Heating system in a 2-storey building. Heating project for a two-story house: main types, characteristics. hand made

Many of us imagine the heating circuit of a one-story building quite clearly.

In the presence of a second floor, the task of organizing a heating system becomes somewhat more complicated.

Let's try to figure out what should be the heating scheme of 2 storey building private or public use. How to implement it yourself?

Let's take a look at all the components of the system first.

Boiler

The purpose of this unit is to generate heat energy, which will be transferred to the working environment of the heating circuit.

By the type of fuel used, boilers are divided into the following types:

• gas;
• electrical;
• solid fuel;
• liquid fuel;
• combined (for example, capable of running on electricity and diesel fuel).

The most convenient to operate, and therefore the most demanded, is a gas boiler. When choosing this unit, the defining parameters are the power and material of the heat exchanger.

Power

There is an opinion that the power of the heating boiler should be chosen at the rate of 100 W per square meter of heated area. However, these data are too average. Experience shows that for small buildings with an area of \u200b\u200babout 100 sq. m, the required power is approximately 130 W / kV. m, while for larger houses, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich reaches 500 sq. m, this figure decreases to 80 W / kV. m. Why is it so?

Floor heating boiler in the house

The fact is that with an increase in the heated area, say, 4 times, the area of \u200b\u200bthe enclosing structures, through which the heat "evaporates", increases only 2.5 times. Thus, the amount of heat loss per 1 sq. m of the heated area, decreases, respectively, the need for heat energy for the same kW becomes less. m.

Heat exchanger material

There are two options:

• steel;
• cast iron.

Cast iron is stronger than steel, and it resists corrosion better.

Pipes and radiators

In individual heating systems, steel pipes are increasingly being replaced by metal-plastic or polypropylene pipes.

These materials lose strength when high temperature, but in a private house, where the homeowner himself is engaged in adjusting the operation of the heating circuit, jumps in the temperature of the coolant to critical values \u200b\u200bare excluded.

Cast iron is considered a traditional material for radiators, but copper or aluminum devices are used for increased heat transfer. If there is high pressure in the system, bimetallic radiators should be installed instead. In them, the most critical elements are made of durable steel, and the heat-dissipating surfaces are made of soft copper or aluminum.

Armature

In heating systems, fittings of three types are used:

1. Locking: currently most often used ball Valves, the disadvantages of which have been minimized with the development of technology. If the shut-off element is expected to be used frequently, it is better to install a traditional valve.
2. Regulating: allows you to smoothly change the volume of the passed heat carrier. Theoretically, for this purpose, shut-off valves can also be used, but they will very quickly become unusable, since they are not designed for such a tough operating mode. Today, instead of manual control valves, automatic ones, connected to temperature sensors, are actively used. Such regulators independently control the flow of the coolant, maintaining a given temperature regime.
3. Mayevsky valve: this element is used to remove air locks.
4. Expansion tank: this container receives surplus of the working medium resulting from its thermal expansion.
5. Circulation pump (not always used).

In some models of the Mayevsky crane, you can completely unscrew the stem. If you do this inadvertently while the system is in working order, the coolant will rush into the room and fill everything around until you turn off the nearest shut-off valve. In order to avoid emergency situations, it is better not to install such Mayevsky cranes.

Methods for supplying coolant to the heating system

Choosing the most suitable option heating systems, the homeowner will have to decide on the main issue: how to get the coolant to move along the heating circuit. This task is solved in one of two ways:

• naturally;
• forced.

Heating scheme of a private house with natural circulation

As you know, a heated gas or liquid is pushed upward by a colder medium due to its lower density. This phenomenon is called convection. With the correct design of the heating system, it can play the role of an engine that will make the coolant circulate in a closed loop from pipes and radiators.

The most important element of such a scheme is the booster manifold - a vertical section of the pipeline immediately after the boiler. The powerful upward current formed here pushes the coolant well through the circuit. In such a system, an open-type expansion tank is used, which is an ordinary tank connected to the upper point of the heating circuit.

Heating two-storey house with natural circulation

The presence of the second floor allows the booster manifold to be made long enough, which, when good insulation this section provides quite decent circulation of the coolant. However, despite this, even in two-story houses, a scheme with a natural movement of the working environment is less and less common. The reason lies in its characteristic shortcomings:

• large diameter pipes are required;
• on horizontal sections of the pipeline, a significant slope must be observed - 5 - 7 cm per 1 m of length;
• after bypassing the circuit, the temperature of the coolant drops by more than 25 degrees (a prerequisite for good natural circulation), so the boiler has to be operated in high performance mode, which reduces its service life;
• the maximum pipeline length is limited to 30 meters.

Want to know more about heating systems for a private house? : types of infrared radiation, effects on human health, reviews of the owners.

Read about how geothermal heating works.

Solar panels have not yet found widespread use as a heating system. However, there are people who are turning away from conventional heating methods in favor of solar energy. Here you will learn all about the types of batteries, their installation and selection.

Forced way

In two-story houses, the forced circulation scheme is used much more often, if only because the length of the heating circuit in such buildings is, as a rule, more than 30 meters. Here the working medium is pumped by a special pump, which is called circulation pump. It is installed at the entrance to the boiler, where the coolant is the coldest. Since the heating system is closed, the pressure developed by such a pump does not depend on the number of storeys of the building and is determined only by the resistance of the circuit (hydraulic).

Forced circulation heating circuit

With this scheme, the speed of movement of the coolant increases, so it does not have time to cool down much. This leads to a more even distribution of heat throughout the entire circuit, as well as the possibility of operating the boiler in a gentle mode. In addition, a forced circulation system is more practical: in spring and autumn, when it is not very cold outside, it can be operated in a low-temperature mode, which would not have been possible with natural circulation of the environment. Horizontal sections of the pipeline are installed with a slope of 0.5 - 1 cm per 1 m.

Due to the high pressure developed by the pump, it is necessary to complicate the design of the expansion tank. Here it is closed and consists of two cavities separated by a flexible membrane. An expanding heat carrier enters one cavity, the other contains compressed air, the pressure of which equalizes the pressure in the system. A closed tank does not have to be located at the highest point of the circuit, it is usually mounted next to the boiler.

Prudent designers leave the booster manifold even in forced circulation systems. In this case, if the power supply is cut off and the pump is then stopped, the system will continue to operate in convection mode.

Types of heating schemes

Heating a two-story house can be organized according to one of the following schemes.

One-pipe, two-pipe and beam heating schemes for a private house

In a small private house, you can use a sequential scheme for connecting heating radiators. In this case, the circuit will be formed by one pipe, therefore such a system is called one-pipe. This is the most inexpensive, but also the least practical option: the coolant enters the radiators farthest from the boiler relatively cold, which is why the number of sections in these devices has to be increased.

Two-pipe heating circuit with upper and lower wiring

Heat energy is distributed more evenly in the two-pipe system. It consists of two pipelines - supply and return, between which radiators are connected in parallel. For a two-story private house with a large number of rooms, such a heating system scheme is optimal.

The most expensive, but also the most convenient from the point of view of control, is the beam scheme. According to it, each radiator has its own supply and return pipelines, which converge in one collector. If, due to an incorrect hydraulic calculation, in some sections of a conventional two-pipe system, a weak circulation of the coolant can be observed or its absence, then with a beam scheme such phenomena are completely excluded.

Horizontal and vertical schemes with bottom and top feed

In two-story private houses with a small area, a do-it-yourself heating system is often built according to a horizontal scheme.

According to it, all radiators within one floor are combined into a horizontal circuit, and one well-insulated riser is laid through all floors to power each of these circuits.

With a large floor area, the horizontal contours would turn out to be too long, so it would be impossible to maintain the required slope during their installation.

In this case, they resort to the organization of heating according to vertical pattern... In accordance with this principle, not those radiators that are located on the same floor are combined, but mounted above each other on different floors. For this, several risers are laid.

They can be connected in series:

• the coolant from the boiler rises along one riser;
• then, along the lintel located on the second floor or in the attic, it enters the second riser, along which it moves in the opposite direction.

But they also practice parallel connection of risers. For this, two ring pipelines are laid, one of which plays the role of a distribution manifold (all risers are supplied from it), and the second performs the function of a "return" (cooled coolant enters here).

If the house has an insulated attic or technical floor, the first of the pipelines can be placed here. In this case, the system is said to be top wired. In the absence of such a room, both pipelines have to be located in the basement or basement floor (bottom wiring).

When designing heating in a private house, many owners are wondering which system to choose: one-pipe or two-pipe? The first is simpler, the second more practical. : its strengths and weaknesses, as well as classification and hydraulic calculation.

You will find out detailed information about a one-pipe heating system in the material.

Video on the topic

Before us is a three-story vacation home... There is a garage on the ground floor and utility rooms... Living quarters will be located on the second and third floors. A two-pipe system will be selected as heating, radiators will be used as heating devices.
three-storey country house
It is impractical to install a single-pipe system in this house, since the area of \u200b\u200beach floor is more than 60 m2. And this means that if we install a one-pipe system, then the first radiators will receive all the energy from the coolant, each subsequent one will receive a little less. And since our floors are large, the difference between the first and the last radiator will be very significant. To avoid this, we must make a two-pipe or collector system.

boiler room
The boiler room will be located on the ground floor. The boiler will be gas-fired with a closed combustion chamber and a coaxial chimney.
The boiler capacity will be 43 kW. This power is calculated using the following formula (195 m2 x 170 W) + 30%. 30% is a margin necessary for efficient operation of the boiler in severe frosts or for quick heating of a cold house.

connecting the boiler to metal-plastic pipes and installing a filter
installation of a unit for draining and filling the coolant
A pump, an expansion tank, a safety group are already installed in our boiler, and we just need to put a filter in front of the boiler and a drain / fill unit for the coolant at the lowest point of the system.

installation of two-pipe heating on the ground floor
distribution of main pipes
We collect and hang radiators, do the wiring and connect the main pipes.

radiator connection diagram in a two-pipe system
Let's take a look at connecting a radiator to a two-pipe system.

closing radiator in a two-pipe system
The last radiator is closing and we immediately bring a 16 mm pipe to it.
And so we examined the installation of a two-pipe heating system for the first floor. This floor will be designed for non-residential premises, so the radiators will not work at full capacity, but will provide a temperature of about 15 C, which we will set using the thermostats installed on the radiators.


scheme of two-pipe heating of the second floor
Now let's take a look at the second floor.
We extend the riser, mount the radiators and connect the main pipes.

thermal insulation of metal-plastic pipes
Let's pay attention to front door... To lay the pipes, we need to deepen them into the floor and insulate them well.

radiators are connected in the same way as on the first floor Consider the risers and their connection. Radiators are connected in the same way as we saw on the first floor.
to connect the third floor, we need 32x26 adaptersWe will connect the third floor through adapters, 26 pipes will immediately go there.

third floor plan
Now let's take a look at the third floor. Radiators are installed here in the same way as on the first and second floors. There is a radiator under each window to avoid fogging the windows in subzero temperatures.
Now let's briefly tell you how to calculate the power of the radiators for each room. Let's take one room as an example. The calculation is seen according to the following formula:
19.5 m2 (room area) x 170 W (required power for heating 1 m2 country house) / 180 W (power of one section aluminum radiator) \u003d 18 sections.
But since there are 3 windows in our room, we divide 18 sections by 3 and get 3 radiators of 6 sections each. Here is a simple formula for calculating the power of the radiator.

3D heating scheme for a two-pipe system made of metal-plastic
And so we examined a 3-storey house with a two-pipe heating system.

The optimal heating scheme for a 2-storey private house is selected taking into account many factors: efficiency, cost and complexity of installation, availability of reliable power supply and frequency of use. In addition, projects of water heating systems must take into account a number of customer's personal requirements for the interior design of rooms, which not every type of piping and heating devices can satisfy.

Possible options

In order to choose the right wiring method, it makes sense to take existing heating schemes suitable for houses with two floors, and analyze the pros and cons of each of them. The following options are most often considered and implemented:

• one-pipe horizontal scheme ("Leningrad");
• one-pipe heating system of a two-story house with vertical risers and natural movement of the coolant;
• a two-pipe dead-end scheme with branches of equal length or an annular passing system with a circulation pump;
• collector circuit for heating a two-story house with forced water circulation;
• water heated floors;
• baseboard heating, also two-pipe.

The wiring options for the installation of radiators can be either open type (communicating with the atmosphere) or closed type (operating with excess pressure). For homeowners wishing to provide water heating for household needs, you should know that the heating scheme of a two-story house with a double-circuit heat generator does not differ from the wiring connected to a conventional boiler with 1 circuit. The difference lies in operation: any heating system of a two-story house with a double-circuit boiler heats water for radiators and hot water supply alternately. When the hot water tap is open, the heating of the coolant stops, the unit completely switches to DHW.

One highway: pros and cons

The single-pipe heating system of a two-storey house - the "Leningradka" scheme - consists of one main line, laid horizontally along the perimeter of the building, above the floor of each floor. Heating devices are connected to the main line with 2 ends, alternately. This type of heating network is well suited for houses where two floors occupy a small area (up to 80 m² each). There are reasons for this:

1. The coolant entering each subsequent radiator has an ever lower temperature due to the addition of chilled water from the previous batteries. Therefore, the length of the ring is limited to 4-5 heaters.
2. In order to heat well the second floor and the rooms where the last batteries are located, their heat transfer should be increased by adding sections.
3. The horizontal network of a two-story house with natural circulation should be carried out with a large slope (up to 1 cm per 1 m running pipe). The boiler is placed in a recess, and in the attic there is an expansion tank that communicates with the atmosphere.

The Leningrad distribution of heating a two-story house with forced supply of a coolant works much more stable and efficiently than by gravity. For natural circulation in a private house, it is better to make vertical risers piercing the ceilings and distributing heat to the radiators near the windows. The supply of water to the risers is carried out from a horizontal collector laid in the attic, and the return to the boiler is carried out along the same line running above the floor of the 1st floor.

As in the first case, an open expansion tank is placed in the attic of a 2-storey cottage, and the lines are laid with a slope. If the heating system is closed, then the slopes are required minimum (3 mm per linear meter of the pipe), and the membrane tank is placed in the boiler room.

Single-pipe heating wiring of a two-story house, although inexpensive to install, is complex in calculation and execution.

And not every owner will like it when large-diameter pipelines pass through part of the premises, they have to be hidden under boxes.

Optimal solution - 2 lines

The two-pipe heating system of a two-story house is good in that the coolant is directed to the heating devices through one pipe, and returns through the other. In private housing construction, 3 types of such systems are used:

• dead-end, in it the coolant reaches the last battery and flows back, the streams move towards each other;
• passing, where the supply and return flow flows in 1 direction, and the circuit is a closed ring;
• collector, characterized by an individual supply of heated water to each radiator from the distribution manifold.

All two-pipe water heating schemes for a 2-storey private house are easy to do with your own hands, this is their advantage. If the architecture of the building is not too complicated, and the area does not exceed 300 m², then the pipeline network can be assembled without preliminary calculations. The feed from the boiler is made with a pipe of 25-32 mm, branches - 20-25 mm, and connections - 16 mm. It is understood that the coolant is impelled to move by the pump. Gravity heating of a two-story house, when two large pipes pass through all the rooms, will not please anyone.

Dead-end and passing schemes are similar in installation, and when installing a collector system, pipelines will have to be laid directly to the batteries in the floor. This is an option for developers who have high requirements for the interiors of premises, since pipes will not be visible on the walls of the rooms. It can also be implemented in a private house with your own hands, although equipment and materials will cost more than with a dead-end scheme.

When installing a dead-end system, it is important that all radiators installed in two-story house, equally divided into groups in order to stretch branches of the same length to them. It is customary to do this: 2 branches on the 1st floor, two more - on the second, the supply of the coolant upward - directly from the boiler through the riser. The associated scheme is implemented differently: the supply pipeline is laid horizontally from the first to the last device, and the reverse starts from the first and goes to the boiler, collecting cooled water from all batteries. So, a ring is formed around the perimeter of the house, serving all the radiators.

Two-pipe systems are united by common advantages:

• supplying all heating devices with a coolant with the same temperature;
• reliability in work;
• the convenience of balancing, especially the passing scheme;
• the ability to effectively control the heating operation using various automation;
• simplicity of DIY installation.

Heating floor and baseboard

Pipes with hot water, laid in the floor with a calculated pitch, allow uniform heating of the premises with the entire surface flooring... From each heating circuit, whose length does not exceed 100 m, the connections converge to a manifold with a mixing unit, which provides the required flow rate of the heat carrier and its temperature within the range of + 35 ° ... + 45 ° C (maximum + 55 ° C). The collector is powered directly from the boiler by one branch and controls heating on 2 floors simultaneously. Positive sides of a warm floor:

• uniform heating of the space of the rooms;
• heating is comfortable for people, since heating comes from below;
• low water temperature saves up to 15% on energy resources;
• any level of system automation is possible - work from thermostats, weather sensors or according to the program included in the controller;
• the system with the controller can be controlled from a distance - via GSM-connection or the Internet.

Similar automatic control systems are being introduced into the collector circuit of a two-story cottage. The disadvantage of underfloor heating is the high cost of materials and installation work, which are difficult to do on your own.

Heating skirting boards are a suitable option for any private house, not just a two-story one. These heating devices in the form of large skirting boards are copper or aluminum convectors connected in a two-pipe scheme. They surround the premises around the perimeter, heating the air from all sides. Skirting heating is easy to install and meets any interior design requirement.

The basis for any heating project is a properly designed circuit. It defines the installation order, the characteristics of the components and the parameters of the entire system. This is especially true for the heat supply of a two-story cottage or summer house. The heating system of a 2-storey private house can be built according to several schemes.

Features of heating a 2-storey building

General scheme heating a 2-storey building

The specificity of the organization of heat supply to buildings with a height of more than one floor is the uniform distribution of heat energy from batteries throughout all rooms. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the question - how to make heating in a 2-storey building with optimal parameters.

A professional designer takes into account all the nuances. The best way - purchase a ready-made scheme or adapt a standard one for heating the house. When solving this problem, the following factors are taken into account:

1. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe building and its characteristics. It is possible to make heating a 2-storey private house with your own hands only with good insulation of the outer walls, the installation of modern window structures.
2. Planned budget. It affects the quality of the purchased components and the choice of the circuit.

It is possible to make effective heating of a private 2-storey house with your own hands only after the initial analysis of this data.

It is best to use a copy of a house plan as a basis for drawing up a layout of piping and system components. So you can calculate the amount supplies.

Gravity heating or forced circulation?

First of all, you need to decide on the best option for the circulation of the coolant. It can be gravitational or forced. The heating system of a 2-storey private house with medium and large area is built on the basis of the latter.

The operation of the gravitational system is based on the natural circulation of the coolant, which occurs as a result of its thermal expansion. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the restrictions - the length of the pipeline should not be more than 60 lm, for the system to work, an accelerating riser is required. It is these factors that determine the choice of a water heating scheme for a private 2-storey building with a circulation pump.

An open or closed system can also be used for heating. In the first case, heating schemes for a 2-storey building are made with horizontal piping, which is not always convenient in terms of installation and operation. The best option would be to install a closed circuit. It has the following advantages:

1. Opportunity horizontal mounting pipelines. This minimizes the space required for installation.
2. Improved circulation due to increased system pressure - from 1.5 to 6 bar.
3. Heat transfer from all devices (radiators and batteries) will be the same.

Such heating schemes for a 2-storey building must be equipped with a circulation pump. Without this, it is impossible to ensure the normal speed of movement of the coolant.

It is possible to make high-quality heating in a 2-storey building only after calculating its heat losses.

Layout of pipes for heating a two-story house

The next step is to choose a method for piping. It affects the rate of passage of the coolant, the degree of its cooling and the possibility of regulating the characteristics of heat supply.

Do-it-yourself heating design for a 2-storey private house is carried out on the basis of an analysis of all factors. Consider the most important of them that affect the choice of the layout of the supply lines:

• One-pipe. There is only one pipeline in the system, to which radiators are connected in sequential order. For one-pipe heating of a private 2-storey house with your own hands, rapid cooling of the coolant is characteristic. Therefore, it is used to heat buildings with a small area of \u200b\u200bup to 80 m²;
• Two-pipe. It is designed to distribute heat evenly. An additional return line allows the batteries to be connected in series, which reduces heat loss during the circulation of the coolant. The best option for a low-temperature heating system of a 2-storey private house;
• Collector. It can be used to create several separate heating circuits connected to one manifold. In the collector circuit of water heating of a private 2-storey building, it is possible to regulate the volume of hot water inflow in each individual circuit. The disadvantage is the large amount of materials required.

An important point is the choice of pipe material. In a closed heating circuit of a 2-storey building, it is recommended to use polypropylene mains. It is important to take into account that the maximum permissible hot water temperature should not exceed + 90 ° C.

It is also mandatory to install shut-off and safety valves. The latter include air vents, drain valves and expansion tanks.

Water or antifreeze is most often used as a heat carrier. The latter is preferable if the system is likely to be exposed to low temperatures.

Heating installation rules

Complex heat supply scheme

Having chosen the optimal heat supply scheme, you can proceed to practical implementation plan for the arrangement of a two-story house. At the first stage, the plan is adjusted and adapted for a specific cottage or summer cottage.

If the gravitational heat supply scheme was chosen as the basis, then the following rules for installing its components should be observed:

1. Mandatory pipe slope. In the supply line, the slope is carried out from the boiler, in the return - to it. On average, the slope should be 5-10 mm per 1 lm.
2. Diameter of pipelines. For a gravitational system, it is recommended to choose pipes with a large cross-section - about 40 mm. So you can reduce the effect of friction of water on the inner surface of the lines on the circulation.
3. The mount should be spaced 60-70 mm apart.

To control the degree of heating of the coolant, temperature sensors are installed in critical sections of the pipeline. The system must necessarily include a unit for adding a coolant. This is most often done through an expansion tank located at the highest point of the circuit.

Collector heating circuit

In heat supply with forced circulation, special attention is paid to the selection of additional components. In addition to pipes, radiators and a boiler, the following components must be present in the heat supply circuit:

1. Expansion tank. It is installed before the return line inlet to the boiler.
2. Safety group including air vent, drain valve and pressure gauge. Mounted on the supply line.
3. Correct piping of radiators - installation of thermostats and Mayevsky taps.

For a system with forced circulation, two-pipe or collector piping is most often chosen. A single-pipe scheme will be ineffective, since it will not be able to provide optimal heating indicators for radiators.

The design of collector heating is challenging. In this case, it is very difficult to draw up a diagram and select components on your own. Therefore, it is best to entrust this work to specialized companies.

For a collector heat supply system, a circulation pump must be installed in the piping of each manifold.

Alternative heating options for a two-story house

In some cases, installation of hot water heating is impossible or impractical. Currently, it is possible to make another type of heat supply in a 2-storey building using alternative sources of heat energy.

The most effective is geothermal heating. With the right organization, it practically does not depend on external weather conditions. If, in addition to heating a 2-storey private house, you need to do it yourself and a hot water supply system, install solar collectors.

Solar collectors in heating

IN winter period their effectiveness is low. Therefore, solar collectors work only together with the main heating system of a private two-story house. The advantage of such a scheme is the possibility of using it for heating service water in the summer.

Another option is to install a film system electric heating... Its principle of operation is based on the resistive effect - when current passes through the carbon strips, IR waves are generated. They, in turn, heat the surface of objects that fall into the area of \u200b\u200baction of the LEP. However, for such a system a prerequisite is an good thermal insulation building. The maximum possible power of the circuit is about 220 W / m². Therefore, heat losses in the house should be minimal.

All of them are characterized by the high cost of the component components. Therefore, traditional heat supply systems of a 2-storey private house with gas or solid fuel boilers.

The video shows an example of collector heating for a 2-storey building.

strojdvor.ru

Heating scheme of a two-story house - types of heating systems: two-pipe, one-pipe heating system of a 2-storey private house + Video

The optimal heating scheme for a 2-storey private house is selected taking into account many factors: efficiency, cost and complexity of installation, availability of reliable power supply and frequency of use. In addition, projects of water heating systems must take into account a number of customer's personal requirements for the interior design of rooms, which not every type of piping and heating devices can satisfy.

Possible options

In order to choose the right wiring method, it makes sense to take existing heating schemes suitable for houses with two floors, and analyze the pros and cons of each of them. The following options are most often considered and implemented:

• one-pipe horizontal scheme ("Leningrad");
• one-pipe heating system of a two-story house with vertical risers and natural movement of the coolant;
• a two-pipe dead-end scheme with branches of equal length or an annular passing system with a circulation pump;
• collector circuit for heating a two-story house with forced water circulation;
• water heated floors;
• baseboard heating, also two-pipe.

The wiring options for the installation of radiators can be either open type (communicating with the atmosphere) or closed type (operating with excess pressure). Homeowners wishing to provide water heating for household needs should be aware that the heating scheme of a two-story house with a double-circuit heat generator does not differ from the wiring supplied to a conventional boiler with 1 circuit. The difference lies in the operation: any heating system for a two-story house with a double-circuit boiler heats water for radiators and hot water supply alternately. When the hot water tap is open, the heating of the coolant stops, the unit completely switches to DHW.

One highway: pros and cons

The single-pipe heating system of a two-storey house - the "Leningradka" scheme - consists of one main line laid horizontally along the perimeter of the building, above the floor of each floor. Heating devices are connected to the main line with 2 ends, alternately. This type of heating network is well suited for houses where two floors occupy a small area (up to 80 m² each). There are reasons for this:

1. The coolant entering each subsequent radiator has an ever lower temperature due to the addition of chilled water from the previous batteries. Therefore, the length of the ring is limited to 4-5 heaters.
2. In order to heat well the second floor and the rooms where the last batteries are located, their heat transfer should be increased by adding sections.
3. The horizontal network of a two-story house with natural circulation should be carried out with a large slope (up to 1 cm per 1 m running pipe). The boiler is placed in a recess, and in the attic there is an expansion tank that communicates with the atmosphere.

The Leningrad distribution of heating a two-story house with forced supply of a coolant works much more stable and efficiently than by gravity. For natural circulation in a private house, it is better to make vertical risers piercing the ceilings and distributing heat to radiators near the windows. The supply of water to the risers is carried out from a horizontal collector laid in the attic, and the return to the boiler is carried out along the same line running above the floor of the 1st floor.

As in the first case, an open expansion tank is placed in the attic of a 2-storey cottage, and the lines are laid with a slope. If the heating system is closed, then the slopes are required minimum (3 mm per linear meter of the pipe), and the membrane tank is placed in the boiler room.

Single-pipe heating wiring of a two-story house, although inexpensive to install, is complex in calculation and execution.

And not every owner will like it when large-diameter pipelines pass through part of the premises, they have to be hidden under boxes.

Optimal solution - 2 lines

The two-pipe heating system of a two-story house is good in that the coolant is directed to the heating devices through one pipe, and returns through the other. In private housing construction, 3 types of such systems are used:

• dead-end, in it the coolant reaches the last battery and flows back, the streams move towards each other;
• passing, where the supply and return flow flows in 1 direction, and the circuit is a closed ring;
• collector, characterized by an individual supply of heated water to each radiator from the distribution manifold.

All two-pipe water heating schemes for a 2-storey private house are easy to do with your own hands, this is their advantage. If the architecture of the building is not too complicated, and the area does not exceed 300 m², then it is possible to assemble the pipeline network without preliminary calculations. The feed from the boiler is made with a pipe of 25-32 mm, branches - 20-25 mm, and connections - 16 mm. It is understood that the coolant is impelled to move by the pump. Gravity heating of a two-story house, when two large pipes pass through all the rooms, will not please anyone.

Dead-end and passing schemes are similar in installation, and when installing a collector system, pipelines will have to be laid directly to the batteries in the floor. This is an option for developers who have high requirements for the interiors of premises, since pipes will not be visible on the walls of the rooms. It can also be implemented in a private house with your own hands, although equipment and materials will cost more than with a dead-end scheme.

When arranging a dead-end system, it is important to divide all radiators installed in a two-story house equally into groups in order to stretch branches of the same length to them. It is customary to do this: 2 branches on the 1st floor, two more - on the second, the supply of the coolant upstairs - directly from the boiler through the riser. The associated scheme is implemented differently: the supply pipeline is laid horizontally from the first to the last device, and the reverse starts from the first and goes to the boiler, collecting cooled water from all batteries. So, a ring is formed around the perimeter of the house, serving all the radiators.

Two-pipe systems are united by common advantages:

• supplying all heating devices with a coolant with the same temperature;
• reliability in work;
• the convenience of balancing, especially the passing scheme;
• the ability to effectively control the heating operation using various automation;
• simplicity of DIY installation.

Heating floor and baseboard

Pipes with hot water, laid in the floor with a calculated pitch, allow uniform heating of the premises with the entire surface of the floor covering. From each heating circuit, whose length does not exceed 100 m, the connections converge to a manifold with a mixing unit, which provides the required flow rate of the heat carrier and its temperature within + 35 ° ... + 45 ° С (maximum + 55 ° С). The collector is powered directly from the boiler by one branch and controls heating on 2 floors simultaneously. Positive sides of a warm floor:

• uniform heating of the space of the rooms;
• heating is comfortable for people, since heating comes from below;
• low water temperature saves up to 15% on energy resources;
• any level of system automation is possible - work from thermostats, weather sensors or according to the program included in the controller;
• the system with the controller can be controlled from a distance - via GSM-connection or the Internet.

Similar automatic control systems are being introduced into the collector circuit of a two-story cottage. The disadvantage of underfloor heating is the high cost of materials and installation work, which are difficult to do on your own.

Heating skirting boards are a suitable option for any private house, not just a two-story one. These heaters in the form of large skirting boards are copper or aluminum convectors connected in a two-pipe scheme. They surround the premises around the perimeter, heating the air from all sides. Skirting heating is easy to install and meets any interior design requirement.

pikucha.ru

Heating a two-story private house with your own hands - schemes

Two-storey houses require a special approach to the design and installation of heating systems. Here it is necessary to take into account the large length of pipelines, a large number of radiators, the height of the building and many other factors. What is the optimal heating scheme for a 2-storey private house? Let's try to answer this question as part of our review. In it we will consider:

• Use of one-pipe and two-pipe heating systems;
• The benefits of open and closed systems;
• Location of expansion tanks;
• Radiator connection diagrams.

We will also select the best and most optimal schemes that will allow you to build high-quality and efficient heating in a two-story house.

Two-storey houses can have a very different area, ranging from several dozen to hundreds square meters... They also differ in the location of the rooms, the presence of outbuildings and heated verandas, the position to the cardinal points. Focusing on these and many other factors, one should decide on the natural or forced circulation of the coolant.

Simple circuit circulation of the coolant in a private house with a natural circulation heating system.

Heating schemes with natural circulation of the coolant are distinguished by their simplicity. Here, the coolant moves through the pipes on its own, without the help of a circulation pump - under the influence of heat, it rises up, enters the pipes, is distributed over the radiators, cools down and enters the return pipe to go back to the boiler. That is, the coolant moves by gravity, obeying the laws of physics.

The heating system of a two-story private house, created using natural circulation, should provide for a limited length of pipelines - the length of horizontal sections should not exceed 30 meters. Otherwise, the natural hydraulic pressure is simply not enough to circulate the heated coolant. Also, its flow will be influenced by unnecessary pipe bends and additional fittings.

If your home is small enough, you can get by with natural circulation heating. As for heating a large area, it is better to use forced circulation using a special pump. The advantages of such systems:

Scheme of a closed two-pipe heating system of a two-story house with forced circulation

• More even heating of the entire household;
• Significantly large length of horizontal sections (depending on the power of the pump used, it can reach several hundred meters);
• Possibility of more efficient connection of radiators (for example, by diagonal pattern);
• Possibility of installing additional fittings and bends without the risk of pressure drop below the minimum limit.

Thus, in modern two-story houses, it is best to use forced circulation heating systems. It is also possible to install a bypass, which will help you choose between forced or natural circulation in order to choose the most optimal option. We are making a choice towards compulsory systems as more effective.

Forced circulation has a couple of disadvantages - the need to purchase a circulation pump and the increased noise level associated with its operation.

One-pipe heating system of open type with forced circulation. The expansion tank should be at the highest point.

When creating heating in a two-story private house with your own hands, you need to think about the location of the expansion tank. If you plan to create an open system, then the tank is installed at the highest point of the heating system. Most often it sits on the tops of vertical sections to effectively remove air bubbles. Sometimes it is also placed on the return pipe, but such a scheme does not provide air removal and forces the installation of additional pipes.

Closed heating systems use:

• Sealed expansion tanks;
• Air vents;
• Safety valves;
• Thermomanometers.

Sealed tanks are hollow metal constructions with flexible inner divider. This partition bends and takes over part of the coolant that has expanded during heating. The heating system remains completely sealed. The air is removed through a special air vent, and if an excess pressure is detected, it will be released through a safety valve.

Open heating systems do not require the installation of air ducts and safety valves, but they do require the installation of a tank at the very top. As for closed systems, here the tank is placed near the heating boiler, together with the "safety group". As a result, the cost of creating heating in a two-story private house increases, but residents have the opportunity to create heating with an anti-freeze coolant.

In open heating systems, the use of heat carriers other than water is quite problematic. Therefore, we make a choice in favor of closed systems, the installation of which will not cause huge additional costs.

In a two-pipe heating system, in contrast to a one-pipe heating system, all radiators have the same temperature and heat the house evenly.

The design of heating a private two-story house makes you think about choosing a one-pipe or two-pipe scheme. Single-pipe systems are easier to install, but they have one important drawback - the temperature of the coolant in the last radiator will be very low, so the room farthest from the boiler will be cold, which is very bad.

In one-pipe systems, radiators are connected according to the lower scheme, when the coolant enters from one side and leaves from the other side. If the house is not very large, and you want to save money and lay a one-pipe system, we recommend the "Leningradka" connection diagram - it involves the creation of a jumper between the entrance and exit. As a result, part of the hot coolant will flow further along the jumper, and some will go to the radiator. This will distribute the heat more evenly.

The scheme of a gravity heating system of a two-story private house, using a one-pipe system, may include the use of a circulation pump. As a result, we get a fairly efficient one-pipe heating with an even distribution of heat. You can go even further by using the "Leningrad" and the circulation pump at the same time.

Heating projects for a private two-story house most often involve the creation of two-pipe systems with diagonal or side connection of radiators. The improved scheme even provides for a separate supply of the heated coolant to the first and second floors, without bypassing two floors at once. It also includes the installation of fittings for the possible shutdown of the radiators of the heating system - due to this, the possibility of individual temperature control in separate rooms.

Considering the heating schemes of a two-story private house for do-it-yourself installation, it can be noted that some experts use double schemes - one-pipe and two-pipe sections are mounted here. For example, if there is a small room with a small radiator along the path of the coolant, then one pipe can pass through it.

Diagram of a collector heating system with forced circulation of the coolant.

We have already said that it is best to supply water to the floors by separate routes - if necessary, one of them can be quickly shut off and the heat supply limited. A completely economical scheme is also possible, when horizontal pipes pass only along the first floor, and heat is supplied to the upper floor by constructing vertical risers for each heating battery (or part of the batteries).

The following scheme provides for the installation of a kind of collector in the attic. One vertical pipe rises there, supplying a hot coolant to this collector. After that, it is distributed by gravity over the radiators, flowing from top to bottom. The feasibility of using such a scheme is determined by a heating engineer, and its essence lies in the uniform distribution of heat and savings on pipes.

The collector circuit is interesting in that it is one-pipe and two-pipe at the same time, combining the advantages of both systems.

The final choice of the optimal heating scheme for a two-story private house lies with you. But remember that the more nodes it contains, the higher the complexity of the system and the lower its reliability. Also, complex schemes provide for more complex calculations of the parameters of heating systems. For our part, we recommend staying on a two-pipe closed system with diagonal or side connection of radiators, as well as with forced circulation.

remont-system.ru

Heating scheme for a 2-storey private house: wiring system "warm" floor, examples of projects with your own hands

In order to make heating of residential and auxiliary premises in a private two-story house, it is necessary to correctly and competently approach this matter. And the owner of the facility will have to choose the most optimal option based on his own capabilities and the type of fuel that is available in the area where he lives.

Often, preference is given to a water heating system, and recently it has become increasingly popular air heating... As a basis, one should take a typical heating scheme for a two-story house, and already alter it to fit the needs of the existing facility. In this case, you will need to turn to the services of specialists, since making changes to the project with your own hands is not an easy task, and attempts to do something on your own can turn into serious problems during operation in the future.

So that you understand - the heating system is a whole complex, which includes a boiler, pipelines, heating radiators, fittings, various control sensors, etc. Only the right combination of these elements and the optimal heating scheme will provide a comfortable microclimate in the premises, and thereby reduce the cost of heating the entire house as a whole.

What heating schemes are there?

Heating systems can divided into several types:

• one-pipe and two-pipe;
• with bottom and top wiring;
• with horizontal and vertical risers;
• with dead-end and main water traffic;
• with forced and natural circulation.

For heating two-story houses the most optimal would be the last option, which requires a boiler, a manifold, a pipeline, heating devices and an expansion tank. The pump circulates water. The type of fuel for the boiler does not matter - it can be coal, gas, wood or electricity. If you have a gas pipeline nearby, then ideally it would be to install a gas boiler, since this is the most economical unit.

Wiring systems for two-story houses

For heating two-story houses, you can use one-, two-pipe and collector wiring. If you choose a project with a one-pipe system, then adjusting the temperature in the rooms will be a rather difficult task, since it is impossible to shut off one of the radiators while the other devices are operating. It implies sequential circulation of the coolant from the device to the device.

As for the two-pipe, it is more versatile and ideal for heating a private two-story house. The implementation of such a system is simple - two pipes are connected to each device of the heating system - one of them is responsible for supplying hot water, and the second one is cooled down. But unlike a one-pipe system, such a scheme differs in the order of connecting heating units, and therefore, in order to increase its efficiency, experts recommend installing a regulating tank in front of each radiator.

Regardless of the size of the house, for a 2-storey building, there will be enough distance between the top point of the supply line and the center to ensure normal water circulation. Thus, the installation of an expansion tank will be possible not only in the attic, but also on the upper floor. The pipes themselves can be mounted under windowsills or ceilings.

In addition, a two-pipe system with a circulation pump allows you to also implement a "warm" floor system, as well as connect heated towel rails on each floor and other devices of this class. But more about them later.

Where should the expansion tank be located?

This is one of the most common questions, especially for those who plan to make heating in a private house with their own hands. For example, if your house has a basement or an attic, then it will be possible to make a heating system with both upper and lower piping. But there are a few points:

• with lower piping, the tank should be installed in the basement, from where water will be supplied to the system through a pump;
• if the piping is top, then the boiler must be marked in the attic, and from there hot water will flow along the riser to the heating batteries.

Approximate wiring diagram for a two-story house

Let's look at an example of a hot water heating scheme for a typical two-story building, where manual temperature control will be provided in each room. Such a system is mounted using a horizontal installation of two pipes, and heating radiators will have a side connection.

It is advisable to use pipes made of metal-plastic, since they are characterized by high strength and durability. For the installation of metal-plastic pipes, no special skills are required, and therefore all the work can be done by hand. Among their advantages are the following:

• corrosion resistance;
• there are almost never blockages in polymer products;
• affordable price;
• all work is carried out using threaded and press connections, and no special soldering iron is required.

The only disadvantage is the high coefficient of thermal expansion, which can cause leaks in case of improper installation and operation.

Of course, no one forbids the use of polypropylene pipes, but in the case of them, you will need a special soldering iron of considerable exposure, since in no case should you make mistakes when soldering.

Steel pipes are practically unclaimed for the organization of heating in private houses, since the material is extremely unstable to corrosion. In some cases, galvanized or stainless steel pipes can be used, and threaded connections are used to connect them, but such work requires appropriate skills and equipment. If you have enough money, you can buy copper pipes that will also serve your grandchildren and great-grandchildren.

When drawing up a heating project for a two-story house, you should carefully calculate the required number of adjustable, corner and connecting elements of the system, as well as mark the installation locations of plugs with taps. Similarly, the number of radiators and their sections should be determined. At the same time, do not forget about the mounting brackets for installing radiators, which can be calculated by determining its dimensions.

The diagram must include the installation locations of the expansion tank, pump and the boiler itself. As mentioned above, you can choose any boiler, but you need to be guided by what fuel is most in demand in your area and, of course, your own capabilities. Gas has traditionally been used in new homes for a long time, since solid fuels have a low environmental footprint.

If the dimensions of the boiler are small, then it is quite possible to place it right in the house, for example, in a storeroom or workshop. Modern boilers can be hung directly on the wall, which saves a lot of space. It is not recommended to install it in bedrooms or other living areas as it can generate noise during operation. For large-sized boilers, a separate room or even an entire extension near the house should be equipped.

Collector systems

For heating two-story houses, you can also use a collector system on a two-pipe basis. In this case, it is assumed that the supply and return collectors are installed in special cabinets. The supply manifold will collect and distribute hot water to the radiator through pipes running along the walls. The main advantage is the possibility of hidden installation of all systems Also, their advantages include the fact that installation work can be done by hand even without special skills.

The heating itself can be carried out both on two floors, and on one, while the boiler is installed on the first floor, and on the second - an expansion tank. Hot water pipes are installed under windowsills or ceilings, and each radiator must have a separate control valve.

Each radiator is connected to a manifold, i.e. the heating system will be with forced circulation of water, which will minimize the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet, and significantly simplify the system, making it more compact, which will significantly save on materials. Ball valves allow you to exclude any radiator from the system without disrupting the operation of the heating system as a whole. In fact, with a collector system, each heating circuit is independent, and, if necessary, can be equipped with its own pump, taps and automation.

"Warm floor

For a rational distribution of heat when heating a 2-storey building, it is worth including a "warm" floor in the scheme and system. As you know, warm air rises upwards, while cold air remains below. Accordingly, such a system will help trap warm air below, and not uselessly give it to the roof.

The installation of the system should be carried out already during a major overhaul, since the pipes are laid in a cement-sand screed. Of course, this can also be done after, using heat distribution plates made of aluminum, which ensure uniform heating of the floor. Accordingly, for warm floors on one floor in several rooms, collector connection, which was mentioned above. Among the advantages of such a system is the following:

• rational distribution of heat;
• comfort in the winter;
• low water temperature required for system operation.



Heating in a private house with gas

Two-story houses and houses with an attic are popular. Heating schemes for such houses have been developed by specialists for a long time, have been tested many times, their main points migrate from project to project.

Guided by the project, it is not difficult to create heating in a two-story house. But what if there is no project?

Heating a two-story house is so simple that "artisans" make it, designing literally "on the go." Applying typical schemes, techniques, methods that allow you to create the right heating.

There are no particular obstacles to making heating in a two-story house with your own hands. Or to manage the work of "someone else's hands" yourself. All the heating installation work performed is not complicated.

First of all, it is important to prevent cardinal "blunders and lapses". Then the system in a two-story house will work correctly and stably. What should be considered first of all ...

What not to do when installing heating in a two-story house

First of all, you should be guided by modern ideas.

• Heating circuits should be conventional two-pipe.
  Consistent, One-pipe, Samotechnaya, "every kind of Leningradka" - they fly into the trash can. All this archaism has very significant drawbacks, first of all, it will require more money to create, and at the same time it will not work normally.
• One should not trust the "radiator businessmen" who try to complicate things, talk about problems and draw intricate patterns. Heating is very simple. As a rule, a hydro arrow is not needed.

  The wiring will be the simplest if there is a usual set for a two-story house - one boiler (including one reserve), and 3 consumers - an indirect heating boiler, underfloor heating, a radiator system.

Boiler placement and boiler room equipment

The gas boiler is installed in accordance with the gasification project. Solid fuel - to conveniently remove a high chimney. In any case, the equipment is noisy. It is placed in a separate room - furnace.

The gas boiler is automated, it can also control an indirect heating boiler.
The usual scheme of connections to an automated gas boiler with 4 outlets (there can be 3 outlets or 2 outlets - you must use the manufacturer's diagrams).

Connection diagram for a floor-standing gas boiler with an external pump

A solid fuel boiler requires the installation of a pump, a safety group, a mixing unit. All this forms a strapping of a solid fuel boiler -

What pump is needed and pipe diameters

A common question when self-creation heating in the house (including a two-story one), what kind of circulation pump is needed for the radiator system. The choice is simple - either a pump 25-40 (0.4 atm.), Or 25-60 (0.6 atm.).

For areas heated by radiators up to 170 sq. M. suitable 25-40. If the area is within 170 - 260 sq. - 25-60. If more than 260 m - 25-80. You should not take a pump with a margin, it only leads to unnecessary waste of money and can lead to noise in the heating system.

Automated boilers are supplied with a built-in pump

Pipeline diameters (internal) for a private house are indicated in the diagram.

From the boiler to the first branch - 25 mm. On the branches on the floor - 20 mm, separate connections, radiators (up to 2 pcs.) - 16 mm.
Polypropylene foam is characterized by the outer diameter, taking into account the wall thickness, - 32, 25, 20 (mm).

Generalized heating scheme for a two-story house

Within one floor, the layout of the heating pipeline can be chosen whatever:

• dead-end, two arms up to 5 radiators in each,
• passing, usually when the number of radiators is more than 10 pcs.,
• beam, at the whim of the creator (customer), if it is impossible to lay pipes along the walls, but the possibility of laying under the floor ...

For example, the diagram shows 3 floors and two-pipe heating schemes:
- 1st floor - dead end,
- 2nd floor - passing;
- 3rd floor - radial.

System balancing

It is important to install balancing valves:

• on the return flow of the second floor to adjust it relative to the first (the second floor, as a rule, requires less energy);
• on each shoulder of a dead-end scheme;
• on each branch of the beam (collector) circuit;
• on each radiator on the return (on the supply - a thermal head with an automated boiler or a shut-off valve).

Also, all equipment is connected through ball valves (or balancing), for the possibility of dismantling.

Air evacuation, draining, slopes

When creating heating in a two-story house, it is important to make the required pipe slopes.

An air vent is installed at the highest point of each riser (the riser is also an excellent separator - collector of air bubbles).

Also, air vents (Mayevsky taps) are supplied to all radiators that are installed horizontally or with a slight elevation to the Mayevsky tap (reverse slope is not allowed).

At the lowest point of the entire pipe system, on the return line at the boiler, a drain valve is made and the possibility of releasing water into the sewer or a container in the basement ...

Slopes of all pipes are made to the riser and can be minimal.
The last radiator in a dead-end scheme is above the others. In a circular passing scheme, the highest point in the ring is chosen arbitrarily - lowering (draining) to the riser.

Reverse slopes, U-shaped bypasses, for example, for a door, etc., are unacceptable. If problems arise with ensuring one slope due to obstacles, room configurations, then, as a rule, a different radiator connection scheme is chosen.

Type of piping and radiators

It is known that the pressure in individual heating of a house or apartment does not exceed 4 atm. (the safety valve works at 3.5 atm.).

Liquid, mainly water, in a volume of 50-150 liters is poured into the heating system once, which minimizes the presence of abrasives and salts. As a rule, for a two-story private house the best choice for price and quality are aluminum sectional radiators.

The photo shows the connection of an aluminum radiator with a polypropylene pipeline with the installation of throttle valves in a dead-end wiring diagram.

Their characteristics are sufficient for long-term trouble-free operation in these conditions. But it is also possible to install panel steel.

The so-called programs for calculating heat loss at home, calculators, cannot be more accurate than approximate calculations of heat loss for the area of \u200b\u200bthe house.

The fact is that the consumer cannot accurately specify the data - how much energy goes out with ventilation (the main heat loss) and how much comes with sunlight through the windows (a very significant inflow), etc. He cannot specify exactly the characteristics of the layers in the structures. Therefore, all "heat calculators" are unsuitable for accurate objective calculations.

But special accuracy is not required when selecting the power of radiators. So for low-temperature heating (recommended), you need to take the number of sections with a large margin plus.

Heating pipes

Many craftsmen recommend polypropylene pipes for heating, including for a two-story house. But assembly companies that value their reputation will not take on polypropylene. The reason is the inability to control the quality of joints, as well as to make this joint according to the standard. What will be the section at the end of the pipe, how many sagging will be inside when the weld will flow ... - the will of the installer's trembling hand will do everything ...

A metal-plastic pipeline, for example, is delivered with a guarantee. The pipes themselves are thinner, joints, configurations are even, aesthetic.

Whether it is worth taking on metal-plastic, putting aside cheap polypropylene - the customers decide, in accordance with the vision of the prospects and measuring the thickness of the bag with money.

DIY installation

If you really do not know how to "hold a hammer in your hands," then you should not take on the creation of heating a two-story house with your own hands. We'll have to execute processes:

• set the level of the location of radiators, pipelines, find attachment points;
• drill many holes, incl. and large diameter for pipes;
• connect threaded connections with linen tow with grease,
• mark the position of fittings, cut, pipes along the length, join (weld) pipelines
• carry out concrete, plastering work.
• designing, drawing a wiring diagram, calculating ...