Self-creation of a table for a drilling machine. Algorithm for making a do-it-yourself coordinate table for beginners Cross table for a do-it-yourself milling machine

Device from Victor Travelller - coordinate table for drilling machine... As I understood from the description, it can perform two functions. Firstly, with him you no longer need to rearrange the vice by unscrewing and tightening the nuts, which is somewhat annoying)))) And secondly, replacing the drill with a carbide cutter and gradually feeding the workpiece under the tool, you can mill grooves in the metal various shapes... But more on that later, first about the device.

Table parameters:

• Length 350 mm
• width 350 mm
• thickness - 65 mm.
• The total length of the rails is 300mm.
• Accuracy about 0.1mm
• The travel of each carriage is 94mm. (With these geometrical parameters it was possible and 105mm, but it was too lazy to saw off the washers)
• Loading capacity up to 15 kg (although this parameter is more limited by the drill table itself)

For the manufacture of the stand, structural wear-resistant tool profiles of the St1-St-3 brands were required (it could be worse), A 20x20 profile with a thickness of 2 mm was used. similar fasteners and bearings.

"Explosion-scheme":

The centerpiece of the entire table is the crosspiece. All the rest of the details can be done almost like a blunder, but you have to try with it, because if it is distorted, then the whole table will be covered. It is advisable to use welding (eg spot welding).

Using the already welded cross as a template, we assemble the carriages, which are U-shaped parts.

M10 nuts are inserted into the profile, after a slight modification with a file.

On M10 studs, we assemble the handles with the bearing assembly.

We weld U-shaped bases from the corner. We assemble the entire circuit on the bolts screwed into the previously pressed nuts.

The studs are tightened between the bearings using nuts, which allows you to remove clearances in the bearings, and at the same time clearances in screw-nut pairs. In this case, when the entire circuit is pulled to the center, vertical backlashes are removed.

The sequence of fastening assemblies with bearings is schematically represented as follows.

The assembled table looks like this. All components and moving parts should be well lubricated.

We attach the assembled table to the bed of the drilling machine,
and on it (through a plywood gasket - you can do without it) a vice. The veneer, by the way, will protect the lubricated elements from chips falling into them.

Now let's talk about the capabilities of this device. Firstly, when drilling parts, you do not need to twist the vice from place to place, just twist the handles.

Secondly, by rotating the handles under load, you can milling metal parts, including along a rather complex path.

Here's another example of milling. Up to a millimeter of material can be removed in one pass.

Thirdly, such a modernized machine can be used for turning work. The cutter is fixed in a vice, and the workpiece rotates in the chuck.

In general, spending relatively little time and money, we can get an excellent, multifunctional device at the output, which significantly expands the capabilities of the drilling machine.

The efficiency and accuracy of machining a part largely depends on the quality of the machine. Correctly selected mechanism serves as a guarantee of product compliance with all specified standards and tolerances. The XY table plays an important role in adhering to the drilling technology.

Concept and types

The table is a manipulator for fixing the workpiece to be processed. Outwardly, it looks like a plate with the ability to fix the part using:

• mechanical method;
• vacuum method;
• own weight of the workpiece.

Products are available with one, two and three degrees of freedom. This means that the feed is carried out in the X, Y, Z coordinates. For drilling flat parts, horizontal movements are sufficient. With a bulky product or a fixed drill, vertical movement of the table is necessary.

For large industrial drilling machines, long coordinate platforms are manufactured. They are equipped with their own installation cage. On such a device, both the part and the processing unit itself are mounted. The table for small machines is made to be attached to the device or to the surface of the workbench.

By setting the table in motion, the structure can be:

• mechanical;
• electric;

The latter type is the most accurate, but the cost of such a device is significant.

Manufacturing of load-bearing elements

Materials for the manufacture of the table frame are:

• cast iron;
• metal;
• aluminum.

The latter material is used for circuits with low loads and low torsional forces. This option is acceptable when drilling wood or plastic.

Drawn aluminum frame profile, mounted on threaded connections. Thus, a solid foundation is obtained. Advantages of the material in:

• low weight;
• availability;
• ease of installation.

Many companies produce ready-made kits for assembling tables with their own hands.

Cast base structures are often cast iron. Their weight is significant, but the efforts that they are able to withstand are quite high. Such tables are used for large production volumes. Installation is carried out on the foundation, stationary.

The welded bed is the best option both for production facilities and for home use. The main thing is to reduce the weld stresses of the metal by releasing when welding with your own hands. Otherwise, when the engine picks up speed, cracks may appear in the frame.

For drilling machines, two technological table schemes are used:

• cross;
• portal.

The first is used for bulk workpieces. It makes it possible to carry out other manipulations over the fixed workpiece. Access to the part with such a scheme is provided from three sides.

The gantry scheme is used when drilling flat products. It is easier to manufacture and more precise.

Selecting guides

From the right choice and fixing the guides of the table surface movement depends on the accuracy of processing. Rail and cylindrical elements are used. They are produced with a carriage superstructure and mounted bearing units.

The choice of the type of table guides depends on the type of drive. The part in question works to overcome the frictional force. If high accuracy in movement is required, it is better to choose sleeve bearings. Rolling bearings reduce friction but create a large amount of play.

By carriage type, guides are:

• with enlarged flange, for attachment to the bottom of the table;
• flangeless for conventional attachment to top threaded holes.

When making your own hands, you can order rails with a stainless steel coating. They have a longer service life and longer abrasion resistance.

Types of gears for table movement

With a small bench machine the table is moved mechanically... But the more speed, accuracy and productivity are required, the more carefully the type of drive is selected. Electric motors are mainly used.

The essence of the unit's work is to convert the rotational work of the engine into the translational motion of the table plane. There are three types of transmissions:

• rack and pinion;
• belt;
• ball screw.

The choice of the node type is made based on:

• workpiece movement speed;
• machine engine power;
• the required processing accuracy.

Precision machining with different transmission units

Advantages of the ball screw:

• the possibility of high-precision processing;
• small backlash;
• smooth movement of the table;
• noiselessness of work;
• the ability to take heavy loads.

A significant disadvantage is the limited feed rate. The decrease in speed is especially evident when the propeller length is more than 1500 mm. Approximate speed calculation: for a 1 kW drive, the rotation speed is 3000 rpm. With a screw pitch of 10 mm, the transmission speed is 0.5 m / s. In this case, 3 meters will be covered in 6 seconds.

Another disadvantage is the high cost. You can reduce the cost of the project by using a connection with a screw and nut. In this case, it is necessary to ensure constant lubrication of the unit.

In the new generation drilling machines, the sliding mechanisms of the coordinate surface are lubricated automatically. The device has built-in temperature control sensors for important parts.

The rack and pinion transmission provides high speed and sufficient accuracy. The disadvantage is the high degree of backlash when transferring forces from the drive.

Installing a belt is the most budgetary and common way when creating a table with your own hands. The low cost of the belt drive and the feed rate up to 1 m / s are compensated by the following disadvantages:

• rapid wear;
• loss of tension due to stretching;
• the possibility of breakage during acceleration;
• low accuracy of work.

When buying a coordinate table for drilling or DIY installation, you need to take into account the working conditions. The ratio of all mechanisms in terms of parameters: load, service life, heating and cooling, will give a good result during operation. This is especially important when self-production from scrap materials.

The efficiency and accuracy of machining a part largely depends on the quality of the machine. Correctly selected mechanism serves as a guarantee of product compliance with all specified standards and tolerances. The XY table plays an important role in adhering to the drilling technology.

Concept and types

The table is a manipulator for fixing the workpiece to be processed. Outwardly, it looks like a plate with the ability to fix the part using:

• mechanical method;
• vacuum method;
• own weight of the workpiece.

Products are available with one, two and three degrees of freedom. This means that the feed is carried out in the X, Y, Z coordinates. For drilling flat parts, horizontal movements are sufficient. With a bulky product or a fixed drill, vertical movement of the table is necessary.

For large industrial drilling machines, long coordinate platforms are manufactured. They are equipped with their own installation cage. On such a device, both the part and the processing unit itself are mounted. The table for small machines is made to be attached to the device or to the surface of the workbench.

By setting the table in motion, the structure can be:

• mechanical;
• electric;

The latter type is the most accurate, but the cost of such a device is significant.

Manufacturing of load-bearing elements

Materials for the manufacture of the table frame are:

The latter material is used for circuits with low loads and low torsional forces. This option is acceptable when drilling wood or plastic.

Drawn aluminum frame profile, mounted on threaded connections. Thus, a solid foundation is obtained. Advantages of the material in:

• low weight;
• availability;
• ease of installation.

Many companies produce ready-made kits for assembling tables with their own hands.

Drilling machine with cross table

Cast base structures are often cast iron. Their weight is significant, but the efforts that they are able to withstand are quite high. Such tables are used for large production volumes. Installation is carried out on the foundation, stationary.

The welded bed is the best option for both production facilities and home use. The main thing is to reduce the weld stresses of the metal by releasing when welding with your own hands. Otherwise, when the engine picks up speed, cracks may appear in the frame.

For drilling machines, two technological table schemes are used:

Drilling machine with gantry table

The first is used for bulk workpieces. It makes it possible to carry out other manipulations over the fixed workpiece. Access to the part with such a scheme is provided from three sides.

The gantry scheme is used when drilling flat products. It is easier to manufacture and more precise.

Selecting guides

The accuracy of processing depends on the correct choice and fastening of the guides for the movement of the table surface. Rail and cylindrical elements are used. They are produced with a carriage superstructure and mounted bearing units.

The choice of the type of table guides depends on the type of drive. The part in question works to overcome the frictional force. If high accuracy in movement is required, it is better to choose sleeve bearings. Rolling bearings reduce friction but create a large amount of play.

By carriage type, guides are:

• with enlarged flange, for attachment to the bottom of the table;
• flangeless for conventional attachment to top threaded holes.

When making your own hands, you can order rails with a stainless steel coating. They have a longer service life and longer abrasion resistance.

Types of gears for table movement

With a small table-top machine, the table is moved mechanically. But the more speed, accuracy and productivity are required, the more carefully the type of drive is selected. Electric motors are mainly used.

The essence of the unit's work is to convert the rotational work of the engine into the translational motion of the table plane. There are three types of transmissions:

• rack and pinion;
• belt;
• ball screw.

The choice of the node type is made based on:

• workpiece movement speed;
• machine engine power;
• the required processing accuracy.

Precision machining with different transmission units

Advantages of the ball screw:

• the possibility of high-precision processing;
• small backlash;
• smooth movement of the table;
• noiselessness of work;
• the ability to take heavy loads.

Ball screw drawing

A significant disadvantage is the limited feed rate. The decrease in speed is especially evident when the propeller length is more than 1500 mm. Approximate speed calculation: for a 1 kW drive, the rotation speed is 3000 rpm. With a screw pitch of 10 mm, the transmission speed is 0.5 m / s. In this case, 3 meters will be covered in 6 seconds.

Another disadvantage is the high cost. You can reduce the cost of the project by using a connection with a screw and nut. In this case, it is necessary to ensure constant lubrication of the unit.

In the new generation drilling machines, the sliding mechanisms of the coordinate surface are lubricated automatically. The device has built-in temperature control sensors for important parts.

The rack and pinion transmission provides high speed and sufficient accuracy. The disadvantage is the high degree of backlash when transferring forces from the drive.

Installing a belt is the most budgetary and common way when creating a table with your own hands. The low cost of the belt drive and the feed rate up to 1 m / s are compensated by the following disadvantages:

• rapid wear;
• loss of tension due to stretching;
• the possibility of breakage during acceleration;
• low accuracy of work.

When buying a coordinate table for drilling or DIY installation, you need to take into account the working conditions. The ratio of all mechanisms in terms of parameters: load, service life, heating and cooling, will give a good result during operation. This is especially important when making it yourself from scrap materials.

Drawings and examples of homemade models

Factory model overview and comparison

KT70 KT150 G-5757 KRS-475

stanokgid.ru

How to make a coordinate table with your own hands

The quality of processing often depends on the correct location of all structural elements. It is quite difficult to choose the right mechanism according to all norms and tolerances. An important element in the design of metal processing equipment can be called a coordinate table. It is used when processing on drilling, milling equipment for precise positioning of the workpiece during its processing.

Homemade XY table

Equipment definition

Coordinate table - a manipulator that is used to fix the workpiece to be processed. There are several options for the execution of machine tables:

1. vacuum fastening method - it is used quite rarely due to the complexity of the design;
2. the mechanical type of fastening is simple to perform, you can do it yourself quickly enough;
3. fastening due to the weight of the workpiece. When using a drilling machine, workpieces of large mass can be processed. Due to its weight, the base piece stays in place even under strong impact.

There are positioning with one, two, three degrees of freedom. This moment determines that the feed of the workpiece can be carried out in three different coordinates. When drilling a flat product, it is enough to move it along just one horizontal plane.

We can conditionally distinguish two main types:

1. Large dimensions. A large coordinate table is created taking into account the fact that the equipment itself, as well as the workpiece, will be installed on it.
2. Small table overall dimensions mounted on the equipment bed.

There are several control mechanisms by which the XY table changes its position:

1. The mechanical drive is quite common. You can make it for a drilling machine with your own hands to establish small-scale production.
2. An electric drive is installed for a drilling machine quite often. It is quite difficult to make it with your own hands, since you need to maintain high precision during manufacture. For automatic movement, the XY table must have its own power supply.
3. Another separate group can be called a mechanism that works from numerical control.

You can do it yourself with a small coordinate table with a mechanical drive.

Homemade options production

When manufacturing, you should initially choose the material of manufacture:

1. Cast iron is an expensive, heavy, brittle material. It is rarely used in the manufacture of a drilling machine.
2. Steel is a strong, hard, durable metal that also has a fairly high cost. Steel can be called the most attractive material.
3. Aluminum is lightweight, low-melting, but expensive and soft material. It is quite simple to use it in the manufacture of any parts for the machine. As a rule, mini equipment is created using this alloy.

The above materials are selected for a full or mini machine.

Manufacturing of guides

The accuracy of processing depends on the correct choice of guides. You can make the following designs with your own hands:

1. rail;
2. cylindrical.

They are created with a carriage and bearing assemblies. The choice of guides can be carried out depending on the type of drive. Plain bearings are used to achieve the highest machining accuracy. In the case of using a rolling bearing, friction is significantly reduced and the service life of the device is increased, but a significant backlash appears, which reduces the processing accuracy.

Rail track design

There are two types of rail carriage:

1. with increased flange dimensions, which allows mounting from the bottom of the table;
2. the flangeless design is fastened from above using the threaded method.

Note the moment that homemade option the version of the guide should be closed with stainless steel. Stainless coated steel can withstand exposure to high humidity for a long time.

Drive types

When creating a small machine, a power-fed XY table is often installed. However, there are many types of drives, the choice of which is carried out according to the following criteria:

1. processing speed;
2. positioning accuracy;
3. equipment performance.

In most cases, an electric drive is chosen, during the creation of which the motor is installed.

The essence of this mechanism is to convert rotation into reciprocating motion. The following types of gears are distinguished for the design under consideration:

1. belt;
2. ball screw;
3. rack and pinion.

When creating a drive, a belt drive is often chosen. Homemade mechanism the belt type is cheaper than others, but the belt quickly wears out and stretches. Also, belt slippage determines the low accuracy of the moving element. All elements of the coordinate steel are connected by a welded method. In this case, the threaded method of connecting certain parts is also used.

Ball screw

In conclusion, it should be noted that homemade construction suitable exclusively for household equipment, since it is practically impossible to achieve the accuracy that industrial models have.

If you find an error, please select a piece of text and press Ctrl + Enter.

stankiexpert.ru

Self-creation of a table for a drilling machine

The coordinate table for the drilling machine helps to make the unit work accurate, smoothly move the workpiece to the desired position, avoid jumps, twisting the part. The efficiency of work on a machine of any type is significantly increased when using a coordinate table, especially one made by hand.

The XY table makes drilling faster, easier and more accurate, and if a person has a set of tools and materials at hand, such equipment is easy to do on their own.

Types and purpose

Tables for drilling machines are of several different types, can be made of various materials and operate on principles different from each other. This is a simple locking device, with the help of which the workpiece is fixed in the required position.

Coordinate table model

With the help of a table during processing, the part is able to change its position and angle, manipulation allows you to perform different types of processing without removing or moving the part. Equipment fixing methods are as follows:

• using vacuum and differential pressure;
• mechanical devices;
• the part is held on the table by itself due to its large weight.

For amateurs who are going to make a table for a drilling machine with their own hands, the second fixation option is most suitable.

The workpiece to be clamped in different installations has an unequal number of degrees of freedom - two or three. In the first case, it is able to move only along the X and Y coordinates, in the second case, the ability to move up, down or along the Z coordinate is added. For home use, two degrees of freedom are sufficient.

Equipment use

Before starting to operate the coordinate base, the master must study the safety rules, the features of the equipment, as well as the requirements for lighting in the room where the work is taking place.

The table is brought into action in the main ways:

• mechanical movement;
• use of an electric drive;
• installation of CNC equipment.

The first or second option, when implementing it yourself, will be the most suitable.

Separately, it is worth mentioning such design options as a rotary table and a cross.

The first is able to rotate around its own axis and is the most convenient option if you need to machine parts with axial symmetry, round and disc-shaped workpieces.

A cross-head drill table is more common in daily use and provides the ability to move the workpiece in two directions: X and Y.

Base material

Before starting to create a device, you need to think about which materials and parts to use. Preliminary preparation is necessary so that they can give the future creation the following characteristics:

• Normal working weight, so that one person can work with such a table without noticeable difficulty.
• Simplicity and versatility of installation. A good product must fit different types drilling equipment.
• Maximum savings in manufacturing costs. If the development turns out to be too expensive, wouldn't it be easier to buy a ready-made item?

Most often, these requirements are met by such common and economical options:

• steel;
• metal;
• cast iron;
• aluminum;
• duralumin.

If the table is needed mainly for drilling soft materials (wood, plastic), then aluminum will be the best option. It is extremely lightweight and has sufficient strength.

If you have to work with metals, drill serious parts to a relatively large depth, you will need something more durable - steel, cast iron, iron. These are heavy materials, but the loads they can withstand are impressive.

Guides

Of particular importance in the design of the device being developed are the so-called guides - the components along which the table moves in the required directions.

The better they are made, the more accurately the specialist will work on the machine, set the position of the workpiece to be processed and easier to move it to the right place, use filler materials and perform other necessary actions.

Two types of guides are used: cylindrical and rail. It is difficult to say which of them is more efficient - with high-quality implementation, both options show themselves in work with dignity.

To make the sliding of the guides as smooth and accurate as possible, special carriages and bearings have to be used. If the requirements for the accuracy of the equipment are not too high, then rolling bearings are quite suitable, otherwise plain bearings must be used.

Rolling bearings will create a small amount of play, but this is not a big hindrance in typical applications.

For smooth sliding of guides, rolling bearings can be used

When making a product with your own hands, you need to choose the option that is most suitable for fulfilling future tasks.

Movement transmission mechanism

The most important part of the future device, no matter whether it is a rotary table for a drilling machine or a cross-type version, is the mechanism for transferring movement from the control sticks to the device.

It is best to make a drive with a mechanical type of movement, they are manually controlled. In this way, specialists can achieve greater accuracy of movements, high quality of work performed.

The components of the motion transmission mechanism are:

• racks and cogwheels, gears;
• belt mechanisms;
• ball screws.

Ball screws

Experts advise choosing the latter type of mechanism, especially when it comes to a cross table, it has many significant advantages:

• extremely small system backlash;
• movement of the product is very smooth, without jerking;
• the ball screw works quietly;
• under significant workloads, it shows high stability.

Experts call the disadvantage of the mechanism the impossibility of achieving a high speed of work, but if a cross table for a drilling machine is considered, then a high speed is usually not required here.

To save money, the master needs to try to implement belt drives. They are simple and affordable, but they have drawbacks:

• low accuracy;
• rapid wear;

As a conclusion, we note that if a person decided to make a table for a drilling machine with his own hands, then there is nothing fundamentally unrealistic in this. An elementary set of materials and tools will help you quickly accomplish the task. The task for a specialist is to choose correct view constructions and qualitatively manufacture all critical units of the future device.

The quality of processing often depends on the correct location of all structural elements. It is quite difficult to choose the right mechanism according to all norms and tolerances. An important element in the design of metal processing equipment can be called a coordinate table. It is used when processing on drilling, milling equipment for precise positioning of the workpiece during its processing.

Equipment definition

Coordinate table - a manipulator that is used to fix the workpiece to be processed. There are several options for the execution of machine tables:

1. vacuum fastening method - it is used quite rarely due to the complexity of the design;
2. the mechanical type of fastening is simple to perform, you can do it yourself quickly enough;
3. fastening due to the weight of the workpiece. When using a drilling machine, workpieces of large mass can be processed. Due to its weight, the base piece stays in place even under strong impact.

There are positioning with one, two, three degrees of freedom. This moment determines that the feed of the workpiece can be carried out in three different coordinates. When drilling a flat product, it is enough to move it along just one horizontal plane.

We can conditionally distinguish two main types:

1. Large dimensions. A large coordinate table is created taking into account the fact that the equipment itself, as well as the workpiece, will be installed on it.
2. The coordinate table of small overall dimensions is mounted on the equipment bed.

There are several control mechanisms by which the XY table changes its position:

1. The mechanical drive is quite common. You can make it for a drilling machine with your own hands to establish small-scale production.
2. An electric drive is installed for a drilling machine quite often. It is quite difficult to make it with your own hands, since you need to maintain high precision during manufacture. For automatic movement, the XY table must have its own power supply.
3. Another separate group can be called a mechanism that works from numerical control.

You can do it yourself with a small coordinate table with a mechanical drive.

Homemade options production

When manufacturing, you should initially choose the material of manufacture:

1. Cast iron is an expensive, heavy, brittle material. It is rarely used in the manufacture of a drilling machine.
2. Steel is a strong, hard, durable metal that also has a fairly high cost. Steel can be called the most attractive material.
3. Aluminum is lightweight, low-melting, but expensive and soft material. It is quite simple to use it in the manufacture of any parts for the machine. As a rule, mini equipment is created using this alloy.

The above materials are selected for a full or mini machine.

Manufacturing of guides

The accuracy of processing depends on the correct choice of guides. You can make the following designs with your own hands:

1. rail;
2. cylindrical.

They are created with a carriage and bearing assemblies. The choice of guides can be carried out depending on the type of drive. Plain bearings are used to achieve the highest machining accuracy. In the case of using a rolling bearing, friction is significantly reduced and the service life of the device is increased, but a significant backlash appears, which reduces the processing accuracy.

There are two types of rail carriage:

1. with increased flange dimensions, which allows mounting from the bottom of the table;
2. the flangeless design is fastened from above using the threaded method.

Note that the homemade version of the guide should be closed with stainless steel. Stainless coated steel can withstand exposure to high humidity for a long time.

Drive types

When creating a small machine, a power-fed XY table is often installed. However, there are many types of drives, the choice of which is carried out according to the following criteria:

1. processing speed;
2. positioning accuracy;
3. equipment performance.

In most cases, an electric drive is chosen, during the creation of which the motor is installed.

The essence of this mechanism is to convert rotation into reciprocating motion. The following types of gears are distinguished for the design under consideration:

1. belt;
2. ball screw;
3. rack and pinion.

When creating a drive, a belt drive is often chosen. A homemade belt-type mechanism is cheaper than others, but the belt quickly wears out and stretches. Also, belt slippage determines the low accuracy of the moving element. All elements of the coordinate steel are connected by a welded method. In this case, the threaded method of connecting certain parts is also used.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the home-made design is suitable exclusively for household equipment, since it is practically impossible to achieve the accuracy that industrial models have.

You may also be interested in articles:

How to make a milling table with your own hands How to make planer on wood with your own hands How to make do-it-yourself wood trimmers How to make a do-it-yourself bending machine

The modernization of the milling metalworking machine will increase the technical potential and significantly expand its productive capabilities. One of possible options modernization consists in installing a coordinate mini-table on the milling machine. By using a coordinate table for the milling unit, the manufacturer can significantly reduce the labor intensity.

Characteristic

The device of the coordinate table is an additional structure to the machine that allows you to move the part attached to it along the required trajectory. The installation can be used for both a milling unit and a drilling unit. The coordinate table is of two types - an industrial factory or a small homemade one.

The table can be set in motion by means of mechanical action manually, by means of electric drives or by means of computer systems management. When using numerical control, production is as automated as possible, and the accuracy of part processing varies in the range of several micrometers.

Variety

In the factory, a coordinate part mounted on a milling or drilling machine includes:

• bearing support;
• control drives;
• part fixation system;
• automated control system.

Part fixation is divided into three types:

• vacuum;
• using the mass of the part itself;
• mechanical.

Coordinate structures have several different execution schemes, but there are two main ones:

• portal;
• cross.

The cross pattern is used for processing volumetric parts, which is solved by using additional structures with three degrees of freedom. This means that the workpiece to be machined has the ability to move in X, Y, and Z coordinates. In this design, the coordinate structure is installed on a milling machine.

A gantry scheme is a rotary table that is used to work with flat parts, in particular for drilling, with a rigidly fixed working body when movement along a vertical axis is necessary.

At factories for the manufacture of large-sized products, long coordinate aluminum structures are installed. Thanks to this, the functionality of the machines used increases, because on the working workbench it is possible to fix equipment, such as:

• special connector for tools;
• cooling drive;
• grease drive;
• neutralization of harmful gases and vapors;
• dust and shavings removal drive.

Features of the supporting structure

The design of the coordinate systems for the milling machine and the machine differs in the material from which it is made basic structure... If these are metal massive parts, then it is necessary to use a more rigid structure, which may consist of cast metal.

More rigid structures are still used to ensure the necessary precision of the movement of the workpiece on machine tools, since the speed of movement of the workpiece in such a production can reach several meters per second.

The material that is used for the manufacture of coordinate mounting pads is selected as follows:

• steel;
• cast iron;
• aluminum alloys.

Structures consisting of aluminum alloys are designed for light loads and are often used to equip drilling machines, where only vertical movement of the workpiece is meant.

The advantages of such a device are:

• manufacturability;
• budget;
• low weight of the structure.

Mechanisms for transmission of motion

Factory and home-made coordinate mini-platforms are mechanically set in motion. If production is associated with high-precision processes, then electric motors are used in such cases.

The types of gears for converting rotary motion into translational, and also for moving the part relative to the working element, are divided according to the implementation method.

They are divided into:

• gear;
• belt;
• screw.

Parameters that affect the selection of the transmission type:

• the speed of movement of the platform with the workpiece fixed on its surface;
• electric motor power;
• processing precision.

The best option in terms of efficiency and ensuring the accuracy of movement of the part is possessed by a ball screw, which also has a number of other features:

• no jerks when moving;
• lack of noise;
• small backlash.

One of the disadvantages of this type of transmission is the inability to move the XY table at high speed. The second drawback is the high cost.

The high cost is one of the disadvantages of this transfer.

Additional options

It will be cheaper to use a belt drive, but in proportion to a decrease in cost, the disadvantages also increase:

• increased wear;
• the need for frequent maintenance;
• high probability of belt breakage;
• low accuracy.

High accuracy and fast movement of the part on a fixed site can be ensured when using a gear transmission, but in such a mechanism you need to be prepared for the appearance of backlash some time after the start of operation.

One of the best options transmission of motion from the motor to the mini-coordinate installation is the use of a direct drive, which consists of:

• linear motor;
• servo amplifier.

Servo amplifier

The advantage of these drives is that there is no need to use mechanical transmissions. This design allows direct transmission of motion from the motor to the elements of the coordinate table.

The benefits also lie in the increased speed and accuracy of the part. Due to the fact that there are no auxiliary transmissions in the table layout, the number of elements connected in series is reduced, and this, in turn, has a positive effect on the reliability of the coordinate installation.

conclusions

Significantly, in relation to other types of transmissions, the error also decreases, which is at the level of micrometer units. The direct drive is characterized by high braking and acceleration rates.

Due to the fact that in the direct drive there are no parts that are subject to friction, the coordinate aluminum installation less subject to wear, which has a positive effect on its durability.

One of the few, but at the same time, the most significant drawbacks of a direct drive is its price. The high cost in high-precision mass production is justified and paid off.