearly calculate the amount of material, as well as take into account future loads. We invite you to familiarize yourself (in the table) with the average options for building materials for the construction of a gable roof.

Be sure to calculate the exact amount of material based on the size of the roof of your house. You can purchase material with a small margin, taking into account possible errors and defects. It is recommended to draw up a drawing of the future design. For this, by the way, you can use modern computer programs which will help to calculate the amount of material needed. After the calculations, we proceed to the direct execution of work.

Mauerlat is actually a load-bearing beam, which is installed on top of the erected walls and plays the role of a support for the entire roof structure. For Mauerlat, we choose a beam with a section of 100 × 100 mm or 150 × 150 mm, depending on the size of the frame and its future weight.

Mounting the Mauerlat can be done in several ways. The most common of these is to attach the timber directly to the top of the wall. To do this, metal studs are attached to the wall, and holes are made in the beam for fastening. A layer of insulating material is laid under the Mauerlat, after which the timber is “put on” on the studs and fixed with bolts. If the wall is wide, the beam can be overlaid with bricks, which will give the base for the roof more strength.

You can also fix the Mauerlat with concrete putty, but the best option would still be to fix the beam on special studs. However, for greater strength, several installation options can be used at once.

Do-it-yourself gable roof of the house is done strictly step by step. After installing the Mauerlat, we proceed to the collection and installation of the truss system. In our version of the roof, this structure is an A-shaped element that works on the principle of expansion. Loads must be foreseen, therefore, opposite walls must be strengthened before installing the system. For this, a beam is used (the section can be chosen similar to the Mauerlat), which is attached at the level of the ceiling beams.

By the way, the ceiling beams are laid before installing the rafters. Beams are fastened using corners. The installation step of the ceiling beams depends on technical features your home, but should not be less than 30 cm. Fix the beams securely and constantly check the strength of the structure.

If it is possible to lift a rather heavy load to roof level, the assembly of the system can be carried out on the ground. Otherwise, the system is going to ceilings. We take the beams necessary for the rafter legs and form a triangular structure, connecting the parts with nails. The triangle is installed with rafters on the Mauerlat. Be careful and be sure to take into account the desired roof height right away so that you do not have to redo the triangles in the future. Do not forget to check the installation vertical with a level and securely fix the structures to avoid distortions. Temporarily, you can use additional fasteners in the form of nailed boards, which can be easily dismantled at the end of the work.

Important: First of all, we install side structures on each side of the house.

Rigidly fasten rafter leg to Mauerlat. To do this, we use metal plates. You should get a securely fixed triangular structure, which will act as a kind of "template" for continuing work. Taking into account the dimensions of the beam and the angle of inclination of the rafters, we assemble new triangles and install them one by one on the Mauerlat. The number and pitch of the rafters depends on the size of the roof.

We strengthen the sides of the triangle with transverse boards (we nail them in the center of each side) and install the racks on the beds. They will play the role of additional support and will prevent the deformation of the roof. We attach a ridge run to the upper part of the entire system.

This element is the front "wall" of the roof, continuing the existing wall of the house. In order for the do-it-yourself gable roof of the house to look beautiful and be durable, it is necessary to strictly maintain the vertical levels of the gables and, accordingly, the truss system. It is also important to ensure reliable fixation, since the roof will be exposed to precipitation and wind, which can lead to distortions. You should also take into account the weight of the future roofing, so you should not neglect the reliability of fastening in any case.

The pediment looks like a triangular structure, which can be assembled both on the ground and directly at the work site. You can provide for the presence of a window at the gable. From below, the pediment is attached to the Mauerlat, and from above to the ridge run. You can sew up the pediment both at this stage and at any subsequent ones. As a rule, boards 50 × 100 mm or 50 × 150 mm are used for this. You can mount boards both vertically and horizontally - your choice.

The inner side of the pediment must be insulated and covered with an insulating layer. You can use the materials and technology that we will describe in the next section. As for the outer side of the gable, you can leave it as is, or you can sheathe it with siding, which will give your roof a beautiful look.

Sheathing and insulation

In order for a do-it-yourself gable roof to be reliable, be sure to insulate it. Can be used as a heater various materials, for example, the very popular mineral wool or other options based on it. Be sure to provide for the presence of a vapor and waterproofing layer.

We lay the waterproofing layer directly on the rafters and fix it. Next, we lay mats of heat-insulating material, placing them between the rafters with reliable fixation. Next, we lay a layer of vapor barrier, which we place on the inside of the roof. We fix the connections of the layers with a special adhesive tape. On top of the insulating material, you can immediately mount the finishing layer, or you can postpone this stage for later.

Now let's move on to the crate. Along the existing rafters, we lay a beam - a counter-lattice. The task of this element is to create a gap between the roofing material and the insulation. This helps to wick moisture away from the convection of warm air from the ceiling and attic.

Next, we mount the direct crate. Here it all depends on what kind of roofing material you are going to choose. For example, for tiles, the pitch of the crate should be about 50 mm, and for slate or wide tiles - from 100-150 mm. In other words, it is necessary to take into account the dimensions and weight of the future roofing material. In some cases, it is possible to make a continuous crate altogether. By the way, this option is considered universal, that is, suitable for any type of coating. But this greatly increases the cost. building material and the weight of the entire roof.

Installation technology differs depending on the type of coating. For example, when installing bituminous tiles, first of all, lay a lining carpet on the crate with an overlap of layers of about 150 mm and fix it securely. The carpet can be laid both along and across the existing crate, the main thing is to fix it securely.

Next, we install the cornices, if they are provided for by the project. The cornice strip is attached directly to the lining and fixed with nails or self-tapping screws. Do not forget to mount special brackets for installation in the cornice drainage system. After that, attach the end strips to the ends of the roof and proceed to laying the tiles.

We start laying from the center of the eaves, in both directions to the edges, moving layer by layer to the top of the roof. There is an adhesive layer on the tile, protected by a film - tear it off and glue each tile to the lining. We fix with nails in four places. Then repeat the procedure with each next tile. At the ends, the protruding edges of the tiles must be carefully cut and sanded. Do not forget to make roof penetrations - special holes for, for example, an antenna or a chimney. To do this, the tile is drilled in the required place, and the hole is reinforced with rubber along the edges.

A special ridge tile is mounted on the roof ridge suitable form. Here it is necessary to overlap by about 5 mm to avoid rain water getting under the material. Installation of a roof using other materials is carried out in approximately the same way, taking into account certain nuances for each of the coating options.

Your do-it-yourself gable roof is ready. Now you can go to interior decoration attic and work on wood coating with varnish, paint or other suitable materials. As you go, there is nothing complicated in this process: you will need necessary materials, a few assistants, tools and 2-3 days to work.