How to insulate a silicate brick house? Insulation of a brick house outside: modern methods and materials How to insulate a white brick house outside

Is one of the most popular building materials... Its advantages include high strength, excellent sound insulation characteristics and affordable cost.

However, it also has negative features that should be taken into account, especially when building residential buildings.

1. This building material perfectly absorbs water, which increases the humidity of the premises.
2. Not a very pleasant factor is its low frost resistance. At low temperatures, the structure of the product is destroyed, especially if the material is saturated with water
3. Another negative characteristic is high thermal conductivity. This means that in winter the walls allow the heat to escape freely, and in summer, on the contrary, it helps to heat the air in the rooms.

However, all three problems can be solved in one fell swoop - just properly insulate the walls of the house from sand-lime brick.

A well-thought-out construction plan will help to save money when building a private residential building. The structure will be much warmer if two layers are created during the construction of the walls - an inner and an outer one. A small gap is left between them, one or half a brick wide, which is filled with expanded clay or foam concrete. This helps to make the building warmer, and a thick layer of decorative plaster, the so-called fur coat, will help protect the material from moisture and frostbite.

Thermal insulation of walls of a house made of silicate bricks

The technology described above allows you to significantly save during construction and provide future residents with comfortable living conditions. But what about those who have bought an already rebuilt house or apartment in a high-rise building made of silicate bricks? There is only one answer - to create an outer heat-insulating layer as soon as possible, otherwise it will be cold inside, and the walls will soon be covered with mold due to high humidity. But how to insulate the walls of silicate bricks - each owner must decide for himself.

Each material has its own disadvantages and advantages. In addition, the cost of creating an insulating layer can vary significantly depending on the technology. For example, in our country, special thermal plaster is practically not popular. The reason is trivial - to apply it, you need a special technique, which is available only in some companies. For its use, they require a lot of money, which turns the installation of fairly cheap material into an expensive pleasure.

How to insulate a silicate brick house outside

Setting aside exotic solutions and inaccessible technologies, it is worth considering the two simplest insulation materials:

• Styrofoam sheets are a cheap option for tall buildings of several floors;
• Mineral wool is the ideal way to create optimal living conditions in a private home.

Both materials are very popular among the citizens of Ukraine, as they have an affordable cost, and their effectiveness has been confirmed practical use... What is their difference?

Insulation of a house made of silicate bricks from the outside with foam sheets is especially common in high-rise buildings. Simple enough and affordable way allows you to quickly produce necessary work... Usually, it takes no more than two days to fix, reinforce, plaster and paint the outside of the walls of a three-room apartment. As a result, the dew point is transferred outside and moisture in the rooms is significantly reduced. Also, the economic effect in the form of heat preservation is observed the very next day after the creation of the heat-insulating layer.

Detached house made of sand-lime bricks with insulation - from mineral wool will have its own microclimate. It will be comfortable to be in the room at any time, thanks to the microcirculation of air and the excellent thermal insulation qualities of the insulation. The technology of fastening mineral wool is somewhat laborious and requires the creation of a special frame that will hold the lightweight material in place. In addition to the practical effect, this method also gives the opportunity original design buildings outside on top of the protective layer.

In private construction, brick is still very popular for the construction of walls. Houses built of bricks can be found almost everywhere. But, despite its excellent performance, such a house requires insulation. Warming issue brick house it is especially acute today, when the cost of energy carriers is quite high and it is necessary to save every kilowatt of energy. The way out in this situation is to create reliable thermal insulation of the house, which can reduce heat loss to a minimum. All work on arranging thermal insulation can be done on your own, especially since there is nothing difficult in how to insulate a brick house.

The specifics of the insulation of a brick house

When planning to insulate a brick house, it must be remembered that insulating a house is a whole complex of works aimed at reducing heat loss through the roof, walls, floor and foundation. And in order to answer the question of how to properly insulate a brick house, you will first have to find out from which brick and what kind of masonry the house was built, consider the types of insulation for a brick house and decide on the materials for its insulation.

Features of brick walls

Unlike concrete or wooden walls, brick walls have a row characteristic features... Firstly, the walls can be solid or hollow bricks. Thermal conductivity depends on it brick wall, the indicator of which is in the middle between the tree 0.2 W / (m · K) and concrete 1.5 W / (m · K) and is 0.4 W / (m · K). Secondly, the masonry can be solid and with an air pocket (well masonry). Depending on what type of brick is used and what kind of masonry is made, the thickness of the walls changes, and with this the operational characteristics and the required thickness of the insulating layer.

Important! Above are the average values \u200b\u200bof thermal conductivity. Depending on the type of wood and the materials used for the production of bricks and concrete, thermal conductivity indicators may fluctuate in one direction or another. So concrete with the addition of expanded clay has a thermal conductivity of 0.66 W / (m K), solid silicate brick 0.7 W / (m K), and pine 0.09 W / (m K). Therefore, before proceeding with the insulation of the walls of the house, it is important to know what they are made of and how thick they are.

Regarding the masonry method, it should be noted that with continuous masonry, the insulation is placed over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe wall from one or both sides. In this case, the thickness of the layer directly depends on the thickness of the wall: the thicker the wall, the less layer will be required. In the case of well masonry, the insulation is placed inside the wall, between the bricks. This approach is also called in-wall insulation. It can provide additional thermal insulation by air gap between the outer and inner walls, and when using heat-insulating material, it can reduce heat loss by half.

Insulation types

In total, there are three types of insulation: external, internal, in-wall. External insulation is the most popular and involves the placement of insulation outside the building. This approach will provide additional protection for the walls from various kinds of natural phenomena. Unfortunately, external insulation of a brick house has its drawbacks - this is the seasonality of work and the rather high cost of materials. Internal insulation of a house, in addition to insulation of walls, provides for insulation of interfloor ceilings, floor, attic and roof. Internal insulation can be carried out almost at any time of the year. The third type is in-wall insulation, it can be performed only at the stage of wall construction. Therefore, those who have purchased an already built house will not be able to perform this type of insulation.

Characteristics of thermal insulation materials

It is necessary to choose materials for insulating a brick house with special care, paying attention to their characteristics. There are several reasons for this. First, some thermal insulation materials can only be used for interior decorationsome are for outdoor use only. Secondly, the total weight and thickness of the insulation layer will depend on the density of the material and its coefficient of thermal conductivity. Thirdly, its durability and ability to maintain its performance depend on the resistance of the material to various kinds of negative influences. Fourth, the more natural the material, the better. Below are the main characteristics with their brief descriptionthat you should pay special attention to.

• Coefficient of thermal conductivity... The lower this indicator, the less the thickness of the thermal insulation layer will be.
• Water absorption coefficient... As in the case of thermal conductivity, the lower this indicator, the better. The water absorption of a material indicates its resistance to moisture absorption.
• Density... In fact, this indicator reflects the mass of thermal insulation. The higher it is, the heavier the material.
• Flammability class. There are four flammability classes in total. Materials of class G1 stop burning without a fire source, so their use is more preferable in construction.
• Durability of the material... With this indicator, everything is simple. It indicates how long this material will last without losing its performance.
• Steam flow capacity... The ability of the material to "breathe", passing humid air through itself, will be very useful for the internal insulation of premises, which will only increase comfortable accommodation in home.
• Soundproofing ability... Some heat-insulating materials also have excellent sound-insulating properties, which can significantly save on special sound-insulating materials.
• Sustainability... This indicator indicates only the naturalness of the materials and will be useful for those who seek to make their home as safe as possible for living in it.
• Complexity of installation... This indicator only affects the speed and ease of installation, which will be especially useful for beginners in the construction business.

In modern construction, do-it-yourself insulation of a brick house is carried out with various materials. Below are the usual man-made materials and the increasingly popular natural materials:

• Mineral wool... Perhaps the most commonly used thermal insulation. Its thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.041-0.044 W / (m.K) and density from 20 kg / m3 to 200 kg / m3. Among the shortcomings, it should be noted high moisture absorption. More suitable for internal insulation.
• Expanded polystyrene (foam)... The second most popular material for insulation. Thermal conductivity coefficient 0.033 - 0.037 W / (m.K), density 11 to 35 kg / m3. This material practically does not absorb moisture, but at the same time its vapor transmission capacity is practically zero. In addition, it is fragile, flammable, and releases toxic substances when burned. Can be used both inside and outside the building.
• Extruded polystyrene foam... Thermal conductivity coefficient 0.028 - 0.032 W / (m.K), density from 25 to 38 kg / m3. Unlike regular foam, extruded polystyrene foam is more durable, but otherwise they are almost identical. Suitable for external and internal work.
• Expanded clay... The thermal conductivity coefficient is from 0.10 to 0.18 W / (m.K), the density is 200 - 800 kg / m3. Quite a narrow range of applications. It is mainly added to concrete for foundations or for the construction of a monolithic frame of a house. It can also be used for wall insulation.
• "Warm" plaster... The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.065 W / (m.K), the density is 200 - 340 kg / m3. The advantages of this material are quite a few - they are sound insulation, vapor permeability, low water permeability, non-flammability, etc. But there are two significant drawbacks. The first - the maximum layer of such plaster should not exceed 50 mm, the second - a large weight, which entails the need for a reinforced foundation. But in general, it is an excellent insulation for both external and internal work.
• Cork heaters... The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.045 - 0.06 W / (m.K), the density is 240 - 250 kg / m3. This natural material is perfect for internal insulation due to its performance. The only serious drawback is the high degree of flammability. Best used for internal insulation.
• Ecowool or cellulose wool... The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.032 - 0.038 W / (m.K), the density is 30 - 75 kg / m3. The ecowool obtained as a result of cellulose processing perfectly absorbs moisture and does not tolerate mechanical stress. Used only for internal insulation. Usually it is used to insulate attics.

When starting to insulate an already built brick house, first of all it is necessary to do small project, indicating in it all areas requiring insulation with the materials used and their quantity. It should be remembered that for internal and external work, various materials... If the house is under construction, then all the necessary calculations are indicated in the project documentation and all that remains is to purchase everything you need and start work.

As noted earlier, this type of insulation can only be carried out at the stage of wall construction. To do this, you need to do the following:

1. first, we lay the outer wall, where every 5 rows of bricks we insert a metal pin made of wire with a diameter of 5 mm into the seam. We select the length of the pin in such a way as to drown it by 2 - 3 cm and the remaining part of the wire should be 2 - 3 cm more than the thickness of the used heat-insulating material;
2. as soon as the external wall with a height of 1 - 1.5 m was erected, we begin to install the thermal insulation in place, resting the materials on the pins;
3. in the end, we lay the inner wall, after which we again raise the outer one. And so on to the very top.

The method described above is suitable for materials produced by mats or boards, such as foam, mineral wool or extruded polystyrene foam. You can also use expanded clay. To do this, you will have to erect both walls at once to a height of 1 - 1.5 m, leaving a gap of 10 - 15 cm between them and tying together with metal pins in the seams of the masonry. Then we fall asleep inside expanded clay and continue the construction of the walls. For this method of insulation, you should choose expanded clay of a large fraction. Since it has a lower density and therefore its overall weight will be less.

Important! You can not be limited only to the wall insulation of a brick house. The walls of such a house can be additionally insulated from the outside.

Insulation of a brick house outside

External insulation of a brick house consists in the insulation of the walls, basement and outer walls of the foundation. The technology of insulating a brick house from the outside consists in cleaning the walls of the building from construction debris and dirt for further fixing a multilayer insulating cake or arrangement over bare walls hinged structure with thermal insulation placed inside. From materials you can use polystyrene, extruded polystyrene foam, "warm" plaster. In this case, one simple rule must be observed - the sequence of arrangement of materials for insulating the walls of a brick house from the outside should be such that the vapor permeability of each next layer increases towards the outer edge.

To insulate the walls of a brick house from the outside with foam or extruded polystyrene foam, you need to do the following. Perform basic plastering on the walls to level out major irregularities, then clean the surface of the dirt and prime it. Then, in one of two ways, either with glue or with the help of front “umbrella” dowels, we fix the sheets of thermal insulation to the wall.

If you chose the first method, then you need to apply glue to the surface of the sheet and press it tightly against the wall. We carry out the work from the bottom up, placing the sheets gradually row by row. In this case, each next row is shifted relative to the previous one, placing the sheets in a checkerboard pattern. In such a simple way, the stability of the entire structure is achieved. When fastening with front dowels, we perform the same operations, with the difference that glue is applied to the surface of the sheet in small portions pointwise. Then, after gluing, in the wall through the sheet we drill a hole into which we insert the dowel. We reinforce the resulting surface with a special mesh, plaster and perform finishing paint or decorative plaster.

Video: insulation of a brick house outside with foam

Another popular way of exterior wall insulation is to create ventilated facade... The works on creation are as follows. The first thing to do is to place a vapor barrier layer on the wall surface, then create and fasten to the wall with metal or wooden frame... After that, we place a heat-insulating material between the frame slats, on top of which we lay a layer of waterproofing. Basalt or mineral wool is most often used for a ventilated facade. We fix heat and waterproofing materials to the wall using the already familiar front dowels with a wide head. At the end, we install the outer cladding made of siding, porcelain stoneware or other material.

The simplest and most widely available option for outdoor insulation is to use "Warm" plasters... The work consists in cleaning the walls from dirt, after which their surface is impregnated with a primer. Next, a plaster mesh and beacons are fixed on the wall, on which "warm" plaster will be applied. After the plastered walls have dried, they can be finished with decorative bark beetle plaster, clinker tiles, decorative facade bricks, or simply painted.

Insulation of the foundation and basement of a brick house is carried out by analogy with walls, with the only difference that it is not customary to create a ventilated facade for the foundation or basement. Most often, insulation is performed with polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, clinker tiles or "warm" plaster.

Insulation of a brick house from the inside

Heat loss through external walls is only a fraction of the total heat loss. Most of the heat escapes through the roof and floor of a brick house. Of course, for more reliable heat retention, you can insulate the walls from the inside, and this requires very little effort. Consider the internal insulation of a brick house as it is built, from the floor to the roof.

Floor insulation in a brick house

The floors in a brick house are best insulated during the construction phase. It is also possible to make insulation in an already built house, but this is associated with increased labor costs. This is due to the need to disassemble and repair an existing wooden or concrete floor. Insulation of floors is carried out using foam, extruded polystyrene foam, mineral and basalt wool or expanded clay. Separately, the "warm floor" system should be highlighted, which, in combination with conventional heaters, will allow you to keep warm and provide additional heating at home.

During the construction of a new house, the insulation of wooden floors is carried out as follows:

• having created a structure from logs and a subfloor made of waterproof plywood, we put a layer of waterproofing on top of them. Between themselves edges waterproofing material we overlap, and the edges along the perimeter are brought up with an overlap of 10 - 15 cm;
• then we put insulation in the space between the lags. On top of the insulation, if desired, you can lay a layer of vapor barrier;
• the next will be the subfloor made of planks, on top of which the final floor and floor covering are laid.

If the house has two or more floors, then the insulation of the floors of the upper floors will also be the insulation of the ceiling in a brick house. In fact, you will have to create a wooden floor on the second floor on logs with insulation inside.

The creation of thermal insulation in an already built brick house begins with dismantling and repairing the wooden floor. After that, if necessary, excavation of excess soil is performed, backfilling of a new substrate from sand, gravel and their compaction. Finally, a lag construction and insulation are assembled according to the above scheme.

If a wooden floor can still be disassembled with minimal effort, then a concrete floor will require tremendous effort and a lot of time to remove the old screed. Therefore, it is extremely important to carry out insulation of concrete floors at the stage of building a house. The works themselves are as follows:

• after creating and compacting the cushions of sand and gravel on the ground, we perform a rough screed, lay a layer of waterproofing on top;

Important! To reduce the coefficient of thermal conductivity of concrete, expanded clay should be added to it. Such concrete will have a thermal conductivity of 0.66 W / (m · K), and not the usual 1.5 W / (m · K).

• then we lay the thermal insulation. For concrete floors, foam and extruded polystyrene foam are used. In addition to these materials, others can be stacked. The main thing is to choose the material with the greatest strength and density over 160 kg / m3;
• on top of this multi-layer cake a layer of vapor barrier is laid and a fine screed is poured, after which the final floor covering is laid.

Wall insulation from inside a brick house

In most cases, wall insulation inside a brick house is not performed due to the presence of external thermal insulation. But sometimes internal insulation is still necessary. Especially when insufficient wall thickness or the maximum layer of thermal insulation on the outside is not enough to retain heat. For insulation of brick walls from the inside, mineral and stone wool, polystyrene, extruded polystyrene foam, cork or "warm" plaster.

Internal insulation of the walls of a brick house is as follows:

• clean the walls from dirt and saturate them with a primer;
• using wooden beams or metallic profile, equip the frame and fix it to the wall. Frame racks are placed in 40 cm or 60 cm steps;
• if necessary, cutting off the thermal insulation to the width of the opening between the posts, we put it inside the resulting structure;
• from above we sheathe with plasterboard, plaster and apply the finishing.

Important! Internal insulation of a brick house with foam or extruded polystyrene foam is highly undesirable due to the toxicity and flammability of these materials.

Insulation of the attic and roof of a brick house

In the question of how best to insulate a brick house, it is impossible to bypass such parts of the house as the roof and attic. After all, it is through them that up to 40% of the total heat losses can evaporate. This is due to the simple laws of physics, according to which warm air is lighter than cold air and therefore all the heat goes up. Therefore, in order to keep warm in a brick house, it is so important to insulate the roof and attic.

To insulate the attic, you must do the following:

• if you use floor beams as logs, you can build the already familiar structure of a wooden floor with insulation, but with minor changes;
• cover the beams themselves and the space between them with a vapor barrier;
• then the space between the beams is filled with ecowool, mineral wool or basalt wool;
• on top, for ease of movement in the attic, we lay a rough floor of rough boards.

Important! To maintain the operational properties of the attic and roof insulation, it is necessary to equip high-quality ventilation of the under-roof space.

House roof insulation is performed as follows:

• over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe structure, we lay between the rafters and fix the vapor barrier. We overlap the edges of the material and glue it with adhesive tape;
• in the space between the rafters we put the heat-insulating material. It can be polystyrene, extruded polystyrene foam, mineral or basalt wool, as well as any other insulation with low thermal conductivity and low density;
• on top of the flooring we lay another layer of vapor barrier and to maintain the insulation in place, we fasten the crate in increments of 0.4 - 0.5 m.

Despite the large amount of work to create thermal insulation for a brick house, everything is quite simple. Anyone who knows how to use the tool and has minimal experience can carry out insulation construction works... In order for everything to be done correctly, it is necessary to adhere to SNiPs and the recommendations of specialists.

We'll cover some of them in this article.

The wall that , will cool down several times slower. The undoubted advantages are:

• Heat losses are minimal;
• The dew point is located either in the insulation itself, or at the edge outer wall (it all depends on the parameters);
• Condensation will never form on the wall;
• The wall warms up completely, no significant temperature jumps.

Differences in insulation

walls are not considered so popular, all due to a number of significant disadvantages:

• Heat is lost by 10%.
• Dew point location... It is located in the space between the inner part of the wall and the insulation or in the insulation itself. This causes the accumulation of condensate, after a while dampness appears in the room.
• The wall does not retain or accumulate heat.

Despite a number of drawbacks, internal insulation is characterized by positive qualities:

• Work can be carried out at any time of the year, regardless of weather conditions.
• Warming is easy to carry out on your own, for this you need to own only basic knowledge and the necessary materials.

The main types of insulation and their brief description

Organic heat insulators on the market are represented by a wide assortment of goods.

They are based on materials of natural origin:

1. Arbolite insulation considered the latest material, which is based on sawdust, shavings, uncut straw and reeds. Also, the insulation is made of cement and organic additives. These are CaCl2, H2SO4, as well as the product obtained after processing ordinary clay, kaolin or nepheline, and Na2O.
2. Polyvinyl chloride foam insulation... It contains polyvinyl chloride resin, which, after exposure to light or electromagnetic waves, acquires a characteristic foam structure. At the same time, it is considered a universal heat insulator.
3. Chipboard insulation... Components - shavings, resin obtained as a result of controlled chemical processes, antiseptics, fire retardant.
4. Insulation with a fiberboard base... It resembles chipboard in its own way. The basis is wood waste, or cut corn and straw stalks. The material may well also consist of compressed old paper.
5. Polyurethane foam is based on polyester, it includes H2O, an emulsifier and isocyanates. When catalysts begin to act, all elements interact under the consequence of a chemical reaction, in which there is the new kind insulation.

Inorganic heat insulators

Mineral wool is of two types: slag, and also stone... To produce the first companies use slags. Stone wool is distinguished by: CaCO3, rocks that are used for paving streets, minerals containing calcium and magnesia, volcanic rocks and others.

External insulation of brick walls - how to choose the optimal thermal insulation?

Minvata

This concept includes the following varieties:

• glass wool, as well as stone wool;

• slag wool.

All these materials are characterized by corresponding fibers, based on glass, rocks, slags.

Average indicators:

• heat conductivity - 0.041-0.044 W / (mK);
• impermeability - 20-200 kg / m3.

Before deciding whether to insulate a brick facade with this material, it must be borne in mind that it is prone to excessive absorption of moisture. Therefore, it is additionally treated with special chemical materials.

Mineral wool

Styrofoam

Oversized material, which due to its characteristics and affordable price has become the most popular material for thermal insulation. In the building market, you can always find a copy, the average indicators of which are:

• heat conductivity - 0.033-0.037 W / (mK);
• impermeability - 11-35 kg / m3.

The foam is practically free from moisture, plus it is vapor-proof. In addition, the material is quite fragile, easily flammable, and emits many dangerous chemical elements during smoldering. This material has many disadvantages, but as an economy option it is ideal.

Styrofoam

Extruded polystyrene foam

In its characteristics, the material resembles the foam described above, only there is one difference - only the latest developments are used in its manufacture.

Average indicators:

• heat conductivity - 0.028-0.032 W / (mK);
• impermeability - 25-38 kg / m3.

It is often used for outdoor insulation, it is quite strong and retains heat well. Naturally, its cost is several times higher than that of the two options considered above.

Warm plaster

It stands out for sound insulation, vapor permeability.

Characteristics:

• heat conductivity - 0.065 W / (mK);
• impermeability - 200-340 kg / m3.

This is an ideal insulation for cladding the outer wall of a brick house, but it requires special conditions due to its characteristics:

• a layer of plaster not more than 50 mm;
• the foundation must be additionally reinforced.

Plaster

Thermal panels

This material stands out for both thermal insulation and the ability to clad the surface of walls.

Characteristics:

• heat conductivity - 0.025 W / (mK);
• impermeability - 45-55 kg / m3.

NOTE!

Today on the market you can find panels that are produced as imitation of siding or lining. Cover them with special quartz dressing.

Thermal panels

Wall cake - what are the elements of a brick wall

1. Plaster - from 10 to 35 mm, depending on the chosen version of the brick wall cake;
2. Hollow or solid brick;
3. Polyfoam PSB 25 (from 70 to 120 mm);
4. Steel lathing;
5. Vapor and windproof multifunctional membrane.
6. Plaster or mortar known;
7. External finishing - facing brick or decorative plaster.

Wall cake

A few words about waterproofing and vapor barrier

At the stage of thermal insulation of the wall, it is necessary to pay special attention to the vapor barrier, otherwise the insulation material will become unusable after a while. Polyethylene is a classic material for vapor barrier.

When installing, it must be handled with utmost care, do not pull too much, otherwise the film may deform, especially during seasonal change climatic conditions.

Waterproofing

A commonly used vapor barrier material is considered to be mastics specially created for these purposes. When applied to a wall, they will allow air to pass through while retaining moisture. Waterproofing protects various building structures from moisture penetration. It is easy to apply, does not require special qualifications from workers, and, moreover, does not form seams.

For brick walls, instead of vapor barrier, plaster is very often used, which in the case of mineral wool is not very true, because the insulation will begin to damp.

Vapor barrier and waterproofing

Sealing gaps and preparing the lathing

It is better to replace damaged walls or carry out overhaul. The gaps in the joints are sealed with natural materials or synthetic stone sealants.

Before insulating the wall, you need to take care of the preparation of the crate. The distance between its bars should be determined based on the width of the insulation plate... It is important using a building level to check the vertical and horizontal surface for finishing. The battens should be directed perpendicular to the direction of the cladding panel.

Brick wall lathing

Do not forget about the installation of the transverse lathing to ensure high-quality ventilation.

For the convenience of installing intermediate elements of the lathing, a rope is pulled from the corner bar from the bottom and top of the facade. Some mark up future elements with chalk.

Insulation of a brick wall from the outside using the example of mineral wool

1. From the outside, the brick base must be sheathed with OSB plates., between them you need to keep the gaps, the size of which is indicated by the manufacturer. Once installed, the gaps are earned with foam.
2. Then, from the outside, a waterproofing membrane is stretched, which protects the mineral wool from moisture., on top of which all exterior decoration will be carried out. Many companies produce waterproofing materials with stripes on which connecting elements are applied for a tighter joint. If there are no such strips, the joints should be glued with double-sided tape.
3. Then the sheets with mineral wool are tightly mounted... Material is often used whose density starts from 35-50kg / m3. Material with a lower density will certainly settle or roll off, which will cause the cold to pass through the voids formed.
4. Mineral wool slabs are mounted so that the past connections of the mines are covered. 150-200 mm. The overall thickness of the insulation is based on the climate and temperature indicators, but the average is 150 mm.
5. After laying the sealant into the walls, all the voids that appear are filled with foil for installation.

Mineral wool insulation

Insulation for siding

Thermal insulation with expanded polystyrene and polyurethane foam - basic principles

Today, many builders insulate the facade with extruded polystyrene foam. Plates are laid taking into account the degree of horizontal position. The sag will ideally cope with the task. When installing the slab, it is imperative to pay attention to maintaining the uniformity of the profile strip, for this a building level is used.

Joining of slabs is carried out according to the principle of brickwork, in other words, you need to mount half of the slab through each row. The slots are sealed with liquid polystyrene and foam pieces, while it is better not to use polyurethane foam... If the slabs are poorly joined, this can be easily corrected with a float.

Foam plates are attached with glue, but do not forget about special dowels with hats. Otherwise, due to strong gusts of wind, the plates will break off.

As for polyurethane foam, it is a new generation material that:

• Non-toxic and environmentally friendly;
• Does not lose its characteristics for a long time and serves for more than half a century;
• Freezes in a short period of time, thanks to which the installation time is significantly reduced;
• Heaters based on Polyurethane are completely safe for health. After solidification, this material becomes environmentally friendly;
• Thermal insulation with polyurethane foam is characterized by the lowest possible flammability when compared with other types of insulation;
• Polyurethane foam is not able to pass and absorb moisture. Thanks to the excellent thermal insulation, the owners of the house are spared the problems associated with the formation of condensation, mold and mildew.

Thermal insulation with expanded polystyrene

PPU thermal insulation

Insulating a brick house from the outside has a number of advantages. The main thing is to choose correct material and use it rationally, taking into account all the subtleties.

Useful video

How to insulate a brick wall with your own hands:

In contact with

Reliable thermal insulation helps to reduce heat loss and create comfortable conditions in a brick building. Thermal insulation of a silicate brick house is necessary and is due to the instability of the material to moisture. Additional thermal insulation corrects this disadvantage. Insulation is chosen depending on the type of brick and type of masonry.

What is insulated with?

Moisture absorption and moisture permeability of structures in silicate brick buildings are eliminated by insulating them. In addition, thermal insulation keeps the house warm in winter and cool in summer. Wall insulation depends on them. Insulation is carried out in two types:

• from the inside;
• outside.

Internal insulation of structures in houses made of silicate bricks is rarely done, since the dew point shifts inward, which contributes to the formation of condensation on the walls and requires installation effective system ventilation. In addition, you will need to insulate the slopes, floor and ceiling. Insulation can be basalt slabs made of fiber and foam glass.

To insulate the walls from the inside, only environmentally friendly materials with a low flammability are used in order to avoid the release of harmful substances into the room.

Snaryuzhi the house can be insulated with foam.

Outside, silicate brick is insulated using the following materials:

• mineral wool;
• styrofoam;
• polyurethane;
• expanded polystyrene.

Material calculation

To effectively insulate the house and avoid moving the dew point inward, you need a correct calculation of the thickness of the insulation. The thickness of the material depends on its thermal resistance. The average indicator of this value for walls in private and multi-storey buildings should be at least 3.5. The layer of material for insulation will be the thicker, the lower the thermal resistance of the wall. The calculation is performed according to the formula: R \u003d d / k, where d is the thickness of the material, k is the thermal conductivity coefficient. Indicators k are constant and are shown in the table.

For polyurethane foam, you need to calculate the thickness of the insulation.

For example, calculate the thickness of the polyurethane foam layer for insulating a structure made of silicate bricks with a thickness of 0.5 m. First, determine the thermal resistance of the wall: R \u003d 0.5 / 0.7 \u003d 0.71. Calculate this indicator for polyurethane foam: R (p) \u003d 3.5-0.71 \u003d 2.79. The insulation layer is found by the formula: d \u003d R (p) x k \u003d 2.79 × 0.02 \u003d 0.0558 m. Thus, the polyurethane foam layer must be at least 55 mm.

Brick is durable and non-combustible material, it can withstand high loads and is used in the construction of buildings of various storeys. The main disadvantage of such a house is the high thermal conductivity of the walls. The problem can be solved by increasing the thickness of the brickwork or by insulating the building from the outside.

Insulation of brick walls is divided into three types: external, internal and intra-wall. The latter option involves the construction of a building with well masonry and the placement of a heat insulator at the construction stage.

Internal insulation takes away the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe premises, it provokes dampness of the walls and is not effective enough. Its advantage is the ability to complete the work at any convenient time and the low cost of materials. If you have a choice, you should give preference to external thermal insulation.

Among its advantages:

• The walls are protected from external influences, so they will last a long time.
• Significant reduction in heating costs.
• The ability to create the architectural design of the house to your liking.
• Lack of moisture, mold and mildew on the surface of the walls.

The main characteristics of thermal insulation materials

For the protection of brick walls to be reliable and durable, the materials used must have characteristics that allow them to withstand precipitation, wind, frost and heat.

• Water absorption coefficient is a product characteristic that shows how much moisture it can absorb. It is better to choose a material with a low rate.
• The thermal conductivity coefficient is the main criterion in the study of insulation. It shows the amount of heated air lost per hour per square meter. m of material having a thickness of 1 m. This indicator is guided by when choosing the thickness of the insulation layer. The best products for this criterion are foam and mineral wool.
• Flammability - determines how dangerous the material is in a fire. Products are divided into four cash desks according to this characteristic, it is better to give preference to G1, which go out without open fire. Expanded polystyrene plates are susceptible to fire, when using them for cladding, choose with the marking "C", meaning self-extinguishing.
• Density determines the amount of additional weight per structure - the lower the indicator, the lighter the material.
• The sound insulation level indicates the possibilities of reducing the penetrating noise. All popular heat insulators possess this quality to a sufficient extent.
• Environmental friendliness - the criterion determines the safety of the insulation for health. For exterior decoration it is not critical, but natural materials are preferred over synthetic ones.
• The complexity of installation - if the work is done by hand, you must choose a simple and understandable technology for laying thermal insulation.

The list of popular materials for cladding a house outside includes a few products:

• styrofoam;
• extruded polystyrene foam;
• mineral wool;
• warm plaster.

They have a different composition, cost and installation features. Let's consider each material in detail.

Polyfoam - plates made of expanded polystyrene, which are cells with gas. This structure provides a low thermal conductivity of 0.032-0.039, good sound insulation and light weight. The density of the foam is 35-50 kg / m3, the recommended layer thickness is 10 cm. The material is capable of absorbing moisture, therefore it requires waterproofing. The downside of the insulation is flammability, vapor permeability and sensitivity to light.

Extruded polystyrene foam - the product has the properties of foam, but in an improved version. The material does not absorb water, it is more durable and easy to process, its thermal conductivity is 0.028-0.032. The cost of extruded polystyrene foam boards is higher than other materials for thermal insulation.

Mineral wool is one of the best insulation materials, it does not burn, it is safe, and has a low density - 35-125 kg / m3. The raw materials for the material are glass, stone and slag. Air voids of 10-15 cm remain between the fibers, due to which the mineral wool has a thermal conductivity of 0.04-0.045, absorbs noise well and passes steam. For effective protection a layer of 10-15 cm is needed.

The product is produced in the form of rolls, mats and slabs. Basalt wool in the slab version is characterized by resistance to deformation and increased density - 75-150 kg / m3. the material fits easily into the frame and does not cause problems during installation. The only drawback of mineral wool is its high water absorption, which requires mandatory waterproofing. Insulation is affordable, which contributes to its popularity.

Warm plaster is a dry mixture of cement, lime, plasticizers and additives from expanded polystyrene granules, expanded clay, perlite. The material is somewhat inferior in terms of thermal insulation - 0.06-0.065, but it has many advantages: it does not burn, has vapor permeability, is resistant to moisture and microorganisms, and insulates sound well. Plaster has a significant density of 200-350 kg / m3, so it puts additional stress on the foundation. The maximum insulation thickness is 5 cm.

Talking about how to insulate a brick house from the outside, one should not miss the opportunity to finish with thermal panels. This material is characterized by a low thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.025 with a small thickness of 60-100 mm. The basis of the product is polyurethane foam, the decorative part is made of ceramic tiles... The material is resistant to frost and moisture, quickly installed and does not require additional finishing.

Mineral wool thermal insulation technology

Insulation of a brick house is performed in two ways:

• creation of a ventilated facade;
• « wet facade», Gluing boards to walls.

Mineral wool is optimal for the first method, which involves the creation of a crate and a multi-layer cake with steam and waterproofing.

1. A crate made of timber treated with an antiseptic composition or a metal profile is stuffed onto the surface of the walls. The guides are placed with a step less than the width of the insulation by 2 cm. This will allow the material to be laid more tightly.
2. Mineral wool is placed between the bars and covered with a waterproofing sheet.
3. The film is attached to the crate with a stapler.
4. Thin slats are stuffed on top of the moisture protection, which will provide an air gap between the insulation and the cladding.
5. Siding is attached to the slats.

Basalt wool slabs are strong enough to be mounted without a frame. Correct styling insulation begins by screwing the bottom of a horizontal metal profile, which will keep the material from slipping. Plates are fixed with special glue and dowels with a wide head. Each row starts with an offset. After finishing all facade surfaces, a mesh is laid on the mineral wool and a layer of plaster is applied.

House insulation with polystyrene foam according to the "wet facade" principle

Panels of foam or extruded polystyrene foam are fixed to the wall using a simple technique called "wet façade" due to the presence of processes requiring drying.

1. Preparation of a brick wall is in progress: cleaning from dirt, elimination of defects, priming.
2. A metal profile is attached at the basement level, which will become a beacon when laying the first row and a drip for moisture.
   Glue is dotted on the insulation plates, and they are pressed against the wall.
3. Additional fastening with dowels is carried out - in the corners and in the center.
4. Work starts from the bottom of the corner, the rows are stacked with an offset for the stability of the structure.
5. On top of the finished insulation, a plastic mesh is laid for reinforcement and a thin base layer of plaster is applied.
6. After the mortar has dried, priming and finishing with decorative plaster are performed.

How to apply warm plaster to the walls?

Working with insulating plaster will take time, especially in the absence of painting skills. To properly prepare the solution, the mixture is diluted according to the instructions.

1. Brick walls are cleaned, protruding parts are removed. The surface is primed with a penetrating compound.
2. Plaster mesh and beacons are attached to create a common plane.
3. The prepared solution is applied to the walls. The thickness of the layer depends on the climatic conditions, but it should not exceed 5 cm.
4. Various decorative textures can be created on the finished surface.

The considered heaters can be used in any region, the thickness of effective thermal insulation is calculated according to local climatic characteristics.