Types of roofs and their structure. What are the types of roofs by design. Piece roofing materials

The roof not only protects the house from external influences, but also emphasizes the individuality of the house in terms of architecture. It is worth noting that the types of roofs are diverse, a lot depends on their characteristics. First of all, the comfort of the residents of the house depends. The roof must be both visually attractive and reliable. Nowadays, architects offer a huge assortment of structures, one or another type is chosen depending on the location of the house, the volume of the building, the general design of the building.

Main functions

Naturally, the purpose of any roof is to protect the structure from external influences. The structure is the main element of any building. It must withstand various loads and also look attractive. An element of architectural design must be flawless, it must emphasize the overall style of the building.

It is worth noting that modern roofs are high-quality materials, the latest technical solutions that should improve the characteristics that affect the reliability of the structure. Of course, the types of roofs are diverse, each owner selects one or another option, taking into account numerous factors. And, of course, today the beautiful roofs of private houses in the photo, which you will find in the article, allow home owners to present their homes not only reliable, but also visually attractive. It is worth noting that roof types are distinguished by design and by external features. At the same time, you can see what kind of roofs of private houses are in the photo, but you should really learn more about the characteristics.

There are types of roofs that are considered the most popular:

• flat;
• pitched.

The angle of inclination also determines what matters. If the slope is more than twelve degrees, then the structure is pitched and it also has subspecies. Knowing the types of roofs for a private house and their features, it will be much easier to choose the most suitable option.

Flat roof

It should be noted that this type is rarely used. And there is a reason for that. Flat surfaces are more expensive. A durable reinforced concrete pavement is not cheap, and without it, the structure will not withstand, for example, snow loads. At the same time, if we talk about the service life, then the structure of this type will last longer. This roof design is very practical, because on a flat surface you can organize a sports field, a terrace, a gorgeous garden. Popular types of roofs for a private house include a flat design.

Pitched

Roofs with a slope of more than twelve degrees are considered pitched. It is worth noting that the varieties of roofs of private houses, photos of which are presented by architects, simply surprise with their diversity. By the way, pricing depends on the shape of the roof of private houses - in the photo you can see the clear difference between them. Consider roof options for a pitched-type private house.

Single slope

Previously, it was believed that this type is suitable only for outbuildings in the yard. However, for example, in Germany and Scandinavia, many houses of this kind are being built now. This option is considered budgetary. In turn, the pitched roofs of private houses, the photos of which are below, look great.

It should be noted that the use of this particular subspecies in the design allows you to create interiors of amazing beauty. The installation of stained glass windows is a priority. Of course, this solution is relevant in the design of the room, if there really is a picturesque landscape outside the window.

Gable

This roof subspecies is more in demand.

Design features:

1. Consists of two equal slopes, they are supported by load-bearing walls.
2. It resembles a triangle in shape.
3. A classic solution for many.

The magnificent gable roofs of private houses in the photo attract many fans of interesting and practical solutions. By the way, the gable roofs of one-story private houses in the photo are often present even in children's books. A chimney and a neat column of smoke often complement the composition. And it is not surprising, because the gable design is a simple budget option. That is why he is so popular.

With an attic

The attic acts as a kind of air gap between the living space and the outside. A house with an attic has many advantages. For example, if the roof needs to be repaired, the attic has access to the structure to carry out the necessary work.

The roof option with an attic is now common in modern cottage construction. In this case, the cost of work increases, but the pricing policy does not affect demand in this case. After all, the use of roofs with an attic is quite common.

Mansard roof

Now roofs of really different shapes are called mansard roofs. But at the same time they are united by a common feature - the shape of the slope itself is made broken in order to increase the height of the attic ceilings. It is worth noting that the mansard roofs of private houses in the photo look fabulous and are popular with fans of original solutions.

Thanks to this type of roof, you can arrange a full-fledged room in the attic. Looking through the shapes of roofs for houses with an attic photo, it is simply impossible to remain indifferent to these magnificent buildings.

It should be noted that the installation of mansard structures is complex, in contrast to roofs with a straight slope. Therefore, the work costs more. But at the same time, the height of the attic floor will increase, which means that the owner of such a house gets another full-fledged room. Types of mansard roofs of private houses, the photos of which delight many, so if the budget allows, no one refuses an additional room. The money spent is paid off due to the area received.

Gorgeous views of the roofs of private houses with an attic, a photo of which nowadays very many encourages to really fall in love with this type of construction. The building looks amazing.

Hip roof

It consists of two triangular slopes. In turn, the rays are called hips. It is worth noting that the structure is quite complex, so the construction of such a roof should be trusted only by professionals. By the way, it is very resistant to external influences (strong winds, precipitation), debris and dust is very quickly blown off its slopes.

Tent

If the future home owner is attracted by interesting design solutions, a hipped roof can be considered as an option. By the way, this type is considered a kind of hip construction.

Design features:

1. All slopes are even triangles.
2. The roof is intended for square or polygonal structures.
3. The design is symmetrical.

Interesting roof options for private houses in the photo include hipped roof structures.

Complex shapes

Attracts fans of original solutions and complex shapes . These types of roofs are not common, however, those who really want to draw attention to the structure, give preference to complex structures. The complex roofs of private houses in the photo look unusual, so fans of exclusive solutions choose this option. Let's consider the most popular ones.

Broken line (attic type)

The design has a large angle of inclination, which allows you to increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe attic. The original broken roofs of private houses in the photo look really interesting, so they cannot leave indifferent fans of non-standard solutions.

Dome

It is rarely used for arranging a private house. Often, rounded shapes decorate verandas. The coating looks stylish, but it is mainly used for the decoration of various buildings.

Vaulted

The design has a cylindrical shape. It should be noted that the load-bearing elements of such roofs are made of curved metal or shaped beams made of laminated veneer lumber. The price for such an original roof is too high, so this type of complex shape is rarely used.

"Salt shaker"

It has an asymmetrical shape. Design features:

• two slopes;
• one slope is longer than the other.

The "salt shaker" appeared thanks to thrifty Americans who tried to find a way to reduce taxes on their homes.

Today, the types of roofing for the roof of a private house are varied, everyone can choose the most suitable option for themselves, while it is worth considering some factors in order to make the really right choice.

Which option to choose

The most popular are pitched roofs. They are quite common and have a number of undeniable advantages. What is the reason for such an active demand for this particular type of roof?

Firstly, the design is really reliable and durable. It is worth noting that she becomes an excellent defender of the house from various external influences.

Secondly, the service life of the structure is quite long, therefore, giving preference to this option, you can forget about the problems with the roof for a long time.

Thirdly, the appearance of the structure is magnificent, the architects offer really diverse options to the attention of buyers.

And, fourthly, you can make an attic or attic under the roof.

Of course, the appearance of such a roof is already considered a classic; it will not work to surprise with the originality of the design. Many strive for originality, therefore they prefer more complex forms. It is worth noting that you will have to pay much more for individuality. The more complex the design, the more expensive its cost will be.

Tastes are individual, the budget for construction work is also different. However, the main thing is that today you can really choose the optimal solution from a wide range of options.

In the modern concept, the roof of a house is not only a covering, protection from snow, sun or rain. Now the roof is an architectural continuation of the building that can emphasize its individuality and originality, and change the visual perception of the house. It should also be noted that the type of roof will also affect the interior atmosphere, comfort and coziness.

Whatever it was, but first of all, the roof must be reliable, because beauty will not save you from snow or rain. In general, there are many types of roofs, but we will only talk about the most popular, reliable and practical options that are best used when building a private house.

If we consider all roofs as a whole, then they can be safely divided into two categories: flat and pitched. Both one and the other have both advantages and disadvantages.

Flat roof

Flat roof although it is popular, it does not always find a place for itself in residential housing construction. The main disadvantage is the lack of slope, and, consequently, the constant accumulation of snow and melt water on its surface. Because of this, the lifespan of a flat roof is dramatically reduced, making it appear less acceptable than a pitched roof structure. Often, a flat roof is used only when its surface will be used (placing a front garden, pool or terrace).

Pitched roof

Pitched roof much preferable, because precipitation practically does not linger on its surface. In general, this type of roof is more reliable and attractive. Under such a roof, you can equip an attic room in the attic. The only drawback that you will have to face face to face is the increased cost of building this type of roof and its difficult to repair.

Roof with attic

Roof with attic very easy to build and install, you can build it yourself. The angle of inclination of the attic roof directly depends on what material is used for its roof. You also need to take into account the maximum load placed on the roof, the cost of its construction and materials. It is convenient to repair such a roof, but even at the initial stages, you need to choose the optimal roofing material. An important point will be the decision on the attic, whether it will be used as a living space or not. Depending on this, the height of the overlap, its quality and the materials used for its construction, as well as what the roofing cake should be, heat and waterproofing will be decided.

Attic (attic)

Attic (mansard) roof differs in that the outer mills will be roof surfaces located at a sharp angle. This roof is interesting externally, but the usable area of \u200b\u200bthe attic will be slightly reduced, since you need a good roof attachment. It is almost impossible to build such a roof on your own; it is better to attract professionals.

In most cases, a roof without an attic has a break, therefore, special support systems are installed from the inside, reducing the usable area of \u200b\u200bthe attic. Having imagination and design ideas, the props can be sheathed with plywood, after which niches and cabinets for seasonal things can be made there.

Shed roof

Shed roof - cheap and easy to install option. In fact, this is a kind of flat roof mounted on walls of different heights. It is thanks to this that a natural slope of the roof is created at a certain angle to one side. This roof is comfortable and practical, but very boring in appearance, and you can't equip an attic under it.

Gable roof

Gable roof - the most popular option in villages and small towns. This roof is one of the most ancient, but it is still relevant today. It is based on two slopes, connected at the top of the ridge. The gable roof can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. In general, this is a very convenient and practical option, an ideal solution for those who want to equip an attic.

Hip roof

Hip roof - a kind of hipped roof. The two slopes of this roof are trapezoidal, and the end planes (hips) are triangular. It is much more difficult to create and build such a roof, so it is better to turn to professionals. The advantage of the roof lies in its performance, because it is very resistant to the vagaries of the weather.

Half hip roof

Half hip roof - this is something between a hip and gable roof. The lateral planes are truncated - they have a half-hip shape, their length is 2-3 times less than the main planes. Vertical windows can be placed on the pediment of the building, and half-hips will become a decorative element.

Tent

Tent - the structure of this roof has 3 or more slopes, which are collected in one upper point. There is no “ridge” in the hipped roof, and the symmetry of the slopes pleasantly surprises. If the house has regular geometric shapes (square, polygon), then a hipped roof will be the best solution. It is resistant to winds, is original in appearance and is able to reliably protect the house.

Multi-gable roof

Multi-gable roof - the most difficult, expensive, but at the same time interesting option. Ideal for polygonal houses where you want to create something special. The rafter system of a multi-gable roof is difficult to implement, so the involvement of professional builders and architects is mandatory here. If all goes well, you can eventually get your dream home.

Sloping roof

Sloping roof - a kind of attic roof, because it is under it that the attic is often equipped. The upper part has a small angle of inclination, after which there is a kink and the angle increases sharply, thereby the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe attic will practically not suffer, and its side walls will be reliably protected.

Conical and domed roofs

Conical and domed roofs - this is a very rare occurrence, because practically no one uses them. This type of roof is not easy to use and difficult to repair. It is best to use them only as separate elements that can be used to cover round verandas or create decorative towers.

Combination roof

Combination roof - difficult, but possible. This roof often combines such types of roofs as hipped roof, hip roof and multi-gable roof. It is logical that it is too difficult to calculate and build such a roof, so a professional architect must be involved to implement the project. By creating a combined roof, you can surprise your friends, cause envy among neighbors and delight in your loved ones. Having built such a roof, you need to be prepared for the fact that it is difficult to maintain it, and you need to spend capital on the implementation of this project, whether it is worth deciding only for the homeowner.

The types of roofs of private houses are quite diverse both in design and in appearance. Usually, there are several options most common for a particular area, the popularity of which is explained by the cultural customs of the people living in this area, better adaptation to the country's climatic conditions, and the availability of building material.

However, the continuous progress and development of building technologies allows you to create almost any form, to give preference to such a design that will satisfy both functionally and aesthetically. In this article we will tell you about roofs for a private house, which are most often used in Russia.

The roof is the upper part of the structure of the house, which separates the interior from the surrounding, giving a complete and harmonious look to the structure. As a rule, the roof can have a complex structure.

Depending on its shape, it consists of one or more slopes and gables, which are used to sew up the space between them. The roof frame is the rafter legs, which give mechanical strength and shape to the structure.

The waterproofing coating is made of corrugated board, metal tile, roofing material, slate or other materials that are highly resistant to moisture.

All types of roofs of houses, due to their design and three-layer structure, perform the following functions:

• Waterproofing... All roof structures have a waterproofing topcoat that protects the interior of the house from rain or snow. This is the primary task of the roof, which it copes with not only through the use of materials that do not allow water to pass through, but also through the slope of the roof.
• Thermal insulation... In addition to protecting against moisture, all types of roofs help protect the house from the penetration of cold. According to the laws of physics, warm air rises upward, which is why even a heated house is gradually cooled down. Therefore, thermal insulation material is necessarily used in the construction of roofs. It is laid between the rafter legs or laid on top of them.
• Aesthetic... In the end, buildings with the right roof structure look more harmonious and complete. After all, this element helps to emphasize the architectural style of the building.

Note! When building sheds, garages or other small structures, the roof does not carry a significant load. But the construction of a private house requires an accurate calculation, as well as the creation of a roof project, because it must have sufficient bearing capacity and strength.

Flat and pitched options

The types of roofs (roofs) of private houses differ significantly in appearance, design features and costs of their construction. To understand all this variety of shapes, you first need to divide them all into pitched and flat:

1. Flat

Which fits on a strictly horizontal floor of the building. It is a multi-layer cake made of thermal insulation and waterproofing materials, laid in several layers to form a monolithic coating that does not allow heat and moisture to pass through.

Installation of such a roof usually takes place by fusing or gluing roll waterproofing or a special membrane. This option does not allow using the space under the roof to organize an attic, and also requires the equipment of a powerful internal drainage system.

Therefore, more often flat roofing structures are used in the construction of high-rise buildings, high-rise buildings and industrial facilities. Also for you can use bulk waterproofing.

1. Pitched

A pitched roof is called a roof that consists of one or more slopes located at an angle to the base of the structure. A feature of pitched roofs is the slope of its slopes, which makes it possible to more effectively remove atmospheric precipitation from its surface.

The single-slope option is the easiest way to block a structure, and with an increase in the number of slopes, the complexity and cost of this type of roof increases.

Interestingly, experienced builders emphasize the rationality and proven effectiveness of pitched roofs for private houses. With a relatively small overlap area, this option protects much better against leakage and cold. In addition, it is more aesthetic and easy to use.

Slope varieties

Considering private country houses, you will notice that, although their roofing elements have common features, visually they are very different. The slope of the roof has a significant impact on the appearance of the building.

This characteristic of the structure is understood as the angle of inclination of the slope plane to the base of the roof. The slope can be from 1 to 60 degrees.The greater the slope angle, the better the water flows and the easier the snow slides off.

• Flat... Such structures are considered, the angle of inclination of the slopes of which is no more than 3 degrees. Flat roof cover usually has roll-to-roll coverings. They are most often used in the construction of economic and industrial facilities, multi-storey buildings. Among private houses, they are considered a rarity, so it is not possible to mount them on a limited area and on a wooden base.
• Low-deviation... The slopes of such structures range from 5 to 30 degrees. They are distinguished by the most optimal ratio of the costs of its construction and effective drainage. This is the most convenient slope, which is most often chosen for overlapping private houses. In addition, this type of roof allows you to use almost any type of roofing.
• Steep slopes... If the slopes have an angle of inclination greater than 35 degrees, the roof is considered to be steep. The large angle guarantees effective removal of precipitation and snow masses from the slope, however, increases the weight and cost of the frame. Roofs of this type in the device are more complicated than low-slope, therefore they are used only in regions with increased snow load. They are good at removing precipitation, but have high windage.

Remember! The more precipitation falls in the region where construction is underway, the greater the slope should be at the slopes. On the contrary, if the area is characterized by strong winds, it is better to give preference to low-slope options, which help reduce the load on the frame of the slopes.

Classification by the number of skates

Analyzing the architecture of private housing construction, experts note that pitched structures are still the most popular in Russia. Of course, these options have undeniable advantages: effective removal of atmospheric precipitation, efficiency and ease of installation and aesthetics. Pitched roofs by the number of slopes are divided into the following types:

1. Single slope... Such an overlap consists of a single slope, usually located at a slight slope towards the base. In this case, the shape of the slope will be rectangular or square. The advantage is the simplicity of its installation and low cost, therefore this is the option that is used in the construction of garages, sheds and other outbuildings. However, if you need an attic, then this economical method will have to be abandoned.
2. Gable... Traditionally in Russia, the most common are gable structures. Visually, they resemble a triangle with apex in the area of \u200b\u200bthe ridge. Such roofs consist of two inclined slopes and two gables enclosed between them. One of the varieties is the mansard roof, which has a broken geometry of the slopes, which allows you to make the most of the attic space. The rafter system of a gable roof can be suspended or layered.
3. Four-slope (hip)... Hip structures are more complex in the device than single-slope or dual-slope ones, they have 4 slopes and not a single pediment. Thanks to this structure, the roofing room will be more difficult to equip, including due to the massiveness of the rafter frame.
4. Half hip... In this case, part of the pediment is replaced with a small slope, which is smaller than usual. As you can see in the photo, this roof has two varieties: Dutch, in which the upper part of the pediment is replaced with a slope, and Danish, which has a slope in the lower part of the pediment. Such a structure makes it possible to place dormer windows at the front, improving the illumination of the under-roof space.
5. Tent... Hip structures have four or more slopes. They are only suitable for covering square structures. For the construction of a domed house, more wood will be required to make a rafter frame, and in addition, more roofing material.

Consider, thanks to the complex shapes, the roof takes on an elegant and extravagant look. However, for the same reason, the consumption of roofing material and wood for the installation of the truss frame increases, the complexity, and, consequently, the cost of assembly increases. That is why, when building a private house, a reliable, but fairly simple gable structure is most often used.

Warm and cold ways of arranging floors

The types of roofs differ in design as much as in appearance. First of all, we are talking about the composition of the roofing cake, which changes in accordance with the type of overlap, as well as the nature of the use of the under-roof space.

According to these characteristics, all roofs are divided into attic and non-attic. They differ in the following criteria:

• « Cold»The roof does not include any thermal insulation material in the roofing cake, since there is an unheated room called an attic under it. The attic serves as an air layer, which has a thermal insulation value. The advantage of this option is its low cost, ease of installation, as well as increased insulating capacity.
• « Warm»The roof as part of the roofing cake must have a thermal insulation material. They use such views with an attic, if a heated, living room is equipped under the roof. Insulation of slopes and gable walls, which is necessarily carried out in this case, is necessary in order to keep warm in the attic, and also to prevent the formation of condensation.

Remember that the construction of a warm roof is much more difficult than a cold one. The composition of her roofing cake includes not only thermal insulation material, but also additional waterproofing and vapor barrier, which protects the insulation from drying out.

Classification by type of roofing material

Different types of roofs differ not only in appearance and construction, but also in the used roofing material. There is no more important element of the roof than a waterproofing coating, which affects the service life, resistance to precipitation, and operational features. The most common types are:

1. Metallic coatings... Very often, roofing materials based on corrosion-resistant metal, for example, galvanized steel, are used to cover private houses. This type includes roofing sheeting, metal tiles or just metal sheets. The advantages of this overlapping option are strength, durability, high bearing capacity.
2. Soft materials... To cover slopes of complex or irregular shapes, for example, hipped roofs, soft coatings based on bitumen are used - roofing material, roofing membranes, bitumen shingles. They are inexpensive, lightweight, elastic, which is why they can take any shape.
3. Ceramic... Classical tiles have excellent thermal insulation ability, spectacular appearance, but at the same time they weigh a lot, and can also be used only if the angle of the slopes is steep enough.

Note! It is very important to choose high-quality, durable roofing materials when working on the roof of a house, so that the roof structure has all the necessary characteristics that contribute to better waterproofing, as well as thermal insulation of the room.

Video instruction

The roof is a significant item in the home construction budget. Various types of roofs are fundamentally different in design, which affects the cost of construction, which may be quite affordable or, on the contrary, cause a shock. The type of roof and the angle of inclination of its slope also affect the possibility of arranging the attic and shape the appearance of the entire house.

Various types of roofs of private houses have a configuration of varying degrees of complexity, ranging from the simplest one - flat to complex combined structures.

Flat roof , the device of which belongs to the least complex, and, therefore, the most attractive solutions from a financial point of view. Floor elements laid on load-bearing walls are, in fact, a roof. Typically a flat roof has a slight slope (up to 3%) to drain rainwater.

A pitched roof is a generalized concept for roofs with inclined planes, which are based on rafters and lathing. This category is presented in several variants.

A pitched roof is a kind of intermediate solution between a flat and a gable roof. Relatively simple design, typical for the construction of outbuildings and country houses. It, like a flat one, consists of one slope, but differs in the angle of inclination, as well as a separate structure of the floor and roof. A gable roof allows you to conveniently equip an area on the second floor, which is not limited to slopes, as in the case of, for example, gable roofs, and, as a rule, provides the same amount of space as on the first floor. Recently, they are often used in large houses, where the area allows you to create several blocks with roofs located at different levels.

The device of a pitched roof depends on the size of the building and the expected angle of inclination of the slope. Below are the most common designs:

1. Rafter structure - The rafters are supported on an outer wall. This kind of wooden roof structure is simple to implement and does not create high costs. Can be performed on buildings in which the span of the walls does not exceed 6 meters.
2. Rafter structure with struts - an inclined beam strengthens and stiffens the frame. With its help, you can make a roof on a building with a wall span of up to 7 meters.
3. Roof structure with truss truss - this kind of roof structure can be used on roofs with a span of up to 12 m. The wooden structure is additionally supported by pillars that provide it with greater rigidity.

Gable roof

A gable roof is a structure with opposite slopes connected in a ridge. A characteristic feature is the presence of triangular pediments of the side walls, which cover the roof in planes perpendicular to the ridge. There are main types of gable roofs - symmetrical (when the sections are equal and inclined at the same angle) or asymmetrical.

This design is characteristic of traditional architecture, but is also present in modern, minimalist buildings, primarily due to its simplicity, which affects the convenience and reduced construction costs. In houses where the angle of inclination of the roof is 35 - 45 °, an attic is usually equipped. A gable roof has many advantages, the most important of which are:

• due to the possibility of adapting the attic for residential purposes, they receive additional space;
• a simple design makes it easier to build a house, and also allows you to add a garage or a shed to the building without any special difficulties;
• a large and simple area makes it easier to arrange the roof;
• when roofing works on a gable roof, there is little waste of materials, therefore, the choice of coverage is unlimited;
• this type of roof also provides effective removal of snow and rainwater.

It is also important for the building that due to the strong slope, ventilation between the roof and the wind insulation is much easier than in the case of other types of roofs.

The hip roof is a four-slope structure, where two of the four slopes are trapezoidal, and two more are triangular. It is these triangular slopes that are called hips, which gave the name to the structure. The slopes, converging to the short ridge, are usually inclined at one angle. The truss structure uses beams and double tightening. This construction is recommended for single-storey buildings that give beautiful proportions. Despite the presence of an attic, a reasonable arrangement of the attic in this case is not an easy task. The interior design is hampered by numerous bevels. Usually, the functionality of the attic is improved by increasing the angle of inclination of the ramp, but in the case of a four-slope design, this can not be achieved much. The best solution is to install roof windows, which will visually increase the volume of the room.

A hip roof is more expensive and more difficult to implement than a gable roof. The implementation is hampered, in particular, by the angles at which the planes converge. This is a job for highly qualified roofers. Also, roofing work requires the use of solutions that increase the cost of construction. When using sheet roofing, a lot of waste remains, so it is better to use piece roofing materials, which will reduce losses. Having mounted a reinforced rafter system, you can even use ceramic tiles. The hip roof has subspecies.

The semi-hinged roof is characterized by beveled corners and truncated triangles located on the end walls. It is a good option for investors looking for a way to get rid of the monotony.

Such constructions are typical for regional architecture. They can be found, in particular, in the mountains.

The truncated triangles of the half-hip roof reduce the roof surface and strengthen the edges of the frame, thereby protecting the house from strong winds. The optimal slope angle of such a roof is 35 °, which allows water and snow to be removed without limiting the choice of roofing.

Installation of such a roof is easier than a hip roof and only slightly more difficult than a gable roof. At the same time, it looks aesthetically pleasing and has a comfortable attic in which an attic can be equipped. However, special attention should be paid to the careful implementation of thermal insulation at the joints of the slopes.

Hip roof is a specific type of hip roof, which is used in buildings that have a square or regular rectangle at the base. They do not have a ridge, their slopes converge at one point, forming the so-called ridge knot. Visually, this design resembles a pyramid. Looks great as a covering of a one-story building built in a classic style.

Hipped roofs are often used as covering for free-standing garages, farm buildings, shops. Sometimes they are used as coverings for turrets and other elements in more architecturally complex buildings. It must be remembered, however, that although they are visually attractive, the cost of making them is always higher than in the case of conventional gable structures.

Traditionally, a multi-gable roof is called a roof formed by a diverse combination of gable roofs. It consists of many planes of different sizes, shapes and angles of inclination. Most often they are triangular or trapezoidal, sometimes rectangular. The roof is beautifully presented but has too many building complexities. To drain water from the entire surface, it is necessary to install additional drains and drain pipes. The complex shape of the roof increases its cost. A large number of slopes is associated with a large consumption of roofing material. At least the purchase of a large number of ribs, valleys and a ridge will be a significant expense. A large number of bends also contribute to the increased weight of the roof covering. This, in turn, is associated with the need for a more powerful and more stable rafter system. To complete all the work, highly qualified masters are needed. In addition, a multi-gable roof looks good on a large building on a large plot. In a small area, this is rather impractical - it will visually reduce the entire territory.

An example of a sloping roof is a mansard roof - this is a structure in which each slope consists of two parts: the upper one with a smaller angle of inclination and the lower one with a larger angle. The sloping roof can be two- or four-pitched. The use of this design improves the operational properties of the attic - the usable area increases. A sloping roof most often has a lower inclined plane at an angle of 60 °, and the upper one about 30 °; layered rafters are used in the rafter system. It is best to use flexible shingles as a roof.

The disadvantage of this option is a more complex and difficult construction, as well as the need for very careful preparation of the coating. Leaks may occur in the places where the slope is broken. Also, the complexity of its implementation lies, in particular, in the appropriate arrangement of the rafters. In any case, it is better to entrust the installation to specialists.

Dome and tapered roofs

Dome and conical structures are associated mainly with architectural monuments. However, these types of roofs are also used in the construction of private houses, in particular on all kinds of superstructures and annexes (turrets, drums, belvederes). They are mounted over multifaceted or round structures. Roof systems for domed and conical roofs are used hanging and layered, respectively. For the arrangement of the coating, piece roofing materials are used, as a rule.

Combined roofs

The shape of the roof depends on many factors, including regional conditions and preferences, the type and purpose of the building, the landscape into which the object should be inscribed. At the same time, home owners and developers strive for originality. This is where combined roofs come to the rescue. Most often, such designs are found in cottage villages. The bottom line is to combine several roof structures into one structure to achieve a certain aesthetic effect. Combined roofs are also used in case of building expansion. So, for example, it can be a hip roof over a house, supplemented by a lean-to roof over an attached veranda or a winter garden.

“Under the roof of my house…” - these words from a popular song reflect the special symbolic meaning of this building structure element for the people living in the house. At the same time, the functional purpose of the roof is to protect residential premises from the adverse effects of the external environment. In addition, it is an important architectural element that brings design projects to life and gives a completed home a complete look.

Despite the external variety of structures of the final part of buildings, all existing roof options are classified in a certain way. Of course, having asked yourself which roof to choose, you need to get acquainted with their list and features.

A variety of roof options appear before us in cottage settlements

Roofs are divided into pitched and flat.

In general, roofs are divided into pitched and flat. The difference is easy to spot in the photo. A ramp is a roof surface that is tilted to the horizontal at an angle greater than ten degrees. The number of slopes can vary from one to four, and in the construction of multi-gable and hipped roofs, these elements are combined. Sometimes you can find the domed or conical shape of the "cap" of the house.

Flat roofs are less common due to their higher cost. For their arrangement, you need a solid foundation that can withstand the weight of snowdrifts. Such a structure is made of concrete and is not cheap, but additional possibilities of using a flat coating appear, which are demonstrated by the following photos.

Flat roofs are most in demand in the southern regions

Here you can install sports equipment, equip a recreation area, a terrace or a winter garden. This type of roof is considered exploitable. Roofs are classified according to the following criteria:

• the material from which they are made;
• the presence or absence of bias;
• design features.

It is important to decide: with an attic or an attic?

When erecting a roof, it is important to decide: to arrange it with an attic or with an attic. The attic space is actually a buffer zone between the outside and living quarters. If it is necessary to repair the roof, it provides convenient access to all its elements. The construction of an attic roof requires certain financial costs, but, despite this, such a constructive solution is widely popular and is used everywhere.

The roof attic allows you to use it as a full-fledged living space. Its walls are formed by the roofing material. For this purpose, the slope height increases in the right place. The attic looks very original and unusual, as shown in the following photo.

Attic roofs are practical and popular

The creation of such a structure is associated with certain technical difficulties, so it is relatively expensive, and usually specialists do this work. However, the financial costs are paid off by creating additional living space. An attic roof attic is very popular.

How false roof works, photo

Many people do not know what false blood is, what it is for. In general, it is a covering with roofing material of individual elements of a building structure to give the latter an attractive appearance. An example of false roof can be estimated from the photo.

False roof can be interesting and functional

The prefix "false" in the name indicates that it is imitation. For example, arranging a false roof on a flat roof will give it the appearance of a pitched structure. Besides decorative, this architectural technique also has a functional purpose. This design protects horizontally located platforms from increased loads and aggressive environmental influences.

Types of forms of pitched roofs of private houses

The shapes of the pitched roofs of private houses are able to delight the imagination with their diversity. The abundance of colors of roofing materials allows you to bring to life the most daring design projects. At the same time, the simplest in terms of design and technology of work is a shed roof. It is not difficult to equip it yourself.

Due to its good performance, the gable roof has gained the greatest popularity among owners of private houses, and it is ubiquitous.

Hip roof is distinguished by good strength characteristics. The semi-hip variety has a very interesting design look. The complex multi-gable roof structure looks extremely original. The outline of the attic roof is a broken line.

The multi-pitched hipped roof does not have a ridge elevation, the decorative purpose has the form of a roof in the form of a cone or dome. There are also complex combined designs that bring non-standard design projects to life.

Shed roof - the simplest

The shed roof is considered the easiest to arrange and the cheapest in price. In essence, it is a flat roof supported by walls of different heights. The height difference determines the angle of inclination of the cover. A pitched roof has the following advantages:

• low cost;
• ease of installation;
• large amount of usable space;
• simplicity of installation of the smoke exhaust system.

An ordinary pitched roof can be very original

This type of roof has a rather unsightly appearance, so it is most often used to cover toilets, sheds and other similar buildings. The owners of small country houses also use a shed roof, who put up with an unpretentious appearance, which is compensated by the simplicity of the design.

Gable roof is the most popular

Housing has been covered with a gable roof since ancient times; it is most popular in rural areas and urban-type settlements today. As the name implies, the structure consists of two roof slopes. They provide a good drainage of atmospheric precipitation and prevent it from flowing into living quarters. However, this form of coverage has a high windage, so it can be disrupted by a gust of wind.

An uncomplicated gable roof keeps many possibilities

The junction of roof surfaces resting on walls of the same height is called the ridge and is the highest line of the house. Slopes can have different angles and be unequal in length. Here you can make an attic or arrange an attic, undoubtedly this is the most practical type of roof. The vertical walls bounding the attic are called gables.

Robust hip construction

Hip roof implies the installation of slopes instead of pediments, which have a triangle-shaped cross-section, windows are made from above. It has good aerodynamic streamlining. The types of hip roofs are shown in the photo.

Hip roof is practical and reliable

The technology for performing such work is distinguished by the increased complexity of arranging the rafter system, therefore it is better to provide it to specialists. Hip roofs are highly durable and highly resistant to gust of wind, heavy rain or heavy snow. It has the following advantages:

• good resistance to deformation;
• security of the facade;
• resistance to aggressive environmental influences;
• the possibility of arranging the attic.

A semi-hip roof is something in between a gable and a hip version. Here the ridge of the gable roof is closed from wind action by half-hips, which have good aerodynamic streamlining.

The semi-hip roof provides the designer with good opportunities

They also have a decorative purpose, giving the roof a very unique design. Dormer windows are equipped in the triangular parts of the gables formed by overlapping slopes. The arrangement of such a structure requires good professional skills, therefore it is better to leave this work to specialists.

Original and sophisticated multi-gable design

Multi-gable roofs are characterized by increased complexity of installation. A wide variety of elements are present here, giving it a unique appearance. Roof fragments are often polygonal.

The multi-gable roof structure will serve as a worthy completion of a complex-shaped building

The multi-gable design has an unusual appearance and allows you to equip additional living quarters. Such roofs immediately attract the eye in a cottage community, they compare favorably with the monotony of standard options. The color scheme can emphasize individual elements, giving the whole structure a contrasting look.

Sloped mansard roof

A mansard roof is essentially a modified form of a gable structure. It differs from her in a broken profile. To do this, a special break is made in the roof, giving the ramp a flatter line. This constructive solution allows you to increase the usable floor space.

Sloped mansard roof as a combination of practicality and design

The shape of the attic is determined by the configuration of the additional room, where you can put beds and equip a rest room. In hot summer, the roof is heated strongly by direct rays of the sun.

In this design, the volume of the space between the roof and the room is reduced, which worsens the thermal insulation of the ceiling and walls of the attic. Thus, it is necessary to perform high-quality thermal insulation of the roof itself.

Hip roof - multi-slope and without ridge

The hipped roof has several slopes that do not form a ridge when connected. Laying such a coating is not particularly difficult, it can be done independently.

Hip roof options from simple to complex

Hip roofs are usually installed over houses with walls in the form of a square or other regular geometric shape. They are streamlined and therefore resistant to heavy wind gusts.

The toughness is also very good. The weight of the hipped roof is small, as a result of which it exerts a small load on the walls and foundation.

Decorative conical and domed roofs

Conical and domed roofs in private houses are most often used for decorative purposes. They represent a rounded roof, but it is not the building structure itself that is covered with it, but its individual elements, such as design turrets or a round summer kitchen. It should be noted that they look very original, especially when installed on a glazed veranda.

Dome and conical elements are complex: both in practical implementation and in design development

Complex combined designs

Combined roofs are distinguished by the most complex structure. They combine different elements of other types of roofing: hipped roof, multi-gable, hip, mansard and so on. Strictly speaking, many of the examples of roofs given above are combined, although they have a pronounced one characteristic.

Complex roofs combine wide possibilities and complexity of their implementation

Combined roofs have a unique appearance, there is a wide scope for designers' creativity. The positive qualities include good functionality and aesthetics, the negative ones are the high cost, complexity of design, installation and further maintenance.