New technologies for the construction of private houses frame houses. Application of new technologies in construction. House-building development trends

When choosing a project for building a house, each owner expects to fulfill two conditions: the efficiency of assembly and the comfort of housing. That is why manufacturers offer high-quality and practical modern materials... And the latest technologies are also used. For example, smart home technology that meets all the requirements and demands of a modern user.

New materials and their features

It is worth immediately paying attention to the fact that the latest technologies in construction and high-tech materials are different concepts, although they lie in the same plane. In particular, such piece products as:

• blocks of foam concrete;
• gas blocks;
• rounded log;
• OSB boards;
• Sandwich panels;
• SIP panels;
• other ...

These are production innovations that have recently appeared on the building materials market, however, they do not determine new technological methods, but have features in terms of installation. For example:

• Block products (foam, aerated concrete) has a larger format than block bricks, has increased energy consumption, low weight, variable density. Due to these indicators, the construction period is reduced, the workability is increased and all the high indicators of strength, comfort and practicality of a private house remain. Another plus is that the price of materials is lower than for a brick, and due to the low weight of the structure, the arrangement of a lightweight foundation is shown.

• Rounded log - natural material with all the characteristics natural wood, which has high heat capacity, but the price of the material is lower than that of glued beams, although the practical qualities remain at a high level. The developer gets comfortable piece material stable shape, saving on procurement, and thereby reducing the total cost of the project.
• Panels. The product is also a piece production, ideal for a private developer. The convenience of the material in its full readiness for installation, that is, the panels are already equipped with a heat-insulating layer, a windproof membrane and moisture protection. You just need to mount a box of walls, ceilings and a roof - the house is ready. In some cases, panel sections have external and internal finishing. The price of materials is much lower than any other piece products, the light weight of the elements requires a lightweight foundation, the assembly is carried out without "wet processes", lifting equipment is not always required for installation, which allows you to build a house with your own hands.

At the same time, all of these materials are of invaluable quality - they are capable of embodying any forms and formats of buildings, without requiring large investments from the developer.

New technologies and their features

The use of materials of a new order does not cancel the use of building houses using new technologies. The combination of the two indicators provides not only the efficiency of the construction of buildings, but also a significant reduction in the cost of housing construction.

TISE

Extremely popular technology, which also has the definition of "movable formwork". The process was developed by domestic scientists and, when used, does not require not only the use of special equipment, but also allows you to literally manage with just one pair of hands.

TISE principle

The method is characterized by the installation of pile elements or the arrangement of a columnar foundation, supplemented by a grillage. An obligatory tool is a drill developed for the TISE technology. Wall panels for this lightweight foundation are assembled from a block piece product formed directly on the construction site: the mobile formwork acts as a form and moves along the wall panels as soon as the module is made solidifies.

Technology advantages:

1. Complete absence of cold bridges;
2. A team of professionals is not needed, it is quite possible to do with your own hands and a couple of assistants to move the formwork and earthworks;
3. Variability of block composition, which reduces construction costs.

Advice! Most often, TISE technology uses two building materials: concrete and brick. Concrete blocks are characterized by high heat capacity, bricks for facing will give the structure strength, shape stability and additional rigidity.

Frame construction

This is one of the simplest and convenient ways construction of a private house. A variety of options for arranging the frame, an easy foundation, the ability to build houses up to 2 floors, a huge number of projects and the practicality of the house are the main advantages of the technology.

Features:

The construction of the frame begins immediately after the foundation is installed. The entire structure consists of block elements arranged horizontally, vertically or diagonally, articulated with each other different options... Used lumber, metal - it all depends on the financing and preferences of the developer.

It is only important to remember that the metal frame, although it is more durable, requires drilling tools for metal, welding - these nuances can complicate the process of erecting the frame. Good quality lumber is not inferior to metal in terms of resistance, while simplifying the assembly process. Most often, a good quality timber is used, due to which both the shown rigidity of the frame and its geometric stability are preserved.

Modern construction frame houses allows several options for filling the walls:

1. OSB slabs act as wall panels and are filled with any available heat-insulating material, for example, mineral wool, foam concrete, expanded clay backing, polyurethane foam.
2. Prefabricated panelboard SIP panels, already completed with insulation, wind, hydro-protective film.

Advice! Practicing modern materials and technologies for construction, it is necessary to consider the convenient use of all elements. In particular, if you build a house with SIP panels, then in order to manage on your own, you will either have to choose lightweight elements or hire lifts, since wall panel elements are often heavy in weight. But it all depends on the preferences of the owner of the house.

Technology advantages

1. The lightness of the structure does not require the construction of heavy and powerful foundations, which means that the construction of a house is available on any soil without additional earthwork;
2. Minimum construction costs and the ability to quickly redevelop, complete the building;
3. Variability of external, internal cladding - panels and sheets easily accept finishing materials, so you can change the look of the house at least every season.

3D panels

These are, perhaps, the latest technologies in construction, which are still little known and available to developers. Despite the cheapness, availability is limited by ignorance and nothing else, because construction using 3D panels is nothing more than a modified version of the frame construction of houses.

The panels are produced in industrial conditions, they are not a kind of prefabricated panel board element, but a monolith of a polystyrene foam plate, additionally reinforced with reinforcing mesh structures on both sides. Such systems are connected to each other by metal reinforcement rods passing through the entire structure, due to which not only the stability of the shape of the panels is preserved, but also explains the high strength, resistance to any natural influences. At the same time, the extremely light weight of the structure is preserved, and the assembly does not present any difficulties.

Technology advantages

In the standard sense, a 3D panel structure does not have any "rigid frame", instead the builder receives a panel element that is connected with a rigid clip and thereby forms load-bearing wall panels. After the installation of these panels, the entire structure is filled with a concrete "jacket", which only increases all the advantages of such a house:

1. The polymers used to create the panels have high energy efficiency, which means that heat loss in such a house will be minimal;
2. Ease of assembly ensures the efficiency of development;
3. Manufactured in an industrial setting guarantees quality as individual element, and the entire building as a whole;
4. There is no need to create a heavy foundation, 3D panels do not have a heavy mass even in concrete pouring.

Important! The material is much simpler than any block products in the sense that when hanging heavy cabinets you do not have to strengthen the wall with boards. Moreover, the price of 3D panels may well compete with foam, gas-block products.

Fixed formwork

The availability and ease of implementation made this technology one of the most popular and frequently used in individual housing construction.

The principle of technology and its merits

As in the case of TISE, the use of non-removable formwork allows you to build a house alone. Other advantages are the following factors:

1. The formwork is formed from block or panel structures, which, during the construction of the house, are located along the perimeter of the base and form a wall where the reinforcement is mounted and a concrete solution is poured, which gives the structure additional rigidity;
2. The variability of the formwork filler allows you to save a lot on building a house;
3. It is possible to build structures up to 2 floors, while the foundation remains lightweight due to the low weight of the entire building.

Advice! If you choose not only new technologies for the construction of private houses, but also the correct filling materials, in this case, for wall formwork, you will not have to worry about additional thermal insulation materials.

Construction from SIP panels

As for this technology, the most modern materials are also used here, but the very essence comes down to a subspecies of frame construction. SIP panels are a shield material of two chipboard boards, between which a heat-insulating and waterproofing material is laid, an additional wind membrane is often present. The main advantage of such panels is their readiness for installation on site.

In addition, there are more pluses:

1. Efficiency of assembly at home;
2. The light weight of the panels, which allows the use of a lightweight foundation and do it yourself during construction.

Advice! Despite the seeming lightness of the panels, it is a very durable material. The built house will not only be warm, practical, but also durable. SIP panels easily withstand hurricane winds, snowfalls and other environmental influences. At the same time, the material is easily assembled, bonded and, most importantly, the production of panels is possible only in industrial conditions, which, with a good selection of a supplier, guarantees excellent quality of piece elements.

Velox

A relatively new technology used for the construction of private houses, the principle of which is also the use of fixed formwork. The difference from other methods is that the formwork is made not from expanded polystyrene block elements, but from slabs of chip-cement or cement-chip type. The outer plate has an additional seal and insulation made of expanded polystyrene. Fixed formwork happens in different options thickness and is combined with a cement mortar with the addition of liquid glass, which imparts moisture-repellent properties to the structure.

The advantages are the following factors:

1. Light weight and thickness of wall panels;
2. Lack of additional insulation;
3. Efficiency construction works;
4. The strength of the building.

Applying new technologies in the construction of private houses, one should not forget about other nuances: as a rule, all modern technologies are not designed for multi-storey buildings, therefore an accurate and high-quality calculation of the load and filling of buildings is required. And, of course, not the last point - materials. Manufacturers offer a huge range of products that are distinguished by excellent quality indicators at a reduced cost.

In recent years, new technologies for the construction of cottages have appeared almost daily: in addition to the fact that the speed of building a house has significantly increased (if earlier this process could take a couple of years, now it is realistic to keep within a month), builders are betting on the environmental friendliness of the materials used. We have prepared a small overview of the latest world developments, which are gradually beginning to take root in the Russian space.

Frame construction

Houses on a metal or timber frame first appeared in Europe in the late 60s, and since then this particular technology has been one of the most popular in the world. The house is actually assembled, like a constructor, from ready-made panels that are produced at the factory; panels can be wooden (made of laminated veneer lumber), polyurethane foam, aerated concrete. This is the fastest way to get a warm new home as soon as possible. In recent years, the Canadian EcoPan technology and the domestic NESST have attracted general interest - we will discuss them below.

EcoPan

This technology implies the use of heat-insulating panels for the roof, walls and floors, consisting of three layers (sandwich structure): two pressed boards of wood chips (OSB) are connected to each other by a layer of insulation, the functions of which are performed by solid polystyrene foam.

Features:

A house using the Ecopan technology can be erected on any foundation: first, a wooden frame is installed (boards or beams are used; however, you can do without a frame if you use panel-board technology). Then panels of three different types - the thickest (about 200 mm) for the roof and walls, and thinner (100-150 mm) for the internal floors. In this case, the main supporting function will be performed not by the frame, but by OSB boards: due to the fact that the layers of shavings in their structure are oriented perpendicular to each other and pressed at high temperatures, one such plate can withstand the same load as a bar with a thickness of 70-80 cm (laboratory tested).

Benefits

Our compatriots still do not really trust "imported houses", preferring the logic "the thicker the walls, the warmer the house". Meanwhile, in the northern states of the United States and Canada, the average annual temperature is sometimes lower than in central Russia, and cold winds and snow storms are frequent guests in the autumn and winter periods. Nonetheless, frame technology It has successfully proven itself even in adverse weather conditions: the plates are hermetically fitted to each other during assembly, and the house can be easily operated in a wide temperature range, from frost to -45 degrees Celsius to forty-degree heat.

In addition, when assembling such a house, all communications are mounted into the wall, so you immediately get a cozy and aesthetic home. If you started repairs, then the internal OSB plate can be easily dismantled, get to the pipe or cable, and then install it back - the thermal insulation properties of the house will not be violated. And, of course, unlike log houses, the construction of the walls allows you to use any interior and facade decoration.

In addition to heat resistance and practicality, one of the most attractive advantages is the speed of assembling the EcoPan house: different developers give a period from one and a half to three months with a guarantee of quality and reliability. The sizes of houses are also not limited by anything: standard 6 * 6 and 8 * 8, and any other parameters; OSB boards are made in different size, the maximum is about 7.5 * 3 m.

What about cost? Here we can also please the future owners: according to estimates, the construction of a frame-slab house Ecopan will cost 1.5-2 times cheaper than the construction of a brick or block house of the same area.

LSTK (NESST technology)

This is one of the types of frame construction based on metal structures: on the steel frame from the outside on top drywall sheets facade slabs are mounted, which can be made of any material: artificial stone (fiber-reinforced concrete), natural stone, profiled sheet, wooden bar, siding, cassettes and any other materials at the request of the customer.

Features:

After installing the LSTK frame, the inner space of the walls and voids are filled with expanded polystyrene or foam concrete high density: thanks to its fine-pored structure, it provides excellent heat and sound insulation, and also practically does not accumulate water at any level of air humidity (which, for example, cannot boast of ordinary tree, which collects up to 3 liters of water per cubic meter in winter).

Communication channels and ventilation ducts are also laid in the voids of the frame, while with output to the inside of the house. The formwork is a magnesia glass sheet: environmentally friendly and hypoallergenic, it provides additional thermal insulation and is suitable for any finish - painting, wallpapering, etc.

The roof is also assembled from galvanized steel profiles, often in combination with wooden rafters. As roofing material ceramic (soft) tiles or metal tiles can be used.

Benefits

The main advantage of NESST, which explains its virtually widespread use in office and industrial construction, is the speed of construction finished house - Perhaps this is the fastest type of construction technology. The average turnkey home life is about 5 days, almost all parts are produced according to individual drawings at the factory; no lifting equipment required.

Compared to other types of frame construction, installation from LSTC will allow you to implement almost any architectural ideas, using a single material for the entire building: add an additional floor or add a terrace, design curved and asymmetric surfaces, as well as crossbars, columns, arches and bay windows. The smooth, leveled surface of the walls will save you the extra hassle of renovation.

It should also be noted the economic benefit: in addition to the fact that you will significantly save on construction (when compared with brick houses), the expanded polystyrene concrete filler has very high thermal insulation properties, which will reduce heating costs and ensure a comfortable temperature at any time of the year. In addition, the walls made of LSTK are vapor-permeable, seismically resistant and non-combustible.

Frameless technologies

Frameless technologies are already familiar to many of us from urban multi-storey construction: due to the use of large panels, the need for additional supporting structures is eliminated, the system of walls and ceilings itself is an excellent load-bearing support. But gradually construction from concrete and gas silicate blocks is giving way to environmentally friendly technologies using plant materials - reeds and even straw. Are these houses really reliable?

Reed panels

Houses based on interlayers of reeds have been known to mankind for at least five thousand years: it is known that in Asia Minor, reed huts were erected on the basis of hollow wooden frames, cavities in which were filled with bundles of reeds - such a house retained heat for a surprisingly long time and did not damp at the same time. passing air well. Modern builders decided to adopt the technologies developed in ancient times, they tried to add reed stalks to both concrete and cement, and as a result, they developed wood-frame panels called "reed".

The structure of the panel is a "sandwich": two wood boards are laid between themselves with bundles of reeds, and the cavities are filled with rigid polyurethane foam, which combines lightness and excellent thermal insulation properties. Such a "union" of the plant base and modern materials is not afraid of either dampness or fire and is not subject to decay.

Features:

Almost the entire mass of the panel falls on the timber frame, and even so the weight of the structure is small: the mass of one square meter does not exceed 40 kilograms. Thanks to this, a lightweight foundation can also be suitable for installation, and lifting equipment is not required. Moreover, thanks to the presence timber frame as part of panels, they can independently perform a bearing function.

The speed of assembling the house will also pleasantly surprise future owners: two-storey house total area of \u200b\u200babout 100 square meters the construction team builds a maximum in a week of work.

The design can withstand earthquakes up to 9 points. When a house is destroyed, the panels retain their integrity, and due to their low weight, they are safe for human life. Unlike most technologies for the construction of prefabricated low-rise buildings, reed panels have a high level of sound absorption. All characteristics are confirmed by the State Unitary Enterprise "NII MOSSTROY".

Benefits

The combination of heat-insulating materials allows you to significantly save on heating in the cold season - compared to brick buildings, 60-70% less fuel is spent on heating; at the same time, the house steadily keeps heat when the heating is turned off (about 3-5 days), and in hot weather, on the contrary, the premises remain pleasantly cool.

Secondly, careful treatment with fire retardants and antifungal compounds, combined with the natural resistance of reeds to water and decay, makes reed panels virtually universal material, suitable for any climatic conditions and any soil: already obtained successful experience construction of houses on such a basis in the Far North. If desired, the house can be easily completed with any elements (new floor, attic, extension, etc.) or disassembled and transported to a new location.

An ordinary house with a height of one to three floors looks like an assembled wooden boards, external finishing involves painting, plastering, siding or brick cladding - in principle, the panels are compatible with any finishing materials. At a relatively low cost, manufacturers give an excellent guarantee of home service: at least 60 years; this leads to the conclusion that the "well forgotten old" can indeed be trusted.

Durisol

In Europe, the technology for the production of formwork blocks based on natural wood and stone has been known since the end of the 30s of the last century: it was developed in Holland and quickly spread in the Nordic countries. Subsequently, Durisol blocks began to be used not only as formwork, but also as an independent supporting structure that did not require additional support.

Features:

Durisol blocks production technology is as follows; Coniferous wood (pine, spruce, fir) processed into chips is mineralized and fastened with M400 Portland cement. Depending on the thickness of the block, which usually varies from 150 to 370 mm, Durisol blocks can be used for the construction of almost any building element: from external walls to interior partitions.

The assembly is carried out according to the principle of a constructor or a 3D puzzle: the blocks are connected to each other with special protrusions and grooves, sequentially along the contour of the wall from the corner - a binder solution is not required. Portland cement is poured after the blocks are assembled; as a result, the cavities are filled with heat-insulating material and "cold bridges" are eliminated.

Benefits

Here we get all the advantages of natural materials: hypoallergenic and non-toxic, a porous structure that allows air to pass through and retains heat at the same time. Additional bonuses are the properties of conifers: the resins contained in their composition prevent rotting, the development of pathogenic bacteria and mold on the surface of the stove. At the same time, processing, treatment with fire retardants and mineralization of chips practically negates the flammability of the material. The sound insulation performance is also very good: the 15 cm thick slab provides up to 98% noise absorption.

From the point of view of construction, Durisol has also proven itself excellent: firstly, special qualifications of workers are not required, and the lightness of the blocks does not require the use of lifting equipment. Work can be done at any time of the year, including in winter: the slabs can withstand up to 400 cycles of temperature changes without loss of properties (for example: the first houses built in Europe using this technology even before the war are still in excellent condition). At the same time, the material is easily cut and drilled for laying utility lines and pipes, and also allows any method of interior and exterior decoration.

And again, as in the case of the previous technologies we have described, the cost of building such a house will be at least 20-30% lower than traditional brick or log masonry; therefore we once again urge you to think - is it worth it to unconditionally follow the "grandfather's" advice?

The experiments continue!

These are far from the only possible experiments in the field of cottage construction: for example, literally in the last decade, the technology of building houses based on straw blocks, additionally reinforced with piles or wooden stakes, has spread. This technique is very similar to the reed construction described above, and thatched houses also show excellent results in terms of heat and energy saving properties. However, so far only very courageous people have decided on such options - perhaps the straw does not inspire confidence in everyone who remembers the fairy tale "Three Little Pigs".

There are also piece, extravagant solutions like a house made of beer cans or glass - however, they have not yet gained popularity. It can be assumed that in the near future we will be able to see new options for cottage construction technologies.

Construction - one of the key industries in the 21st century. In modern construction, new developments are underway to create new building materials and construction technologies in order to improve the quality of buildings and structures, their durability, construction speed, and also to lower the economic costs of materials and work. This article will present new innovative and information technologies in construction.

Innovative technologies Are means and methods designed to consistently implement an innovation. With their help, you can improve the basic properties of buildings, as well as the speed of their construction. Technology does not stand still, and scientists have already been able to implement several ideas.

1. "Flying" houses

Japan never ceases to amaze with its developments. The idea is simple - so that the house does not collapse as a result of an earthquake, it simply should not be on the ground. So they came up with flying houses, and all this is quite real. The Japanese design company Air Danshin Systems Inc has developed a system that allows buildings to rise above the ground and "hover" above it during an earthquake. The house is located on an air cushion and after the sensors are triggered, it will simply hover above the ground, and during such a change, the residents of the building will not feel anything.

The foundation is not attached to the structure itself. After hovering, the house sits on a frame located at the top of the foundation. During an earthquake, sensors are activated, which are located along the perimeter of the building. Then they will immediately start the blower compressor located at the base of the house. It will provide "levitation" of the building at a height of 3-4 cm from the ground. Thus, the house will not be in contact with the ground and will avoid the consequences of tremors. Many Japanese firms have taken over the development of Flying Houses, and in the near future the know-how will appear in other regions of Asia, which often suffer from earthquakes.

2.Technology of building domed houses without nails

Scientists of the Far East federal university create modern wooden domed houses, while, as in the good old

the times of Russian architects - without a single nail. Their uniqueness lies in the application of new designs of locks between the individual parts of the wooden spherical frame. The domed house from wooden parts is being created in record time. In just a few hours, the frame of an unusual house grows. Today, they want to test this technology in several cities of Russia. The links are joined together using a special lock, which takes all loads - vertical, lateral, and so on. Parts are made with such precision that it turns out to be a kind of designer. Anyone, having such a kit with a small assembly instruction, can mount this structure on their own.

1. Self-healing elastic concrete

The idea of \u200b\u200ba similar material was found in ordinary seashells. The fact is that the shells are enriched with the necessary complex of minerals that give them elasticity. It is these minerals that are added to the composition of concrete. The new type of concrete is incredibly elastic, crack-resistant, and even 40-50% lighter. This concrete will not break even with very strong bends. Even earthquakes are not scary to him. An extensive network of cracks after such tests will not affect its strength. After removing the load, the concrete will begin the recovery process. How does this happen? The secret is very simple. Normal rainwater reacts with concrete and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to form calcium carbonate in the concrete. This substance also binds the cracks that appear, "heals" the concrete. After removing the load, the restored section of the slab will have the same strength as before. Such concrete is going to be introduced in the construction of critical structures, for example, bridges.

For the successful organization of construction in a time of increasing competition, it is necessary to automate design and calculation work as much as possible, thereby saving time and human labor costs. Automation can be achieved by using information technologies.

The application of information technologies in construction began with the solution of design problems. Currently, these are the most complex management systems for complex projects: architectural and construction design, calculations of load-bearing structures, programs for construction management.

Architectural and construction design

Among the programs for architectural and construction design, AutoCAD dominates, surrounded by numerous applications in different areas of design. Prices and service level - for every taste and financial capacity. Among designers, the most widespread are architectural and construction design systems such as Speedikon, ArfaCAD, AutoCAD Architectural Desktop. All of these software products allow, due to the built-in tools, to largely automate the work of the designer and reduce the development time.

Structural calculations

The integrated system for analysis and design of building structures SCAD Office attracts the attention of specialists only from the CIS. 32-bit SCAD system under Windows 98 / NT is intended for strength analysis of building structures and systems, for example, load-bearing structures of an entire building, under static and dynamic influences. The permissible number of elements exceeds 65,000. A single graphical environment for the synthesis of the design model and the analysis of results provides unlimited possibilities for modeling the design diagrams of complex structures, satisfying the needs of experienced professionals.

Construction management software

The technology for managing construction organizations is so specific and complex that it can hardly be satisfactorily automated using modern versions of expensive systems such as SAP R / 3. Here, as a rule, special control systems are used. From domestic developments, one can mention the systems "Bastion" (JSC "Petrostroisystema"), "Stroyka" (IKF "Expert") and "Hector-builder" (STC "Hector")

The software complex "Bastion" is a complex system for conducting financial and economic activities of enterprises in the construction industry. The system allows you to track all financial flows of an enterprise in terms of construction objects, departments, cost items, warehouse accounting, control over the expenditure of materials.

The Stroyka software package is primarily a corporate system. The Stroyka system was based on the automation of management processes in large building associations in a centralized management model, which was reflected in the architecture and basic principles of building the system. However, the development team, to the best of their ability, tried to track the changes taking place in the country, as a result of which a multifunctional modular control system appeared, probably one of the most powerful domestic developments in this area.

Software complex "Hector-builder" is a set of interconnected software modules designed to address the main issues of preparation and production of construction work, automation of planning, including calendar planning, accounting for the actual performance of work, accounting for mutual settlements, material and technical supply of construction projects, as well as the release of estimates.

The development of building technologies, the development and application of new building materials is carried out in the following directions:

• reducing the time and increasing the profitability of construction,
• reduction of material consumption and costs during construction, operation and repair,
• increasing the durability of building structures and, in general, buildings (structures and structures),
• improvement and variety of architectural forms, space-planning and functional solutions, improvement of the physical parameters of existing and constructed facilities.
• To accomplish these tasks, all economic entities associated with construction (scientific institutions and design institutes, laboratories, enterprises for the production of building materials and construction organizations) are looking for solutions in terms of the development, production and use of new building materials, structures and technologies. Ultimately, this leads to an improvement in the technical characteristics of real estate objects, reduces operating costs during their use, and increases economic efficiency during the entire service life of the objects.

Innovation in the development of building materials and structures follows the path:

• increasing strength and durability,
• increasing resistance to aggressive environments,
• increasing moisture resistance, water resistance and waterproofness,
• increasing frost resistance,
• increasing the resistance to corrosion of metals,
• decrease in thermal conductivity,
• widespread use of local and most common minerals in the construction industry.

New materials and structures are used in the construction of all components of buildings, structures and structures:

• foundations (for example, precast reinforced concrete, monolithic reinforced concrete, piled, columnar and strip foundations, foundation slabs, etc.),
• building frames (from monolithic and prefabricated reinforced concrete, from rolled metal, using new fastening technologies),
• enclosing structures (walls and partitions),
• structures of interfloor floors and coverings (roof, roof),
• a wide range of finishing materials,
• engineering systems, equipment and communications.

Examples include:

1. Heat-efficient blocks . They are made of two layers of solid, load-bearing material with an insulation layer between them. The solid layers of the block are interconnected by rods. The front part of such a block is decorated with texture, color, ornaments. The size of the front part of such blocks is usually 400x200 and the thickness (wall width), depending on the climatic conditions of the area, is 250 - 400 mm. As a result: a wall made of such blocks has a high thermal protection, the construction time of the building is reduced, and high qualifications of a bricklayer are not required when performing masonry.

2. Gas silicate blocks. Them standard sizes: 600x300x200, 600x300x100. The blocks are manufactured in a factory and have a porous structure. They are formed from a mixture of quartz sand and lime. At a high temperature in the autoclave, voids - pores are formed in the structure of the gas silicate stone, which in the future, during the operation of such a material, excellent thermal insulation properties along with their high strength. Gas silicate blocks are used for the construction of external and internal load-bearing walls and partitions. To ensure the necessary thermal protection of the building, the outer walls are insulated with a layer of heat-insulating material, a protective and finishing layer.

3. Sandwich panels and prefabricated buildings. Sandwich panels are large-sized three-layer structures for side fencing and building covering. Panels are manufactured in unified dimensions in industrial conditions from metal, usually galvanized profiled sheets, painted polymer paint any desired color, with a heat-insulating layer between them made of high-performance thermal insulation material, for example, expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam or mineral wool... Under construction conditions, sandwich panels are mounted on a metal frame made of standardized, factory-made parts. The frame consists of steel columns, rigidly fixed in columnar reinforced concrete foundations, and metal roof trusses pivotally supported on them. To ensure the rigidity of the entire building, protection from wind and snow loads, the frame is erected using vertical and horizontal ties. All elements of such a building are manufactured in the factory, which allows you to achieve the best quality materials and structures, the highest labor productivity and high profitability in the production of all building elements.
The use of this technology of construction production can significantly reduce the construction time of buildings with high quality work. This has become a real "breakthrough" in the construction of modern trade and exhibition centers, industrial, warehouse and office buildings, sports and fitness centers and facilities, air hangars, car dealerships, car services and garages, that is, the entire range of commercial real estate. The construction of prefabricated buildings gives the investor the opportunity to commission construction projects as quickly as possible and recoup the investment. In a market niche, this gives additional competitive advantages... The durability of a pre-fabricated building is determined by the durability of metal structures and depends primarily on the degree of probability of corrosion of metal parts. To protect against corrosion, new technologies for the production and processing of metal structures are used and developed. With the high quality of component parts, high quality of production and control during the construction period, as well as subject to the rules of operation and timely maintenance, most manufacturers declare the operational service life of prefabricated buildings at least 50 years, and some call the period up to 100 years.

4. Dry mixes - these are mixtures practically ready for construction and repair, obtained in industrial conditions by mixing dry components in proportions strictly dosed to ensure the required properties. Used as components: cement, sand, gypsum, lime or other mineral fillers with the inclusion of special additives. Under construction conditions, to prepare the solution, it is necessary to mix the required amount of the mixture with water in a certain proportion and mix thoroughly. This reduces the terms of work performance, significantly improves the quality of building structures and elements, increases the durability of the building as a whole.

5. Penetrating waterproofing. Many buildings and their elements need reliable waterproofing during construction and repair. Waterproofing protection is needed for foundations, roofs, walls made of porous materials, as well as other elements located in an aggressive environment. Many previously used waterproofing materials often could not provide reliable protection due to poor quality work. Roll-up waterproofing materials are themselves waterproof, strong and durable. However, in conditions of construction (or repair), the contractor's mistakes and violations of the waterproofing technology, especially in hard-to-reach places, lead to depressurization of the insulation. Then the low-quality waterproofing layer is closed with subsequent layers of materials (screed, tiles, etc.). As a result, if leaks are detected during the operation of the building, it is most often impossible to identify the place of waterproofing violation. We have to apply new layers of waterproofing, which again does not provide full reliability for the above reasons (poor quality work, technology violations, hard to reach places). To solve this problem, a penetrating waterproofing was created. This material is produced by the industry in the form of a dry construction mixture of cement and high-aluminate clinker, polymer binders, fillers and polymer additives. For use in construction or renovation conditions, the dry mixture is thoroughly mixed with water. When the resulting solution is applied to a hard, wet and porous stone surface, chemical components under the influence of osmotic pressure penetrate deeply into the capillary structure of the surface. As a result of the interaction of chemical components with the mineral surface, insoluble and sparingly soluble salts are formed, which block all pores, ensuring waterproofness, strength and resistance to aggressive waters. Depending on the density of the surface, the depth of penetration into the internal structure can reach 10 centimeters.

6. New window technologies are already known to a wide range of consumers. Modern windows are made in an industrial environment from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or aluminum profiles with sealed one-, two- or three-chamber double-glazed windows. Double-glazed windows are several layers of high-quality glass with a thin layer between them, filled with dry air or inert gas. All connections of window blocks are made of such high quality that they provide complete protection against moisture and cold air penetration.

7. Monolithic construction . Application of modern reliable and multifunctional construction machines and equipment, equipment (concrete pumps, concrete trucks (mixers), concrete plants, inventory formwork) and modern plastic concretes allowed the construction industry to move to a new technological level - the construction of monolithic reinforced concrete buildings. Reinforced concrete frame, interfloor floors and coverings of a modern building are literally "poured" from concrete into a mold, which is pre-reinforced and fenced with inventory formwork. This provides significant advantages over previously used technologies:
Walls and ceilings built according to monolithic technology, are evenly reinforced, practically have no seams in concrete, which ensures the design strength and rigidity of the building, protection of the reinforcing metal frame elements from corrosion and an aggressive environment.
The load-bearing elements of the structures are thinner, which allows to reduce the load on the foundation and subordinate structures. As a result, this reduces general construction costs.
It became possible to design and build buildings, unique in their architecture and layout, of any shape and configuration.
The supporting frame made of monolithic reinforced concrete has significantly better strength characteristics, which makes it possible to erect high-rise buildings of 30 - 40 or more floors.
In comparison with prefabricated reinforced concrete construction, the need to seal joints and seams of reinforced concrete elements during the construction period and their regular repair during the operation of the building is eliminated.

8. Ventilated facades. 90% of existing buildings, built 30-50 years ago, have become unsightly, the facades were either not tiled at all during construction, or the plaster cracked and collapsed, and the facade paint deteriorated. In such conditions, the walls of most buildings are not protected from rain and wind, and in our climatic conditions, in conditions of significant temperature differences (heating up to +40 - + 50 ° С and frosts up to -30 - -35 ° С), there is a rapid destruction of the surfaces of the enclosing walls (brick, concrete) from narrowing and expansionthe structure of the stone during drying, waterlogging, freezing and thawing. As a result, old stone buildings built on good foundations, with good strong frames, with strong load-bearing walls and ceilings, which could serve for more than one hundred years, come into disrepair after 50 - 70 years due to the lack of protection of the enclosing walls.

Not so long ago in Russia (and in the world it has been used for about 50 years), a new technology for protecting walls of buildings - “ventilated facades” - appeared. This technology is a hinged cladding system consisting of brackets, profiled guides, fasteners and other elements and can be applied at any period of the building's existence (the earlier, the better): during the construction period, during the reconstruction period, during the renovation period.

The most important advantages of using ventilated facade technology are:

protection of external structures of buildings from external influences (humidity and temperature changes),
giving buildings a beautiful and well-groomed appearance,
creation of new architectural lines of buildings and color solutions: various options and colors of finishes (porcelain stoneware, composite, metal or other panels),
insulation of buildings and improvement of their thermal performance,
ease of assembly of pre-prepared elements.
Ventilated facades are an excellent modern technology for protecting buildings from external influences, giving the most modern look even outwardly very outdated buildings and significantly extending the service life of each building!

In addition, in conditions of the necessary energy savings, ventilated facades provide an additional air gap or provide a layer of insulation, increasing the thermal performance of buildings. As a result, the recoupment of costs for a ventilated facade is 5-6 years, and the period of maintenance-free service is 30-40 years. And most importantly, the cost of such a facade is incommensurably less than the cost of new construction instead of an emergency building!

Thus, along with the advantages of technical and aesthetic "order", ventilated facades will bring undoubted benefits to building owners:
will increase the durability of buildings and preserve the value of the owners' investment capital for many years,
will increase the operational characteristics of the building by saving heating costs and repairing the building envelope,
will give each such building an excellent "presentation", increasing the attractiveness for potential tenants and potential buyers,
and, ultimately, will significantly increase the capitalization and market value of such buildings.

When choosing a project for building a house, each owner expects to fulfill two conditions: the efficiency of assembly and the comfort of housing. That is why manufacturers offer high-quality and practical modern materials. And the latest technologies are also used. For example, smart home technology that meets all the requirements and requests of a modern user.

NEW MATERIALS AND THEIR FEATURES

Modern materials are of invaluable quality - they are able to embody any shape and format of buildings, without requiring large investments from the developer

It is worth immediately paying attention to the fact that the latest technologies in construction and high-tech materials are different concepts, although they lie in the same plane. In particular, such piece products as:

blocks of foam concrete;

gas blocks;

rounded log;

• Sandwich panels;

  SIP panels;

These are production innovations that have recently appeared on the building materials market, however, they do not determine new technological methods, but have features in terms of installation. for example

- Block products (foam, aerated concrete) have a larger format than block bricks, have increased energy consumption, low weight, variable density. Due to these indicators, the construction period is reduced, the workability is increased, and all the high indicators of strength, comfort and practicality of a private house are preserved. Another plus is that the price of materials is lower than that of a brick, and due to the low weight of the structure, the arrangement of a lightweight foundation is shown.

Rounded log is a natural material that has all the characteristics of natural wood, with high heat capacity

- Rounded log is a natural material that has all the characteristics of natural wood, has high heat capacity, but the price of the material is lower than that of glued beams, although the practical qualities remain at a high level. The developer receives a convenient piece of material of a stable shape, saving on procurement, and thereby reducing the total cost of the project.

- Panels. The product is also a piece production, ideal for a private developer. The convenience of the material is in its full readiness for installation, that is, the panels are already equipped with a heat-insulating layer, a windproof membrane and moisture protection. You just need to mount a box of walls, floors and a roof - the house is ready. In some cases, panel sections have external and internal finishing. The price of materials is much lower than any other piece products, the light weight of the elements requires a lightweight foundation, the assembly is carried out without "wet processes", lifting equipment is not always required for installation, which allows you to build a house with your own hands.

At the same time, all of these materials are of invaluable quality - they are capable of embodying any forms and formats of buildings, without requiring large investments from the developer.

NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR FEATURES

VELOX

The difference from other methods is that the formwork is made not from expanded polystyrene block elements, but from slabs of chip-cement or cement-chip type

A relatively new technology used for the construction of private houses, the principle of which is also the use of fixed formwork. The difference from other methods is that the formwork is made not from expanded polystyrene block elements, but from slabs of chip-cement or cement-chip type. The outer plate has an additional seal and insulation made of expanded polystyrene. Permanent formwork comes in different thickness options and is connected with a cement mortar with the addition of liquid glass, which gives the structure moisture-repellent properties.

The advantages are the following factors:

1. Light weight and thickness of wall panels;

2. Lack of additional insulation;

3. Efficiency of construction work;

4. Strength of the building.

Applying new technologies in the construction of private houses, one should not forget about other nuances: as a rule, all modern technologies are not designed for multi-storey buildings, therefore, an accurate and high-quality calculation of the load and filling of buildings is required. And, of course, not the last point - materials. Manufacturers offer a huge range of products that are distinguished by excellent quality indicators at a reduced cost.

The use of materials of a new order does not cancel the use of building houses using new technologies. The combination of the two indicators provides not only the efficiency of the construction of buildings, but also a significant reduction in the cost of housing construction.

TISE

Extremely popular technology, which also has the definition of "movable formwork". The process was developed by domestic scientists and, when used, does not require not only the use of special equipment, but also allows you to literally manage with just one pair of hands.

PRINCIPLE OF TISE

The method is characterized by the installation of pile elements or the arrangement of a columnar foundation, supplemented by a grillage

The method is characterized by the installation of pile elements or the arrangement of a columnar foundation, supplemented by a grillage. An obligatory tool is a drill developed for the TISE technology. Wall panels for this lightweight foundation are assembled from a block piece product formed directly on the construction site: the mobile formwork acts as a form and moves along the wall panels as soon as the module is made solidifies.

Technology advantages:

1. Complete absence of cold bridges;

2. A team of professionals is not needed, it is quite possible to do with your own hands and a couple of assistants to move the formwork and earthworks;

3. Variability of block composition, which reduces construction costs.

Advice! Most often, TISE technology uses two building materials: concrete and brick. Concrete blocks are characterized by high heat capacity, bricks for facing will give the structure strength, shape stability and additional rigidity.

FRAME CONSTRUCTION

This is one of the easiest and most convenient ways to build a private house. A variety of options for arranging the frame, a light foundation, the ability to build houses up to 2 floors, a huge number of projects and the practicality of the house are the main advantages of the technology.

FEATURES

The construction of the frame begins immediately after the installation of the foundation

The construction of the frame begins immediately after the foundation is installed. The entire structure consists of block elements, located horizontally, vertically or diagonally, articulated with each other in various ways. Used lumber, metal - it all depends on the financing and preferences of the developer.

It is only important to remember that the metal frame, although it is more durable, requires drilling tools for metal, welding - these nuances can complicate the process of erecting the frame. Good quality lumber is not inferior to metal in terms of resistance, while simplifying the assembly process. Most often, a good quality timber is used, due to which both the shown rigidity of the frame and its geometric stability are preserved.

Modern construction of frame houses allows several options for filling the walls:

1. OSB slabs act as wall panels and are filled with any available heat-insulating material, for example, mineral wool, foam concrete, expanded clay backfill, polyurethane foam.

2. Prefabricated panelboard SIP-panels, already completed with insulation, wind, hydro-protective film.

Prefabricated panelboard SIP-panels, already completed with insulation, wind, hydro-protective film

Advice! Practicing modern materials and technologies for construction, it is necessary to consider the convenient use of all elements. In particular, if you build a house with SIP panels, then in order to manage on your own, you will either have to choose lightweight elements or hire lifts, since wall panel elements are often heavy in weight. But it all depends on the preferences of the owner of the house.

Technology advantages

1. The lightness of the structure does not require the construction of heavy and powerful foundations, which means that the construction of a house is available on any soil without additional earthworks;

2. Minimum construction costs and the possibility of quick redevelopment, completion of the building;

3. Variability of external, internal cladding - panels and sheets easily accept finishing materials, so you can change the look of the house at least every season.

3D PANELS

The panels are manufactured in an industrial environment, they are a monolith of polystyrene foam plates, additionally reinforced with reinforcing mesh structures on both sides

These are, perhaps, the latest technologies in construction, which are still little known and available to developers. Despite the cheapness, availability is limited by ignorance and nothing else, because construction using 3D panels is nothing more than a modified version of the frame construction of houses.

The panels are produced in industrial conditions, they are not a kind of prefabricated panel board element, but a monolith of a polystyrene foam plate, additionally reinforced with reinforcing mesh structures on both sides. Such systems are connected to each other by metal reinforcement rods passing through the entire structure, due to which not only the stability of the shape of the panels is preserved, but also explains the high strength, resistance to any natural influences. At the same time, the extremely light weight of the structure is preserved, and the assembly does not present any difficulties.

ADVANTAGES OF TECHNOLOGY

After the installation of these panels, the entire structure is filled with a concrete "jacket", which only increases all the advantages of such a house

In the standard sense, a 3D panel structure does not have any "rigid frame", instead the builder receives a panel element that is connected with a rigid clip and thereby forms load-bearing wall panels. After the installation of these panels, the entire structure is filled with a concrete "jacket", which only increases all the advantages of such a house:

1. The polymers used to create panels have high energy efficiency, which means that heat loss in such a house will be minimal;

2. Simplicity of assembly ensures the efficiency of construction;

3. Manufacturing in an industrial environment guarantees the quality of both an individual element and the entire building as a whole;

4 There is no need to create a heavy foundation, 3D panels do not have a heavy mass even in concrete pouring.

Important! The material is much simpler than any block products in the sense that when hanging heavy cabinets you do not have to strengthen the wall with boards. At the same time, the price of 3D panels may well compete with foam and gas-block products.

NON-REMOVABLE FORMWORK

The availability and ease of implementation made this technology one of the most popular and frequently used in individual housing construction.

PRINCIPLE OF TECHNOLOGY AND ITS ADVANTAGES

The formwork is formed from block or panel structures, which form a wall, where the reinforcement is mounted and the concrete solution is poured

As in the case of TISE, the use of non-removable formwork allows you to build a house alone. Other advantages are the following factors:

1. The formwork is formed from block or panel structures, which, during the construction of the house, are located along the perimeter of the base and form a wall where the reinforcement is mounted and a concrete solution is poured, which gives the structure additional rigidity;

2. The variability of the formwork filler allows you to save a lot on building a house;

3. It is possible to build structures up to 2 floors, while the foundation remains lightweight due to the low weight of the entire building.

Advice! If you choose not only new technologies for the construction of private houses, but also the correct filling materials, in this case, for wall formwork, you will not have to worry about additional thermal insulation materials.

CONSTRUCTION FROM SIP PANELS

SIP panels are a shield material of two chipboard boards, between which heat-insulating and waterproofing material is laid

As for this technology, the most modern materials are also used here, but the very essence comes down to a subspecies of frame construction. SIP panels are a shield material made of two chipboard boards, between which a heat-insulating and waterproofing material is laid; an additional wind membrane is often present. The main advantage of such panels is their readiness for installation on site.

In addition, there are more pluses

1. Efficiency of assembly at home;

2. Light weight of the panels, which allows the use of a lightweight foundation and during construction to do on their own. Advice! Despite the seeming lightness of the panels, it is a very durable material. The built house will not only be warm, practical, but also durable. SIP panels easily withstand hurricane winds, snowfalls and other environmental influences. At the same time, the material is easily assembled, bonded and, most importantly, the production of panels is possible only in industrial conditions, which, with a good selection of a supplier, guarantees excellent quality of piece elements.