The difference of the shield from the cabinet. How does the shield differ from the massif? Tasks for switchboards and cabinets

Electric shield - highlighted room for mounting distribution and control lighting and devices, protected according to the chassis standards.

Differences of electric shields from cabinets

Electrical shields are used exclusively in chains up to 1 square meters. Above - cabinets apply. The equipment grouping is called a complete switchgear and have the right to include equipment to voltage up to 10 square meters. Cabinets are made of steel 2 mm thick and a profile serving a frame. Execution is internal, external and retractable. The cabinet differs from the shield of comprehensive availability, stands for the wall plane.

The shield is usually embedded. Demonstrates the front panel with an IP protection degree. And from other sides, the walls are assumed. The cabinet case is performed from sheet steel. On the front panel in both cases there are windows for registration of readings, controls. The shield of control and protection of equipment operated by personnel (machines) is raised within the visibility of the operator. The cabinet and shield housings are ground and ground according to the current regulatory acts.

How to mount electric shield

Design documentation

Project documentation is compiled by a specialized organization. For a single apartment, a step is not considered mandatory. But it is better to know which drawings can be found in the kit. Design documentation of the project contains several types of electrical circuits. Not all concern shields:

1. Structural schemes (indicated by E1) in general details transmit information about functional installations. These are rectangles combined with lines and arrows.
2. Circuit diagrams (denoted by E3) Lots relate to the installation of shields, contain a detailed list of system elements, but reluctance. When installing electricians, the document will help properly place the equipment by enclosures. The list of elements of the electric shield, marked with the first letter shield, turns on here. And the second complements the appointment information. The sequence number is often placed in the first place or stipulates otherwise.
3. Connection diagram (designated e4) close-up shows system connectors. It is necessary for the proper sealing of wires in the pads, forks, sockets and other connectors. Documentation will be needed when docking various parts of the system. These schemes are easy to learn on the characteristic tables of two columns: contact and output number. They give the idea that and where to solder. The connectors are schematic, double ticks.
4. The procedure for placing instruments inside the shield is explained by the location scheme (E7). A similar document is available for the room with the designation of installation places of electrical equipment. In the schemes, the labeling of the shields contains the letter to the outlines, despite the simplistic, exactly correspond to reality. It is allowed to perform projections (including axonometry), offering correctly understanding the installers how to put equipment.
5. Connection diagram (indicated by E5). It shows exclusively connectors, input devices, etc. Products are drawn schematically, tables, it is allowed to bring the exact drawing of the housing, indicating the location of the connecting elements (it is designed to accurately comply with reality). There are external (coming from the outside) cables, pipes, cable channels, other third-party equipment, explaining the inscriptions are noted; Addresses are indicated that allow you to unambiguously conduct switching of communications. Created the overall picture of the object.

Location schemes to the electrician have a little relationship. Show where and what to drill where to beat the hole, how to pave the cable harness. In addition to the listed stands:

• Functional scheme (E2). The structural is distinguished by the presence of information that tell about the principle of action. In addition to rectangles, detailed data on a specific area electrical chain. For the installation of a shield, information is usually not required, but when internal wiring is capable of providing post assistance in assembling and commissioning the system.
• General scheme (E6). Connections are predominantly shown by cables. Composite parts of the equipment are shown by rectangles. The most detailed marking of wires, fuses, etc. transport elements.
• Joint scheme (E0). If the product is produced in several modifications (types), it is allowed to apply all the information on the general drawing. This is a combined scheme.

Schemes: Electrician inside the shield

On all documents, the marking is given according to the symbols of the concept. Electric shields and cabinets are assigned a positional designation (sh and a number, the number is located to the subject or after). The connection scheme is entitled (but not obliged) to designate DIN rails, equipped with a separate address (P1, P2, etc.) to install modules (automata, fuses, counters, switches, etc.), clips for installation of rails. The room receives each clamp, without skipping. The designations in the scheme are carried out according to the factory - extracted from the directors of manufacturers. When replacing another old labeling is taken into brackets, the new one is set.

The shield compounds scheme indicates quite approximated if other does not require the conditions for conducting work. With this scheme of compounds is performed as on the electrical concept. Condenses are present in the form of two parallel lines, inductance - a number of arcs, keys, transistors, diodes, fuses, keys, lamps, connectors, contacts - according to GOST 2.755 and regulatory acts. The size of the rectangle seats all the contents, the clamps are indicated by circles.

The device receives its own number, concluded together with a characteristic symbol in a circle separated by a horizontal feature. The exception is the power connectors. The number is not assigned, unless you require the rules for addressing the posting. Sometimes the mass of subscribers accumulates in the shield, so you have to simplify the life of the installer. For this, according to the adopted agreement, the address of the subscriber is placed on the left, through the dash - the number of destination contact. Refinement: The address is located inside the mug, at the top, under it - the designation (characteristic symbol), if required (otherwise the mug is left blank).

Sometimes the destinations are specified in the next shield. More often is made for outgoing lines, at the border of the housing of the node. The circuit of the mounting panel is indicated by the barcccotir. The case is not considered a mandatory part of the scheme in principle. In the presence of the solid line in the drawing. If inside the compartment, each is schematically marked with a barcccotir (sometimes double). In the upper left corner the drive numbers are affixed (connector). All information is permissible.

For switching from different shields, an E5 project document is applied. Purpose addresses are prescribed (for example, shield 7 sts, the panel of such something) or the contact table and incoming chains are provided. Sometimes the explanatory inscriptions are: fireguard shield. External tires are marked with verbal prompts, sometimes the color is affixed. For example, three phases are marked: Well - yellow, z - green, k - red. Cables are marked with lites according to the direction:

1. n - low-voltage (up to 1000 V), in the shields other not occurs;
2. b - high-voltage (over 1000 V), in shields are not found;
3. k - control;
4. d - dispatching;
5. e - shielded;
6. c - lighting.

Varieties of shields

Electric energy distribution elements are called complete devices. These include shields, serve on a par with wardrobes for other devices:

1. Entering distribution devices are put at the entrance to the building. Consist of rubble, switches and fuses, automatic reserve equipment. In the entrance, the room with such iron is called: a shield. Although often inside full cabinets. Sometimes there are shields with bilateral service.
2. Shields for residential buildings. Contain instrument of accounting, protection, switching. Industrial panels are distinguished by the presence of three-phase chains. And the voltage is capable of different from 380/220 V. In industry price depends on the mode of operation, the frequency of use of equipment and other specific factors. The working temperature is normalized: in contrast to the entrance, the workshop is semi-open.

Equipment for electric shield

Under the apartment shields sell snap on DIN rail. Retails in the case Miscellaneous quantity. Closed designs on science are called cabinets. The true shield has only anterior panel, the equipment is mounted on the frame, the flush with the wall is embedded. The differences between the two classes of equipment are noticeable only at the construction phase.

Inside the shield is a typical set of equipment:

The machine does not turn off when the current reaches the operating value. This is just a certain threshold above which tracking begins. For example, in the video A. Zemskov shows that over foreign standards, the disconnection is made with a delay:

1. Excess by 13% - more than an hour.
2. Excess 45% - less than an hour.

This is guaranteed transparency of the launch of collector and asynchronous engines, the ignition of the electric stove burdock. But! Only not for the most sensitive machines of class A, which the Russian consumer in its own electric shield is not recommended. For sensitive electronics, it is suitable in, in other cases - C. On the screen, disconnecting and non-shy currents are clearly visible. They differ in them, and the corridor is wide. Inside it, the shutdown occurs with the delay, it is the less, the closer the upper limit. High-speed qualities are entirely determined by the bimetallic relay in the machine.

Not so long ago, Estelle's beds appeared in our assortment, which are made of natural wood. And then we faced the fact that not everyone understands that not only an array - natural tree, Shield - too.

So what is the difference between an array and shield? This will go about it.

Glued shield is square or rectangular elements Woods glued together with each other in length and width. Brous width can be from 10 mm to 50 mm. The glued shield, in the furniture industry, has the same properties as wood:

Ecology and hygienicism - natural materials and environmentally friendly glue are used to produce a furniture gluedboard.

Due to glued elements furniture Shield It has original appearance and a number of advantages:

Durability;
Strength;
The shield does not "twist", as possible in the case of solid wood, if the process of its drying is performed with violations of technology. The bottom line is that glued elements do not create internal pressure, as in a solid tree;
Price quality. The shield has all the properties of wood and some advantages over it, but its cost is much lower;

The array is very often confused with solid wood. An array is essentially the same glued shield, but from larger elements glued only in length. The array has undeniable advantages:

Presentability and elegance - due to large elements from which an array is manufactured, the product looks more aesthetically unlike the shield.

Natural - elements of the array are assessed as much as possible by shade, which creates uniformity of the surface and type of solid wood.

High resistance to external factors - subject to processing technology, an array is resistant to temperature differences, humidity and other external stress.

The possibility of restoration - an array is easily processing and restored in case of damage.

Electrical devices, first of all, are divided into cabinets and shields. Both devices are required to ensure the stable uninterrupted operation of the equipment used at a large voltage. In each case, it is assumed to use group chains that need to be protected from overload and short circuit. At the same time, it is necessary to understand the main differences between the electric cabinet and the shield.

General and distinctive characteristics of switchboards and electrical cabinets

Many users are interested in what is better, electric cabinet or shield. In fact, both devices are ideal for installation in multi-storey residential buildings, and they are responsible for processing and further flow of current to the apartment. Both equipment are performed in the form of boxing, which is installed in the plots specifically reserved for this.

Shields and cabinets are successfully used to calculate the energy consumed and the correct current distribution. In addition, in each case it is allowed to install an informative counter, as a result of which you can carefully follow up to the current information. It should be understood that the main function of the cabinet and the shield is the correct distribution of the current, which prevents overloading the power grid and eliminates the risk of short circuit. It should be understood that the differences are related to the features of the enforcement of the body, since the cabinet is protected from all sides, the shield - on the one hand.

How to choose a suitable device

Choosing an electric shield, you need to take into account the following differences:

• the housing can be metallic or plastic, and only the first type shows optimal resistance to mechanical loads;
• assignment, because the electrical shield can be used to switch chains or feed commands to the device;
• method of installation, as the shields are mounted and embedded;
• equipment, because the electrical panels are distinguished by the number of sections and doors, types of lockable devices, the specifics of the mounting panel, the window for electricity metering devices.

It should be noted that when choosing distribution cabinets it is very important to take into account specificationssince this device in more than Responsible for the operability of the power grid.

The right choice of electrical shield and the distribution cabinet is very important.

As the theater begins with hangers, so the electrical network of any house begins with the electrical panel - the most complex and important element of the chain. The shield is the central control unit of the electrician of your home or plot. From HISright the work depends on the reliable supply of energy of all consumers of energy, and the security of the hosts.

Electric Shield Assembly Rules

Shield - electrical equipment of a high hazard. It can be collected independently, only having the appropriate experience and necessary knowledge. At a minimum, you need to understand the schemes and principles of operation of modular devices - UZO, DIFAVTOMATOV, and the like. Therefore, many prefer to order the development of the scheme and assembling shields from professional installers.

Many Forumhouse users successfully cope with this task themselves, listening to the recommendations of more experienced forum users. In accumulated a significant collection of electrical panels of various purposes and successful shields with their own hands.

Distribution shield

In this introductory article, using the forum users, we will tell what should be correct installation Electric panels and try to reflect important details for which you should pay attention if you decide to assemble with your own hands.

It happens that inexperienced homeowners are confused by two different types of devices: an introductory accounting shield (SHU) and a distribution shield (SHR). In the first case, the shield (or rather, the wardrobe, located on the street, on the support) contains a minimum of equipment: a sealing introductory automatic protection, electricity meter meter and an RCD (protective shutdown device). The distribution shield, unlike the cabinet, is usually installed in the room, and, depending on the number of consumers, may contain dozens of diffanttomates and the RCD.

Assembling hand with your own hands.

There is an option when the accounting and distribution of electricity is combined in the same input and distribution device (LED). However, energy sales organizations now always require the location of the electricity metering device on street supports or facade - within accessibility for the inspector. The legality of this rule causes a very big doubt, but the placement of home group machines in the street shield is not suitable for a house for a house cottage plot, garage and other small buildings.

For country house With a large number of energy consumers, perform such an option is hardly possible: you have to pull from the shield to the house several group lines located on a solid height of the shield (the Scheme Consultant Consultant forum AVS7153 Alexander Sveshnikov).

Observer:

- The minimum possible number of contact compounds, under a seal - only one critical contact compound, respectively - reliability and safety is higher than in the other Schens with a large number of contact connections!

In a special section of the forum, you can read more familiar with options from Observer.

Principle of assembly of electrical panel

Before assembling any distribution switching, the compilation of its diagram is made, in which all modules (diphawtomates, RCD, contactors, etc.) must be displayed, cross-section of all used cables and wires, lines load power. The best wayIf you already have a finished power supply scheme of the house - this will greatly facilitate the task. It will be clear how many equipment you have to use which machines or the UZO select, based on the cross section of cables and wires and the household appliances you have.

For distribution shield planning you need to know :

• The total power consumption of all electrical appliances and separately - power consumption in each selected group - to select the automata of the respective parameters;
• Everything possible options network load;
• The type of wiring in the house: the number of lines going to the shield depends on it;
• And most importantly: which electrical appliances will be installed in the house.

Depending on the use of the use, you can make a metal or plastic, mounted or built-in electrical wheelchair. Here the selection depends on your individual conditions and preferences, however, there is such an important parameter as the degree of protection against dust and moisture. Shields with varying degrees of protection have different markings.

DENVERUS.:

- the degree of protection of the shield is properly chosen under external conditions. For a street drawer, not in tropics or sugar, enough IP54. He can be in the apartment - just on top did not flood. If the shield next to powerful irrigation systems, then again - IP65 minimum.

Plastic shields are more often installed on the wall indoors. Metal panel-resistant plates are smaller and resistant to atmospheric exposure. Built-in shields are well suited for plasterboard partitions in which it is easy to organize a niche. It is necessary to place a shield so that it is convenient to use.

AVS7153.:

- Small shields are placed by the Eye-level center, large (meters one and a half) - so as to reach the top row without stool. For official electricity meters - 0.8-1.7 m from floor to terminals.

The choice of the correct model of the shield largely depends on the financial capabilities of the homeowner, but it is not worth cheap for cheap. Cheap shields are made of cheap material, poor quality plastics, fragile and with a yellowing time. Such a shield will have to independently "collective me", modifying under your needs. Shields from proven manufacturers are collected on the principle of the designer, everything is calculated in them for convenient installation of the competent and safe electrical system.

An important parameter when choosing a wheelchart is its size, that is, the number of modules that it can accommodate. One single-pole switch - the machine takes one module. The size of the entire shield equipment is also multiple of the width of the module, therefore, knowing the number of automata, the RCD and other devices you need., It is easy to calculate what size shield you will need.

The number of modules of the main elements of the shield:

• single-pole automatic - 1 module;
• single-phase bipolar automatic machine - 2 modules;
• three-pole automatic - 3 modules;
• single-phase UZO - 3 modules;
• three-phase UZO - 5 modules;
• three-phase diphawtomat - 6-8 modules.

The shield is recommended to choose with some reserve of modules. So, if there are 12 modules to accommodate all the elements, it is better to purchase a shield on 16 - in case of a future change in the power supply scheme or the appearance of new electrical appliances that require automatic devices or the RCD. Unused modules, safety and aesthetics, must be closed with plugs. For this, special plastic plugs in the electric boards are applied.

When assembling a complex shield with a large number of components for ease of installation, they are good for orders in advance to march in accordance with the scheme, advises Olechka.. It will be clear and neat.

Designations for labelingmounting components:

Q1, Q2, ... - Roots, automata; DQ1, DQ2, ... - Uzo; Adq1, Adq2, ... - Diffs; HT1, HT2, ... - Cross modules; HL1, HL2, ... - Light fittings; X1, x2, ... - Terminals; N1, N2, ... - zero tires, the tire number corresponds to the NEO number; The combs should be given the designation by the abbreviation and the number of the Uzo, from which we take the phase.

Mounting on the shield modular equipment is easy: standard DIN rails are installed inside the shield, on which all automata and the RCD are fixed to the click. Remove or move them if necessary, too, just enough to press the sponge of the machine with a screwdriver. So that the machines "do not go" on DIN rail, you can use special limiters. Also inside the shield, two tires are installed, designed to connect together all zero and grounding conductors. The zero bus must necessarily be in a closed dielectric case or separated from the metal plastic insulation electrical casing.

To connect, jumpers from the wire are often used to connect among themselves the poles of automata, but it is much more convenient and aesthetically used for this special copper-comb-comb. Anyway, it is important to securely connect automation terminals with combs or wires to ensure good contact.

After assembling and checking the shield, the "last touch" remains: you need to sign all the equipment. For this canused permanent marker, and even better - make simple but beautiful and informative stickers. Example from our user:

- for mounting stickers will be required double sided tape, ordinary transparent scotch, stationery knife and ruler. Open one side of the double tape, stick on a sticky side with a marking paper, tighten with a transparent ordinary tape from above, cut off the edge with a knife - and you have a sticker.

By the same principle, you can "illuminate" scotch and general scheme Shield and arrange it on the inside of the door, if it allows its design.

Independent assembly of the shield and putting it into operation is not so complicated. It is quite forces to many homeowners. However, it is necessary to approach this work, because it is from the correct or improper assembly of the shield that not only the reliability of the power supply system of your home will depend on, but also, first of all, the security of households and the safety of your property.

Join the discussion of the issues on the battleships. See photos with links to their detailed assembly. We offer you an expert assessment of the shield for a small country house, Tips, recommendations and unite our videos with recommendations for an increase in electrical power in the house using the inverter, as well as information and tips on the electrical protection device.

There are several different species Switchboards, each of which has its own design features and scope. In this article we give a brief description and purpose existing species Switchboards.

Classification of electrical shields in the method and installation site

By the method of installation, switchboards are three species: overhead, embedded and outdoor. Overhead shields are mounted directly on the wall, support or other construction facilities. Basic distinctive feature The shields of this type are that all its housing is located outside.

Built-in shields are mounted in a pre-prepared recess in the wall. Thus, only the lid is visible outside, and the entire body is recessed in the wall.

The floor panel is installed directly on the floor surface or mounted on a special stand.

As for the installation site, in this case the electrical shields are an outdoor or internal installation. The ability to install an outdoor panel is determined by its constructive features, namely, the presence of appropriate protection of the case.

There are several power protection degrees that show where the shield can be installed. The most common degrees of protection of the electrical shield hull:

IP20, IP30 - shields installed indoors without high humidity, as they do not have protection against moisture, are distinguished by the degree of protection against foreign objects;

IP44, IP54 - shields have a higher degree of protection against foreign objects, have protection against moisture, are installed in rooms with high humidity, as well as outdoors, but subject to protection against jets of water;

IP55, 65 - shields installed in rooms with aggressive environmental conditions, as well as outdoors. Have sufficient protection against moisture, rain and can be installed outdoors without additional protection. The data of the housing of the shields have full protection against contact, differ in dust protection - the first has partial protection against dust, the second - complete dustiness of the case.

Outside the premises are installed housings of bumps of overhead and outdoor types. The shields are mounted on the walls of buildings and structures, on supports, stands or directly on the equipment case.

Electrical material material

The housing of electrical shields can be made of plastic or metal. Plastic shields (boxes) are used as small distribution panels indoors. The entire body of such flaps is made of plastic, the cover is performed from transparent plastic for the convenience of monitoring the status of protective devices and various devices.

Metal shields can be performed entirely of metal, and can have inserts from glass or transparent plastic on the front panel to be withdrawn by reading the metering devices, control over the mode of operation of various devices, etc.

DIN rails for installing electrical apparatuses in all shields, regardless of the case material, made of metal. The metal housings of the shields are completed with special mounting panels, which can be mounted various devices and electrical devices, as well as allowing the necessary modular devices to be installed.

To ensure the required degree of protection, the electrical panel case may have rubber seals, hermetic cable glands that provide the dustiness and tightness of the case. Metal housings of shields, as a rule, have locking devices that prevent unauthorized persons in them.

Size of the casing of the shield

The camshaft housings are also classified by size. On the size of the shield case, it depends on how electrical apparatuses and other devices can be mounted in it, how many cable lines can be charged and there is enough space to connect them.

In this case, the main characteristics is:

internal scope;

the number of modular seats on the DIN rail;

mounting panel size;

the number of cable inputs.

Classification of electrical shields for purpose

The types of electrical shields considered above can be completed with various electrical devices, protective devices and have different purposes. Consider the main types of switchboards for their intended purpose.

I lie - an introductory switchgear.The cabinets of this type are installed to receive electricity from the source - power transformers or from the supply lines of the electrical network.

In this shield, switching and protective devices are mounted, and various devices of protection and automation can be additionally mounted, accounting devices. This shield performs the distribution of electricity to other shields located in the building.

Greg - Main Distribution ShieldIn fact, it is the same man and performs the same functions - the reception and distribution of electricity to supply power to the papers of another destination, which are considered in the following paragraphs.

In large distribution panels of enterprises, various electrical installations, measuring instruments and accounting devices are installed to control the operating mode of the shield equipment, as well as accounting for electricity consumed, both in general and on separate outgoing lines that supply other destination shields.

Shield ABR- shield of automatic reserve input. This shield is completed with automation devices that control the parameters of the electrical network and switch the power of consumers from the backup power supply in the event of a power loss on one of the sources. As a backup power source, one of the feed lines, the generator or the battery can be.

Shah - shield lighting or heating. In these cabinets, electrical apparatus and other elements are installed, designed to control the lighting equipment or the heating of the room, equipment that requires overestimation.

Schs - power shieldIt is designed to power the power consumers at the facility where there is a separation of chains and electrical receivers. Also this marking may mean that this is a communication shield.

In the housing of the communication shield, various telecommunication equipment, communications, information collection from various equipment and facilities in the enterprise are mounted.

Shhe - store shield. It is installed on the floors of apartment buildings in a special niche or directly on the wall of apartment buildings, serve to take electricity from rching (SERM) and distributing it into several apartment plates.

Shch - shield apartment. It is installed on the floor either directly in the apartment. This shield establishes a device for taking into account this apartment, as well as protective devices.

Two shields can be installed - one on the floor, in it the introductory protective devices and the accounting device are mounted, the second flap is installed directly in the apartment, it has been distributed in several electrical wiring lines and installed protective devices.

Schism, Schu and SchA - Shield of protection, management and automation. These types of shields can be found in electrical installations, a number of devices are mounted in these shields to implement the protection and automation of equipment for distribution substations, power plants, industrial enterprises.

These shields are often combined into one shield, in which protection devices, automation and control and control elements are mounted separate element Equipment, equipment group, or by a plot of an electrical network. Abbreviation Schu may also show that this is a billing shield.

Schchn - the shield of his own needs. It is, in fact, the main distribution shield, only this shield serves solely to power the devices located on the object - the so-called their own needs. Such shields are installed in electrical installations of electrical stations, distribution substations.

Own needs include: heating and cooling systems of equipment, power supply devices of power transformers, equipment control circuit, lighting, room heating, etc.

For nutrition of exhaust consumers, separate distribution devices are installed (shields). In the shields of their own needs, the same elements are mounted as in the city, lying, as well as automation devices, in particular, AVR.

Shpite - Shield direct current . Used in electrical installations of stations, substations, enterprises for receiving and distributing DC circuits. The reception of the electrical energy of the DC is carried out from batteries, special charge units, rectifier installations.

Permanent current is distributed to separate lines as an operational current to power various devices of protection, automation and control equipment. In this shield, switching and protective devices are mounted, as well as measuring instruments for monitoring the charging mode of batteries, load values \u200b\u200band voltage.