What is the most economical heating in a private house? The cheaper it is to heat the house (gas, firewood, electricity, coal, diesel) Electric heating options for a private house

How to heat private houseto create the most comfortable living conditions and at the same time minimize the cost and maintenance costs of the heating system. The task is complex and requires a complex solution.

Popular ways to heat a private house

I have not seen a rating of the popularity of the method of heating a private house. In theory, in a leading gas producing country, gas heating should lead in possible heating systems. But this is not the case. Long distances and weak main gas supply force them to turn their choice to heating systems other than gas heating. Let's see how you can heat a private house.

The choice of home heating option cannot be made after finishing the home. The heating project must be had even before construction, and the gasket engineering communications heating must be done at least before finishing works in home. For example, the interior decoration of a vulture house is more often carried out plasterboard sheets and before their installation, you need to have a clear plan for the distribution of heating and the place of installation of heating devices and a heating source.

Deciding how to heat the house

First of all, when deciding the question of what and how to heat a private house, they pay attention to the availability of the type of fuel in their area. By fuel, you need to understand any source of energy that can be converted into heat, namely:

• Main gas;
• Liquefied gas in cylinders;
• Firewood and their modern version - pallets;
• Electricity;
• Diesel fuel;
• Fuel oil;
• Solar energy;
• BIofuels.

When deciding on the choice of fuel, its regional availability, price and delivery are important. By all these parameters, the most profitable option is main gas (if there is one in your village), however, the installation of gas heating on a turnkey basis is the most expensive.

Combined heating systems

The second issue that needs to be resolved is to heat a private house using one or two (three) types of fuel. In this matter, the approach to the solution has two directions:

• Plan combined heating according to the following scheme: main and emergency heating;
• Plan combined heating according to the scheme: simultaneous use of two or three heating systems. For example, a gas boiler and heating radiators + infrared heating + electric underfloor heating. Or the installation of two heating boilers operating on different fuels. There are a lot of combinations.
• Especially important, have dual fuel heating (combined boilers) in houses permanent residence and areas with a seasonal rise in fuel prices.
• Again, you need to remember that the equipment and installation of dual-fuel heating is more expensive.

For Russia, symbiosis is popular: gas and wood heating, or electric (electric boiler) and fireplace heating. In the off-season, when frosts have not struck, they use wood heating, and in the winter they start a gas boiler.

Alternative heating sources

Modern man pays more and more attention to heat sources, which in fact cost nothing. This is the sun, wind and biological waste. Today, these heat sources remain additional and are rarely used as for primary heating.

for instance, at a price quite affordable, heating schemes using solar collectors or solar panels, as additional source... Solar generators work only in sunny weather, therefore, they are included in heating systems with two or three heating systems: main heating (gas) + solar panels+ battery system. If the area of \u200b\u200bresidence is sunny, then solar collectors act as the main heating, and the boiler (gas, electric, wood) is an additional one.

One or two heating systems

Two system heating schemes are widely used: two different types of heating systems from one source. Alternatively, the first floor of the house is heated with water-heated floors, and the second floor is heated with water radiators. The heating source is one, and there are several heating circuits.

Alternatives to gas heating

As I already mentioned, gas heating is the most convenient for permanent residences, gasification of a house is the ultimate dream. However, the total cost of gasification of a house makes us look for an alternative to gas.

Electricity

Electricity in itself is a great alternative to gas, if it weren't so expensive. Practice shows that in 7 months of the heating season, when using only electric heating, you will have to spend 50-60 thousand rubles, and this is with a good setting of the heating boiler.

Using electricity, you can heat a house with:

• Electric heating boiler (100 meters of the house \u003d 10 kW boiler).
• Electric convectors (cheap installation, but requires new wiring).
• Film infrared heating (rarely used as the main heating due to the high cost of installation and operation).

In addition to electricity, an alternative to gas can be:

Diesel fuel. A lot of disadvantages: expensive equipment, you need a special place for the tank, you need constant fuel replenishment. Diesel fuel cost: 2-3 rubles per 1 kW of heat.

Firewood. Wood heating is not easy. On the one hand, they are available. If you procure them yourself, they are very cheap. Probably, for this reason, all rural Finland is heated with wood. In Russia, the cost of purchased firewood is slightly more expensive than gas, but cheaper than all other types of fuel. Gas - 20-30 kopecks per 1 kW, firewood - 70 kopecks, coal 1.3 -1.5 rubles, electricity - 3 ± 1 ruble per 1 kW.

For each residential building, whether it is a large apartment building, or we are talking about private households of one and two-story type, organization is of great importance efficient heating... There are a lot of existing heating options today, however, due to the technical capabilities, not every house can be connected to gas. It is not always possible to supply the required amount of fuel to solid fuel or liquid fuel boilers. In such situations, heating the house with electricity will become.

Already at the design stage of an electric heating system, it can be concluded that this heating method will be much cheaper and more economical. Moreover, if we compare the speed of installation of electrical equipment with the laying and installation of other types of heating systems. In some cases, efficiency is a decisive factor when choosing a heating system. Despite the fact that today electricity is constantly becoming more expensive, new technologies allow the use of electric heating devices with high efficiency.

Electric heating in your home - the main advantages and disadvantages

The concept of electric heating should be understood as a fairly wide range of technical means and capabilities. Electricity is a unique type of artificially obtained energy that can be successfully used for domestic purposes. Electric heating can be of two types:

• with intermediate heat carrier;
• with direct heat dissipation.

In the first case, we are talking about a system based on an electric boiler that heats up the coolant and distributes it through the pipeline system. In the second case, we are talking about independent heating elements and devices powered by the electrical network. To heat the house, like any other room, convectors, thermal electric fans, spiral and infrared heaters are actively used. This heating method is much easier from a technical point of view. The only negative is a significant overspending of electricity, which will have to be paid. Underfloor heating deserves a separate discussion, a technology thanks to which you can truly achieve comfort in heating living quarters.

If we consider the balance between the possibilities and benefits obtained from the use of electric heating with other types of heating, then electricity will look preferable. The main advantage of electric heating systems is their high efficiency. Other positive aspects include:

• durability of working systems;
• ease of maintenance and operation;
• quite reasonable costs for the purchase of equipment, installation and connection.
• quiet operation and high level of safety of modern electric heating installations;
• lack of permits for the installation of electrical heating systems.

The economic effect is achieved due to the installation of thermostats on electric heating devices, due to which the power is automatically turned on and off.

The listed pluses are leveled by one minus. To install in a house sufficiently powerful heating electrical appliances, an electric boiler, additional equipment of a residential building with electrical distribution devices and devices will be required.

Important! House wiring must be capable of withstanding significant loads, especially during the cold season. In addition to everything, electric switchboard must be equipped with a multi-tariff meter, which allows intensive use of the nightly cheap tariff. The main task when installing electric heating systems is to optimize the operation of the entire complex.

Electric boiler or convector - what's the difference? What to look for?

From a technological point of view, an electric boiler is the most advantageous in terms of price-quality ratio. Before making a purchase, you should carefully study the technical capabilities and characteristics of the models on the market. When evaluating the capabilities of the boiler, it is imperative to take into account the amount of work that the new equipment has to cope with. To heat a house with an area of \u200b\u200b150 m 2, according to approximate calculations, at least 150 kW of electricity per day will be required. Not every boiler is able to cope with such a volume, and not all power lines are able to withstand such a load.

The boiler is connected to a conventional standard water heating system, heating the coolant during its operation.

Each model is equipped, which allows residents to independently choose the temperature regime. The automation itself regulates the boiler power based on the set parameters, without requiring human intervention, providing the necessary energy savings. The water supply is also regulated by a built-in pump, so worry about normal pressure there is no reason in the system. Additional equipment with which most are completed today modern models electric boilers, increases the functionality of the system and aims to reduce energy consumption, saving you money.

In the process of optimizing work, it is important to take into account the heat losses that are characteristic of the room. This indicator depends directly on the thickness of the walls, the presence of insulation, the number of doors and window openings... The main heat loss is carried out precisely through windows and doors.

Last but not least, the heating efficiency depends on the parameters of the selected electric boiler model. There are classic boilers with heating elements, as well as more efficient modern options - induction and electrode (ionic). Moreover, they all have an efficiency of 90%.

For reference: Often, manufacturers in the accompanying documents for the product write the efficiency of the model - 95-98%. The numbers look impressive, although in reality the figures are much lower, in the range of 90-92%.

With the simultaneous use of a large number of electrical household appliances, the temperature of the coolant in the electric heating system can be reduced, saving on balanced electricity consumption. Each specific case gives various options for savings, unlike the use of other heating systems. For example, an area of \u200b\u200b50 m 2 will require an electric boiler with a capacity of 3 kW. With the necessary figures at hand, it is not at all difficult to calculate the number of kilowatts that will be consumed within a month with continuous operation of the boiler.

For instance:

• house area - 50 m 2;
• electric boiler - power 3 kW;

We make arithmetic calculations according to the following formula: 3x24x30, where 24 is the number of hours in a day, 30 is the number of days in a month. We get 2160 kW per month with the boiler running, and now we multiply this figure by the electricity tariff that is set in your region.

All calculations are approximate. The real volume of electricity costs will be visible only after some time. Only then can you make an independent adjustment to the operation of the heating system in the house, determine the appropriateness of using other electrical appliances in everyday life.

If you need to organize heating in own home without laying highways and installing numerous equipment, you can do with convectors. In contrast to electric hot water heating in convectors, the basic principle of operation is the convection of warm air. Due to the operation of the heating elements, the ambient air is heated. The system is almost completely autonomous, compact and capable of quickly heating up small interiors.

Convectors are equipped with temperature controls, with which you can set the optimal heating parameters. The presence of automation ensures automatic on / off of the device depending on the temperature conditions inside the room. To install this type of heater, you must have high-quality sockets and reliable wiring.

Convectors can be installed both on walls and on the floor. The cooled air goes down, falling into the field of action of the heating elements, heats up again and rises up, and so on vicious circle... Thus, the process of convection of air masses is achieved. The operating mode of heating convectors is 60-100 0 C. Additionally, the room can be equipped with fans, the action of which will speed up the air exchange of the air mass. Despite the seeming simplicity of the design and the elementary principle of operation, the heating of the room with the help of convectors is uneven. The air will be warmer under the ceiling, while cool air masses will be felt below.

To achieve savings when using convectors, it is enough to carry out a simple mathematical calculation that allows you to determine required amount devices for normal room heating. Practice shows that convectors are effective for heating small wooden residential and household buildings. In capital, stone buildings with rooms of a large area, it is impractical to use convectors. Large volumes of air cool down quickly, the time for heating a room by convection of air masses increases significantly. Consequently, the energy consumption of the heating system increases.

Underfloor heating - economical heating of a private house

An electric boiler, convectors are not the only options to equip a private house with an efficient heating system powered by the mains. Underfloor heating, which has become fashionable today to be installed in country houses and in apartments, can be a good alternative to any other heating option. From the point of view of physics, a warm floor does not give a noticeable effect in heating living quarters, however, in comparison with the operation of other electric heating devices, thanks to a warm floor, it is possible to reduce energy consumption for heating.

The required effect is achieved due to the rational distribution of heat. Floors are known to be the coolest part of any room. Thanks to warm floors the coldest part of the room is automatically re-profiled from a cooler to a source of thermal energy. The air heated from below throughout the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe room rises up in uniform streams. For residential premises, underfloor heating gives savings of 30-40%, for heating other premises, the savings can be 50% or more.

Optimum heating parameters are achieved with temperature controllers. Having independently decided on temperature regime indoors it is possible to achieve significant energy savings.

The advantages of underfloor heating are as follows:

• effective method quick warm-up premises;
• acceptable economic performance;
• a comfortable indoor climate is maintained (oxygen is not burned);
• simplicity and reliability in operation.

Against the background of the advantages of a warm floor, the only drawback of this electric heating option looks insignificant. The problem lies in the complexity of the installation of such a heating system associated with the need to reorganize the flooring.

The preliminary calculation of the cost of heating costs in this case is as follows:

The approximate power of standard models used in everyday life is 1.5 kW per 10 m 2. We calculate the average daily consumption and get a figure of 360 kW. For rooms of other sizes, calculations are made according to the same principle, the power varies in proportion to the area.

For reference: 360 kW x 2.5 (tariff 2.5 rubles, approximately) we get 900 rubles. And now we multiply the resulting figure by real square meters, for example 50 m 2. As a result, we face the figure of 4500 rubles.

Today there is a wide range of options to achieve the necessary comfort inside a residential building using electric heating.

Each of us has the right to choose which heating option suits him best. An electric boiler, underfloor heating or electric heaters are options that solve certain problems. You can solve the problem globally by creating a capital heating system or solving issues locally. Savings can be achieved in any case if you rationally equip your house with heating elements, reduce heat loss in the room and optimize the operation of the entire energy system in the house.

Residents of multi-storey city buildings remember about heating only in situations when an accident occurs. Indeed, a centralized highway eliminates many problems, eliminates the need to monitor equipment, carry out scheduled inspections and repairs - all this is done by housing and communal services specialists. Quite another matter - the inhabitants of their own cottages. They not only have to choose the most cheap heating at home, but also to implement the scheme, purchase the appropriate equipment, organize service. The issue of saving in such a situation is especially acute, all saved funds can be spent on more pressing needs. To save as much money as possible, we recommend that you approach this issue comprehensively.

Traditional fuels

The cheapest heating of a private house can be equipped on the basis. If a highway is laid near the cottage, then you should not hesitate, you must immediately submit requests for permits, purchase equipment and proceed with installation. Yes, at the stage of installation and purchase, you will have to spend an impressive amount, but in the process of using everything will pay off in full.

It will also be possible with solid fuel. Firewood, peat and wood briquettes - all this is quite cheap, you have to put up with some operational inconvenience, the need to regularly put new batches of fuel into the furnace, but the economic benefit is worth it.

If we talk about liquid fuel, then its use in a private house is undesirable. The reason is simple - an increase in diesel prices is recorded every year, if a few years ago it was possible to speak of this method as financially beneficial, now everything is completely different. To this should be added the need for equipment for the boiler in a separate room, spacious enough to organize the storage area for tanks or cans with fuel. Another drawback: the emissions of such fuel are quite unpleasant, not everyone can stand the smell of unburned diesel fuel.

Electricity and derivatives

Heating a building with electricity deserves a separate discussion. By itself, such a boiler is capable of heating the building only partially, the operating costs are too high, and therefore the purchase of a device of appropriate power can lead to huge utility bills. Nevertheless, some electricity-based schemes can be organized at home with your own hands, while they turn out to be cost-effective and reliable:

• Infrared heat sources. There is no need to install the boiler, lay pipes. Infrared devices are easily mounted under the ceiling or on the plane of the walls, they look stylish and will perfectly fit into any interior. Their efficiency is visible already in the first month of operation, heating bills will be reduced by almost 60 percent.
• Infrared film. The film is laid under linoleum or laminate, evenly heats the room throughout the entire volume.

There are disadvantages of infrared heating: the costs are still higher than with gas heating. The probability of fogging of windows increases if the rays do not hit the window sill (convection flows are weaker than with traditional heating). An unexpected power outage is much more likely than a gas outage. In the case of an open installation of reflectors under the ceiling, unpleasant sensations arise, as they say, "the bald head burns, and the legs are freezing."

Innovation

Economical heating can also be organized using renewable energy sources. If your area has relatively warm sunny days is large enough then the use of batteries solar energy looks quite reasonable and rational. The panels can perform both the main function and the auxiliary one, turning on in situations when there are interruptions on the main line. A novelty was the use of heat pumps, which allow you to minimize heating costs, but equipment and assembly work the most expensive of all types of heat generators.

Many would like to buy housing outside the city. However, when building a private house, various problems arise. One of them is how to heat vacation home... Most often, there is no opportunity to connect to central heating on the land. This means that you will have to think about what type of autonomous heating to use.

Ten years ago, every home owner tried to connect to the gas supply in order to heat the room with gas. Now the situation has changed. Alternative methods of heating the building have appeared. Prices for the usual heat carriers are constantly growing. Heating costs have not only increased, they have grown exponentially.

Modern owners are armed with both the old "old-fashioned" and the most advanced heating technologies.

After the end of the heating season, the owners of private houses calculate the costs of heating the house. Many people are thinking about how to change the heating system, because there is an alternative. We will describe several heating options for private buildings.

Stove heating with wood

If the house is built away from gas mains or you do not want to pay for an expensive heat carrier, you can arrange a wood heating system. This option is ideal from an environmental point of view and does not harm the health of the residents. How does a wood burning stove work?

The principle of this design is simple and straightforward. You buy a stove, put firewood in it, set it on fire. The wood burns and heats up the oven equipment. The stove gives off heat, the air in the room heats up.

With the seeming primitiveness of the design, this heating option has a number of advantages:

• the oven heats up quickly;
• there is no need to buy and install pipes, radiators, pumps;
• the design is reliable, designed for long-term operation, it is difficult to damage it;
• firewood can be purchased inexpensively.

Modern heating stoves little resemble well-known potbelly stoves. The design of the furnace is designed so that the installation gives off a lot of heat and can operate for a long time from one load.

Firewood boiler structure.

A boiler can be built into the wood-fired heating system. When choosing a boiler, it is better to focus on a pyrolysis type design. Heat will be generated by the combustion of pyrolysis gases. This type of boiler equipment can function without the presence of electricity.

How does a solid fuel boiler work? When high temperature and in the absence of oxygen, the combustion fuel decomposes into producer gas and solid waste. In this case, it is possible to achieve maximum heat transfer from fuel combustion.

Now about the disadvantages of this type of building heating:

• the oven installation is large enough, you have to think about where to install it; the equipment weighs decently, so you won't be able to install the oven yourself;
• next to the house, you will have to provide a covered room for firewood, it is important that there is enough firewood for the heating period;
• combustion products can be hazardous to health due to improper operation of the furnace device;
• when heating with wood, you will have to provide for a chimney;
• the stove will heat up the room unevenly.

Using coal

Many private houses are located far from the gas pipe. It is more difficult to buy firewood in some regions than coal. Solid fuel equipment can be purchased. Coal-fired boilers have sensors to control the heating temperature. Using hard coal will reduce the amount harmful substancesresulting from combustion.

When choosing firewood or coal, you should decide in advance where and at what prices you will buy fuel.

Solid fuel boilers consist of a furnace, in which the coal combustion process takes place, a heat exchanger, where the coal is heated, and a grate. The heat exchanger can be made of cast iron or steel. Depending on this, cast iron or steel boilers can be found on the market. What material is preferable? Steel boilers are slightly cheaper. Why? A cast iron boiler will last longer. In terms of reliability, these structures are difficult to damage.

The advantages of coal stoves include durability and high heat transfer. The heating system does not require electricity. It is clear that coal will have to be purchased in advance and a room for its storage should be provided.

Using electricity

The best way to heat a country house when there is no gas and electricity, we have already told. If the building is connected to an electrician, electricity can be used for heating. The building will be heated not by an electrician, but by hot water. And electricity will heat the water.

How to equip such a heating system? First of all, you should buy a boiler in which the water will be heated. Electric boilers can be designed for different powers, have one or more circuits. If the system is with one circuit, then the water is heated only to heat the house. When there is a second circuit, water can be heated for the bathroom or kitchen. Sometimes two boilers are installed in parallel. One of them can be turned off in summer. The second will heat water for domestic needs.

Types of boilers

For residential buildings, you can purchase wall and floor electric boilers... The latter are of greater weight and size. Therefore, they are installed only on a horizontal surface.

Water (sometimes antifreeze) enters the boiler. Here, electrical energy is converted into heat. The liquid heats up and expands. The water pressure increases, the liquid moves independently through the pipes to the heating radiators. The batteries heat up and heat the building. The water is cooled down and returned to the boiler for heating. The system has a closed loop.

In some cases it is possible to install a boiler with a forced circulation system. This will require an additional pump and expansion tank.

If a hot water system is not installed, but the building is powered up, other heating options can be considered. Various types of electrically powered heaters are now available. Most often, oil radiators are used. They consume little electricity and are safe to use.

Infrared heaters are also used indoors. But they can only warm certain areas of the room. This type of heating will save electricity. This type of heating is often used in summer cottages.

Infrared emitters were a source of distrust for a couple of years. Now the situation is just the opposite. It turned out that this type of radiation does not pose a threat to health. Moreover, these rays help to cope with colds.

Precautions

When heating buildings with a heater, you need to learn the basic precautions:

• do not dry wet clothes on the heater;
• make sure that the wire does not lie on flammable objects;
• try not to use too long extension cords;
• do not leave the heater on overnight.

If you heat a building with wood (coal), you should also follow these rules:

• there should be no flammable substances near the hot stove;
• near the stove door, the floor should be made of an iron plate, if sparks hit the linoleum or wood, this will lead to a fire;
• as a result of combustion, hazardous substances are formed, a working ventilation is needed so that the combustion products can leave the building.

We calculated the cost of obtaining 1 kWh of heat from different types fuel, as well as costs for the entire heating season, plus the payback period of heating systems.

It is generally accepted that the most profitable heating option is mains gas. But not everyone can say for sure how quickly its connection will pay off, even if the gas pipe has already been laid along the border of your site. Therefore, the question "the cheaper it is to heat the house" will be very relevant. To answer this question, we have prepared two tables and a diagram. The first table contains information on the cost of obtaining 1 kWh of heat from various types of fuel at prices at the beginning of 2016. The diagram shows fuel costs for one heating season. And the second table shows the payback periods of heating systems in comparison with an electric boiler.

Table of the cost of obtaining thermal energy for heating from various types of fuel

Type of fuel	Price per unit, rub.	The cost of the heat received 1 kWh, rub.	Typical efficiency of boilers (furnaces),%	The cost of the received 1 kWh of heat, taking into account the efficiency, rubles.
Eco-pea coal, kg	3	0,39	0,8	0,48
Main gas, cbm	5,04	0,54	0,9	0,60
Dry coniferous firewood (20%), kg	3,9	0,99	0,7	1,41
Heat pump "air-water", kW. **	1,1	1,10		1,10
Pellets, kg	6	1,26	0,8	1,57
Firewood of natural moisture, coniferous (40%), kg. *	3	1,33	0,7	1,90
Liquefied gas, l.	15,3	2,71	0,9	3,01
Diesel fuel, l.	29	2,86	0,85	3,37
Electricity (day / night) ***	4,11	4,11		4,11

* - taking into account the density of folded chopped firewood and the density of the wood itself
** - taking into account the efficiency at average temperatures in the region of -5 ° С, which corresponds to the winter near Moscow
*** - the average value of tariffs for municipalities is taken in proportions of 2/1.

The data in the table is sorted by the cost of heat generated from the combustion of each type of fuelconverted to kWh. We deliberately did not sort the list taking into account the efficiency of the boilers, since there may be options. Although the bulk of high-quality boilers for different fuels have an efficiency of 80%. We will also leave aside the issues of convenience of using a particular type of fuel. Of course, the most problem-free here will be electricity, a heat pump, and main gas, albeit to a lesser extent. In other cases, there will be more trouble.

Next, we calculate heating season cost for the Moscow Region, counting on a house with an area of \u200b\u200b100 m 2 insulated according to SNiP. We will conventionally assume that it is necessary to actively heat from about November to March (150 days a year). At the same time, with an average temperature difference of 25 degrees (we take the average temperature of all five months as -4 ° C), the total heat loss will be approximately 2.3 kW. Those. per day for heating such a house, you need to spend 55.2 kWh. For the season - ~ 8280 kWh.

Costs for the heating season for different types of fuel for an insulated house 100 m 2

The most profitable fuels are coal and gas. The most expensive is electricity.

Now let's count payback periods of heating systems for different types of fuel... Suppose the house has water heating with an electric boiler with a capacity of 9 kW (15 thousand rubles). Let's take this as a basic option. To switch to main gas, you need to replace the boiler (15 thousand rubles), install a chimney (30 thousand rubles) and connect to the mains (from 50 to 400 thousand rubles, we used 200 thousand for calculations). To switch to coal, firewood or pellets, you also need to install a chimney and replace the boiler with an appropriate one (40 thousand rubles for a regular one and ~ 80 thousand for a boiler with automatic feeding), plus prepare a storage room. For liquefied gas, among other things, you will need a gas tank with an installation (190 thousand rubles). And for heat pump - the system itself with installation (~ 350 thousand rubles). In this case, we will assume that the owner carries out the ash removal and maintenance of the systems on his own.

Payback period of different heating systems in comparison with an electric boiler

Everyone should draw conclusions from this table himself in accordance with his needs and capabilities. We will only make a reservation that for houses with a larger area than we took into account, heating with electricity is not applicable, since electric boilers with a capacity of 10 kW or more already require connection to a three-phase 380 V. Also, the payback calculations will be slightly different for houses with an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 200 m 2.

Important note! All calculations in the article are given without taking into account ventilation losses, which, for one reason or another, are usually absent in small country houses... If you follow SNiP in this matter, when the air in the room of the configuration in question should be updated approximately once an hour, then the heating costs should be approximately tripled! But in practice, ventilation, if not forgotten, is provided by supply valves and vents, which, as a result, can increase the costs shown in the diagram by 1.5 times. Accordingly, this will lead to a decrease in the payback period in the table.