Reinforced concrete staircase with your own hands. How to pour concrete stairs: decades of experience and an innovative approach. Most budget options

Monolith products for a private house are often used. An example is concrete steps of an entrance group, as well as a concrete staircase for interfloor transitions.

Such groups can be made for wooden houses, frame houses... This article will cover making monolithic staircase from concrete for an interfloor device. We can see from the name that a monolithic staircase has significant weight.

We conclude that it is inappropriate to make such stairs in wooden houses, since they have wooden floors. Concrete stairs are installed in buildings with prefabricated, monolithic, often ribbed reinforced concrete floors. These stairs are built at the time of the construction of the building box.

They can be used for their intended purpose without waiting for the completion of construction. Our article will give step-by-step instructions on how to make a concrete staircase to the second floor with your own hands.

Strength, rigidity, absence of vibration and squeak are considered the advantages of this ladder. Due to the correct design, such structures have greater safety than other types of transitions. As for the decor, the facing of the stairs, it is possible to replace it at any time.

Everything related to concrete heavy stairs means stability, durability, practicality. Weaknesses include the lack of options for small, lightweight stairs, and systems with a complex configuration.

So, let's divide into groups the advantages of building a monolithic concrete staircase:

• increased reliability, durability. Concrete calmly tolerates the presence of water, is not subject to changes due to temperature effects, does not corrode or rot. Mold fungus is not a threat to concrete. Steel reinforcement makes the structure super-resistant to various loads, chips, cracking;
• resistance in aggressive environments. Firmly tolerates frost, does not burn in fire. These properties of concrete products are used in different climatic zones. Therefore, you can use concrete both inside the building and outside;

• able to serve for many years. If you use high grades of concrete, the structure will last a long time, without the need to repair it. Maintenance is also not required;
• lack of squeaks, noise. Concrete does not dry out like wood, does not crack. Therefore, you will not hear a creak. The quietness of the concrete structure stems from the power that absorbs many sounds;
• use of any form. Pouring will be carried out in various types of formwork. You choose the size and shape of the formwork yourself;
• all kinds of finishing lining options. Monolithic reinforced concrete staircase is faced different kinds materials (from soft carpets to hard ceramic granite).

Where in the house to place a staircase made of concrete

An important point in the construction of a staircase in a cottage is the space where a concrete staircase can be installed. It should be such that the stairs are quiet, comfortable to use and safe. When designing a residential building, no special, separate areas are allocated for a monolithic system. Therefore, we will place the structure in an open space, we will fit it into the space of the living room or hall.

You need to understand that the stairs located in the living room will have the highest requirements for external decoration. It should look impressive, sophisticated, more expensive than a structure in the hallway, hallway, or on a separately built staircase. A concrete staircase to the basement can be built with minimum requirements for it.

Compared to wooden products, concrete counterparts look massive, heavy. The simplified form is somewhat inferior in appearance to the wooden ones.

The best place in a room to build a concrete structure is against a wall. However, a flight of stairs is also not a bad option.

Choosing the type of stairs

Before starting construction, you need to understand what type of staircase to choose. It is necessary to make a selection of building materials, find suppliers. There is no need to save on the purchase of building materials, because this will affect the appearance and quality of the finished structure.

The made staircase does not need to be put into operation immediately, the step is filled. The concrete must gain strength. This will take up to 1 month. After 30 days, the formwork must be removed.

It is important to determine the place of installation of the structure so that in the future it is convenient to use, open and close the doors.

By design, concrete stairs are divided into categories:

• straight one-marching;
• straight two-marching;
• screw (in the form of spirals).

Screw systems are considered attractive because of the appearance, therefore, are more often in demand by developers. During construction, they require the installation of additional round formwork. Such work is performed only by prior order.

Simple to manufacture can be a straight one-march structure located between two walls. With this design, there will be no need to think about how to finish the ends of the product, and the formwork system can be attached to the walls. It will be more difficult to build a monolithic, rounded structure supported on one wall.

To finish the visible end, only the side panel should be used in the design. Stopping at the marching system, which does not lean on the walls, but with the supporting structures of the span will rely on the floors from below, and on the upper supports. The assembly of the formwork in this version is carried out with sidewalls.

Sometimes, it is not possible to build a single-marching version due to lack of space. Then an option with a two-marching structure with winder steps, flat areas between the segments of the stairs is used.

Concrete systems, in terms of their structure, are integrally monolithic, prefabricated (from industrial spans), type-setting, combined.

The first option is done at the installation site, pouring a concrete solution into the formwork. Install in any convenient location (on the porch, from the street, in the basement).

In the second version, there is a complex assembly metal structure with concrete steps. Each step is cast using rebar and formwork. The building materials are crushed granite with marble chips. When the building materials are hardened, the surface is sanded.

Ready-made segments, industrial assembly, prefabricated marches are used mainly in the construction of apartment complexes, however, having the most ordinary crane, this option can be implemented at your facility. The main advantage of this solution is the price, of the disadvantages is the limitation of the size range.

Inlaid segments are made from a concrete part (kosour), individual steps that will look like a triangle, rectangle, angular shape. Reinforced concrete stairs are made to order, in industrial workshops, according to previously agreed parameters, mainly of running shapes and sizes.

Ladder calculation

Before starting construction, you need to make measurements, draw a plan, project or diagram of the future system. In the documentation, you need to mark all parts, indicate the exact dimensions. The drawings reflect design features, the number of steps, their overall dimensions.

A concrete staircase in a private house has low steps - 18 cm, and the smallest segment in width is 90 cm. During the work, you will need knowledge about the thickness of the finishing materials.

Lifting angle

The first parameter that should be taken into account is the descent angle, the significance of which will affect the dimensions of the entire flight of stairs.

For example, if you have the same height, a 25-degree structure will be longer than a 40-degree and 45-degree span. Building a 45 degree span will cut costs 2.4 times compared to making a 25 degree span. Spans will correlate as 3 meters to 6.4 meters.

It is necessary to choose the angle of inclination based on the suitable dimensions of the march, the complex structure of the structure, and ease of use.

Dimensions of steps

Having chosen the desired height and slope angle, you should design future steps. For this stage, you need to break down the concrete span into sectors. Best value the width of the step will be a distance of up to 26 - 30 cm, with a height of 17 - 20 cm.

If you build higher steps, then it will be difficult to climb the stairs, in particular for the elderly, children, those who are used to walking with a standard step. If you make steps less than 14 cm, it will not be comfortable for adults to walk, and children will like such rises.

Stair width

The width of the span in a private house depends on the amount of free space between the walls, in the staircase construction area. The minimum distance will be 80 cm.

Otherwise, walking up (or down) the stairs, the tenant will feel like in a closed room or tunnel. If it becomes necessary to lift the furniture up, it will be extremely difficult to do this. The best ones are to make the span from 90 cm and wider.

When designing your system, consider a safety fence, especially if there are older people and children in the house. When the railing is at the edges of the steps, the working area of \u200b\u200bthe flights will decrease. This point must be taken into account when designing.

Assembling the formwork

The calculations are ready, and you can proceed with the installation of the formwork. Let's make a stock first necessary materials for the construction of spans:

• moisture resistant plywood 12 - 18 mm, edged board from 30 mm on the bottom of the formwork, for risers and flanges;
• moisture-proof plywood 6 - 9 mm for the production of curved zones;
• supports from a bar 100x100mm (can be replaced with a rafter board 150 by 50 mm) in the form of supports;
• beams 100x100mm for supporting plywood structures and boards;
• metal corner;
• metal fasteners (wood screws) 35 mm;
• concrete mortar, a rule for screed excess mortar, a float, a device that smooths the edges of a concrete structure.

To make the concrete smooth after curing, it must be sanded wooden surfacesthat will adhere to the concrete. If installed on smooth plywood, no sanding is required.

We collect the formwork in stages:

1. To begin with, we will expose the lower part assembled from a thick board and sheet plywood. They are securely attached to each other with bars from the outside. The bottom of the system stands on supports made of beams, boards, while the height of the supports will be equal to the height of the steps. All parts are attached with self-tapping screws. When dismantling them, it will simply be untwisted by disassembling the formwork system;
2. From the sides it is necessary to put a flanging from a sheet, a board, reinforcing it with beams from the outside;
3. Next, you should fix the risers to the flanging, iron corners;
4. Seal the joints in the corners with a working compound, or level them with a plane, a grinding machine.

Formwork for a concrete staircase is assembled in a few simple steps.

Reinforcement

A small staircase in a residential area should be reinforced using a mesh, which is tied to a reinforcement of 10-12 mm in size, at a distance of about 20 cm (having received cells with a section of 150x200mm).

We connect the pins with a knitting rod. Make bulky units from a reinforced body made up of two cells, fastened with pins, or welded by a welder. The distance between two grids is up to 30 mm.

The frame is the skeleton of the entire system on which the solidifying mixture will be attached. Based on this, the horizontal rods must be fixed to the wall by drilling holes before this. The frame with the mesh is placed in the lower part of the formwork, 30 mm from the bottom. It is possible to raise the reinforcement to a given height using the height of gaskets, stands, trimmings. Where the railings will be, it is worth hammering in pieces of wood, and mortgages.

Pouring concrete

For pouring, we prepare a brand of solution of at least M200. To mix the mixture with a concrete mixer, we use concrete in the following proportions: 30 shovels of crushed stone with a stone size of 10-20 mm, 20 shovels with sand, 10 shovels of cement.

We add 7 units of liquid to them. When the mixture turns out to be viscous, then add liquid until the solution is creamy.

After mixing the solution, you need to pour it correctly:

1. First we form the lower parts of the stairs;
2. We compact the concrete mixture with a rammer to create compaction and hardness. It is worth using conventional fittings, piercing the mixture in different places. Professional builders usually use a special vibrating press in such cases. By its action, it will squeeze out the concrete solution through the tree;
3. The steps are given the correct shape, smoothing the solution with a trowel;
4. The rest of the parts are poured;
5. Pour the solution onto the porch;
6. Cover the solution with a foil, protecting it from cracking and rapid drying. If possible, you should regularly water the surface of the poured solution. This will give the concrete strength and durability.

Removing the formwork

The concrete will gain strength for about a month. After a week, up to a maximum of 10 days, you can remove the boards from the steps. The released area is equal to a grinder, grinder (with circles for concrete).

After 31 months, the support bars are removed from the bottom of the span segment. And in total, after a month, the remaining boards are removed.

Staircase finishing with soft material

After building the stairs, proceed to the last step - finishing the stairs.

Monolithic stairs provide many finishes:

• having sheathed the entire staircase with wood on each side, you might think that the staircase is completely made of wood;
• build on concrete base wooden steps. It will look like a piece of wood was laid on top of the steps horizontally, and the boards were placed vertically on the steps. The entire upper plane of the stairs has been sewn up. The entire side remains concrete. It is putty, polished, tinted in desired color, tiled.

Which tile is suitable for stairs

In a cottage, a monolithic staircase is rarely glued with tiles. Usually, this option is used when the stairs lead to the basement, or to the porch.

Tiling is resorted to if the building is an office or commercial premises. Tiled concrete staircase to the basement looks good.

Finishing cladding

A ladder made using removable formwork technology, with your own hands, can be finished with different materials. These are wood, laminate, ceramic tiles, stone, carpet, ceramic granite. All these materials are laid on a flat, prepared surface.

If, after removing the formwork, irregularities, grooves, bumps remain on the concrete surface, they must be removed with a grinder, grinder, or repaired with mortar, putty. The ends are covered with plaster, then covered with paint. Next, the steps are finished with one of the materials.

When buying tiles for surface cladding, consider the budget. You can buy a budget tile, or you can take a natural stone with rough edges.

The material is placed on tile glue or cement mortar. Can be pasted over with mosaics, making original compositions. This is a matter of taste, and the budget allocated for finishing. Outdoor concrete structures can be tiled. However, do not forget that tiles become slippery in winter and may be injured by slipping.

One of the best materials when choosing a tree for decoration will be Siberian larch. She is resistant, not afraid of water. Exotic breeds that have been treated with antiseptics are suitable.

Laminate will also be a good finishing option. He, when choosing a resistant class, is abrasion resistant, easy to install, durable material.

When living in a home for children or the elderly, you can stay on a carpet-like surface. It is available in various colors and textures.

If you are on a budget, use a regular paint job. In this case, choose a high-quality concrete paint.

In the final choice of material for finishing the stairs, be guided not only by financial capabilities, but also by the external design. After all, the staircase will always be in sight, and will serve as the hallmark of your home. Sometimes it is better to use additional funding, and to make a better finish option, since the staircase is made with a view to decades.

Of all the existing structures, concrete pouring stairs are perhaps the most durable and reliable. They have many advantages - they are not subject to corrosion and external influences, are economical in price, and are also easy to calculate and install.

It is even possible for a beginner to make such a system with his own hands, if you follow certain rules and follow the instructions for calculation and installation below, illustrated with photos and videos.

Concrete staircase - design features

A concrete ladder system of a flooded type has some design features that you need to know and take into account if you decide to build such a structure in your house with your own hands.

• Firstly, flood ladders are made on the basis of a pre-welded metal frame and fittings - thus, if you decide to make a concrete system with your own hands, you must, among other things, also have skills in working with a welding machine.
• Secondly, you must know how to make a concrete mixture in strictly defined proportions - the strength of the structure, its durability and functional characteristics depend on it.
• Thirdly, think in advance what kind of exterior finish (cladding) you will use - it can be brick, natural stone, wood and other materials. In addition, take care of a reliable enclosure of the pouring concrete system.

Calculation of a pouring concrete staircase

To get a functional and practical staircase system made of concrete, before proceeding directly to making it yourself, you need to calculate it correctly.

The instruction for calculating a concrete structure consists of the following main stages:

• We determine the height of the structure.
• We choose the angle of inclination.
• We calculate the length of the flight of stairs.
• We make calculations of the number of steps.
• Making a sketch of measurements and calculations.

We calculate the height of the stairs

The height of the concrete structure is determined empirically: measure with a tape measure the distance from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second floor (it is also the ceiling of the first level). Write down the result.

Tilt angle

The most optimal angle the inclination of the stairs is generally accepted between 30 and 45 degrees. If elderly people or small children live in the house, then the most comfortable slope will be an angle in the range from 30⁰ to 35⁰. In any case, you should not make the stairs steeper than at an angle of 45 degrees, otherwise it will be unsafe to walk on it.

Determine the length of the march

The photo below clearly shows a way to determine the length of a flight of stairs (segment AB) using the laws of trigonometry: this segment will be equal to the sum of the segments AC and CD squared:

We calculate the number of steps

The number of steps is determined based on the standard generally accepted values \u200b\u200bof the width and height of the tread:

• width - from 25 to 39 cm;
• comfortable height - 18 cm.

The number of steps can be determined very simply: divide the length of the stairs by the height of the step. For example, the length of the structure is 350 cm, the height of the step is 18 cm, then:

350: 18 \u003d 19 steps.

Making a drawing

According to the calculations made, we can now draw a sketch of the future concrete structure. In this figure, you should indicate all the measurements taken and the main dimensions of the pouring ladder.

Based on your measurements and calculations, sketch out your concrete structure

Installation instructions

Now we can proceed directly to the installation of the concrete pouring system. In order to make a ladder with your own hands correctly and efficiently, you need to follow the following step-by-step instructions:

• We collect the formwork.
• We install the reinforcement cage.
• We pour the concrete mixture into the formwork.
• We are waiting for drying and making finishing work.

Before starting work, define its main stages and strictly follow them

We collect the formwork

Do-it-yourself installation of the bottom of the formwork can be done using a plywood sheet. It is better to make this frame from waterproof plywood with a thickness of at least 15 mm.

After the bottom is installed, it is necessary to make the sides of the pallet from the boards and the same plywood, attaching them with self-tapping screws.

Installing the reinforcement

When the pallet is ready, a reinforcement cage must be installed in it. For this, a corrugated rod with a diameter of about 12 mm is used, which is knitted with a metal wire and a crochet hook.

The frame is made double - 2 battens with a cell of 200 × 200 or 200 × 150 mm are connected to each other on the sides and are stuck 50-60 cm in the center.

Pouring concrete

At this stage of installation with your own hands, a concrete mixture is poured into the formwork, which can be done based on the video below.

It is necessary to start pouring from the lower steps, because the solution will slide from top to bottom. Cuts should be made on the steps with a shovel so that no voids remain in the monolith.

The steps must be smoothed out with a trowel so that the surface is even when solidified.

Finishing work

After the mixture has completely hardened (this will take at least a few days), you can start finishing the stairs. You can overlay it with bricks, decorate with wood or stone.

Video: how to make a concrete staircase with your own hands

The video below shows the process of making a concrete staircase system with your own hands.

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Choosing a stair reinforcement scheme
Assembling the stair reinforcement cage

Before starting the reinforcement of a concrete staircase, it is necessary to assemble the staircase formwork, and then concreting the staircase. How to do it yourself is described in the article Do-it-yourself concrete stairs.

Reinforcement bars are great for reinforcing concrete stairs with simple shapes.

To understand what and why to reinforce, let's consider the forces that arise on a single-flight staircase.

This will be the force of gravity from the own weight of the stairs, its pedestrians, carried things and other heavy property. All of the above presses on the stairs from above.

At the same time, in the upper part of the ladder slab, the concrete is compressed, and in the lower part it is stretched. All this means that concrete, which is fragile in tension, needs to be reinforced at the bottom of the stair slab. In the upper part of the ladder slab, in this case, there is no need to reinforce concrete, there concrete will perfectly resist compressive forces and without any reinforcement. It should be noted that some private developers, when assembling the reinforcement cages of stairs, lay steel channels, corners, beams, etc. into the formwork on the sides.

Of course, this will not be worse, but this is a completely useless waste of expensive metal today. Reinforcement of a concrete staircase with reinforcement at the bottom is more than enough to absorb tensile forces.

The figure shows a diagram of the reinforcement of a simple one-flight staircase. It can be seen that a single-flight monolithic staircase (without a monolithic platform or winders) is reinforced only in the lower part of the slab, that is, where tensile forces are concentrated.

Sometimes you can find projects where the top of the stairs near the top surface of concrete is reinforced with a steel mesh 100x100x5 mm. Such a mesh practically does not increase the rigidity of a monolithic staircase, but only protects the steps in case of accidental strong impacts from chips.
Such a simple nature of the impacts on a simple one-flight staircase makes it possible to use a simplified technique to draw up a reinforcement scheme.

It is quite possible to determine the optimal reinforcement scheme for such simple monolithic stairs on your own.

Designations in the figure of the concrete staircase reinforcement scheme: the working height of the slab of a monolithic staircase (H), the length of the staircase (L).

The distance between the transverse reinforcement (E) is usually chosen equal to 40 cm. As the transverse reinforcement, rods with a diameter of 10 mm are used. The optimal distance of the power reinforcement to the surface is 3 cm.

The height of the working slab of the ladder (H), the diameter of the longitudinal reinforcement and the distance between the bars of the longitudinal reinforcement (I) are selected according to table. 1 depending on the free flight of the flight of stairs (L).

Table 1. Determination of the longitudinal reinforcement of a single-flight concrete staircase

In the case of a two-flight staircase with a monolithic platform, the forces that arise in the construction of a monolithic staircase, the reinforcement scheme for a concrete staircase becomes more complicated.

The picture shows that, unlike a conventional single-flight staircase without a platform, the own and useful weight of the staircase wants to break off the platforms, as it were, causing tensile forces in the upper parts of the monolithic platforms.

This is partly helped by shrinkage stresses. Therefore, monolithic platforms are reinforced both from below and from above, and the upper reinforcement in the platforms partially continues in the stairs. The parameters of the upper reinforcement cage are selected in the same way as for the lower reinforcement.

The platforms of two-flight stairs are subject to great forces from the weight of the stairs, and therefore must be firmly anchored in the wall.

In practice, reinforced concrete crowns are most often used to secure monolithic sites, which are formed by recesses in the walls with an average size of 20x20 cm.Thus, in order to secure a monolithic concrete site, strong and thick walls are needed, for example, made of concrete, concrete blocks or bricks ... With brick walls, free recesses are left in them, and in the case of the construction of thick walls made of monolithic concrete, wooden trapezoids or foam products of the appropriate size are laid to the formwork at the site of the site.

If the walls are built according to the technology of monolithic casting "thermodom", then it is most practical to monolith staircases and a platform at the stage of wall construction.

To increase the structural rigidity, ladders with monolithic platforms must be attached from above to the reinforcement cage with upper and lower reinforcement.

As for the schemes of reinforcing concrete stairs with your own hands with winder steps and spiral stairs, then their schemes of reinforcement with bar reinforcement are too complex and individual.

To compile them, at least, you will have to use special programs for calculating and designing reinforced concrete structures.

DIY concrete staircase and options for its finishing

Therefore, it is best to entrust the project of a reinforcement scheme for such stairs to professional designers, especially since the project itself will be relatively inexpensive in the total cost of a complex staircase.

In order for the bars of the reinforcement cage to maintain their design position in accordance with the reinforcement scheme, you need to fasten all the reinforcement bars together. Either spot welding or knitting can be used to bond the reinforcement meshes.

There is an opinion that welding leads to a decrease in the strength of the reinforcement, but this is true only in the case of using special high-strength reinforcement. In this case, in fact, high-strength hardened reinforcement turns into ordinary building reinforcement due to heat treatment at the welding points. Such high-strength fittings are expensive and are produced by only a few factories in the CIS on special orders.

For ordinary building reinforcement, welding does not harm in any way and is the main method of connecting reinforcing cages in industry.

Assembling the stair reinforcement cage

If there is no welding machine at hand, then the reinforcement mesh can simply be tied with annealed knitting wire using a hook.

For quick binding, the hook is conveniently clamped into an electric screwdriver.

It is even more convenient to fasten the reinforcement cages with the help of electrical plastic clamps. The truth about this method of connecting fittings is still silent on domestic SNiPs, but this method of connecting is already fully applied abroad and at private construction sites.

To maintain a distance between the bottom of the formwork and the reinforcement of 3 cm, it is convenient to use plastic clips that are sold in building supermarkets.

For a monolithic staircase, it is preferable to use a stool-shaped retainer.

Sometimes it is not possible to assemble the reinforcement cage from continuous rods of the required length.

It is difficult to do this when joining on bends, since it is not convenient to bend the reinforcement without a bending apparatus. In this case, the power fittings can be connected from pieces. The connection is made by welding or bonding. As a welding, the easiest way is to use manual electric arc seam welding between reinforcement bars. When welding bars with an overlap on both sides of the joint, there must be at least 6 diameters, and when welded only on one side, at least 12 diameters.

In the case of a two-flight staircase with a monolithic platform, the diameter of the wire, which is taken to fix two reinforcing meshes, should be at least 6 mm. If the power reinforcement is connected to each other by tying, then the overlap should be (on average) 50 diameters of the reinforcement being connected.

If there are several joints to be connected, then they are staggered so that they are at a distance of 0.7-1 m from each other.

The construction of houses, summer cottages, cottages has recently been one of the most widespread "hobbies" for most Russians. Whoever is richer, he hires professional builders, someone is trying to slowly cope on their own. It is this category that is most often looking for building advice on the Internet.

It is for those who want to build their own home with their own hands, our guide about - “ How to make a concrete staircase yourself».

A ladder is usually installed in buildings of more than one floor, but sometimes it is required to make a ladder to the basement.

After all, today no one can do without a basement private house... Where else to store the "gifts of nature": potatoes, pickles, canned food and jam?

The most durable and durable is a concrete staircase. And, by the way, the process of its arrangement is quite within the power of a skilled master.

Calculation of a concrete staircase

If interfloor stairs in a house under construction are planned from concrete, then their calculation is done at the project stage.

How to make a concrete staircase with your own hands: recommended sizes, materials and technology

If there is a need to equip a staircase to descend into the basement or basement, then measurements should be taken on site, a drawing for the future structure should be made, and then construction should be started. Before making a concrete staircase yourself, you should consider the possibility of involving a specialist in the work.

In order for the staircase to be comfortable, it is necessary to remember the standard building codes that have been used for a long time.

So, the optimal staircase width is 1 meter, the minimum is 80 cm, and the maximum is optional. The optimum step height is 17-18 cm (if facing is planned, then the height of the facing material is minus).

Convenient step width - 28-30 cm, i.e. by the length of the foot, (if the staircase is made with winders, then their width is calculated based on the angle of rotation of the staircase).

When calculating a ladder, the ascent angle is important. The optimal one is 30-35 degrees. It is important to keep the distance from the ceiling to any step, which cannot be less than 2 m.

Work order

The work must be done in a strict sequence:

• mount the formwork;
• reinforce the frame of the future stairs;
• concrete the steps.

The most time-consuming process is the installation of the formwork.

The simplest formwork is made for stairs placed between two walls that perform load-bearing functions. The marking of the future staircase is done directly on the wall and the frame itself is attached to them.

For a ladder that is attached to the wall only on one side, it will be necessary to provide supports.

We put the formwork

The actual formwork for a concrete staircase is a box, at the bottom of which there is a solid slab (it is advisable to close it with a film), side walls that correspond to the shape of the steps, and transverse boards that form the steps themselves.

With a step length of up to one meter, you need to take boards with a thickness of 30-40 mm, and if more than a meter, then you do not need to compact them with a second board. End formwork boards can have a thickness of about 30 mm.

The elements of the formwork can be fastened using self-tapping screws for wood with a diameter of 3.5 mm, they are easier to remove during dismantling than nails.

Corner elements are best connected with metal corners.

The boards that form the steps are installed with a slight offset - the second step is made 2 centimeters below the upper edge of the first. Formwork is built on this principle for all other steps. This is done so that the concrete does not fall out from under the boards.

To prevent concrete from absorbing into the wooden parts of the formwork, it is abundantly moistened before concreting, or protected with a waterproofing material.

The manufactured formwork must be well strengthened, since the concrete is very heavy and a cubic meter weighs 2.5 thousand kilograms. Therefore, the reinforcement is also attached to the side supports by about 15-25 cm.

For a non-professional builder, it will be difficult to knit the reinforcement required to give strength to the stairs.

Reinforcement cage manufacturing

As a rule, steel ribbed reinforcement with a diameter of 10 - 12 mm is used, which is knitted at the intersections with wire.

There must be at least 3 cm between the bottom of the formwork and the reinforcement.

If you plan to install a railing, then you should make mortgages of wood.

After that, you can start concreting.

Remember that the steps and slab are filled with concrete in one go. The optimal composition of concrete contains 10 parts of cement, 30 parts of crushed stone, 20 parts of sand, 7 parts of water.

They begin to pour concrete into the formwork from the bottom step, after pouring the mass is tamped and smoothed with a trowel.

Between concreting steps, it is better to take short breaks - 5-10 minutes in order to keep the concrete pressure.

After pouring all the steps, it is advisable to cover the steps with a film so that the concrete does not crack when it dries quickly.

It is better to start dismantling the formwork after three to four weeks, when the concrete is completely dry. The staircase is ready: all that remains is to finish it to your taste.

08.12.2013 at 15:12

I. General information

II. Main product characteristics

Design

V. Scope

Vi. Typical project

Vii. Making a reinforced concrete staircase on your own

VIII. Installation

IX. Average cost of reinforced concrete staircase products

During the construction of buildings, all technical nuances related to engineering projects, construction technologies and building materials are developed in detail.

Multi-storey buildings, cottages, schools, kindergartens, institute buildings, banks, industrial complexes and many other structures for residential and industrial purposes have reinforced concrete stairs + reinforced concrete staircases in their master plan-project.

I. General information

Reinforced concrete stairs and staircases are connecting elements that are installed in special openings between floors or levels (this opening is called a staircase).

These elements are subject to constant kinetic or mechanical stress. Reinforced concrete products are manufactured at concrete goods factories, according to standard sizes and building codes applying concrete grade М300... And privately to order - according to individual sketches.

Marches for stairs are an inclined component of a staircase, which includes load-bearing beams and a certain number of steps (from 3 to 18 steps).

Standard march width, exactly 90cm.

II. Main product characteristics

- persistent monolithic construction,
- has a long service life,
- is not exposed to destructive actions from sharp temperature changes,
- does not rot and is not destroyed by insects or rodents,
-has high resistance to chemical and mechanical stress,
- has no tendency to aging,
- has a high resistance to wear,
- the possibility of variety in the decorative and finishing design of the flooring,
- the ability to manufacture any shape and configuration,
- reasonable price and quality,
- stair steps are reinforced concrete, fire-resistant and durable.

Reinforced concrete stairs and marches have only one drawback - the weighting of the overall structure of the building.

III.

According to the methodology of the production process and engineering technologies, products are subdivided:
- for monolithic type (prefabricated),
- combined type.

According to the number of flights used, concrete stairs are classified:
- on one-march,
- two-march,
- three-march
- and screw.

By form there are: straight, L-shaped, U-shaped, Y-shaped, curved, screw and exclusive configuration.

According to GOST, reinforced concrete flights are divided into the following types:
- flat march without equipping frieze stepped elements (LM)
- ribbed march equipped with frieze steps (LMF),
- ribbed march with a half-platform (LMP).

IV.

Design

All reinforced concrete elements of the staircase - flights, steps, platforms and beams, as well as additional components and fastening materials make up the reinforced concrete structures of the stairs, which are deliberately displayed in the design documentation of the house, namely in the drawing of the staircase.

The design parameters of the prefabricated modification divide the products into small-sized and large-sized ones.

Small-sized group is assembled from individual elements composed of steps, stringers (or without stringers), platform beams and slabs.

The heaviest of this design are platform beams (300-450kg).

Large or industrial stairs differ in size and number structural elements: platforms and marches.

V.

Application area

- industrial complexes of all types,
- schools and kindergartens,
- air and railway stations,
- cinemas and restaurants,
- higher buildings educational institutions,
- ordinary stairs for a house, reinforced concrete up to 3 floors,
- multi-storey frame, brick, stone houses and other areas.

Vi.

Typical project

The development of drawing and technical information with the provision of all structural details of the future staircase is a typical project. Several options with drawings are provided to the customer for consideration. They include technical drawings with component parts and their dimensions. Drawings can be drawn up individually for each type of stairs. Namely: straight, L-shaped, U-shaped, Y-shaped, curved, spiral staircases.

How to make a concrete staircase with your own hands

In three dimensions and in section, all the complexities of the future structure are clearly visible in combination with the interior of the house.


A typical project of a staircase complex is carried out before the construction of a house (low-rise or multi-storey buildings). It is included in the general construction project.

All details of the project plan are negotiated and agreed with the customer. A typical project for the installation of reinforced concrete stairs and marches can be ordered from design government organizations or from private design offices.

List of detailed information of the drawing part of the project
precise technical marks for high-rise installation,
range of sizes in the horizontal and vertical plane,
clearance niches for fastening products;
parameters of concrete steps,
all technical data for the installation of beam products,
calculation of the resistance of buildings to the additional weight of stairs,

Typical projects are divided into standard (for multi-storey buildings), and non-standard or individual (for private houses).

The first includes prefabricated stairs (factory), consisting of two elements: a staircase and a flight. To the second - all other options.

In typical projects of private houses up to 3 floors and above, they take into account: firstly, the size of the site allocated for construction or installation, secondly, the manufacturing and installation technology, the type of raw materials used in production and the shape of the staircase, and thirdly, the place intended for installation (load-bearing walls, middle of the hall) and geographical area.

The number of steps, width, height and shape are agreed with the customer.

Vii. Making a reinforced concrete staircase on your own

The question always arises "how to make a RC ladder with your own hands?" Some skills are required in this work. construction industry, as well as perfectly study the installation stages: the assembly of the formwork, the installation of the frame from the reinforcement and the concrete pouring of the frame.

Assembling the formwork is the most sensitive moment - an accurate selection of formwork for each element is performed.

Wooden boards, plywood and metal sheets can serve as formwork. When installing, the wooden formwork must be soaked in water to prevent the absorption of moisture from the concrete and the violation of the geometric shape of the steps, etc.

elements. An easy option for manual installation is a wall ladder or a wall ladder. The most difficult operation is the manufacture of formwork for a spiral staircase.

All options are inherent in the installation of support beams from a thick bar.

After final assembly and reinforcement of the formwork sections, reinforcement of marches and platforms is performed. The role of reinforcement is played by metal rods and mesh. The final step is pouring concrete. To prepare the concrete composition, you will need cement, sand, crushed stone. All components are diluted with water, then stirred in a concrete mixer for 15 minutes.

With the help of buckets, the solution is poured into the formwork.

Within 25-28 days, concrete takes one hundred percent maturity, it's time to start decorating. Natural wood, laminate, thick plastic, cork - ideal for finishing work.

Precise technological execution phased construction will give concrete structures strength and appropriate resistance to various destructive environments.

All dIY products, elements and stairs (reinforced concrete) have a number of advantages, namely: high resistance to mechanical stress due to the applied building materials, special decorative finishing and different exclusive forms, therefore staircases in private houses, reinforced concrete, are preferred by all clients who have country houses.

VIII.

Installation

The installation begins with the pouring of a concrete platform on the ground floor in the stairwell. Precise marks for RC structures are made in advance. Each board is checked for defects.

Phased installation: stringers of 2 marches enter the nests of the platform beams. The stepped part is superimposed on the kosoura, resting on it with its ends, while the leading edge rests on the step lying below.

The march consists of two steps - lower and upper. Their purpose is to go to the site. In turn, the site is a reinforced concrete slab with an emphasis, which serve as the load-bearing walls of the building or concrete beams. The handrails are screwed to the grille.

The connection of these structural elements is carried out by welding.

Factory marches have a solid section, and the treads are folded or overhead. The handrails are delivered to the site ready-made and installed on site. The weight of the RC element reaches 1 ton.

When installing large-sized reinforced concrete positions, teams of professional builders and special equipment (crane) are involved. The installation technology is carried out simultaneously with the construction of high-rise buildings. Phasing technological process it is recommended to strictly observe otherwise it is fraught with unforeseen circumstances - the collapse of staircase structures or cracks in load-bearing walls and the products themselves.

Installation of stairs on metal reinforced concrete stringers is the easiest option and consists in: installing stringers, installing formwork and reinforcement, the last - pouring concrete.

This architectural composition can be installed anywhere. They are mounted without the use of additional equipment, unless the weight of the marches does not exceed 350-400kg.

IX. Average cost of reinforced concrete staircase products

To the attention of builders, you can buy combined reinforced concrete stairs in a ready-made prefabricated form at factories. And also individually you can make stairs to order reinforced concrete in professional companies for the production of reinforced concrete products.

Product type (length) (width) (height) (weight) price

ML30-60-10 (9 steps) (3610.0) (1050.0) (1200.0) (1.80) 10570 RUR
ML30-60-12 (9 steps) (3610.0) (1200.0) (1200.0) (2.0) 11860 RUR
ML36-60-13 (11 steps) (4280.0) (1350.0) (1200.0) (2.70) 17970 RUR
1LM30.11.15-4 (3000.0) (1050.0) (2500.0) (1.480) 9850 RUR
1LM30.12.15-4 (3000.0) (1200.0) (2500.0) (1.70) 10500 rub
LM1(3910.0) (1050.0) (1600.0) (1.920) 11650 RUR
LM2(4250.0) (1050.0) (1800.0) (2.080) 10750 RUR

Monolithic concrete staircase

In the construction of country houses and apartments on several levels, stairs are used. These essential elements must be practical and safe.

Most often, monolithic concrete stairs have recently begun to be used, since they do not need processing after pouring and have a number of indisputable advantages.

1. Calculations and project preparation
2. Manufacturing

Device options and advantages

The structure can be both indoors and outdoors and, depending on the type, consist of one or two inclined beams and steps.

The following can be used as load-bearing elements:

• Kosour monolithic stairs - can be made of reinforced concrete or steel, the steps are attached from above.
• Bowstring - the steps are inserted into the grooves located on the inside. It is made from reinforced concrete, steel or wood.

Monolithic concrete stairs have a number of indisputable advantages: strength, durability, high environmental friendliness.

The structure does not require frequent repairs, it can be made by individual order... The advantages include relatively inexpensive materials and work.

It is very important that high-quality monolithic stairs made of concrete are quiet and safe.

Main types

Stepped products are different:

• A concrete staircase for a house can be entirely monolithic.

  It is poured into a previously prepared formwork, dismantled after solidification cement mortar... It is worth noting that this option has been rarely used for home lately. There are several reasons for this, but the main one lies in the high weight, due to which the load on the foundation significantly increases. But a basement or courtyard staircase made of concrete is not uncommon today.

• Combined - made of cement-sand mortar and metal.

  They consist of a high-quality steel frame and concrete steps. In this case, the formwork is assembled for each of them separately.

There is another classification of monolithic concrete stairs:

• Marching flights - can contain 1, 2 or more flights, called flights. According to building codes, the ideal angle is 45˚. The most optimal march is considered to have 9 steps, sometimes it is advisable to use more, although then you will also have to make a staircase.

  In width, it should be the same as the span, and its length should not exceed 1.5 average steps. This type is one of the most common.

• Screw or spiral - are a more complex design, so they are not used too often.

  They are not very convenient, but take up little space, so they can be used in small rooms. Spiral monolithic reinforced concrete stairs are calculated and designed much easier than marching ones.

  DIY concrete staircase - calculations, installation, advice on how to make

  So, if the length of the steps is 0.5 m, the length of the entire staircase will be approximately 2 times longer. In the interior of modern houses and multi-level apartments, they look very elegant and stylish. They can be successfully combined with marching ones. So, in the main part of the house, a product of the first type is installed, for example, from the 1st to the 2nd floor, and from the 2nd to the attic - a spiral staircase, which will save not only money, but also space.

The product can be ordered from professional builders or made by yourself.

It should be noted right away that this is a very laborious process, and those who have never worked with a cement-sand mixture should not undertake its implementation, as this will jeopardize the safety of movement. Do not forget that a monolithic staircase with your own hands must be made of high-strength concrete.

It should be thick and not slip out of the formwork, while breaking symmetry.

In order to calculate the height, you need to measure it from the floor to that part of the wall where the last step will end.

After that, visually draw a diagonal from the end point to the floor in such a way that a right-angled triangle is obtained. Then calculate the most optimal flight width, length and height of each step. Do not forget to deduct the height of the upper floor slab, as well as those that will serve as the base of the stairs and its platform, if you decide to make a two-flight structure.

Write down all calculations on paper and make a drawing. When calculating the height of the steps, do not forget that they will be lined with some material, for example, plastic or carpet, their thickness must be taken into account.

Do-it-yourself stairs

Only the highest quality materials are used. The grade of concrete for the manufacture of a monolithic staircase should not be less than M-300.

• They start with the assembly of the formwork. It is necessary so that the cement-sand mixture does not flow out and does not creep, it is advisable to use moisture-resistant plywood. Do not forget about a special adhesive lubricant, which will help you easily and without damaging the surface to dismantle the assembly equipment.
• Reinforced mesh, consisting of strong metal rods, point-welded to each other, is an indispensable component of both monolithic marching stairs and spiral ones.

  It acts as a skeleton that prevents the concrete from cracking and crumbling.

• After the formwork and the reinforced mesh are ready, you can start concreting the monolithic stairs. It is worth noting that they are installed before finishing dwellings during construction. Make sure the concrete is sticky and start pouring it into the formwork. It is more convenient to do this from the top step.

  It is very important to monitor the absence of bubbles and voids; each freshly poured step must be tamped. To do this, use a vibrating screed.

Monolithic concrete staircases can be used only after the surface is completely dry. And the facing work is best left at the time of completion. interior decoration at home.

The cost

If you do not want to do the work yourself, then you can contact the specialists.

The price of a monolithic concrete staircase in Moscow in this case will be approximately as follows:

Do-it-yourself monolithic concrete staircase: photo and video instruction

Concrete is a material of extraordinary strength and durability. But for the builder, its most interesting property is the plasticity of the freshly prepared mixture. If structures made of other materials are precisely constructed, that is, they are composed of elements, then concrete ones are poured in the finished form.

A monolithic concrete staircase is without a doubt the most durable of all.

In this case, the view can be more than fantastic. In this lesson, you will learn how to make a monolithic concrete staircase with your own hands without the involvement of specialists.

For this, you only need desire, perseverance, patience and determination.

Varieties of construction

According to the method of manufacturing concrete stairs, they are classified into two types:

1. monolithic - the march and the staircase, if any, are a single whole and are manufactured as one structure.

   For a monolithic concrete staircase, the price varies depending on the structure;

2. combined - march elements are produced separately. For example, a metal frame is installed, and steps for stairs are made of concrete.

In the first case, the entire process is carried out at the installation site. In the second, the construction is only being assembled on site.

Diy calculation, installation, pouring and finishing of concrete stairs

In the photo - monolithic concrete stairs.

Necessary requirements

A concrete structure, with its other advantages, has one disadvantage that is significant for private construction - a large weight.

Therefore, before deciding how to make a concrete staircase in a house, you first need to make sure that the wall and floor can withstand such a load.

A standard run 4 m long and 1 m wide weighs about 2.5 tons. The support of such a structure should be either a monolithic foundation or a reinforced concrete beam.

When installing in an already finished building, one more difficulty may appear.

If a layer of heat insulator is placed under the coating, then under the weight of the march it will be squeezed. Before installation, it is necessary to disassemble the floor and remove the insulation.

Construction of concrete stairs

This whole process is laborious and time-consuming, since the installation of formwork, and pouring, and, most importantly, the hardening of the material, take a lot of time.

However, a do-it-yourself concrete staircase is a doable task.

Do-it-yourself concrete staircase construction is carried out in several stages:

• layout;
• formwork device;
• reinforcement;
• pouring with concrete.

Preliminary calculations

Making a staircase out of concrete will not require excessive effort if it is provided for its construction at the planning stage.

The easiest option is to make steps between the two walls. And the formwork in this case is simple, and the volume of concrete is minimal.

If the building has already been built, then the arrangement of the stairs will depend on the parameters of the room.

When choosing a project, you need to remember some features:

• the steeper the march angle, the less concrete is required and the lower the price of the product will be.

  But at the same time, the greater the slope, the more difficult it is to rise and fall along it;

• it is easier to build a staircase than run-in steps;
• for spiral staircases, it will require many non-standard formwork panels, which will significantly complicate installation. The price also rises;
• when calculating, it is necessary to take into account the recommended step sizes, otherwise it will be extremely inconvenient to use it.

Formwork manufacturing

In fact, it is a wooden mold, which is used for pouring concrete.

Formwork is being built from plywood with a thickness of 12-18 mm or edged boards of 3 cm.

1. If the formwork for a concrete staircase is supposed to be used once, then the material is not protected. If repeatedly, then the product is overlapped with glassine, old linoleum, roofing material.
2. The material is fastened with self-tapping screws for wood: it is difficult to remove nails after concreting.
3. For props and temporary struts, a beam with a cross section of up to 10 * 10 cm is used. The number of props is calculated based on the fact that a pine beam with a length of 3 m can withstand up to 150 kg.
4. All elements are cut from plywood or boards with a jigsaw and assembled according to a sketch.

   In the finished form, the formwork looks like a model of a staircase, in which only the upper part of the step and platform is missing.

5. It is better to make the side formwork from plywood, the bottom from boards, as shown in the photo.

Reinforcement of the staircase structure

Before pouring concrete into the staircase formwork, reinforcement is made.

The metal frame significantly increases the strength of the product, prevents cracking and crumbling of concrete. Mounting rods and steel mesh are used.

1. At the stage of installing the formwork in the wall, you need to make grooves for attaching the mounting rods.
2. Transverse rods are fixed in the grooves, then the longitudinal ones are laid - the step between them depends on the length of the span.
3. Fastening of reinforcing rods is done either by spot welding or by wire binding.

   The latter method is more appropriate for a small amount of work.

4. The resulting frame mesh should rise by 5-10 mm above the bottom. For this, plastic bosses are installed under the mesh.
5. The side edge of the step is reinforced with a reinforcing bar, the top - with a flat steel mesh, fixed to the main frame.

Concreting stairs

For pouring concrete stairs, a mortar grade of at least B15 is used.

The composition is independently made in a concrete mixer. It is necessary to add at least 4 parts of crushed stone (fraction 10 - 20 millimeters) to the finished mortar so that the concrete does not flow out of the formwork during pouring.

The technology for the construction of concrete stairs provides for the sequence of the following stages:

1. The stairs are concreted at a time, so it is advisable to prepare the solution in one portion.
2. The formwork is wetted with water.
3. Filling is done from bottom to top.
4. The steps are tamped and carefully leveled with a trowel.
5. Concrete surfaces are covered with foil to prevent uneven drying.
6. Formwork and supports are removed after the concrete has hardened - not earlier than after 4 weeks.

Monolithic concrete stairs are designed for the most severe operating conditions.

It is difficult to find a more durable and unpretentious material for external structures. Inside the building, the attractiveness of the structure is equally important. The most varied finishing is possible: wood cladding, facing with artificial stone or ceramic tiles, a combination of materials. The choice of decoration depends only on the characteristics of the interior and personal tastes.

The video plot below will tell you in detail about the construction of a monolithic concrete staircase on your own!

Successful construction!

Do-it-yourself monolithic concrete staircase: video

Reading time ≈ 4 minutes

Manufacturing a solid concrete staircase is ideal for private houses. The purchase of materials does not require significant costs, the work can be carried out on our own. Before starting construction, it is only important to draw up the correct drawing, make calculations, and carry out the correct preparation. A concrete staircase is being erected with your own hands without any particular difficulties: you just need to take into account the step-by-step instructions and recommendations of specialists.

Assembling the formwork

Before starting work, you need to prepare a strobe for filling the marching platform. The depth of the groove should be about 10 cm.

After pouring with concrete, the thickness of the staircase will be 15 cm.

Structural reinforcement and concrete pouring

The fabrication of the structure will be reliable only if the reinforcement is correct. Therefore, any monolithic concrete staircase must include reinforcement with a diameter of at least 10-12 mm. They should be placed along the shields at a distance of about 10-15 cm.

At the top, the ladder rests on a slab and reinforcement must be driven into it. The fittings are connected with a wire.

It is important that at the bottom the staircase rests on the slab in the place where the foundation wall passes (this must be taken into account when planning the house). If the support of the march of a concrete staircase is simply on the slab without support from below, then the slab itself may burst, because the weight of the monolithic staircase is impressive.

Side shields are installed from the board and timber. Boards for the construction of steps are attached to them. The optimal step height is approximately 17-20 cm, but it all depends on the angle of inclination of the stairs, the width of the tread. If desired, the performer can make a concrete staircase to the second floor with slightly smaller or larger transitions. Additionally, the step boards are interconnected to create a solid structure.

After installing the formwork, concrete is poured according to the following scheme:

1. The first couple of steps are filled.
2. A similar filling of the steps is carried out up to the cruise flight. Next, the site itself is filled with a solution.
3. Further filling of the steps is carried out up to the floor slabs of the second floor.
4. The concrete is compacted with a vibrator (it removes air bubbles in the concrete).

It is recommended to use concrete grade M250-300 in the work. Before starting work, auxiliary supports should be installed, which will exclude the displacement of the structure due to an overly heavy mortar. It will be difficult to manually prepare the required volume of the mixture, therefore, a concrete mixer and an assistant should be used in the work. When the correct pouring of the concrete staircase is completed, the performer will only need to wait for the complete solidification of the solution.

Features of removing the formwork

In order for the ongoing production of a concrete staircase to be completed correctly, there is no need to rush to remove the formwork. It is recommended to remove side boards and step boards no earlier than after 7-14 days. It is advisable to wait 1.5 weeks - this period will be enough for a good setting of the solution. After another 1-2 weeks, the vertical supports and the lower formwork are removed. At this stage, the staircase in the concrete house can be fully used for further construction work.

The given instructions with photos and videos will help you understand how to make a concrete staircase yourself. But it is also important to take into account the accuracy of the subsequent work. Completely cured concrete should be sanded to eliminate uneven surfaces. If necessary, you can finish with wood, tiles and other wear-resistant materials. But it should be borne in mind that the load on the stairs should not be significant.

A concrete staircase can not only fulfill its direct functional duties, but also become excellent design solution for your home.

The presence of a staircase in a house can be not only functional, but also stylish, since in itself it is an excellent decorative element. But a ladder made with your own hands gives the home owner a reason to boast of his skills and will become the pride of the house. In addition, it should be noted that its independent installation does not require as much effort as it might seem at first glance.

How to make a concrete staircase

A concrete staircase is one of the most reliable and more durable construction, unlike its wooden brothers.

Varieties of concrete stairs

There are two types of concrete stairs:

1. Monolithic. This type of concrete staircase is installed in almost all places, for example, in basements, on streets or for porches.

2. Combined. The same type of concrete stairs implies a complex metal structure, which also serves as a frame for fastening concrete steps. The ebb of the steps themselves takes place using formwork with a reinforcing mesh. For the manufacture of the steps themselves, concrete, crushed granite and marble chips are used. After the concrete mixture has dried, it should be polished.

How to make calculated measurements correctly

To facilitate the work, you can use your own sketch of the future staircase, which can also be useful in the future. Like any repair work, this process should also be broken down into stages:

1. Calculation of the formwork.Initially, the position of the ladder should be determined - it can be located on the ground, adjoin a wall, connect two opposite walls, etc. After all, it is on these moments that the further calculation and construction of the stairs, and the formwork as a whole, depend.

2. When calculating a staircase, the number and size of its steps are taken into account. The recommended step height should be between 16 and 20 cm and the width should be more than 27 cm. If you end up with more than 14 steps, it is recommended to make two spans.

You should also take into account the residents of the house, since it is difficult for older people to climb high steps, and small children running around the house may not stumble successfully and injure themselves.

3. When designing a ladder, it is necessary to take into account that its angle should vary from 25 to 45 degrees, because the higher the angle of inclination, the more difficult it is to climb such a ladder.

4. The width of the staircase itself should not exceed 80-90 cm. Although if the concrete staircase is part of the interior of a private house or summer cottage, then the width is chosen according to the taste of the owner of the house.

5. When choosing materials for the construction of formwork, it is required to take into account the entire weight of the structure: 1 sq. a meter of concrete with a thickness of 20 cm weighs on average about 500 kg. And the weight of the whole march with a drop (height 2.5 meters, length 4 m) and a width of 1 m is about 2.5 tons.

6. To prepare a concrete solution you will need: 0 cement PC-400 (1l), sand (2l), crushed stone (4l), water (0.6l), plasticizer (C-3) (10ml).

7. To obtain a high-quality concrete solution, it is better to use a concrete mixer, for compaction, use a special electric vibrator. Indeed, the strength of the support depends on the quality of the solution produced in the future.

8. The poured surface is covered with plastic wrap to prevent drying out. The formwork is removed no earlier than after 3-4 weeks, while the concrete is at least 80% stronger.

It is important to remember that when calculating all the initial data, you need to take into account such a factor as thickness flooring and the floor itself.

Formwork construction is the very first stage in the preparation of a concrete staircase. For its correct assembly, certain materials will initially be required: waterproof plywood (about 20 mm in section), building beam (section 100x100ml).

For the formwork intended for a monolithic concrete staircase, the following materials are needed:

A piece of timber, which will fasten the formwork elements to each other and to the walls;

Also, for connecting steps, which will be an obstacle to stretching the sheets when pouring concrete;

Formwork elements with run-in steps. If the foot length is 1m, then the boards must be at least 30mm thick, and the length of 1.2m requires at least 40mm thickness.

End formwork. It can be in the form of plywood sheets, or a template with pre-prepared dimensions can be used. The boards used for this formwork are selected with a size of approximately 30 mm.

I would like to draw your attention to the fact that the formwork elements are often fastened with self-tapping screws for wood (diameter 3.5), since they are easier to remove than nails during dismantling work.

Applied technologies in the production of concrete stairs

Such a thing as formwork serves as the basis for high-quality operation of a concrete staircase, and its main criterion is that there should be no gaps or cracks in it. For the formwork frame, waterproof plywood is used, which prevents the flow of concrete mortar. Plywood is used in combination with boards that fit tightly to each other.

Before the resulting frame is filled with a concrete solution, a reinforcing frame is inserted there. The entire flight of stairs is framed with steel rods, which are firmly connected by cross ties.

To strengthen the front steps of the stairs, transverse reinforcement is used, which prevents them from crumbling and the appearance of cracks in them. Before directly pouring concrete, you need to leave wooden plugs or metal embedded plates to which the stair railings will be attached in the future.

The surface of the poured solution, while it has not cooled down, is leveled with special tools, so that it will be easier to grind in the future.

You can move up the stairs only after the final drying of the concrete solution.

The facing of the stairs is the final stage of all repair work. It is carried out no earlier than 3-4 weeks, subject to drying at room temperature. The frame of the formwork is removed, the embeds themselves and the surface of the steps are fed to the processing using a grinding machine.

It is designed to perfectly level surfaces. For facing concrete stairs, materials such as ceramic tiles, wood, natural stones or porcelain stoneware.

Today modern market repair materials offers a wide range of stair railings - welded, prefabricated, aluminum, combined.

Positive sides of concrete stairs

When the layout of the future house is being developed, it must be borne in mind that a concrete staircase, unlike wooden structures, is laid immediately on the spot, it cannot be transported. But, despite this, it has a number of indisputable advantages:

1. The operation of such a ladder can be carried out at any repair stages (in whatever form it may be).

2. When developing the design of the staircase, you can add various hidden cabinets and niches into it, which will significantly save space and help get rid of unnecessary things.

3. The financial costs of building a concrete staircase with your own hands are only in the cost of materials. And the cost, in turn, depends on the quality of the selected sources. In addition, when working independently, the time intervals of work are easily calculated.

4. Concrete, as a material, in itself is very moisture resistant, and is also not susceptible to fire.

5. A concrete staircase serves as an additional support for the entire building.

6. Concrete staircases are very resistant to external mechanical damage, which allows them to be used more heavily.

1. It is important to remember that when concreting staircases, it occurs in one step and the process itself begins to be carried out from the bottom up.

2. In order to avoid the "mobility" of the concrete solution, it is recommended to add 10-20 mm crushed stone to it.

3. When choosing a grade of concrete for a staircase, it must be at least B15.

4. Interesting fact: if heavy concrete is not compacted by 1%, then its strength will decrease by 5-7%. That is why such a nuance as compaction can significantly affect the quality of a concrete staircase. This is exactly what the electric vibrator is for.

5. Grouting is preceded by the formation of the reinforcement ladder frame. Its main function is to strengthen the internal strength of all structures.

If you have any questions on this topic, ask them to the specialists and readers of our project.