Sauna in the country with your own hands. Do-it-yourself bath: projects, photos, description of construction stages. Choosing a convenient place for a bath

Sooner or later, every self-respecting lover of out-of-town recreation has a bathhouse in the country. This is not even a whim, but an important element of relaxation, a harsh necessity for a summer resident. At the same time, it is not necessary to upset a standard steam room of five square meters in order to steam and wash, it is enough to build a bath in the country in a mini-format, with a useful area of \u200b\u200b6-12 m 2.

Bath in the country: projects

A small-sized washroom in the country has always been a favorite object of creativity. Each private owner was looking for his own version of building a small bath in the country with his own hands, projects of foundations and finishing of premises. There are many projects, but almost all of them are tied to the peculiarities of the location of the site and the main building.

Among the universal options, the following schemes are most often used:

• The most affordable version of the wash compartment - compact bath for giving in the form of an extension to the main building;
• The most common frame mini bath with insulation and clapboard wall cladding;
• A full-fledged lumber building with a washing section allocated in a separate room;
• The most affordable mini bath in the construction with your own hands for giving from edged boards is forty.

The last option is good because it can be built on almost any patch of a summer cottage in five to seven days. Such a design will stand for three to four years without any problems, until the time comes to build a real bath.

Small bathhouse for giving from a roofing board

The main advantage of such a bath is its low cost and a large interior space. Most of the box is set aside for the utility block, where firewood and garden equipment are stored, the steam room and the dressing room occupy about 2/3 of the room.

The use of board shields significantly weakens the walls, so the bath box at the dacha is supposed to be built on a strip or slab foundation according to the project. Such a temporary hut can be built on the purchased plot with old cottage... While they go renovation work, in the bathhouse, you can steam and store the necessary material and tools.

The walls inside the bath are sheathed with thermal insulation, it is possible with mineral wool with aluminum foil. To prevent water from flowing inside, you can build a canopy or cover the boards with a thick plastic wrap, at least 0.2 mm thick, on pre-filled counter-battens.

The simplest version of a mini bath for a summer residence

Sometimes the owners of a summer cottage prefer to build a steam room directly against the wall of the house. In fact, this is a universal cabin made of boards and beams, in which you can steam or take a shower at the same time.

It is clear that it is possible to build a single bath box only if a brick oven is laid in the summer cottage, in the immediate vicinity of the wall.

To warm up a mini-bath in the country, you can use a thick stainless steel or alloy steel fire tube. The part facing the stove is laid with a bath stone to a depth of at least 40 cm. A water tank with a dropper is installed above the stove, the steam flow warms up the cabin in 10 minutes.

What is interesting about this project of a bath - cabins for a summer residence:

• You can build it in a day, while the body of the bath is best made of pine boards - forty;
• The cabin does not require any additional foundation or insulation. You only need to build a shower tray with a wooden drain;
• The time for preparing the bath is no more than 10 minutes, during this time the walls and water in the shower tank have time to heat up.

Instead of a fire oven, you can build a steam generator or use an industrial model for apartment saunas. A water tank for a shower is installed in the upper part of the sauna cabin. A built-in electric heater is used for heating. It is most convenient to build a room with an exit from the bathhouse to the covered veranda of the country house, then you can take a steam bath in any weather.

Classic miniban project

For a summer cottage with a plot of at least 10-12 acres, standard frame and bar-shaped mini baths are most often chosen, designed for two to three people.

One of the layout options for a bathhouse for a summer residence is shown in the diagram below.

For your information! A feature of the layout of such a mini bath is the minimum number of internal partitions.

In small boxes of 2.5x2.5 m, the construction of a rest room is useless and meaningless, what kind of rest can there be.

You need to leave a small dressing room 2x0.7 m. This is enough to put your things, sit, you can store a supply of firewood here, from which it is convenient to heat the stove.

Both types of bath rooms are built on a columnar or bored foundation. Build frame bath do it yourself for a summer residence it turns out much easier and faster, although somewhat more expensive due to the large amount of insulation.

The construction of a bathhouse in the country from a bar will cost 20% less, but you will need to build a pile foundation and seriously tinker with the shrinkage of the walls. At least once a season, the mezhventsovy seams will need to be minted with tow. It is possible to build a box with a ventilated facade, but this type of bath cladding is rarely used for giving.

Location features

In addition to a successful box project, you will need to choose the right place in the country where you can build a bathhouse without occupying the most valuable areas of the territory. On the other hand, the steam room should be located at a sanitary distance from the summer cottage in order to ensure a fire-prevention distance and a minimum of smoke in the area in front of the house.

A typical project for a simple mini-bath involves building a room between the portable toilet and the cottage building.

The second option is the most common. In this case, the building is taken out to the maximum distance from the house, preferably closer to shrub or tree plantations that close the box from the wind.

The bathhouse can be built in the so-called sanitary zone of the summer cottage, while the foundation area, even without taking into account the height of the piles, should be above the drain pit or septic tank.

How to build a bathhouse in the country with your own hands

First of all, you need to decide on the material and method of building the walls. The construction of the foundation depends on this, which in any case will need to be built a couple of weeks before the construction of the walls of the bath. If the structure is frame, then an MZLF is placed under the bath box; for the timber version, you will need to make a pile foundation.

Material selection

Most summer residents believe that a bathhouse can be built from the remnants of building materials left over from the construction of a house. In fact this is not true:

• Walls and a frame must be built from high-quality material, best of all, a bar and a timber board;
• On the filing of the subfloor and ceiling slab saunas, you can use trimmings, low-fat timber, slab, any remnants of lumber that have undergone sanitary and fire treatment;
• It is best to build the foundation for the bath from asbestos-cement pipes, or cast bored supports, for these purposes, pieces of old reinforcement, pieces of roofing material and the remains of cement of any brand will fit;
• The pallet and stove screen can be built from any red brick. It is better to buy the stove for the bath itself ready-made or weld it from a 50-liter household propane cylinder.

Roofing, wiring, chimney and sewerage pipes, wall insulation and ventilation systems must be purchased new. Any attempt to build a sauna room, for example, using old insulation for the walls, usually leads to the fact that the steam room turns out to be cold and drafted from all sides.

Foundation

The easiest and cheapest way to build a bored columnar foundation. If the bath is planned to be built on rocky ground, then you can do with pillars made of ordinary red brick or cinder block; for a 3x4 box, you will need to build at least 12 pieces.

The dimensions of the brick supports are 30x30 cm, the height of the pillars is selected such that an air gap of at least 30-40 cm remains between the rough floor of the bath and the ground.It is clear that it is possible to build on the pillars only if the relief of the summer cottage has a slope of no more than 7 o ... Otherwise, you will need to plan the point of installation of the supports, dig out the cushions to a depth of 30 cm and fill them with a mixture of sand and fine gravel.

To build a pile foundation, 10-11 piles will be needed, screw models from metal pipes for small buildings in the country are rarely used because of their high cost. Most often, according to the marking of the foundation with a garden drill, ten wells are drilled to the depth of freezing, asbestos-cement pipes are hammered in and poured with concrete. Half an hour after pouring, wire or pins are laid in each pile under the pile field with a bar.

Construction of walls

The most durable of all wooden structures are mini-baths made of timber. It is important to be able to correctly lay the first timber crown, laid on the foundation waterproofing.

The timber needs to be leveled horizontally and re-processed protective impregnation... First, they assemble the box and lay the floor beams, only then the windows and doorways are cut out with a chainsaw.

A frame bath box for a summer residence is easier to build. In the corners of the strapping, vertical posts from a bar of 100x100 mm are installed, leveled and sewn with crossbars and temporary struts, everything that is found in the country. Next, the ceiling ceilings are laid, the lintels and frames of future windows are stuffed. The rough walls of the bath are sewn with boards, slabs or any handy lumber available in the country.

Then thermal insulation is laid, first foil-clad polyethylene foam, then mineral wool and film insulation. Outer walls are traditionally filled with clapboard or plastic panels.

Roof

Initially, you will need to insulate the ceiling ceiling. To do this, a pair of longitudinal cranial bars is sewn onto the lower edge of each ceiling beam, which was laid earlier. Further, along the bar guides from the scraps of slabs and boards available in the country, a rough ceiling is assembled. It is covered with vapor barrier and laid with mineral fiber plates, covered with polyethylene.

The next step on the walls of the bath is the rafter beams. The roof can be built in a single-pitched version, since the strength of the frame is large enough to withstand any amount of snow.

For gable roofs all the details - the ridge, the pairs of rafters and the planking of the pediment - are assembled on the ground, sequentially raised to the ceiling and knocked down with nails and steel corners. The easiest way to build roofing is from metal tiles, as the cheapest, strongest and easiest to install.

Finishing work

The interior of the bath is always lined with clapboard. The dressing room is sheathed with pine clapboard or tongue-and-groove board, the ceiling and steam room - with linden or aspen lath.

Wooden structures adjacent to the stove must be treated several times with a fire retardant solution and dried thoroughly. The shower compartment is best finished with plastic. Pine or aspen is laid on the floor. All the decoration inside the summer cottage bath is treated with a special oil that prevents the absorption of condensate and water vapor.

Communications and heating

Usually in the country for a small bath, water supply is not laid. Instead of centralized water supply in the dressing room, next to the firebox, a water tank is installed. This avoids problems with freezing pipes in the bath.

The drain system is equipped depending on the construction of the floors. The bath can be equipped with a drain floor system, as in the photo, or a separate shower tray.

Dirty water is removed by gravity through a bellows elbow into a sump.

For heating the bath and heating the steam room, metal stoves with a brick screen are used. Most often, the loading window is displayed in the dressing room or on the street. This avoids carbon monoxide poisoning that penetrates through the firebox into the bath when the draft falls. The stove must be placed on a stone or brick foundation. A single heating of the bath is enough for 40-50 minutes. steam room work.

Conclusion

The presence of a bath in the country remains the same attribute of a suburban area, like a summer kitchen or a gazebo for relaxation. The design of the steam room and the stove is constantly being repaired and improved, according to the reviews of the masters, the process of alteration and finishing work never ends.

Often, land plots only involve the construction of only vital structures. The small area of \u200b\u200bthe site, the use of each piece of land for planting or thoughtful simply leaves no room for additional buildings. In this case, there is only one way out for lovers of bath procedures: the construction of a mini-bath. What is a mini-bath for a summer residence, how to build it and what is needed to build it - let's figure it out.

Read in the article

Mini-bath for a summer residence. Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantage of the mini-bath is the area occupied during its construction. The second, no less important parameter is the cost of building a mini-bath in the country.

Usually mini-ovens for small volumes are metal structures designed to generate steam. As an example, consider the Varvara Mini sauna stove.

Sauna stove Varvara Kamenka mini

This is a wood burning stove with overall dimensions 48 × 66 cm and 88 cm high. Steel structure the firebox itself is covered from above with a casing, inside which there are convection channels. The air, heated in the area of \u200b\u200bthe firebox, goes through the holes in the casing into the stove, thereby quickly heating the stones. As a result, the oven heats up very quickly, heating up a small room in a very short time.

In addition, there are more simple designs stoves in which the heater is heated directly, by the influence of heat from the combustion of fuel. When using in the steam room, you need to provide a place for storing fuel, or a shed near the bath.

With small volumes of a steam room, in some cases it is advisable to use electric sauna stoves and electric heaters.

On a note! Installing a heat exchanger on the chimney will allow you to quickly warm up the air in the steam room. But this option is possible with the appropriate dimensions of the bath.

Sauna mini-pools

Additional installation in the bath will expand the functionality of the bath and add comfort. It is worth noting that it is better to initially provide for the laying of the pool in the bathhouse project, since mini-pools for baths require the supply of water supply systems, water drainage, heating.

For this reason, building a pool into a finished bath is quite troublesome and costly. There are several types of pools designed for installation in a bath:

• Stationary... In this case, the pool is initially included in the bath project, a foundation pit is pulled out under it, the pool walls are concreted and covered with a decorative coating. This type of pool is mainly used for full-size bath buildings.
• Font... A metal or plastic structure designed to fit into a pre-prepared bed. To put it into operation, you only need to connect the font to the water supply system.
• Portable pools... Metal structures with plastic trim... As well as a hot tub, they are installed in a prepared bed, after which they are connected to the water supply system.

Pools can be equipped with water heating systems, hydromassage equipment, but in this case, the help of qualified specialists is required to connect them.

Mini-sauna for summer cottages

It is distinguished from the bath by the type of steam and temperature. In order to make a sauna out of a steam room, it is enough to install an electric steam generator, an electric heater or a wood-fired sauna inside the steam room. When using a steam room for a sauna, it is recommended to use one type of interior decoration: pine, linden or alder. A mini-sauna in the country should be as closed as possible, practically airtight. Particular attention should be paid to its thermal insulation. This is necessary to maintain a high temperature inside the sauna for a long time, with minimal energy consumption.

portable sauna

How to build a small bathhouse for a summer residence with your own hands

Before the construction, you should familiarize yourself with the projects of the already built baths and choose the most optimal option. Projects of mini-baths for giving with their own hands (both frame and timber) are quite widespread, and it is not difficult to find them. Before you build a small bath with your own hands, you need to decide on the type of bath, the material for its construction and the location.

After all organizational issues are resolved, you should proceed directly to the construction process. First of all, build the foundation and then proceed with the construction of walls and interior decoration.

Related article:

This technology is used to accelerate the construction of not too heavy buildings and other architectural structures. In the article you will find step by step instructions erection of a structure and useful advice from specialists.

The main requirement during construction is accuracy. Everything should be done calmly and slowly. This will allow you to build a bathhouse in a short time without excesses in work.

Helpful advice! When purchasing materials for construction, focus on the middle and high price range. Purchase soft materials for the roof, heaters and a vapor barrier according to a pre-calculated estimate, + 10% for the stock of material.

An important point when building a bath is not to forget about. For a steam room of a small volume, a channel in the wall is enough; for larger rooms, a fan will need to be installed. This is necessary so that our small bathhouse in the country house is a place of comfortable rest, and not a peddler of miasms.

Article

Many people want to have a bath in their summer cottages. But for operation only in the summer, it makes no sense to make a capital construction. A light compact steam room, corresponding to the size of the suburban area, will cope with its functions.

The advantages and disadvantages of the structure

The summer bathhouse is a lightweight building with a metal stove, a dressing room and a washing section with a steam room. It practically does not differ from the capital Russian steam room, except in size and lack of reinforced insulation. In small summer bathhouses, in order to save space, the washing room is equipped in a steam room, without separating these rooms with partitions.

Of course, the size of the building depends on the capabilities and desires of the owner. Baths are installed as a separate building, or combined with a country house, workshop, greenhouse, summer kitchen and other buildings. The bathhouse is not needed in the summer building. It is enough just to install a comfortable gazebo or just a canopy next to it, place a table and several benches there. In summer, it is more pleasant to sit in the fresh air, and the walls of the gazebo can be closed with mosquito nets.

If on summer cottage the water supply is not laid, then you need to equip the summer water supply. It differs somewhat from the winter one, namely, in that it needs mandatory conservation (draining water from pipes) so that the frozen water does not destroy the water supply system.

The advantages of summer cottage baths include:

• low cost;
• construction in a short time;
• no need to build a capital foundation;
• can do it alone;
• easily dismantled;
• is lightweight.

The main disadvantage country bath - this is the lack of the opportunity to "turn around the Russian soul": the building cools down quickly, as it keeps heat well, but does not accumulate it.

Examples of summer baths

When the owners are at summer cottage construction they want a lightweight version of the steam room only for the warm season, brick buildings are rarely used. Such a heavy bath requires a strong foundation. Accordingly, making a brick summer steam room is impractical.

According to the materials of manufacture, buildings are as follows

Often, if a plot for a summer residence was acquired recently, then it lacks the most basic amenities. In such cases, a bathhouse can help out, which contains everything you need for use.

It is also possible to purchase a barrel sauna, which consists only of a steam room. But even in it, if you wish, you can find a place for a shower and bring the drain from the pallet to the street. Such a bath does not take up much space.

Sometimes summer residents, not wanting to waste time and money on the construction of an expensive bath, purchase mobile baths. It can be on wheels and transported with a trailer. For such a bath, you do not need to build a foundation, but a stand and an extension cord are enough to heat an electric oven.

A cheap, reliable bath called "clay chuck" can be built from a firewood machine, a cart of straw and a clay dump truck.

Stages of building a summer steam room

The first step in preparing the construction of a summer bath is to create a project. In parallel, the location is selected. The distance of the summer bath from neighboring areas is taken into account. It must be at least one meter.

Initial work

Layout and preparation of the construction site. Possible tree roots are uprooted, the site is cleared of construction waste. Next, the first stake is driven strictly vertically (this is how the corner of the bath is marked). From it, through the planned length of the walls, the second, third and fourth pegs are hammered, which are tied with a cord. Having checked the equality of the marking diagonals, we begin to dig a trench or holes for the foundation. Then they move on to building the foundation. Next comes the construction of a blind area, 120–150 cm wide, made of clay or concrete.

Varieties of foundation for a light structure

The basis for a summer bath in the country can be built of different types, depending on the weight of the structure. The strip foundation is strong and reliable, despite the ease of its construction. For its construction, it is necessary to pour coarse sand 20 cm thick on the bottom of the dug trench, spilling it with water and tamping it with a board with a handle attached to it. Next, you need to fill in a layer of gravel of the same height as the sand, install a reinforcing cage (2-3 metal rods, fastened together with a piece of wire) and fill the entire structure with concrete.

If your site is not in earthquake-prone regions, then you can refuse to reinforce the foundation of the summer bath. But it must be remembered that over time, the structure settles, and if the soil is clay, then the foundation may not withstand and collapse. And the reinforcement gives the structure elasticity and protection from sudden collapse. It is important to remember: the foundation takes time to gain maximum strength. This period is usually 28 days. For proper drying, the erected part is covered with a film and moistened for several days. Only on the 3rd or 4th day is it opened and allowed to dry completely.

The columnar foundation is simple to construct. It is necessary to dig shallow holes with a step of 1.5–2.5 m and install concrete pillars in them. For a uniform load of the bath on the posts and their possible uneven shrinkage, they are tied with a beam, a bar or a shallow tape. This type of foundation is not suitable for clay and swampy soils.

The pile foundation is rarely used. It is needed in the case of difficult soil at your summer cottage or when building a bath near a reservoir. In this case, the structure is installed on metal, wood or concrete piles.

The clay foundation is a reality that has survived to this day.

A trench is dug, the depth of which should be below the level of the fertile layer, and the width is 3 times the width of the foundation itself. In a separate open pit, a solution consisting of clay, water, sand, sawdust or straw is kneaded with bare feet to the state of a plastic mass and left for several hours. A ready-made foundation mortar made of clay is placed into the installed formwork made of boards or metal sheet (compaction must be compacted) and left to dry completely. After removing the formwork, the foundation is moistened with water and rubbed with fine sand.

And then the most important thing begins: firewood is laid in the space between the walls of the foundation and the walls of the trench and set on fire. This is done so that, under the influence of high temperature, the foundation is burned - to acquire high strength. For this process to occur more intensively and better, the trench should be covered with a metal sheet. Such a foundation will stand for a very long time. Do not forget to close it before laying the walls. waterproofing materials... Sometimes the owners of the plots build a simplified version of the base for a summer bath: from flat stones and clay.

Erection of walls, supply of communications and finishing

It is necessary to immediately determine the location of the stove and make a foundation for it. It is important to remember that the base for the stove should not touch the base of the bath itself by either side: it must be a separate element.

Then you need to do communications and finishing work.

1. Arrangement of drain. A plastic pipe with a diameter of 40 mm is inserted into a special hole in the center or corner of the bath, brought into a cesspool or drainage pit.
2. Before erecting walls on the foundation, it is necessary to lay high-quality waterproofing. Frame-panel technology is very popular. In this case, construction will require lumber in the form of a bar of 150 x 150 mm or a board, a profile pipe for mounting the frame structure and sheathing made of sheet materials with insulation. Wooden elements are treated with an antiseptic.
3. Construction of the walls of the summer bath.
4. Roof installation. A single-pitch or gable is suitable.
5. Finishing work. They consist in flooring, ceiling, wall cladding, chimney removal.
6. Arrangement and decor. The shape of the shelves is selected individually, because someone just likes to sit, and someone wants to lie in the steam room. Therefore, in the first case, the length is usually 40-60 cm, and in the second - 150 cm.

Building your own summer bath in the garden is a doable task. The lack of insulation work will simplify the task. The time and effort spent on construction will pay off with convenience and comfort while taking bath procedures. It's so nice to take a steam bath in a self-built sauna.

A small do-it-yourself bath is a great option when the area near the house or in the courtyard of the cottage is limited. In addition, with such a solution, you can significantly save your budget, but as a result, you will get a full-fledged vacation spot that will not only relieve stress after a hard day, but improve your health and have a good time with family and friends.

Sample projects

IN ideal the bathhouse includes 4 rooms in its design:

• dressing room;
• restroom;
• washing;

It is possible to expand the functionality of some rooms by combining them with each other. At the same time, the comfort from the stay is not lost. The overall size of the building will largely depend on how many people will be inside at the same time.

• 1.20 mx 2.50 m. Very compact solution. In this case, the bathhouse consists of only two rooms: a steam room and a dressing room. The dimensions of the first are 1.20 mx 1.50 m, the second - 1 mx 1.20 m. There is no rest room, and in the dressing room you can easily change clothes. The washroom can be combined with a steam room. This size will be enough for one person.
• 2.50 mx 2.50 m. In terms of the number of rooms - like the first option. The size of the steam room is 2.50 mx 1.50 m, the dressing room is 1 mx 2.50 m. At the same time, it will be possible to organize additional storage space for firewood. In such conditions, two people can easily fit.
• 3 m × 3 m. This option can be planned in different ways. If there is a desire for three people to fit in the steam room, then it can be made 3 mx 1.50 m in size, the washing room can be made separate by placing a shower stall there. The size of this room will be 1 mx 1.50 m. There is also a dressing room of 2 mx 1.5 m. You can combine a washing room and a steam room, then there is a space that can be used as a relaxation room, which will also serve as a dressing room.
• 4 m × 3 m. In this case, 4 m 2 can be separated for a steam room (eg 2 m × 2 m). The washing room will occupy 1 m × 1.50 m, 2 m × 3 m will remain for the rest room.In such conditions, four people can easily fit. They can simultaneously be in the steam room, as well as enjoy communication in the dressing room.
• 4 m × 4 m. In such a territory it is already possible to turn around well. The steam room can be left 2 mx 2 m in size. A separate dressing room should be 2 mx 1.50 m in size. The rest room in this case is 4 mx 2 m (one side will be 2.50 m). The washing room can be combined with a relaxation room; for this, an electric boiler and a shower stall are installed. They can be placed in one of the corners of the room, which does not take up much space.

These are indicative examples. You can easily vary the size of the premises within the available limits. You may want to reduce the steam room as there is no need for 4 people to be there at the same time. At the same time, it will be possible to expand the space of the rest room.

Note! All measurements are in ideal values \u200b\u200bwithout taking into account the thickness of the walls. This is done for clarity. In the case when the bath will be adjacent to the house, then it can be made in the form of one steam room. In this case, the bathroom will act as a washing room, and the rest of the territory is available for relaxation.

Choosing a material

For the construction of walls, you can use various material... Much will depend on which project you have chosen, as well as on the planned amount of money. For example, you can use a regular brick. You can read how to build a brick bathhouse. In this case, the following points will be positive:

• availability;
• ease of delivery;
• relative ease of construction;
• long service life (at proper care - up to 150 years old);
• ease of maintenance;
• the ability to combine with the main structure;
• when using new bricks, there is no need for cladding;
• freedom to choose the shape of the building.

The negative sides include:

• high cost of material;
• the need for good ventilation, because brick has poor vapor permeability;
• kindling such a bath takes more time than wooden buildings;
• high costs for interior decoration.

Along with brick, foam block is often used. This is a more progressive material, it has properties characteristic only of it:

• small weight with large size;
• high laying speed;
• ease of fitting block shapes;
• good thermal insulation;
• relatively low price;
• excellent sound insulation;
• environmental friendliness;
• if the recommendations are followed - a small consumption of glue.

There is also a fly in the ointment:

• uneven pores can be a problem when hanging furniture;
• shrinkage may occur for several months;
• poor bending resistance.

The most favorite manufacturing method is a rounded log. A lot can be said about its benefits, here are just a few:

• high environmental friendliness;
• pleasant appearance;
• low heat capacity;
• no need for interior and exterior decoration;
• pleasant inner atmosphere.

The negative side is:

• it is unprofitable to use in small buildings;
• some complexity of construction;
• high cost of material;
• long shrinkage time.

One of the cheapest and fastest options is the construction of a frame structure. Minimum construction skills will be required for this method. The advantages are:

• no need for a massive foundation;
• availability of materials;
• relatively low cost compared to other options;
• ease of care;
• very fast heating of the steam room with good insulation;
• ease of laying communications;
• seismic resistance;
• no shrinkage.

Of the minuses, we can note the need to organize good sound insulation. High level of echoing - transmission of various vibrations, which can cause inconvenience. It is also important to ensure good ventilation so that moisture does not accumulate inside, which will lead to the development of mold and mildew.

Strip foundation

In the case when a really small bath is planned, there is no point in sinking the foundation to the level of soil freezing. This will only increase the overall cost of the project. With proper manufacturing and waterproofing, you will not have to worry about the walls being cold. This type of foundation will be relevant for any of the listed building options.

At the stage of laying the foundation, the supply of the necessary communications is provided. This can be a water supply system and a sewer drain for water from a washing room.

Note! If it is known that soils in your area are highly mobile, then an unburied foundation would be a bad option, because it can easily collapse under the pressure of layers. In this case, it is better to assess the possibility of installing piles.

Pile foundation

There are several ways to build a foundation. Piles can be bored and driven. In the first case, a well is drilled, the formwork is made, the reinforcement rods are lowered and the entire space is poured with concrete. In the second version, ready-made concrete, wooden or metal posts with a pointed end are hammered immediately. The most suitable options for a small bath will be screw. They consist of a metal base in the form of a pipe and blades, which facilitate the immersion of the supports into the ground. They can be purchased or made by yourself. If you chose the second option, then you need to act like this:

In each of the options described, separate support elements for the stove should also be provided, especially if the use of a heater is planned. This is very important, because its weight can be large, which can lead to damage to the floor and log.

Note! Such a foundation will be an ideal solution for frame structures, log structures, as well as small foam block baths. If the soil in the area where construction is planned is sufficiently strong and rocky, then something in between a pile and strip foundation can be used - columnar. In this case, individual pits with a size of 50 × 50 cm are dug every meter to a level below the freezing of the soil. Formwork, metal crate is installed inside and mortar is poured.

Erection of brick walls

For a bath, it is better to use red brick, which has undergone heat treatment and has a lower thermal capacity. To calculate the amount required material, you need to calculate the area of \u200b\u200beach wall. To do this, the width is multiplied by the length. Then it is necessary to divide this number by the area of \u200b\u200bone brick. The area of \u200b\u200bthe masonry seams can be neglected, because you will still need to make a reserve in case of a fight or marriage.

The wall can be built using several methods:

• in two bricks with external insulation.
• with air gaps, they are about 6 cm;
• with a layer of insulation between two rows of bricks.

Work begins with the construction of corners. This is an important process because it is they who will subsequently ensure the correctness of the entire structure. To maintain the vertical level of future walls, two are dug in at the corners metal profile 5 × 5 cm and a length equal to the height of the future walls. They are leveled and secured with jibs. The fishing line is stretched between them to the height of one row. After it is laid, the line is rearranged to the height of the next one. The seam thickness should be about 20-25 mm. It must be applied at a distance of no more than a meter so that it does not have time to dry. Additionally, the plane is checked with a bubble level. If the second and third type of masonry is selected, then it is necessary to provide a dressing between the two walls. This is ensured by the transverse laying of two bricks opposite each other at regular intervals. Also, each row should go with an offset of half a brick, so that the overall weave of the entire plane is ensured.

A lintel must be installed over windows or doorways. Usually it is reinforced concrete. You can buy it ready-made or pour it directly on the spot. It should go beyond the openings by at least 25 cm. Supports are installed, a wooden board is mounted on them. Two rows of bricks are laid out per edge. Between them are reinforcement rods, which should also extend beyond the opening by 25 cm, while it is better to bend them in order to interlace with the existing masonry. Concrete is poured inside. After complete solidification (usually 10-12 days), the lower stands can be dismantled and the logs removed.

Walls from foam blocks

The general installation principle will be the same as in the previous case. You should also start with corners, which must be precisely and clearly set.

In the same way, guides from a profiled pipe are made. But there are some nuances:

• In order to achieve the best adhesion, the base row is laid on cement mortar... It is better to make the ratio with sand 1: 3. It is very important to maintain a horizontal plane so that all other rows also lay down correctly.
• All other rows are fixed with special glue.
• The thickness of the adhesive layer should not exceed 5 mm. Only in this case will it be possible to achieve ideal thermal insulation.
• Every 3 rows in the seam is placed metal grid, which serves to give additional rigidity.
• Foam blocks are placed on the edge.
• Lintels over doors and windows are made in the same way as in the case of brickwork.

Log walls

It is this option that pops up in the imagination when it comes to the bath. For its manufacture, you will need to stock up on a rounded or profiled log. It is better to make external walls from this material. Because the structure is small, then it is good if the partitions are frame.

After the walls are completed, the initial caulking is done. In the process of which the hanging insulation is simply hammered into the joints. Complete shrinkage of the building can last for more than 1.5 years.

Frame walls

After the construction of the foundation, an additional foundation is made for such a structure. It is performed according to the example of the grillage, which was mentioned above. For the corner posts, we need exactly the same timber as for the base. In addition, it will be necessary to stock up on an edged board with a length equal to the height of the future walls, a width equal to the width of the grillage and a thickness of 5‒10 cm.

Roof erection

For small buildings, a pitched roof is an ideal solution. It is necessary to plan its production at the design stage. It is very important to be able to raise one wall higher than another. When this is done, then in the case of a wall of brick and foam block, waterproofing from bikrost or roofing material is laid on the upper end. Additional beams are mounted on it, which will serve as a Mauerlat. They are attached to the base using anchor bolts or embedded studs. Beams are laid on top, on which the crate will be stuffed. They can be fixed to the Mauerlat using metal corners.

In another version, the walls are made the same. Ceiling beams are laid on the Mauerlat. On one side, vertical boards are installed, which will form a pediment, from which the rafter legs are lowered to the other wall. At the junction with the Mauerlat, they are cut under required angle... Fixed with metal corners. To make it easier to support the roof in one plane, two extreme elements are first installed. A string is stretched between them, which will serve as a level.

The ceiling must be insulated. A vapor barrier is mounted on top of the ceiling beams. This role can be played by dense foil. Insulation in the form of mineral wool is placed in the space between the beams. Additionally, it is covered with plastic wrap. From the inside, filing is done using a wooden lining or polished edged board. Read more about insulation of the ceiling in the bath.

Note! For a house made of timber, when attaching the rafter legs to the Mauerlat, it is better to use floating corners. This is necessary so that during shrinkage the roof does not skew.

Home stretch

An integral part of every bath is a stove. It can be made independently from sheet material or a large diameter metal pipe. In another version, it is laid out of bricks, but in this case it can take up a large space. For a small space, it is better to use electrical options that are purchased ready-made.

A shelf is mounted inside the steam room. It is better not to use coniferous wood for it, because when heated, it can emit tar, which can cause burns. Aspen, larch, linden or oak will be a good material for it. With a small space, a width of 40 cm will be enough, it is more convenient when there is a footrest. The fastening material must be flush-mounted to avoid scalding the skin (it must also be made of stainless steel). It is better if the whole structure is assembled on dowels.

Double braided cable must be used for wiring. It is better if it is non-flammable (usually there is a prefix "ng" in the marking). Be sure to place the conductor in a corrugation. The steam room itself does not have switches. The luminaires are waterproof with an IP68 index.

Provide good ventilation. For this, an adjustable inlet valve can be installed, as well as anemostats with an outlet to the gable through the roof. This will be enough to remove all moisture after taking steam baths.

As you can see, there is no limit to what you can build small bath... Choose the option that works best for you.

Schemes

Frame-panel sauna with a porch

All about concrete and plaster products

How to build a bathhouse in the country

Building a bathhouse and its further arrangement on your own is not an easy task. But still, doable. Initially, you should think about the choice necessary materials and accessories. It is worth noting that today there are many building materials that are perfect for building a summer cottage. Therefore, the choice of these materials can be easily confused. However, don't worry. After all, a special portal Beton-Area.com today will tell you how to build a bathhouse in the country with your own hands inexpensively. Here we will give useful tips and show a special video with which you can carry out this process correctly.

How to correctly determine the place for building a bath

In order for the bath to serve for a long time, first of all, you need to do a competent choice of a place for a future bath. In this case, our advice will simply be useful to you.

• The location of the bath should be chosen further away from any body of water. Why do you need to do this? It turns out that it can simply be flooded with water.
• You can make a bath additionally by attaching it to an existing house, or erect it as a separate building. These options differ from each other in their unique strengths and weaknesses. In any case, only you can choose suitable option construction of a future bath.
• The most suitable place for building a future bath is the most extreme part of your land or yard.
• For a bath, it is necessary to correctly provide good system future ventilation and competent drainage.
• The place chosen for construction, located near the road, will be considered incorrect.
• The right choice for this construction is the southern part of the site or yard. It turns out that in the southern part of the land plot, the finished bath will receive maximum sunlight. In addition, in this part of the yard, the bathhouse will be protected from the wind. Indeed, if you build a bathhouse in the southern part of your yard, then you can make the stay of people resting there as comfortable and very pleasant as possible.
• If you have decided to attach a bathhouse to an existing house, then in this case it is necessary to comply with fire safety requirements.
• It is advisable to choose the future place for the construction of this structure far from the nearest neighboring houses, since your bathhouse, perhaps, will serve as an inconvenience for the good rest of people living next to you.
• It is better to place the windows in the bathhouse in the western part of the finished building.
• The bathhouse must be built close to the existing well, at a distance of about 15-20 m.

This publication will fully answer the question of how to build a bathhouse in the country. Let's continue talking about this process.

So, before you build a bath, you need to correctly draw and design the future structure. Choose the future area of \u200b\u200byour bath correctly. Remember that it must be at least 6 sq.m. for 1 person in this building. For example, if the bathhouse will be visited by 5 people, then, accordingly, its area should be 30 square meters. As a rule, the bath should have a room allocated for a steam room. Also in the bath it is necessary to arrange a rest room and a dressing room. In organizing the premises that should be in the bath, it is necessary to decide for yourself what area to determine for the listed future rooms.

First you need to design and draw drawings of the future bath. The drawings should include:

1. General bath project.
2. Project of all rooms that will be located in this room.
3. Roof drawing.
4. Description of the fixing of the timber.
5. Schemes of the future ceiling and floor.
6. Options for installing the oven in the future bath.

All of the above schemes and projects can be prepared by yourself. Also, such drawings can be found on readable sites on the Internet or any other sources. In general, having considered a large amount of these drawings and projects of the future bath, we can conclude that they are all practically similar to each other, and have only small differences.

The necessary choice of accessories and materials for the bath

To build a bath using a bar, you need to purchase the necessary components and various materials.

• To build a bath, you should buy construction material - timber, which will have a cross-section of 150 x 150 mm.
• To lay the future floor in the bath, you need to buy a wooden board. The correct choice is an edged board, which has a four-meter length with a section of 15 by 5 centimeters.
• As a rule, lining boards serve as the material for the ceiling.
• You also need to take care of the purchase of all kinds of materials for finishing work indoors. In most cases, the use of wooden forcing for finishing in a bath is very popular.
• It is also important to buy a certain amount of vapor barrier materials - tapes or films of different properties. For a bath, the material is most often used - penofol or polyethylene film.
• For a finished bath, it is recommended to purchase materials for insulating the finished ceiling. Most builders opt for ecowool or mineral wool. These materials are environmentally friendly and have good heat and sound insulation performance. Therefore, they are perfect for insulating the ceiling in a bath.
• The construction of a bath involves the use of asbestos-cement materials to provide good and so necessary thermal insulation in the bath. The most practical and effective material is sheet asbestos. As a rule, these sheets are placed and reinforced on the walls near the stove and chimney.
• The construction of a bath is impossible to imagine without a foundation. Therefore, for the manufacture of the foundation of a modern bath, materials with free-flowing properties are used - sand, cement and crushed stone.
• During the construction of the bath, it is imperative to use materials for the final finishing of the roof. In this case, you can resort to various options you like. The main thing in this task is the appearance of the future roof. It should not stand out much from the surrounding neighboring houses or buildings.
• It is advisable to build a future bath in the spring. This is necessary so that after the completion of all work there is time for the shrinkage of this room. Also, all materials used in the construction of the bath must dry. Cement should be purchased prior to construction work. In this case, it will not deteriorate.

General instructions for building a bath

The construction of a bath must be carried out in several stages. First, work is carried out to prepare the site for the construction site, and then the arrangement of the rooms with all kinds of accessories and components.

Preparing the site for the construction site. First you need to clear the necessary place, remove debris, existing roots of plants or trees. This work is necessary to obtain a more even place for the future foundation.

Foundation making. The most popular type of existing foundation work is a pillar-supported foundation. The first step is to dig the required number of holes to accommodate the future support of our foundation. Their installation is carried out at the desired angle around the general perimeter of the building and where there are sections that intersect with the walls. These pillars are installed, as a rule, depending on the characteristics of the available soil at the site of the building and on the load that will act on the support. The depth of the necessary holes for the foundation should be approximately 110-160 cm. It is necessary to backfill all the pits with a mixture of sand and pebbles. The layer depth should be 13-20cm. In the finished pits, it is necessary to install cement pipes, observing a clear vertical level. In each of them, placing a reinforcement consisting of metal rods. The pipes should be poured with concrete containing reinforcement. This construction should be given time within 5-6 days for hardening and hardening. After that, we will begin work on laying out the walls in a half-brick between the pillars.

Manufacturing of the roof and walls of the future bath. For the manufacture of the walls of the future room, a beam of 150 x 150 mm is used. Bars are laid on a ready-made and insulated with a special material, using the so-called “in the paw” method. The laying of the timber for the walls is made of the required height, making sure to make gaps for future doors and windows in this building. A special insulation is laid between the layers of the laid beams.

Components and accessories for the operation of the bath. The upper part of the lined wall is brought under the roof and reinforced in accordance with the given shape of the roof of the room. We fasten the rafters to the final layer of the timber with construction brackets. If you opted for a shed roof, then the rafters need to be fixed with two supports - either internal or external. Having a gable roof, the existing lower parts of the rafters should be supported on the walls. And the upper parts of the rafters are connected to each other and take the shape of a ridge.

Indoor arrangement. Initially, it is necessary to start the arrangement with the required communication system. It is worth taking care of such communication as sewage before starting to fill the foundation. First of all, make a drainage pit or well outside the future bath. The connection to the pit is made using a pipe laid at a certain slope.

After completing these works, you should proceed to the manufacture of the floor in the room. There are several types of it - concrete or wood. The finishing of concrete floors was carried out using tiles. This material is very practical. A floor made of wood is made with water drainage through it. This is very easy to accomplish. Boards with certain gaps are nailed to the installed logs. Most builders use a hatch to drain drains, covering it with a special grate. When using this technology, it is necessary to lay the floor with the required slope. In this case, all the accumulated water will go out through the hatch into the pipe, and from there fall into the drainage pit.

To increase the life of the wood, our advice to you is to ventilate the bath every time after visiting it.

In the bath, you also need to make good heat-moisture-vapor barrier, using the materials necessary for this. Install windows and doors. Install electricity.

Manufacturing and installation of shelves and a stove in the bath

The appearance and design feature of the shelves you have chosen in the bath can be anything. The shelves are installed in the following order - the first step was the installation of the frame, using wooden beams, and then the necessary boards are nailed to it.

When purchasing a stove for a bath, people, in most cases, stop at choosing the product that they like the most in appearance. Also, many are engaged in laying out a stone stove on their own, and some people buy special equipment for baths or an apparatus with heating elements.

Components and accessories for bath operation

There are a huge number of all kinds of components and accessories for making a bath on sale. You can buy for your finished bath: various wooden buckets and cisterns, oak brooms, mugs, bowls and other necessary attributes. The interior inside the bath can be different, depending on your preferences and taste.

Now you know how to build a bathhouse in the country with your own hands in stages.

How to build a bathhouse in the country with your own hands inexpensively helpful advice and video

So, before you build a bath, you need to correctly draw and design the future structure. Choose the future area of \u200b\u200byour bath correctly. Remember that it must be at least 6 sq.m.

Do-it-yourself bath in the country: step by step instructions

A trip to the dacha is a joyful event, since there you can take care of a vegetable garden or landscaping a site, and then relax, steam in a bath, provided that it is there. We will tell you how to properly make a bathhouse in the country with your own hands, demonstrate drawings, diagrams and photo instructions. It will take a lot of work, but it's worth it.

In your imagination, you probably already see how you approach the bath, open the door and find yourself in a warm and cozy dressing room, and then into the steam room. Yes! This is how it will be, but a little later. First you need:

• choose a suitable project;
• get acquainted with the stages of construction;
• purchase building material;
• build a bathhouse and bring all communications;
• perform interior decoration and only then take a steam bath.

If, after reading the introduction, you have not lost the desire to make a bathhouse in the country, then we will continue the topic, considering all the stages of construction.

Choosing a place for the construction of a bath

The place for the bath must be chosen correctly

Often, summer cottages are not large in size, but in addition to personal preferences and convenience, there are also norms that must be adhered to. Let's look at preferences first.

1. It would be better to put the bath on a hill, which will greatly simplify the organization of water drainage.
2. It is good when the bath is located next to a pond or river.
3. The rays of the setting sun, penetrating into the steam room through the window, will relieve stress, but at the same time it must be done so that the entrance to the bath is clearly visible from the window of the country house. So you can watch the heating bath and the children, especially when a swimming pool is built in front of the entrance.
4. The bath can be made in the form of an extension to the house.

In order not to have conflicts with the authorities or neighbors, you must comply with the requirements of SNiP 30-02-97. Paying attention to section 6, paragraphs 6, 7 and 8, you will find comprehensive information on the placement of the building on the site, but we will give only those numbers that you need in order to choose the optimal place for the bath.

Taking into account the fire safety measures for buildings located on opposite sides of the passage, you must adhere to the distances indicated in the table:

Distance, which directly depends on the material used in the construction of the structure

The same buildings using wooden elements

Wooden and similar structures

As for the requirements regarding the distances to the neighboring site, they are also unambiguous.

The minimum allowable distance between buildings located on a neighboring site

Various outbuildings are happy (these include the bathhouse)

It is also important to take into account the requirements for the location of buildings on your site - shower, bath and sauna must be at least 8 m away from the garden house.

By the way, non-compliance with these norms can lead to litigation with a neighbor and the demolition or transfer of the bath to another place.

Bath project

When choosing a bath project, it is important to take into account the material from which it will be built. There can be several types of buildings:

1. Frame bath.
2. Wooden bath (from a bar or rounded log).
3. Bath made of bricks, stones or blocks.
4. Wood concrete structure.

Having decided on the material, when choosing a project, make sure that it suits you according to all criteria.

Layout of a small bath 6 × 3 m

Layout option for a log bath

Planning a bath for a summer residence

Bath plan 6 × 6 m

Material selection

So, having chosen a suitable project, in accordance with its requirements, you need to prepare building materials.

• Most often, summer residents prefer to build frame structures, since they are the cheapest and successfully cope with their task. In addition, due to the low weight of such a structure, you will not have to spend much on the foundation either.
• The most favorite buildings are wooden ones. The cost of such a building will be slightly higher, and the foundation will need to be made stronger, in contrast to frame structure... A nice wooden bathhouse built in the country does not need insulation.
• Stone and brick are not often used to build a bathhouse in the country. This is due to the fact that such a heavy structure needs a strong foundation, and the walls freeze during long absences and such a bath needs to be heated for a long time. The exception is buildings made of foam and gas blocks. The requirements for the strength of the foundation are not so high, the walls are warm, but it is important to take into account that this building material is very hygroscopic, so it must be protected from moisture.
• Arbolite is also often used in the construction of baths. Walls can be monolithic or made of blocks. The structure is warm, durable and inexpensive.

Wall materials

Since this article deals with several possible options for using various building materials, we will consider them separately.

Frame structure

The material for the frame bath must be of good quality, and the bars must be dry and even

The walls of such a bath are made in a lattice structure. For the walls of the frame you will need:

• A beam of various sections, the size and quantity of which is indicated in the project.
• Insulation material with high thermal insulation qualities for filling the frame. Again, you need to adhere to the requirements regarding the use of one or another insulation material, but here it should be borne in mind that the documentation often indicates one type of material, but not all possible ones. If the specified material is too expensive, then you can refer to the forums to clarify what is acceptable in your area.
• Material for covering the frame from the outside and from the inside. Most often, OSB boards, edged boards, siding or block houses are used for the exterior cladding of a building, while lining is used from the inside.

Wooden bath

Using a rounded log, you can very quickly build a bathhouse, since everything is prepared in advance at the factory

For the construction of walls can be used:

• Natural debarked wood.
• Edged timber.
• Profiled timber.
• Glued laminated timber.
• Rounded log.

Bath made of brick, stone or blocks

The walls of such a bath can be made of the following materials:

• Brick (ceramic or silicate).
• Stone (quarry, limestone, shell rock).
• Block (foam, slag, gas blocks).

Wood concrete structure

Arbolite is durable and lightweight, therefore it is also often used in construction work

If there is an opportunity to inexpensively purchase sawdust (or maybe there are some), then at home it is quite possible to make arbolite blocks of fairly high quality. Also, this building material in the form of ready-made blocks is on sale. Walls are built very quickly. Another advantage of using wood concrete is the ability to manufacture monolithic walls by pouring cement-bonded mortar into the formwork.

Materials for the ceiling in the bath

The dressing room and the rest room are warm rooms, therefore it is recommended to use materials with low thermal conductivity - aspen, linden or alder.

For covering the ceiling of the steam room, it is preferable to use wooden liningas it is able to withstand high temperatures. Pine or spruce products cannot be used in this room; when heated, resin begins to emit from this wood. Also, you can not hem the ceiling with fiberboard and chipboard sheets, since moisture and high temperature contribute to the release of vapors that can harm human health.

Materials for insulation and vapor barrier

It is advisable to carry out external insulation only on the condition that the bath is heated. It is unlikely that someone will make such a luxury in the country, so we are considering materials for the internal insulation of an unheated bath.

The frame bath does not need to be insulated, since the thermal insulation is embedded inside the structure. In a wooden bath, you need to make a crate, into which the insulation will be inserted. Other types of baths require insulation made using a more complex technology.

To complete the work, you will need mineral wool, the thickness of which is selected depending on the material used in the construction of the bath and climatic conditions. Usually a layer of at least 50 mm is laid. The insulation can be in the form of mats or in rolls.

As for vapor barrier, it is important to know that it is not waterproofing. Each has its own purpose. Even an inexpensive vapor barrier will do its job, while improperly used waterproofing can negate all the work.

What you especially need to pay attention to is not to buy a fake.

Decoration Materials

Since we are talking about a bathhouse in the country, we will not talk about chic types of finishes. The best option will use wood: lining or similar facing materials.

As for the exterior decoration, it can be any material that is used for cladding houses. If the bathhouse is made of rounded logs, then it would be unwise to cover the already beautiful facade with something else.

Bath construction

Now let's consider how the construction of a bathhouse in the country can be done with our own hands. It is clear that the work will be easier to complete with an assistant, which may be one of the family members. In the initial stage of the work, some assignments can be given to children. Of course, they will not do everything and not as quickly as they would like, but if they feel that they are needed, they will then be more careful with the bathhouse built with their participation.

But let's be realistic, small children will help a little, and if you build it alone, it will be a long-term construction, especially since you simply won't be able to do some work alone. As you read the article, you will see when and how many assistants you may need - this will help you plan everything.

So, the plan has been chosen, the location has been decided, now we will proceed to the marking on the ground. To do this, in accordance with the scale indicated in the project, transfer the contour of the bath to the area. In the place where the corner of the building will be, a long peg (or reinforcement) is hammered, and the lengths of two walls located at an angle of 90 ° are measured from it. The next pegs are hammered there, and the distances of other walls are measured from them. Finally, the last - fourth peg is hammered.

Now that there is a designated perimeter of the future structure, you need to check how straight the corners are. To do this, you need to perform a check along the axes - measure the distance from one peg to another. The received data must match. If this is not the case, then the plane must be shifted by "shortening" the longest axis. After that, it will be necessary to check not only the axes, but also other dimensions, and, if necessary, correct again.

If the foundation is strip, then a slight discrepancy can be left, but for a pile or column foundation, the markings must be very accurate.

This is how we marked the dimensions of the bath in accordance with the design data. Further markup is performed depending on what the foundation will be. You can learn more about this from the table.

Where is markup applied and how is it done

Slab foundation

Due to its high cost, this type of foundation is made only in those cases when it cannot be done without it. The marking is done according to the size of the building or a little more when it is necessary for the foundation to be wider and longer than the bath.

Shallow strip foundation

A very common type of foundation. Relatively inexpensive and durable. The markings are made in such a way that the concrete-filled tape runs along the perimeter of the building and under the partitions.

Column foundation

This type of foundation is also often found. It is mainly used for mounting wooden structures on it. Depending on the dimensions of the bath, the marking is carried out according to the number of produced supports.

Screw foundation

It is believed that this type of foundation is new, but this is an erroneous conclusion based on the fact that it has recently been used in civil engineering. The screw foundation has stood the test of time, since the military began to use it for a long time. The advantage of the foundation device on screw piles is the speed and simplicity of its installation. The second advantage is that there is no need to do earthwork, so the site will remain clean. In addition, with its help, you can build a bathhouse even on a site with a significant slope.

The marking is done according to the number of piles and no deviation to the side is allowed.

Weigh the pros and cons, and then make the final decision regarding the choice of the type of foundation.

Pouring the foundation

The manufacture of a shallow strip foundation is acceptable under the following conditions:

1. The soil on the site is dry and non-flowing.
2. The groundwater level is quite low.
3. IN winter period frosts are not very strong.
4. The structure is not heavy.

Don't try to guess the type of foundation for a heavy structure. If you are not sure, then invite specialists who, after completing the appropriate checks, will give an accurate answer.

Let's start with a simpler and most often made shallow foundation for a bath.

• We have external markings, now we need to carry out the internal ones, taking into account that the foundation should be at least 50 cm wide in width, and should protrude beyond the structure by 5 каждой10 cm on each side. Therefore, if the bath is 3 × 4 m, then the largest size along the outer perimeter will be 3.2 × 4.2 m.
• It is important to take into account the installation site of the furnace and at the same time make the foundation for it.
• For convenience, in the corners, you need to install wooden structures similar to benches. They need to be set in the same plane along the height of the future formwork and a measuring cord must be attached to them. How to do this is shown in the illustration.

For strip foundations, marking is performed both along the outer and inner contours

• It is necessary to remove the fertile topsoil and remove it to the side, then dig a trench, from which the clay can then be used as a bedding.
• As for the depth of the trench, in some cases it can be 35 cm. Much depends on the depth of freezing and the soil itself. It is necessary to get to the bottom of a strong clay layer and in no case stop on the ground. Therefore, most often the depth is in the range of 50 - 60 cm.
• The bottom of the trench must be leveled by checking its levelness with a level.
• Now it's the turn of the sand bed. It is necessary to pour a layer of sand inside the trench, at least 15 cm thick, moisten with water and tamp well. For this, it would be more convenient to use a vibratory rammer, but it is also possible manually, using a weighty bar with handles nailed to it.
• The next layer is filled with crushed stone of the middle fraction and is also carefully rammed.
• Now it is the turn of the formwork, the height of which should reach the stretched cord. It can be made from scrap materials or timber harvested for other purposes, since this temporary structure will be disassembled soon after the foundation is poured. Ready-made shields must be installed along the trench and secured well, otherwise the poured concrete can move them.

The formwork must be securely fixed. You can also immediately insert a sleeve to then carry out communications

• In order not to stain the boards, and so that the concrete does not flow out through the cracks, the formwork is covered from the inside with plastic wrap, which must be fixed with a stapler or thin nails.
• Now you need to make a frame from metal or plastic reinforcement, fastened with a knitting wire.

All calculations can be performed in our online calculator.

• The fabricated frame should not reach the edges of 5 cm. It must be carefully lowered into the trench so as not to tear the film protecting the formwork. To raise the frame above the bedding, you need to put pieces of granite under it, since, unlike brick, it will not crumble under the influence of moisture.
• If any communications pass through the foundation, then holes need to be left for them, in which the sleeves will help, as shown in the photo above. The same applies to the manufacture of products.
• Plan your time to fill the foundation with concrete in a day, as breaks are not allowed here - then the tape will not be monolithic. It is convenient to deliver concrete with a mixer and pour it directly from it, otherwise it will have to be kneaded in a concrete mixer, on the basis that 1 bucket of M400 cement is required, 3 of sand, crushed stone (or gravel) - 5 buckets.
• The concrete-filled foundation should be compacted with a vibrator or pierced. After shrinkage, you need to add some concrete and level the area. If the foundation is being made for a wooden house, then the foundation bolts must be fixed in the uncured concrete.
• Formwork can be removed not earlier than in a week.

It should be remembered that concrete has not yet reached its full strength, therefore, it must be handled with care or wait 28 days, and only then build a bath.

Wall masonry

When building a bath from blocks, stone or bricks, you need to level the foundation with a cement-sand mortar according to the level, and lay roofing material on it, folded in half. Laying starts from the corners. Having installed the first blocks on the cement-sand mortar, you need to make sure that they are in the same plane and only after that a string is pulled along the upper outer edge, which serves as a guide for laying a whole series of building material.

When laying the next row, the masonry mixture may differ: a wall of bricks and shell rock is erected on a cement-sand mortar, while for laying lightweight blocks, mixtures recommended by the manufacturer are used.

Having installed the jumpers over the doors and windows, you need to install the formwork on top and make an armored belt, fixing the foundation bolts in it for the subsequent fastening of the Mauerlat board. After the concrete has hardened, you can start making the roof.

Bath frame construction

The basis of such a bath is a frame made of wood, which is insulated and sheathed with various types finishing materials... You need to choose quality materials and observe the sequence of their installation.

For the manufacture of the frame, boards from well-dried larch, aspen or linden will be needed, because this wood has low thermal conductivity. Manufactured shields will be resistant to deformation.

On the foundation, a frame of the lower strapping is made from a bar of 100 × 100 mm. At the ends of the bars, you need to make cuts in half the thickness and fasten them to each other with self-tapping screws. If bars of 50 × 100 mm are used, then the frame can be assembled end-to-end using metal corners. The dimensions of the bar used depend on the type of foundation, design and size of the bath.

Making a base for a frame bath

• At the next stage, the end strapping board is installed, and the floor logs are already attached to it. A beam of 50 × 100 mm is used.
• On the opposite side, the logs are cut in such a way that a second end strapping board can be installed.
• The logs need to be arranged so that the prepared insulation becomes close to each other, then the end strapping boards are nailed.
• The frame of the walls is assembled from a bar of 50 × 100 mm, and then installed in their places, all parts are fastened into a single structure.

To ensure the vapor barrier of the frame bath, it is necessary to use a vapor barrier film, which will avoid the accumulation of moisture inside the frame. Mineral wool or fiberglass is used as an insulating material. They are able to provide a high level of sealing without disrupting natural air exchange.

It is preferable to carry out insulation and wall cladding after roof installation. This approach will protect the wood and insulation from getting wet.

Concrete flooring with wood deck

If the only thing left in the frame bath is to insulate the floor and lay floorboard, then for other buildings you will have to work harder - you need to install logs, make a rough floor, fix a vapor barrier, lay insulation, perform waterproofing, lay a floorboard, which in a few years will have to be changed. Considering that the dacha in the country will not dry out thoroughly due to the lack of time for this, because after the weekend it will be necessary to hastily leave for the city, then if there is such an opportunity, it would be preferable to make a concrete floor and tile it with tiles. They fit on it wooden boards, which you can take out to dry in the shed and safely go home.

Insulated wooden floor

It is clear that for a frame and other structure mounted on a columnar or pile foundation, only insulated wooden floor is acceptable. More details about this process are described in the next two videos.

Roof construction

There should be a reliable roof over any bathhouse, but the options for its creation may be different. In any case, you need to install waterproofing and then thermal insulation, think about the type of roofing and the choice of a suitable roofing material. Without waterproofing, steam will easily penetrate into the attic, and, settling on beams and rafters, will contribute to their rapid destruction. In addition, the condensation formed on the roofing material will begin to drain onto the insulation, which will affect the properties and durability of the latter.

The type of terrain has a great influence on the choice of the type of roof, since it must be taken into account technical specifications buildings.

• So, in a holiday village, especially when it is located among tall trees, you can safely make a high gable roof.
• If the dacha is located in a steppe zone blown by all winds, then the slope for the roof must be made minimal.
• With small dimensions of the bath and insignificant snow load, the roof can be made shed. The same roof is most often made in a bathhouse attached to the house.

Interior and exterior decoration

Although wood is most commonly used for interior decoration, not all wood is suitable for this purpose. It is necessary to choose the right material, especially for a steam room, in which a high temperature is created at high humidity. It should be said right away that pine sawn timber, as well as fiberboard, chipboard and linoleum, cannot be used to decorate this room. Therefore, you need to purchase larch or linden lining.

As for other premises, the conditions there are not so extreme, therefore there are no such high requirements for the material used - what cannot be used in a steam room, it is perfect for a rest room and a dressing room. The pine lining in the dressing room will exude a pleasant aroma and create a feeling of comfort.

Decorating a wooden and brick bath with clapboard is almost the same. First, the crate is attached to the wall, and the lining is already attached to it. An exception is the steam room, in which there must be a heat-reflecting foil under the crate.

Exterior decoration is performed not only to make the bath beautiful, but also to protect it.

You just have to choose the right material and finish the facade.

Bath ventilation

Sometimes there is still such an opinion that good ventilation in the steam room is useless, since all the heat comes out through it, and it is made very weak, or it is absent altogether. But there is another extreme, when the ventilation process is not controlled and the heat escapes from the bath. In such a steam room it is very hot upstairs, and the legs are freezing.

In fact, during the adoption of bath procedures, the air in the room must be renewed 2-3 times per hour, but this is not enough, since ventilation must be done correctly. Usually the inlet is located at the bottom near the boiler, and the exhaust outlet is under the ceiling on the opposite side. While the steam room is warming up, the exhaust window is closed. Then it opens, and warm air begins to rapidly leave the room. As a result, the steam room becomes cool and uncomfortable. You can make ventilation as in the diagram.

Air circulation in the steam room

Such a device allows you to keep warm air under the ceiling, and half-cooled air comes out through the hole located below (B), so it will be comfortable in the steam room. When the steam room needs to be thoroughly ventilated, the upper ventilation opening (A) opens.

In addition to the steam room, ventilation is necessary in every room of the bath. In order not to waste precious heat, you can make it so that it is possible to close the ventilation openings during those hours when there is no need for ventilation.

The canopy and all the furniture for a summer cottage can be made independently. If there is no desire to tinker with something else, then there are many offers on the network for the sale of everything you need for a summer residence.

If you want to save money on furniture, you can revise old stocks. Maybe there is something that needs to be repaired, but hands do not reach it? After a small restoration, such furniture can last a long time. The main requirement is not to use chipboard furniture, as this material will deteriorate very quickly from high humidity.

Bath plan 6 × 7.2 m

6 × 6 m

5 × 4 m

4 × 4 m

3 × 5 m

3 × 3 m

Photo: original baths

Bath in the country with their own hands - photos, diagrams, drawings, video

Find out how a bathhouse is built in the country with your own hands. The article describes several types of baths that can be built in the country.

We build a bathhouse in the country with our own hands

A bathhouse in the country is one of the best places to relax. A bathhouse in the country is a real outlet after a hard day at work. It can also be an alternative to the usual rest in the country with barbecue and soft drinks. But, besides, this is the best option to tidy yourself up and relax well.

Many of us use the bathhouse on different occasions. For some it is the tradition of the Saturday, for other people it is an excuse to gather a group of friends and end a difficult week brightly. But, despite the position, the bathhouse in the country is a real miracle, and that is why almost every summer resident simply dreams of such a structure.

You can build a bathhouse in the country in several ways - by contacting specialists offering a wide variety of projects, or on your own, trying to save money and get your hands on a new business. By and large, for experienced summer residentswho erect verandas and terraces with their own hands, construct gazebos and sheds, it is not so difficult, but if you take on construction for the first time, serious problems may arise. It is worth solving them in advance, having studied not only the options for baths, projects and methods of construction, but also having studied the main stages of the construction process.

Choosing the type of structure for a bath

Depending on the region, the cost of materials, as well as personal requirements, it is necessary to choose the main construction material. It can be brick or wood as the most popular building materials.

The characteristics of wood or brick baths are also important, because the materials differ in qualities and properties, reliability and durability, and ease of use.

It often happens that a bathhouse is built on the basis of an already finished building, in which a room for a steam room and a washing room is simply allocated. Then things are much simpler. But it also happens that the construction takes place from scratch, and then we are faced with the task of studying absolutely all stages of construction - the choice of the site, the construction plan, the general project and estimate, the foundation and forcing the walls, external and internal finishing, and other work on the arrangement and decor ...

We understand perfectly well that after reading our article, it will be quite difficult to immediately pick up the hammer and drive out the bathhouse at the summer cottage in three days. But we will try to bring you as close as possible to the process and explain all its subtleties, so that such work becomes much easier for you!

Choosing the best place for a bath

Thanks to communication with people who have built more than one bathhouse in their lives, and also continue to engage in this business and now, we have learned a lot interesting facts, which we share with you. So, initially we will talk about where is the best place to build a bath in a summer cottage:

• You should not build a bathhouse next to a reservoir, in the immediate vicinity of the water, since the building can be flooded by floods;
• An extension to a residential building or any other building is considered an excellent option - saving materials and energy saving;
• It is most correct to build a bathhouse in the backyard, where there are no drafts, in the silence of trees;
• Be sure to think about waterproofing, vapor barrier and ventilation even at the initial stages of construction, because the bathhouse tends to create unpleasant aromas if it is not built correctly or is not provided with proper care;
• Do not start construction near a road or field - dust in wet indoor areas is useless;
• The south side is the most suitable for construction;
• Think about fire safety, as the risk of unpleasant situations here is quite high;
• If possible, start construction at a distance from the neighboring territory. So you will not observe envious or condemning looks on yourself, and provoke scandals due to noisy rest or the aromas of the bath;
• Conduct construction in a place remote from the well or well, at least 15-20 m.

How to avoid mistakes during construction

No matter how colorfully you plan the construction, or paint the future result, upon completion you will not like something. This is a 100% guarantee, because there is no ideal in our world. But there is always an opportunity to minimize all construction and decoration mistakes, which lead to disappointment. Therefore, we recommend that you carefully consider the following:

• Do not forget about the correct planning of indoor areas. It is believed that a bathhouse for 2-3 people should be about 10 m2;
• Optimal height indoor spaces - 2-2.2 m. If lower, then it is quite inconvenient, if higher - irrational costs of heat carriers and a long warm-up time;
• Try to place the doors in the bath on the south side, and the windows on the west or southwest;
• It is advisable to make windows small, as, in principle, and doors. If options are possible with windows, then it is advisable to make the doors no more than 70 cm in width and no more than 180 in height. You will also need a high threshold. Of course, this creates some inconvenience, but seriously reduces heat loss;
• Choose materials for construction not only for aesthetic data, give preference to lightweight materials with a high energy saving ability;
• Regardless of the materials of construction, pay maximum attention to safety and quality equipment;
• Take seriously the choice of wood for interior arrangement, do not use resinous woods.

What to build a bath from

At the moment, there are many options, among which it is worth choosing. But if you pay attention to the latest technologies for fast construction, then you will not be able to save money. Of course, a frame bath is built in just a few days, but it will also cost a pretty penny. Therefore, it is worth looking for an option that is more acceptable, for many of us and in general, from used materials, for example, brick or cinder block. And why not, because such a building will easily serve for several decades ...

In fact, now you can build from anything, as long as the requirements and budget are met, as well as the characteristics of the future construction are combined with your opinion about the new bath.

Bath in the country with their own hands

Unfortunately, not everyone has the opportunity to build a bathhouse, and therefore many of our readers who decide on this process will begin it with intermediate stages, for example, with finishing an already finished building and interior premises. Therefore, today we will not talk about how to build a bath from a bar or build a frame bath, but simply consider the most acceptable option for everyone from a brick or cinder block.

We have already discussed the stages of construction in a short list, now it is necessary to consider each of them in detail!

Having correctly chosen a place for the site, clearing it of debris and any overgrowth, we dig trenches for pouring the strip foundation. Of course, a columnar foundation can also be used under a beam or a log, but it is better to fill under a brick.

As in any standard summer cottage construction, when we talked about gazebos, sheds and other structures, you need to correctly calculate the parameters of the foundation. In addition, you need to create all the necessary layers of the cushion, from gravel and sand, select a material for reinforcement, perhaps even fiberglass reinforcement.

When the trench for the foundation is ready, and reinforcement is installed inside, pour concrete and let it settle for several days. Naturally, it is better to fill it higher, arranging the formwork 20-30 cm above the ground, so that you do not have to start laying in direct contact with the ground.

It is worth taking care of waterproofing, which can be coated or made of roofing material, in the old fashioned way. Sometimes film is also used, but it all depends strictly on the type of building.

Do not forget about engineering communications for the bath, which can be brought inside before pouring the foundation or already in the process of laying the walls.

Walling

Depending on the material and type of masonry, you should choose a solution, as well as the speed of work. The thing is that the laying cannot be done too quickly, since the brick can float and the work will stop. Therefore, we immediately determine whether we are building a brick or half a brick, or maybe in general, we choose a cinder block or aerated concrete.

We begin the laying carefully, in accordance with the work plan and the project, move up, constantly using the level and plumb lines. We do not forget about the placement of windows and doors, we cover the openings with posts, we make the jointing.

At the initial stage of masonry, you can lay logs under the floor, work with communications.

Roof device

When external and interior walls kicked out, the quality of work is checked and you are ready to continue, you need to move on to the roof device.

The first thing is to knock down the base of the roof into a single structure and install the rafters on it, by the way, you can also in finished form. When this stage is completed, you can proceed to the lathing device.

Depending on what kind of ceiling you installed in the bath, you should immediately think about the chimney for the stove. Perhaps the output will be through the wall, but do not forget about the possibility of output through the ceiling and the roof, which means that holes for the chimney will be needed.

After that, we turn to the roofing device, which we talked about in some detail. Roofing materials can be very different, starting with the same slate, and ending with expensive tiles. But here we focus on weight, reliability, fire safety and many other factors that are fashionable and necessary today.

Finishing roofing works, we go down, because now we need to finish everything with the floor.

There are no problems with the floor, but there are many disputes about its insulation. As we found out, it is imperative to insulate the basement from the inside in order to get the best energy saving characteristics and a truly warm and dry floor.

For this, on the basement part, on a brick or a raised foundation, we produce insulation with mineral wool and waterproofing. Further, we fill the floor under the washing room, not forgetting about the water supply and sewerage pipes, and we make a dry backfill under the floor in the rest of the rooms. You can use expanded clay for this.

Now it remains to lay a layer of insulation and vapor barrier, make a small gap, literally 1-2 cm, and cover the board.

Internal and external finishing

We will start with thermal insulation, since this stage is very important for a bath. Many are insulated from the outside, but why do we need to heat cold bricks if the same layer of insulation can be put from the inside. Therefore, outside decorative finishing or additional insulation with foam, and inside the mandatory insulation with mineral wool.

It is produced as follows - the walls are covered with waterproofing, a wooden crate is applied, then a layer of mineral wool and a vapor barrier are fixed on the surface. Most often, this is aluminum foil, on top of which the finishing takes place.

Now the ceilings. There should also be no difficulties here, since the process is identical to the insulation of bath walls. But the ceiling is also insulated in the attic, where fiberglass is laid between the beams. Expanded clay is poured on top or mineral wool, a vapor barrier layer and a rough finish are laid. A cement screed is also possible, depending on the technology of production of the floor.

The interior decoration of the bath rooms is made with clapboard, the exterior - with any material, the design of which is most interesting to you. This can be siding, plastering and painting, composite materials, facing bricks, and so on.

During finishing, it is necessary to install a stove, make a safe outlet of the chimney, and seal all openings on the outputs as much as possible. We'll talk more about sauna stoves in the future!

Installation of windows and doors

This stage will not be a difficult test for you, since we have already told you how to install windows in the country, and we have mentioned the doors more than once. Just try to choose high-quality materials and make the installation correctly, because the energy saving of the interior depends on this.

You can choose wooden or metal-plastic doors and windows, order glass doors to the sauna, but you yourself understand that it is in the wood that everything will be most natural and warm!

Arrangement of a summer cottage

We do not undertake to decide for you, since harmony and compliance with your taste in this matter is above all, and you can create such an effect only on your own. Therefore, try to correctly approach the design, furnish the resting room, supply the bath with everything you need - decor and accessories. We recommend to inquire about budget option baths for giving.

Do not forget that the bath needs light. Here we recommend that you consult a qualified electrician who will wire and install to meet all wet room requirements. You can also call a plumber to check your own work, because the supply of water to the bathhouse and the sewerage system are no less important!

Each stage of building a bath in the country is complicated in its own way. Naturally, you can re-read many interesting articles, watch lessons, or contact specialists directly for minimal help. But here you must understand that only personal desire will allow you to start and complete the project. If this is just an idea that seems simple and feasible to you in a couple of days, it is better not to take on the process. Save your energy, time and money, draw up an accurate and correct project, and only then start work. Well, when you have any questions on this topic, DachaDecor.ru specialists will be happy to answer them. We recommend that you learn how to choose a stove for a bath.

We build a bathhouse in the country with our own hands

A bathhouse in the country is a real outlet after a hard day at work. It can also be an alternative to the usual rest in the country with barbecue and soft drinks. But, besides, this is the best way to tidy yourself up and relax well.