The concept and purpose of the lamp. Types of fixtures. How to choose the right lamp? What types of lamps are used to illuminate a room

When arranging residential premises of all types, it is impossible to do without lighting devices. Today, a large number of lamps can be found on the market for goods and services. In the selection process, it should be borne in mind that existing species chandeliers can differ not only in shape and size, but also in the method of installation, brightness of lighting. If you choose the right lighting, you can give the room a unique look.

Types of lighting fixtures for the home

The most popular home lighting fixture today is the ceiling chandelier. As a rule, such lighting sources are used for residential premises. Due to the variety of shapes, sizes and color solutions, everyone can choose suitable option based on the design of the room.

Depending on the mounting method, chandeliers can be divided into several groups:

• ceiling - installation is carried out directly to the ceiling; as a rule, such models are small in size and are designed for rooms with low ceilings;
• pendant - suspensions are used as a mounting, which can be adjusted in height, such lamps are classic and are designed for large rooms.

1. Sconce - a wall-mounted luminaire designed for local lighting. On sale you can find models with direct and directional light, as a rule, the second option is used as a backlight for large mirrors.
2. Spotlight - device small size, it is great for suspended and stretch ceilings.
   
   
3. A floor lamp is a type of floor lamp. Such varieties allow you to visually enlarge the room if they are installed in the corners of the room.
   
   
4. Table lamp- a common model of a light source used for a study or a children's room.
   
   
5. Night light - these types of devices, as a rule, are used for children's rooms for projecting various shapes on the walls and ceiling. The most popular option is the starry sky.
   
   

Attention! Spotlights can be installed in furniture or inside a wall.

What types of lamps are there

Today on sale you can find a large number of types of spotlights and chandeliers. All existing models can be classified according to a number of characteristics:

• the way of propagation of light - direct, diffused, reflected;
• fastening method - stationary, non-stationary;
• installation method - ceiling, wall, desktop, floor;
• by designation - household, outdoor, industrial;
• by functionality;
• by the type of lamps used - LEDs, halogen, fluorescent, incandescent lamps;
• by the way of power supply - electric network, batteries, individual power supply;
• depending on the shape;
• by the level of protection of the used lamp from moisture and dust;
• by the method of cooling - natural, forced.

Such devices can be remotely controlled, with which you can control the lighting level.

Types of spotlights

All existing varieties of spotlights are divided into groups depending on the installation method, lighting control and functionality.

External or, as they are also called, overhead spotlights are used to install frameless bases:

• concrete ceiling;
• brickwork.

Such devices consist of a special mounting platform and a housing with a diffuser. In this case, a mounting plate with a smaller diameter than the body is used. The body is fastened to the mounting platform using side screws.

Embedded models need a wireframe base:

• plasterboard structures;
• walls and ceilings made of panels or slats;
• stretch ceiling;
• furniture partitions;
• niches in the walls.

An alternative option is to install the appliances in the floor, pool, bar counters or on the stairs.

Suspended views must be mounted at some distance from the surface. To install the lamps, a decorative cable is used, which is previously fixed to the ceiling. It is not required to use additional parts that will strengthen the structure.

Advice! If it is decided to install massive lighting devices in the room, it is recommended to install additional mounting strips.

Types of ceiling lights

If we consider the types of ceiling lamps, then it should be borne in mind that they are conditionally divided into the following types:

• superficial;
  
  
• swivel;
  
  
• suspended;
  
  
• waybills;
  
  
• built-in;
  
  
• point.
  
  

Lighting devices can also differ in the emitted light:

• raster;
• halogen;
• incandescent;
• luminescent;
• energy saving.

As a rule, surface, hanging and built-in appliances are perfect for the bedroom and living room. Surface models can be, depending on the shape, round and oblong.

Mounting is carried out to a specific point on the ceiling surface. In order for the lighting to be as bright as possible, it is recommended to illuminate several zones simultaneously, as a result of which light sources are installed in the same room in different parts of the room.

What are the chandeliers

On sale you can find a large number of devices for artificial lighting rooms. As you know, chandeliers can be of different shapes, sizes, styles, colors, they can also differ in the method of installation, the number of built-in lamps.

If considered depending on the system, then we can distinguish suspended and ceiling models. The first option must be attached to the surface using a special hook on a chain or string.

Ceiling models are great for rooms with small ceilings. These chandeliers are shaped like a plate. Models can have a large number of segments or act as a single structure.

Important! Shades can be made of glass, plastic, crystal.

Types of LED strips

There are a lot of varieties of LED strips, they differ among themselves according to a number of criteria. If we consider the method of installation, then there are 2 types: DIP and SMD. If you are using surface mount (SMD), then this means that the LEDs and resistors are soldered to the board at the very top. DIP assumes that the LEDs are inside a special case, from which there are 2 outputs on each side.

Thus, SMD LED strip looks like a flat strip, while SMD looks like a chain made up of small cylinders. After these abbreviations, the manufacturer indicates 4 numbers, which mean the size of the soldered LED chips. For example, if you purchase led strip SMD 5630, this means the chip size is 5.6mm by 3mm.

Since there are many types of ceiling chandeliers, you need to understand how to choose them correctly. During the purchase process, it is recommended to adhere to the following recommendations:

• in rooms without windows, yellow lamps must be used;
• do not use fluorescent devices for studio work;
• it is imperative to check what type of fastening is included in the kit, it often happens that manufacturers save money and do not provide fastening elements;
• the chandeliers used must match the design of the room.

It is important to remember that the right lighting can transform a room. In addition, it is possible to visually divide the room into several zones.

Types of chandeliers and lamps: photo in the interior

The types of chandeliers are presented in a wide range of products, as a result of which an unknowing consumer can get confused in such a variety. If necessary, you can see how specific models look in the interior design and only then make a choice.

Conclusion

The types of chandeliers on sale are amazing and can confuse any person. Before purchasing a lighting device, it is recommended to first study the existing types and types, only after that you can make a purchase decision. It is important to understand that the beauty of a room largely depends on correctly selected lamps, in addition, with their help, you can visually divide a room into zones or create the effect of a floating ceiling and walls.

Luminaires are lighting equipment used to illuminate rooms. They scatter or focus light.

Lighting device

The main components of the luminaires are:

• Electric lamp.
• Cartridge.
• Lighting fixtures.
• Wiring.

The luminaires can work with different types of lamps. The most commonly used bulbs are incandescent, LED and fluorescent. They may have different type base for connection to the socket. In luminaires that are used indoors, the base format E14 and E27 is most often used. However, there are at least 10 more common options for slot and point lamps. A cartridge is used to fix the bulbs. It, in turn, is fixed in the lighting fixture, which acts as a diffusing device, which directs the light flux to the required lighting zone.

What are the lamps

There are several popular lamp variations:

• Chandeliers.
• Floor lamps.
• Night lights.
• Searchlights.
• Point.
• Current-carrying tires.
• Tabletop.
• Office.

These are ceiling lights that are used to illuminate living spaces. They can be directly fixed to the ceiling, which is typical for a small distance to the floor. In the event that the distance to the floor is large, then the chandelier is suspended with a cord or chain. Thanks to this, it is located lower, and the light from its lamps is spread more efficiently. Chandelier lamps can be positioned in different directions. Most often they are twisted with the base up. In this case, the emitted light is effectively directed towards the floor. As a result, the room is evenly illuminated. In the event that certain types of lamps shine into the ceiling, shadows are formed. For this reason, when choosing bulbs for a chandelier, you need to look at their design features.

Chandeliers fully illuminate the room. They are presented in many versions, and abound in the largest number of fashionable interior solutions. Chandeliers can be equipped with inexpensive bulbs with a standard base, which are easy to install and replace.

Despite the many advantages, such devices are not devoid of disadvantages. First of all, they require a complex connection. The electrical wiring for their power supply is hidden. In the event that stretch or suspended ceilings are used, this is not so difficult. For plaster ceilings, the cable is pulled through a special channel in the floor slab, which means fussing. Besides, chandeliers are difficult to clean from dust. Such lighting highly susceptible to mechanical damage. For this reason, chandeliers are not the best solution for children's rooms, where they can be broken during games.

Sconce

These are wall luminaires that provide diffused lighting. Usually their shades are made of matte plastic or glass. Sconces can provide different ways of turning on lamps. Sometimes an ordinary wall is used, located on convenient place, near front door... In the vast majority of cases, the sconce has a switch in its own case. To trigger it, you need to pull the cord coming out of the lamp. Disconnection occurs in the same way. The lace option is most often used for bedside sconces, and those that are located around the perimeter of mirrors.

Typically, sconces create background lighting for various decorative elements. With their help, you can implement the techniques of visual division of space into zones. Sconces are used as an additional light source. They are usually designed to accommodate only weak lamps. More powerful bulbs get very hot. This leads to melting plastic parts sconces, which are present in almost all devices of this type.

Floor lamps

Unlike previous varieties, such lamps are portable. They are installed directly on the floor. A tripod can be used as a stand, which provides the greatest stability, or one leg with a heavy platform at the base. There are varieties of floor lamps, which provide for a small platform that serves as a table. Such lighting devices can be placed near the sofa in the guest room or near the office chair. Usually, a floor lamp is turned on by a stationary button installed on its body, or by a switch on the wire coming from the outlet. The floor lamp provides rooms with soft light that is good for reading. Due to the high height of the floor lamp, sitting under it the light falls from top to bottom at a special angle for good illumination of books and newspapers.

A floor lamp is a mobile lighting equipment that can be carried and installed in the part of the room where it is needed. Floor lamps are located nearby, so weaker bulbs can be used to equip them. As a result, energy costs are reduced. Floor lamps are available in different styles, which allows you to choose an option for any interior.

Floor lamps illuminate small space, therefore, can be used indoors only as a source of additional light. Since this is a portable device, the appropriate electrical wiring noticeably. Since the floor lamp is standing on the floor, if it overturns, it may damage the light bulb. If an incandescent lamp is used, it will undoubtedly stop working.

Night lights

These are table lamps that direct light towards the ceiling or walls of the room. It diffuses well without creating blinding rays. Nightlights are usually equipped with weak bulbs. The cover covering them is painted in yellow, green, white or other soft color. Thanks to this, the transmitted light acquires a similar shade and does not blind the eyes at all. Usually nightlights are used for installation in children's rooms. Outwardly, such devices can be made in the form of animal figures or cartoon characters. Nightlights create a standby light in rooms. They are easy to transport, compact and easy to connect.

Floodlights

These devices have high power and focus light with a directed beam, therefore they are not used in residential premises. Similar equipment can be found in factories. The feature of the spotlights allows to provide effective illumination of the required areas, which are located at a great distance from them. The floodlight can be mounted on high ceilings. It is more resistant to mechanical damage than other types of lamps used for indoor spaces... Spotlights create directional light that can be offset at different angles.

Point

These luminaires are designed to be embedded in a suspended or suspended ceiling. Typically, they are designed with low light diffusion and direct their flux to a limited area of \u200b\u200bthe floor. Each spotlight is equipped with a small light bulb, which, due to its small size, does not shine too brightly. There is no reflector in the design of spotlights, therefore a special type of lamps is used for them. On sale there are bulbs for spotlights that can be connected to a 220V network, as well as 12V. The latter requires a power supply.

Busbars

These are modern lighting fixtures that are usually used to illuminate residential premises made in special styles, such as high-tech or loft. They represent a rail mounted on the ceiling. A swivel lamp slides over it, providing the ability to adjust to direct the light to the desired area.

Tabletop

Such a lamp combines the design features of a sconce and a night light. It is placed on a table and creates a diffuse or directional light that allows you to easily carry out painstaking work or reading. To turn on the luminaire, a switch on its body or wire can be used. Such lamps are usually installed on writing and computer tables... They can also be used in workshops to illuminate the workspace of a seamstress, jeweler and other professionals.

Office

These are ceiling lighting fixtures that are usually equipped with fluorescent or LED lamps. They are used for installation in offices and industrial premises as the main light source. They have a large reflective area and are equipped with several lamps at once, thereby creating a bright backlight. By the complexity of installation, they are absolutely equal to chandeliers. The design of office luminaires does not allow them to be used in residential premises.

Luminaire selection criteria

When choosing lamps, you should pay attention to the type of bulbs that can be installed on them. This consumable significantly different in cost. The most affordable are spot lamps, as well as with an E14 or E27 base, so in most cases it is better to dwell on the lamps compatible with them. Also, in the instructions for the luminaire, you need to find out information about the maximum power of the lamps that can be used in it. This is especially relevant when using incandescent bulbs that get very hot during operation. It should be borne in mind that many lamps have little space. This will prevent them from placing large bulbs with a high luminous flux.

Luminaires are devices that distribute artificial light in living quarters, offices and outdoors. With their help, you can visually enlarge the space, create a romantic or festive atmosphere, focus on interior details (mirrors, paintings).

Types of lamps

In the general classification, there are two types of luminaires: industrial and household. Industrial luminaires are intended for offices and industrial premises, household luminaires for residential buildings and apartments.

What are

• - functional luminaires that are suitable for spacious rooms and rooms with low ceilings. For large rooms, chandeliers with additional cords or chains and bulbs are used. Mini shades fit into a small space.
• Sconces are wall lights that are used for lighting. Mirror finishes require directional lighting. Shades made of frosted or colored glass create an even background illumination.
• Floor lamp - a lamp for the bedroom, gives a soft dim light. Such devices can be placed at different heights from the floor. They are also installed in the corners. dark rooms or light up the reading space in living rooms.

• A night light is a table lamp that projects an optical image onto the ceiling or walls of a room. The designs are most often used for children's rooms, made in the form of animals.
• Spotlights are high power lighting devices used to illuminate industrial premises.
• Low voltage, built into false ceilings. Feature: can change the light in the desired direction. Suitable for large industrial premises.
• Bus bars are small rails on the ceiling with swivel lights mounted in them. They fit well into the design of the kitchen, dining room, living room, hallway.
• LED luminaires are devices whose light sources are LEDs. Pluses of structures: energy saving, durability, compactness.

What materials

1. Wood is an environmentally friendly material, products from which will create an atmosphere of warmth and harmony in the interior. Suitable for high-tech style.
2. Glass - decorative materialwhich is used in decoration modern interiors... Such products will bring lightness and airiness to the atmosphere of the room.
3. Rattan is a natural material that is lightweight and reliable. Rattan products are favorably combined with modern styles, creating an atmosphere that is conducive to relaxation.
4. Fabric is a material that has interesting draperies. Will create a romantic atmosphere in the house.
5. Paper is a material that harmonizes cool elements in modern European interiors.
6. Metal luminaires are a durable and wear-resistant material, often used in decor. Forged elements add lightness and sophistication to the room.
7. Gypsum lamps are a material suitable for the decoration of strict interiors in monochrome colors.

How do they work

The lamp consists of a lamp and auxiliary elements that drive the mechanism: a starter and a choke.

• The starter is a neon lamp with two bimetallic electrodes. Voltage is applied to the lamp, a discharge is formed in it, after which the starter elements are closed. A strong current flows between the lamp bulb and the starter electrodes.

Then the electrodes open the system, the voltage rises sharply through the choke. Under the influence of voltage, the gas gap in the light bulb breaks through, and it lights up.

• The choke is connected to the lamp in series, so the voltage is divided into both elements, the starter is connected in parallel, so there is not enough voltage to re-short the starter electrodes.

The choke limits the current after turning on the device, maintains the stable operation of the lamp.

Luminaire characteristics

1. Luminous flux - the power of light radiation, which is perceived by a person as visible light. The unit of measurement is lumen.
2. Luminous intensity is the ratio of the luminous flux that propagates inside the solid angle to this angle. The value is measured in candelas.
3. Luminous efficiency - the ratio of the luminous flux to the electrical power used by it. The unit is lumens per watt.
4. Illumination - a value that determines how much luminous flux is per unit area of \u200b\u200bthe illuminated surface. Measured in suites.
5. Color temperature is a quantity that indicates the intensity (spectrum) of radiation. The unit of measurement is kelvin.
6. Color rendering index is characterized by naturalness and correctness of image reproduction.
7. Luminosity is the ratio of the luminous flux emanating from the considered small area of \u200b\u200bthe surface to the area onto which the light is emitted. Measured in watts per m2.

The standard set of the luminaire includes a device body, a driver and a model with a lamp. Additional accessories include: sockets, electromagnetic ballasts, electronic transformers, starters, lamp holders, chokes.

Benefits

• illuminate the room completely;
• variety of designs;
• comfortable color rendering;
• durability when used correctly;
• will add luxury and elegance to the interior.

• choice of color temperature;
• regulation of light brightness;
• ecological cleanliness;
• colored decorative lighting;
• compactness and flexibility of modules.

• mobility;
• energy saving;
• the ability to use directional light;
• ease of use;
• devices can be carried;
• suitable for different styles.

• creation of illumination of decorative elements and background lighting;
• the possibility of space zoning;
• wide range of applications;
• small size;
• easy to install and use.

• long-term;
• high brightness;
• resistance to mechanical damage;
• low energy consumption;
• the ability to create directional light.

• environmental Safety;
• ease of use and disposal;
• no source required to work direct current;
• made of durable materials (aluminum, polycarbonate);
• the ability to use directional light.

• used to create a standby light in rooms;
• original design and interesting forms of devices for children;
• possibility of transportation;
• compactness;
• ease of use.

• anti-corrosion properties;
• wear resistance;
• the ability to change the direction of light;
• durability.

Problems

• difficult installation;
• you need careful care;
• low security;
• large product sizes.

• fragility;
• unpleasant glow spectrum;
• large in size;
• operation requires expensive power supplies and cooling systems.

• light up a small space;
• potential flammability;
• dependence of the device on the outlet.

• not used for main lighting;
• there is no way to hide the wiring;
• small luminous flux;
• potential flammability.

• difficulty in operation;
• burn out from overheating;
• high frequency flicker;
• high price.

• sensitivity to interruptions in voltage;
• fragility.

• dim lighting;
• low color intensity;
• cannot be used as main lighting.

• limited functionality;
• instability of electric current.

How to choose a lamp

• Decide for what purpose you need a lamp. Consider room size and safety precautions. In rooms with high ceilings, use hinged products; for low ceilings, ceiling appliances with a rigid mount are suitable.

In rooms with a height of 2.5-3 meters, hang the chandelier at a distance of 2-2.2 meters from the floor. If the room is more than three meters high, the choice of location depends on your aesthetic preferences.

• The most durable and durable materials are glass, followed by plastic and metal. Fabric, paper, wood are flammable.
• For a spacious living room, opt for pendant chandeliers with multiple bulbs.
• For kitchens, choose chandeliers with adjustable suspension cord length. Ceiling lamps with two or three shades are suitable. The basic rule is ease of maintenance, as soon carbon deposits will form on the surface of the lamp after droplets of fat settle.

Don't buy textile fixtures, but rather look at options with decorative metal, glass or acrylic elements.

• For children's rooms, buy devices that are interesting in design: in the form of butterflies, flowers, fairy-tale characters. The lighting should be bright, but soft, not creating glare and streaks on the walls.

Avoid models of crystal or thin glass, choose safe materials - textiles or plastic.

• Lamps with a fabric or matte shade will fit favorably into the bedroom, they will give a dim light. You can illuminate the reading corner with sconces or floor lamps with soft light.
• Use sconces to illuminate small rooms (hallways, corridors); with the help of lamps of this type, you can change the dimensions of the premises. Sconces with upward orientation visually increase the space in height.

To expand your room, hang your appliances on a wide wall. For a long and narrow corridor, choose rectangular or oblong products. Opt for a chandelier with swivel spots that change the direction of light.

• For overhead lighting in bathrooms, use ceiling lights with matte or white shades. Hang a sconce to accentuate the washbasin or mirror area.
• If a floor lamp is needed for background lighting, its light should be soft and well diffused. If you want to light only part of the room for reading or working, you need a powerful fixture.

For convenience, use products with a table, as a decor - floor lamps. Select the height of the devices depending on the spatial dimensions of the room.

• Choose lamps for functionality. Pay attention to how the light is reflected. The heavier the stand, the better the lamp will hold. Good options - lighting equipment with adjustable height.

The tripod of the tabletop device should be flexible and change the angle of inclination.

• Choose the tone of the chandelier according to the interior. Dark shades absorb light, while white shades reflect. Greenish shades have a calming effect, red ones irritate. Universal option - luminaires that give a soft orange or yellow light.
• Lighting equipment should match the style of the room. Art Deco combines whimsical shapes and a variety of materials.

Country-style lamps are distinguished by the use of plant and rustic themes, made in yellow, light green shades. Cold tones and imitation of candles in shades are used for Provence style lamps.

The urban loft uses a variety of design solutions: lED lights, chandeliers-spotlights, spotlights, etc. The Tiffany style is distinguished by openwork designs, the use of stained glass and forged elements.

• If the room is located on the sunny side, then you will use the lamp only in the evening. You can get by with a floor lamp or a hanging lampshade.

Rooms on the shady side need regular lighting. To do this, place the appliances evenly around the room.

• Decide on the number of fixtures. If you choose one appliance, it should stand out from other pieces of furniture. Use large or medium sized items. When choosing a kit, pay attention to the fact that it is made in one color.

Which is better

The best light should:

• consume little electricity;
• not have power outages;
• correctly positioned along the height of the room;
• be functional, used as intended and illuminate the required space;
• have the necessary strength and brightness of light;
• be easy to use and maintain;
• be made of durable and safe material;
• fit the room in size, radiation intensity, color and style, fit into the overall design.

How to use correctly

• Use special spray detergents to clean the luminaires. Before starting work, disconnect the power supply and wait for the lamp to cool down.

• Second method: remove the lamp, disassemble it in detail and wash it. You can use anti-static wipes for cleaning.

• To wash crystal products, first apply to the surface of the appliance detergent... When the water starts to drain, wipe the technique dry. After 2 hours, you can turn on the lamp.
• For shades made of frosted or transparent glass, wipe with a damp sponge soaked in a solution of detergent.
• Store wooden, fabric and paper sconces away from sources of ignition. Remember to disconnect the power supply during repairs.

What is the guarantee for lamps

The warranty period for lamps is 18 months, unless otherwise specified in the device passport.

The warranty does not apply to goods in such cases:

• in case of violation of the rules of storage and operation;
• installation or repair was carried out by unqualified specialists;
• lighting equipment was connected to the network with an inappropriate voltage;
• the user has treated the device carelessly;
• traces of mechanical damage or changes in the design of the device are visible;
• if incorrect color rendition was noticed during the operation of the equipment.

The warranty includes repair, replacement of parts or complete exchange of goods. Batteries, starters and other batteries, as well as additional accessories are not covered by the warranty.

The presentation of a passport for the purchased product and a warranty card is required.

• Lack of contact of the wire with the cartridge. For repair, disassemble the luminaire design. If the chuck of the old model worked in the device, replace it with a new one. Check if the wire is firmly attached to the screws.

To increase the strength of the connection, it is necessary to additionally solder the ends of the wires.

• No contact of the wire with the plug... The wire at the entrance to the plug often breaks down. With such a breakdown, the plug is cut off and replaced with a new one. Pay attention to the diameter of the plugs of the old part.

Solder the wire to the plug for a secure fit. You can add diameter using a thick rubber band or electrical tape.

• Switch does not work... Turn off the switch. Using a multimeter or tester, check how it works. If it cannot transmit electrical signals, then the mechanism is out of order.

Replace the switch or connect the wires directly. Then the lamp will light up immediately after switching on.

• Broken wire... A sign of a breakdown is the flashing of a light bulb during transfer. Replace the wire with a new one with the same size. If the bends in the cord are sharp, use plastic or rubber tubing to extend the life of the appliance.

For serious breakdowns, contact a specialist.

Luminaire manufacturers

A lighting company that was founded in 2001. Assortment - more than 800 items of goods. Models of halogen and energy-saving lamps, table lamps and floor lamps have been developed.

Lighting equipment manufactured using LED technology is introduced into production.

A company that manufactures lighting equipment of non-standard shapes and designs. Materials - bronze, crystal, minerals. Among the products are chandeliers, wall sconces, table lamps, floor lamps, candlesticks and candelabra.

Services are offered for the reconstruction of outdated lamps, dismantling of lighting equipment, equipment repair. The wishes of the client are taken into account, it is possible to place an individual order.

The company, which was founded in 1994 in Denmark and first specialized in the production of halogen lamps in scandinavian style... Today - production for the manufacture of lighting equipment for residential premises and offices of any style.

When developing new products, it focuses on proven technologies and original design. Among the clients are construction hypermarkets and companies, lighting stores.

The products are certified and labeled with a high level of technical safety. The price is reasonable.

The models of the Italian company combine European fashion, elegance and classics with original and sophisticated design. Color solutions: golden, steel, orange, bright red; it will be easy to choose lighting equipment for the interior.

Stylish ornaments, streamlining and bizarre geometry of forms are characteristic.

EGLO

An Australian company that specializes in the manufacture of decorative lighting fixtures for interiors and public buildings. Table, ceiling and pendant models, spots and wall lamps for bathrooms and children's rooms are presented.

An exclusive brand that is engaged in the production of lighting equipment in different styles in line with modern architectural and design trends. Materials - crystal, glass, fabrics, wood, acrylic.

Luminaires are made using German equipment, then processed manually. The company's products are divided into the following series: Antic, Bergamo, Retro, Royal, Moon, Mocco, Rotonda.

Globo

Popular Australian brand that manufactures original lamps... Models available for indoor and outdoor lighting. Lighting devices and modular systems of the company are popular in 50 countries of the world.

Among the buyers are furniture stores, construction companies. The range of goods includes more than 2 thousand lighting devices.

Halogen products with high technical characteristics, functionality and great design. Affordable price.

The range includes interior lamps. Products are distinguished by thoughtful design, in production they are used quality materials and new technologies.

Among the products are wall lamps, chandeliers, sconces, floor lamps and spots that change the direction of light. The designs are different in shape, size, color and style.

The principle of the company is to provide a flexible system of discounts and promotional programs. Reasonable value for money.

The company is engaged in the production of decorative lighting for residential and office premises, shopping centers. The catalog is updated annually, the products are guided by fashionable novelties and technical improvements.

Products with strict certification, environmentally friendly materials are used in production. Plus the company - strong and durable products at an affordable price.

A German brand that specializes in the manufacture of lighting equipment. Crystal is used for production. The company has repeatedly participated in international exhibitions. The company's products will make the design elegant and modern.

The assortment of the company is 400 models from 90 series of the company's products. Devices presented different styles: classic chandeliers and pendants, ecological wood models, modern art nouveau and hi-tech masterpieces.

A wide range of colors for lampshades and shades. The technique is durable, strong and safe.

Collection of lighting technology in classic and modern style... The devices are made according to European technologies. Among the products are more than 60 series of chandeliers and 6 series of floor lamps, which will provide a room with top and side light at the same time.

Crystal products are made using Egyptian ASFOUR crystal.

Sonex

Russian manufacturer. Lighting equipment includes pendant and wall lamps, table lamps and floor lamps. The design combines classic and modern motives, a variety of different shapes and colors.

Notable collections: Alabastro, Quadro, Sakura, Duna, Ferola. Products are affordable.

Choosing a good lamp for your home is the same as solving a complex interior design problem. Going to the store for a new sconce or floor lamp, willy-nilly, you will have to be not only a buyer, but also a little designer.

INin any case, it depends on the appearance and characteristics of the lamp whether your home will become more comfortable or vice versa.

Types of lamps

Some models do not carry any design context and are faceless light sources. However, it is these lamps that fit perfectly into the laconic high-tech style. But decorative lighting devices provided the right choice suitable not only for a minimalist, but also for any other interior.

Nowadays, lamps are not only sconces and floor lamps, but also all kinds of spot and ceiling lighting. As a rule, such devices are difficult to choose on your own, so consultation of a professional designer will be more than appropriate. So, let's discuss the question "how to choose a lamp?" in more detail.

Sconce. What is a sconce and where is it appropriate to use it

The specificity of the sconce is that the flow of light from it is directed straight down and slightly to the sides. Therefore, such a lamp is used to illuminate a dressing table, mirror, headboard or even a dining table. Sconces can also be used to create soft general lighting, for which models with a ball-shaped lampshade are ideal.

Ceiling chandelier. Selection rules

When choosing a chandelier, stick to simple rule - what smaller room, the more compact the model should be. And for a tiny room, a mini chandelier with a very short cord or a rounded lamp attached to the ceiling is suitable. Check out Sale7.com for a huge selection of designer fixtures. Everything modern models from renowned designers.

Floor lamp. How to properly decorate a room with floor lamps

Not everyone knows that you cannot put indoor floor lamps at the same height. Firstly, the room will be unevenly lit, and secondly, it will take on a dry official look.

The floor lamp creates a pleasant twilight, conducive to relaxation or reading books. Therefore, such lamps are installed mainly in bedrooms.

And the best distribution of light and shade, visually enlarging the room, can be obtained by placing different-sized floor lamps in the corners.

Spot and strip lights in the interior

They are an indispensable attribute false ceilings... Their appearance and location depends on the type of ceiling (matt or glossy), its color, wallpaper design, and the desired aesthetic effect.

How to choose the right lamps for large and small rooms

A small room can be decorated with 3-4 small, evenly spaced lamps. Visually, the room will become more spacious and brighter. Another option is a single floor lamp with a wide and high shade. As a result, the room will also "expand" a little. If, moreover, the room has a low ceiling, only a floor lamp will fit into it. In this case, the overhead lighting will only visually bring the ceiling closer to the floor.

It is much easier to choose a lamp for a large room. You can stop at the option with two large chandeliers located at an equal distance from the end walls and from each other. Another solution is one lush cascade-type chandelier or spot lighting (if there is a false ceiling).

One of the determining factors comfortable stay in an apartment or house is normal, properly organized lighting of the premises. When starting repairs, many homeowners decide in parallel to replace old lighting fixtures with modern ones. It is clear that this requires at least a little understanding of their diversity.

There is also a second important point that is sure to concern consumers - how much light should the purchased lighting devices provide in the room? These questions are perfectly fair and closely interrelated. We must not forget that not only the comfort in the house, but also the health of its inhabitants depends on the amount of light entering the premises. In order to understand these issues, you need to know what types of lamps are, by what criteria they are subdivided, how they are optimally placed and, most importantly, how many and what lamps will be required to fully illuminate the rooms.

Therefore, we will combine these problems in one article - types of lamps and

Selection criteria for luminaires for residential premises

First you need to decide on what criteria the lighting devices are subdivided by, and then consider them in more detail. These include the following questions:

• Luminaire installation area.
• Design and installation method, number and type of lamps used.
• Design solution - material, shape and style.

Luminaire installation area

According to this criterion, devices are divided into ceiling and wall, floor and tabletop, hanging, hanging and built-in. Let's take a closer look at what they are.

• Ceiling lamps ... This type of device is located on the ceiling surface or built into it. They can, in turn, be subdivided into suspended, built-in and laid in special niches, as well as fixed to the ceiling with the entire plane of the back of the device.

Pendant lighting accessories include chandeliers that can be designed for a different number of lamps. Chandeliers are usually used to illuminate rooms with high ceilings, and they can have a very diverse, sometimes very unexpected design.

This type of lamp will always be appropriate, the only thing that needs to be foreseen when buying it is the style of the interior into which the chandelier must be fitted. Here you need to take into account the color, shape and number of lamps of the lamp, as well as its massiveness. IN small room a large chandelier will create a depressing mood and look clearly out of place. If the ceiling is low, then it is best to choose a ceiling lamp that is not suspended from a hook, but fixed directly to the ceiling.

Built-in devices are used for and - they are in another way usually called point.

Tape and tubular lighting fixtures are placed in specially mounted multilevel ceiling niches. They are most often used for decorative lighting and as additional lighting to the main one.

• Wall lights ... This type of product includes the well-known sconces, as well as the already mentioned recessed spotlights, tape and tubular lamps, which are also used for additional lighting and are fixed in niches or directly on the walls.

Sconces can be used both for indoor and street lightingwhen they are installed on the walls of a house or outbuildings.

You can't do without sconces in the bedrooms - it is customary to fix them at the head of the beds. Subdued light that spreads over a certain area of \u200b\u200bthe room does not interfere with the rest of the other inhabitants of the room.

• Floor lamps. The most popular of this type of lighting fixtures are floor lamps, which are usually installed near an armchair or sofa, that is, places where it is customary to spend time with a book or handicraft.

In addition to floor lamps, there are other options for floor appliances, but they are more often used as decorative or as additional to general lighting.

• Table appliances most often they are used to illuminate a table or bedside area - in the latter case, they are installed on a bedside table in bedrooms. Do not do without a table lamp on writing desk, especially if there is a student in the house, so this type of lighting fixture is in almost every home.

The division of lamps into groups according to their purpose should also be included in this section:

• General lighting devices designed to supply the main light into the room. These mainly include ceiling lights.
• Local lighting devices are used to supply light to a certain area of \u200b\u200bthe room, for example, on the work surface, bedside area, kitchen sink, etc. These lamps include sconces, table and floor appliances.
• Luminaires for combined use. Their function can be performed by ceiling and wall lamps installed along the walls and having a dimmer.

Thanks to this installation and regulation, the light can be bright and illuminate the entire room, or serve as a backlight for other lighting devices.

Lamp prices

fixtures

• Decorative lamps. This group of lighting fixtures is designed to create a special mood in a room or maintain the style of an interior.

In addition to the "piece" use, some lamps are used to create whole panels. When enabled, certain geometric or chaotic patterns are created on the wall or ceiling. Ceiling, wall and some floor lamps are used to create a decorative effect.

• Exhibition lamps.The purpose of these devices is to highlight objects that need to highlight some objects or areas of the interior. This group can include ceiling pendant lightsheight-adjustable and tire-mounted devices. In addition, wall options are suitable for a similar purpose.

Design and installation method

• Stationary luminaires fixed in one place and connected to the general lighting system of the house. These include all ceiling lights and most wall lights.
• Mobile lamps are connected through an outlet and can be transferred to any area of \u200b\u200bthe room or to another room. Almost all floor, table and some wall lamps belong to this category.

Since the luminaires differ in their design, their installation also takes place in different ways. The easiest way, of course, is to install and connect floor or table appliances.

• Chandeliers. To hang these lamps in the ceiling, a special hook is mounted, and then switching is carried out with the power supply. True, the hook is not the only way to attach chandeliers, since many devices of this type have their own suspension system.

Is it difficult to hang and connect a chandelier yourself?

It all depends on the degree of "technical knowledge" of the owner of the apartment, the availability of the necessary tools and on the design of the chandelier itself. You can get acquainted with the procedure for performing work in order to assess your strengths in a special article on our portal.

• Ceiling lamps, fixed directly to the surface of the ceiling, they are fixed on it with the help of special fasteners, usually supplied with the product.

• Spot lighting devices, embedded in plasterboard ceiling surface or in a stretch ceiling, may have different fastening structure, but the most common can be called a spacer, when the lamp is held by the ceiling surface with the help of special spring-loaded "ears". When installing connected to electrical cables the luminaire into the hole prepared for it, these "ears" are bent and then released - they tightly press the device from the inside to the ceiling surface. Only the front of the luminaire remains visible, while the rest of its structure is hidden inward, into the space formed between the ceiling and the suspended (tension) structure.
• Luminaires on tires. This type of lighting fixture is installed in special profiles or mounted on metal rods.

The lamps themselves are mobile - they can move along a profile or a rod, as well as turn in the desired direction, which allows you to create the desired intensity in a particular area of \u200b\u200bthe room.

• Sconce can be hung on brackets fixed to the wall surface or screwed directly to it. This version of the luminaires can be connected via an outlet or be built into the electrical system of the house and controlled through a switch.
• LED strips and tubes connected to a switch or through an outlet. Such lamps are used for illumination in addition to the main lighting, and fit into niches made of plasterboard and fixed to the ceiling or walls. In rare cases, this lighting option is fixed directly to the walls using special clamps. Often, such devices require a separate step-down transformer and a special control unit.

Design solution - material, shape and style.

This important criterion is considered by many consumers in the first place, since the lamp is initially selected according to its appearance... This item includes such characteristics as the material of manufacture, the shape of the shades and the luminaire frame, their color, as well as the style in which the device is made.

• Speaking about the material for the manufacture of lighting devices, it is necessary to mention both its frame and shades.

The frame of the luminaires is most often made of metal, on which a certain coating is applied, in harmony with other elements of the device - it can be gilding, nickel, silver, bronze or any color shade. Recently, more and more manufacturers replace metal with plastic, and then apply the above-mentioned decorative coatings to it.

In addition, the frame can be made of wood, and for this purpose, both processed wood and beautifully curved branches are taken.

Quite often, the frame base is made of several materials. So, for this purpose, wood and metal, plastic and metal and other combinations can be used in combination.

Spotlight prices

spotlights

Shades for lamps for various purposes and places of installation are mainly made of glass or heat-resistant plastic, but floor lamps and table lamps are often covered with a diffusing light shade made of fabric stretched over a metal frame. In addition, the plafond can be metal, but such lamps are intended only for local or exposure lighting, for example, to illuminate a desktop.

• It is almost impossible to describe all the existing shapes of lampshades and lampshades, they are so diverse - they can vary from regular geometric to absolutely asymmetrical.

In addition, shades can be decorated with different reliefs or made in the form of flower buds. Moreover, the shape is often chosen depending on what style the lamp is selected for.

• A few words must be said about the styles of lighting fixtures. IN last years in interior design, the most popular are several styles, so to speak, close in spirit to Russian residents of different age groups.

High tech. Young couples often decorate their home in one of the minimalist directions - high-tech style. And for lighting rooms decorated in this way, ceiling lamps on tires, strip and tubular LEDs for lights, metal floor lamps with small glass shades or having a nickel plated finish are excellent.

Speaking about this style in general, it must be said that it is characterized by the correct shapes of accessories, metal coatings and a minimum number of pieces of furniture.

Romanticism ... This style is dominated by light, delicate shades, indistinct patterns with the inclusion of plant elements, as well as birds. The frame of lamps for the interior in a romantic style can be made of light metal with gilding or silver or plastic imitating metal), as well as wood.

Lamp shades are most often made of impregnated fabric or plastic with a woven pattern, but can be made of glass. The most characteristic shape for romantic lampshades is the cut cone or hemisphere. In romanticism, different types of lamps are used according to the location - these are ceiling (chandeliers), wall (sconces), floor (floor lamps) and table appliances. The romantic style is well suited for decoration, as its shades are filled with freshness and pastel calm, which will contribute to a complete relaxation.

Country Is a "rustic" style with all the elements inherent in this area of \u200b\u200bresidence, mainly made from natural materials. Suitable for an interior decorated in this style, a large chandelier and a floor lamp with a fabric shade on metal frame, wooden lamps with lamps stylized as candles, as well as sconces with a round milky-white shade, etc.

However, this style is usually used to decorate private houses, since in order to fulfill all its requirements, high ceilings and spacious rooms are required, which is difficult to comply with in a typical city apartment.

Neoclassicsuitable for decorating both a house and an apartment with high ceilings, as this style is characterized by a large massive chandelier with numerous lamps and pendants. However, this style can be used to mix modern fixtures and fittings with "antique motives". So, tape or tubular are used to illuminate the ceiling. lED lights, as well as spotlights, all of which will perfectly harmonize with a crystal chandelier.

Since neoclassicism presupposes a large amount of light, it would be useful to install lights in it also in open pieces of furniture, such as bookshelves or shelves for decorative elements.

If you decide to decorate the interior of the room in other styles, then before buying lighting devices, you should find out more detailed information about them - there is an abundance of it on the Internet.

Chandelier prices

Choosing a lamp for a lamp

When choosing lighting devices, you need to pay attention to which lamps can be used in them. If still relatively recently there was only one uncontested option - these are ordinary incandescent lamps with different wattage, today the industry offers more economical and durable products.

One of the options already mentioned above is LED lamps, which are produced in different forms. But besides them, you can find halogen and luminescent ones on sale. In Russia, the usual incandescent lamps are still widely popular, but in Europe they were practically abandoned due to the high energy consumption and fragility. Certain steps in this direction, reception at the highest level, are being taken in our country.

Each type of lamp has a base that must match the lamp holder. Therefore, when choosing lighting fixtures in which the sockets are intended, say, for halogen lamps, it should be remembered that the bases of conventional incandescent lamps may not fit them. But at the same time, there are interchangeable types - caps, for example, LED, fluorescent and conventional lamps can completely coincide.

To choose correct option, you need to figure out what you should pay special attention to.

General parameters of lamps for luminaires

So, when purchasing lighting devices, it is necessary to study the characteristics located by the manufacturer on the packaging, the following parameters should be indicated there:

• Base type. As mentioned above, different types of lamps can have different caps. Their main types are shown in the figure below:

If there are only three of them on ordinary incandescent lamps - these are E14, E27 and E40, and the most common and used in everyday life is the E27 base, then in LED, halogen and luminescent varieties there are much more. Therefore, when purchasing a lamp, you should immediately pick up a lamp for it. The selection of lamps, by the way, is not a very simple matter, depending on many parameters - this will be discussed in more detail below.

• Device power.This value indicates the consumption of electricity by the lamp in a certain unit of time (usually an hour is taken as it). This comparison table shows the approximate wattage of different lamps to achieve the same luminous flux:

Incandescent lamps, W	Fluorescent lamps, W	LED lamps, W	Luminous flux, Lm
20	5 ÷ 7	2 ÷ 3	250
40	10 ÷ 13	4 ÷ 5	400
60	15 ÷ 16	6 ÷ 10	700
75	18 ÷ 20	10 ÷ 12	900
100	25 ÷ 30	12 ÷ 15	1200
150	40 ÷ 50	18 ÷ 20	1800
200	60 ÷ 80	25 ÷ 30	2500

From these data, it is immediately clear that fluorescent and LED lamps, with much less energy consumption, give the same luminous flux as incandescent lamps.

• Light flow - this value, which is mentioned in the above table, is measured in Lumens ("lm" and "lm") and characterizes the light output of the device.
• Working temperatures of devices.The temperature range indicated by the manufacturer on the packaging guarantees the trouble-free operation of the purchased device. It is especially important to pay attention to this parameter when buying LED lamps, since some of them are not intended for use outside heated buildings.
• Colorful temperature - this characteristic determines what color the radiation has a lamp. This parameter is called the color temperature due to the fact that with different heating intensities, the lamp can emit light that differs in shade. For example, a lamp with a tungsten coil, when heated to 900 degrees, emits a reddish tint of light, and as the temperature rises, it will change.

When heated, incandescent lamps have a color temperature of 1900 ÷ 2500 degrees, depending on their power. When choosing the color temperature of the LED lamp, you need to consider the place of its installation. So, if the temperature on the package indicates a temperature of 1600 ÷ 2200 degrees Celsius or 2700 ÷ 3300 Kelvin, then the light from the lamp will have a warm, even tint, and it is perfect for living quarters.

With the parameters 3900 ÷ 5000 degrees Celsius or 4200 ÷ 5400 Kelvin, the light from the lamp will be cold, close to daylight. Such lamps are suitable for rooms in which there are no windows to the street, that is, there is no daylight supply.

Since manufacturers usually indicate the color temperature of lamps in Kelvin, this table will help you easily cope with the choice of the desired shade.

• Degree of protection- a characteristic that shows the degree of protective sealing of the device against moisture and dust getting inside it.
• Working voltage - this characteristic shows the required voltage in the network for the operation of the device. The mains voltage standard adopted in Russia is 220V. But many lamps also require a different voltage, that is, connections through special transformers or power supplies. So it is impossible to lose sight of such a parameter when choosing a lamp.
• Life time... This parameter indicates the approximate operating time (so to speak, "motor resource") of the product before failure. This period is determined by the manufacturer, but should not be confused with the warranty period.
• Dimensions -these are length, width and height (L × W × H). It is necessary to pay attention to this characteristic due to the fact that the closed shades of the lamps can have different heights, and an unsuccessfully chosen lamp may not fit in it.

Now it's worth taking a closer look at what modern lamps are.

LED bulbs

LED lamps can be safely called an environmentally friendly light source, since safe components are used in their production and operation. Unlike some other varieties, such devices do not contain mercury, therefore, even if the case is damaged, they do not pose a danger to the environment and humans.

At the dawn of their appearance, LED lamps consisted of a base and a housing, into which a board with the necessary electronic elements and LEDs soldered in was installed. At first, they were most often used for local or exposure lighting fixtures, since in connection with their design feature, LEDs shine in one direction.

Fluorescent lamp prices

fluorescent lamps

Recently, however, LED lamps have also been produced for general lighting. They are given a variety of shapes - spherical bulbs, by analogy with conventional incandescent lamps, flat, cylindrical and others, and with the correct installation location, they are already able to illuminate the room completely.

The advantages of this type, in contrast to the usual incandescent lamps, include their following characteristics:

• Low power consumption.
• Long service life, since manufacturers claim their resource of 30,000 ÷ 50,000 hours of continuous operation.
• Low body heating temperature with high efficiency luminous flux.
• Mechanical strength of the protective case.
• The ability to manufacture lamps of any shape, including very compact ones.
• Environmental safety of products, as they do not contain not only mercury, but also other toxic substances.

The disadvantages of high quality LED lamps are minor. Basically, all the identified "minuses" can be attributed to their manufacture, since unscrupulous manufacturers do not comply with the norms established by the standards. These include the following points:

• The use of unstable plastics containing formaldehyde resins and phenols, hazardous to human health, for the manufacture of cases and boards.
• Lamps with a simple driver installed in them sometimes give a flickering effect.
• Poor quality of components and their assembly into the overall design, that is, "sweeping" savings on the parts provided for by the standards - this leads to LED flickering, excessive power consumption, overheating and melting of the case, and failure of LEDs.
• High price for quality products manufactured in accordance with standards. In other words, the cost of LED lamps has fallen sharply recently and this trend continues. So they are gradually becoming public.

It should be noted that in the Russian market it is not so easy to find lamps made in accordance with all the requirements, so there is a fairly high probability of purchasing low-quality products that come in bulk from the eastern borders.

If it is decided to use LED lamps in lamps, then you should not save on them by choosing the cheapest models. Correctly manufactured instruments should be equipped with a driver with a power factor corrector and frequency corrector and a ceramic capacitor. The lamp should be made of environmentally friendly plastics and without the use of lead for soldering LEDs. All these factors require considerable production costs, which makes quality products more expensive.

And it is completely unacceptable to buy LED lamps sold without packaging and without specifying all the necessary data on their characteristics.

Halogen lamps

Incandescent halogen bulbs consist of a body and a glass bulb different formsfilled with gas. Usually these are vapors of a mixture of iodine and bromine - such a composition increases the resource of the spiral heating up to 3000 ° K up to 2000 ÷ 4000 hours.

Halogen lamps are often used for local lighting, that is, they are installed in spotlights or table lamps with appropriate connectors and powered by AC or DC, but when using a soft start device. In this case, the service life of the lamps increases to 8000 ÷ 12000 hours.

Powerful halogen lamps up to 150 and 230 W are also produced by the standards of incandescent lamps. They are used in floodlights and ramps, for drying materials in an industrial environment.

Halogen lamps can be equipped with different types of caps and be marked accordingly:

• MR lamps are mainly intended for use in cars, but they are also used for installation in household lighting devices, in which case they work through a transformer.
• GU lamps are used in general lighting and work without a transformer.
• Lamps with an E14 or E27 base are used in the same way as conventional incandescent lamps. They are additionally covered by an outer bulb that protects the main quartz bulb with a tungsten coil from dirt and touch, as well as from contact with fusible materials.

• Halogen lamps, marked with IRC, are distinguished by the presence of a special coating on the flasks that allows the generated light to pass through, but inhibits infrared radiation, reflecting it to the spiral. Such a lamp has a high efficiency. So, a device with an equivalent power of only 65 W produces a luminous flux of 1700 lm.

The advantages of halogen lamps include the following characteristics:

• Pronounced compactness of products.
• Quite a long service life.
• High efficiency of products.
• A good light temperature, most often in the range of 2800 ÷ 3000 ° K, is the warm shades of light that are most comfortable for the human eye.

Disadvantages of halogen devices:

• The presence of a hazardous gas inside the shell of the lamps, which, if the devices are damaged, can negatively affect the state of human health.
• Damaged or worn-out lamps cannot be stored in the house for a long time - they require special disposal.
• Low resistance to humidity, so they cannot be installed in bathrooms.
• Halogen bulbs cost more than conventional incandescent bulbs.

Fluorescent lamps

This type of lighting elements in everyday life is called fluorescent lamps. They consist of a glass bulb coated with inner surface a layer of phosphor - a special mixture that contributes to the brightness of the glow. The flask, under a pressure of 400 Pa, is filled with argon and mercury vapor or amalgam - they contribute to the creation of ultraviolet radiation when an electric discharge occurs inside the container.

The luminous efficiency of this type of lamp is much higher than that of conventional incandescent lamps. The service life, with high-quality manufacturing, is about five years.

Fluorescent lamps are divided into low and high pressure... The latter are used for street lighting, as they have a higher power. The lamps low pressure are used for installation in luminaires used in industrial and residential premises.

Fluorescent lamps, thanks to their brightness and economy, have long been widely used to illuminate public office buildings, hospitals, schools and kindergartens. But if earlier lamps of this type were produced only in one configuration, and for them it was necessary to purchase a special lamp, today numerous models with an E27 and E14 base are on sale, so they can easily replace ordinary incandescent lamps.

Prices for halogen lamps

halogen lamps

The advantages of fluorescent lamps include:

• High efficiency and light output. So, a fluorescent lamp with a consumption of 20 W gives a luminous flux equivalent to that of a conventional 100 W incandescent lamp.
• These lamps are produced with different color temperatures, that is, they can have different shadeswhile giving diffused soft light.
• Quite a considerable resource, sometimes reaching 20,000 hours. However, it is possible for well-made and correctly connected lamps, and usually practical indicators are more modest.

The disadvantages of fluorescent lamps include the following points:

• Increased fragility of lamps - you need to handle them with extreme caution.
• The presence of mercury inside the flask, the total amount of which can range from 2.3 mg to 1 g. Therefore, when the flask is depressurized, the lamp becomes an object of chemical hazard.
• Sometimes there is an uneven light flux, sharp for the eyes or causing a distortion of the natural color of objects.
• With prolonged use of lamps, their inner coating gradually collapses, which leads to a change in color temperature, a decrease in light output, and as a result, a decrease in efficiency.
• The appearance of the flickering effect, due to aging or due to poor-quality workmanship.
• In addition to the above, there are additional minor flaws.

Letter marking of fluorescent lamps for domestic use in accordance with GOST 6825-91 by color temperature is as follows:

• LB - white light
• LD - daylight
• LE - natural light
• LHB - cold white light
• LTB - warm white light

If the letter "C" is added at the end of the letter marking, it means that the lamp has an internal phosphor coating with improved color rendering - "deluxe". The addition of two letters "ЦЦ" means that the coating will provide high quality color rendering - "super deluxe".

How to choose lamps by wattage to ensure normal illumination?

The choice of lamp power for luminaires depends on several factors, therefore, in each case, this parameter may be different, but the following can be attributed to the main ones:

• The presence of natural light.
• Room ceiling height.
• Room area.
• Desire to create special intensity in certain areas or special effects.

But if we proceed from the standpoint of optimal illumination, that is, without creating any effects, then a simplified version can be used to carry out the calculation, or “dig deeper”.

Simplified method for calculating the required power of lamps for lighting

If we rely on the standards developed by specialists, then according to them, a power of 15 ÷ 20 W will be required to illuminate 1 m² of the room, if we start from the conventional equivalent of incandescent lamps. So for modern apartments with a standard layout, you need to provide:

• For a living room of 18 m² - 270 ÷ 360 W
• For living rooms of a smaller area - 150 ÷ \u200b\u200b200 W
• For the kitchen - 100 ÷ 150 W
• For the corridor - up to 200 W
• - 100 ÷ 120 W
• For a toilet - 60 ÷ 80 W

If indoor installations are considered different kinds lamps, then in order to navigate in their choice, you can use this table:

Room area, m2	LED lamps (LED), W	Fluorescent lamps (CFL), W	Conventional incandescent lamps (LN), W	Luminous flux, Lm
1	2 ÷ 3	5 ÷ 7	20	250
2	4 ÷ 5	10 ÷ 13	40	400
3	6 ÷ 10	15 ÷ 16	60	700
4	10 ÷ 12	18 ÷ 20	75	900
5	12 ÷ 15	25 ÷ 30	100	1200
7 ÷ 8	18 ÷ 20	40 ÷ 50	150	1800
10 ÷ 12	25 ÷ 30	60 ÷ 80	200	2500

But this is a very simplistic approach that leaves out many important factors. Therefore, the discerning user is encouraged to make more accurate calculations.

Algorithm for self-calculation of illumination - with calculators

The illumination of the room, as already mentioned, must meet certain standards. And the main task of carrying out the calculation is the selection of such a number and characteristics of lamps that will ensure the maximum possible correspondence of artificial lighting to natural, most favorable for human perception.

The calculation algorithm assumes to build on the existing sanitary standards for illumination established by the current SNiP. It is carried out, of course, for main lighting devices. Decorative and local lights do not belong to them - there the user is free to independently choose the illumination level, especially since many devices of this purpose are equipped with dimmers.

So, the calculation will be based on the following formula:

Fl \u003d (En ×Sп ×k ×q) / (Nc ×n × η)

And now we will slowly deal with all these indicators included in the formula

• Fl - the calculated luminous flux that each lamp installed in the luminaire must have. That is, exactly the value that needs to be determined.
• Yong - established by SNiP 23-05-95 recommended parameters of illumination of premises in residential buildings. This indicator is measured in lux (Lx) and must correspond to the following values:

Type of premises in a residential building	Recommended norm of illumination of working surfaces in the premises of a residential building, Lk
Living rooms	150
Sleeping	150
Baby	200
Kitchens	150
Corridors, hallways	150
Bathrooms, toilets, combined bathrooms	150
Entrance halls	30
Stairways and platforms in the entrances	20
Floor corridors and platforms	20

As you can see, there is no particular scatter in the values \u200b\u200bfor residential premises - only a few stand out against the general background. Above, in the region of 200 ÷ 250 Lx, illumination for a home workshop may also be required if it is supposed to perform delicate work there. However, this is usually solved by installing an additional local lamp, for example, a table lamp.

• Sп -this is the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in which it is necessary to provide the required level of illumination. We will not dwell on calculating the area - for rectangular rooms this is the product of length and width, for more complex configurations it is required individual approach... However, we will give a hint for such special cases.

How do you calculate the area of \u200b\u200ba room if it's not a rectangle?

The school geometry course is sometimes forgotten, and the non-standard configuration of the room can put the owner in a difficult position when calculating the area. It's okay, follow the link to the article devoted to - it looks at a lot of examples, contains handy calculators.

• k - the so-called safety factor. It depends on the type of lamps planned for installation (taking into account their ability to gradually lose the glow intensity) and on the degree of dustiness in the premises, that is, the presence of interference with the propagation of light. Since in residential premises, presumably, the owners do not allow strong dustiness (more than 1 mg / m³) or a high concentration of vapors, this coefficient can be considered equal:

- for gas-discharge lamps - 1.2;

- for conventional incandescent and halogen lamps - 1.1;

• q - the coefficient of unevenness, which is especially important for rooms where precise visual work, constant reading or making notes, etc. is expected.

It is taken equal to:

- for incandescent lamps and mercury gas-discharge lamps - 1.15;

- for basement fluorescent (so-called energy-saving) and LED - 1.1.

• Nc - the number of luminaires planned for purchase and installation in a particular room.
• n - the number of horns (installed lamps) in one lamp.

It is clear that these last two parameters will set the total number of lamps that will work in the room. Naturally, if the calculation is carried out for only one lamp, both of these values \u200b\u200bshould be equal to one. In this case, the final result will show the total luminous flux required for normal room lighting.

• η - coefficient of use of the luminous flux. With this value, it is somewhat more difficult, since one more preliminary calculation will have to be performed.

To find the utilization factor in the tables, we first define the so-called room index. It is calculated by the following formula:

i \u003dSп / ((a +b) ×h)

i -room index.

Sп- area of \u200b\u200bthe room, m².

and and b - the length and width of the room, expressed in meters

h - The planned height of the luminaire relative to the floor level. It is important - not the height of the canvas, but the excess of the lamp above the floor. For example, the ceiling has a height of 2.7 meters, and a chandelier with a suspension rod length of 60 cm is purchased.This means that our lamp height is 2.7 - 0.6 \u003d 2.1 m.

After the calculation, the resulting value is rounded up to the nearest 0.5; 0.6; 0.7; 0.8; 0.9; 1.0; 1.1, 1.25; 1.5; 1.75; 2.0; 2.25; 2.5; 3.0; 3.5; 4.0; 5.0.

To speed up the calculation process, you can use the online calculator below.