Why is water used in radiators. Water heating radiators. Panel with valve adjustment

There are many heating systems with various variations, species and subspecies. Among this multitude, ordinary water heating occupies a huge niche. What explains this popularity and why is water used in hot water radiators? The fact is that it is water that is the cheapest and at the same time universal coolant. The classification of water-based heating types can be carried out according to several principles. According to the principle of operation, heating is divided into 2 types:

Water heating, working on the principle of natural circulation: based on various physical laws, a pipe system is developed in such a way that water moves through it in a natural way; Water heating based on the forced circulation principle, using special pumps.

For the following classification, the space heating method takes place:

Conventional heating system using batteries: hot water radiators can be made from various ...

0 0

Hello dear Reader!

I want to tell you about what heating systems I had to deal with.

Some he exploited, some he collected himself, including heating systems for private houses.

I learned a lot about their pros and cons, although, probably, not everything. As a result, I made for my house:

First, its own scheme; secondly, it is quite reliable; third, it allows modernization.

What will it be about

I suggest not delving into a detailed study of various heating schemes.

Let's consider them from the point of view of their application in a private house.

A private house can be for permanent residence, and temporary, like a summer residence, for example.

So to say, let's narrow down our topic and get closer to practice.

0 0

Besides stove heating water heating in country houses has become increasingly popular.

The equipment of such heating takes up little space in the house, it is reliable and durable. The principle of operation is that water is heated in the boiler, which is then distributed to the room radiators through pipes, and then returned back. The flow of water is due to the operation of the circulation pump. Antifreeze or water is constantly circulating in a closed circuit of the water heating system.

Heating is based on a steel or cast iron boiler, fired with solid, liquid fuel or natural gas or centralized electricity.

In addition to the main components, the system also includes devices for regulating operation: an expansion tank (where excess water and antifreeze go, which happens when heating), thermostats, a circulation pump, ...

0 0

Water heating, as its name implies, presupposes the presence in its composition of such an element as water, which is a heat carrier here, that is, it ensures the delivery of thermal energy from its generator (boiler, stove) to the place of its consumption - radiators located in different places premises or in different rooms at home. What can be the water heating of a private house, what are its advantages and disadvantages?

Heat sources, circulation and wiring schemes

Depending on the type of elements with which the room is heated, water heating systems can be:

Radiator - the most common, at present, their type, the role of heating devices in which radiators (batteries) play different types; in the form of water "warm floors" with heating elements made of pipes, which are located at the base flooring and through which the heated coolant circulates - a more modern, but even less common type ...

0 0

In this article, we will try to determine the main criteria that must be followed when choosing water heating radiators. After all, not only the temperature and humidity of the air in the room, but also the amount of utility bills, the aesthetic appeal of rooms and even the health of family members depend on what equipment is installed in the apartment.

Heat transfer in nature is carried out in three ways: by transferring heat from one body to another - thermal conductivity, due to the transfer of heat in gases, bulk media or liquids by flows of matter - convection, and due to the electromagnetic radiation of a body, which is in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium - thermal radiation ...

Naturally, the action of any heating system is based on one of the above physical processes. So, in all houses built in the Soviet and post-Soviet times, heat enters the apartments by natural convection: heated hot water ...

0 0

Comfortable operation of the hot water heating system is not only uniform heating of the room, reliability and minimum costs for energy resources. The quiet operation of the heating system is also a very important parameter.

Constant gurgling, gurgling, extraneous knocks in pipes and radiators greatly irritate residents of houses and apartments. Such sounds are especially unpleasant at night, when there is peace and quiet around. Consider the causes and remedies extraneous sounds in the hot water heating system. As a rule, gurgling and gurgling occurs in heating pipes where air locks appear.

The reasons for the ingress of air into the coolant and noise in the heating pipes are as follows:

1. Air enters the system due to leaking connections. Connections on taps, fittings. radiators, over time, can be broken. Even a small leak that is difficult to see can cause air to enter the system. Review all connections, if necessary, tighten the detachable connections, ...

0 0

Water heating of a private house is more convenient than a conventional stove (without a water circuit), especially if it is necessary to heat several rooms at once. In addition, such heating allows you to take out the heating process itself outside the living rooms. In this article, we will look at what water heating can be, depending on the boiler used, the type of coolant circulation and the pipe layout.

-\u003e Working principle and basic elements

-\u003e Types of coolant circulation

-\u003e Features natural circulation

-\u003e Forced circulation heating

-\u003e Combined circulation

-\u003e Types of pipe routing

Sometimes water heating is called steam, but this is incorrect, since steam is a separate type and does not use water as a heat carrier, but water vapor. Even the very name of these two types of heating speaks about it. Here we will consider exactly the option with a liquid heat carrier.

Principle...

0 0

When installing the system, it is very important to decide which water heating radiators are best to use. Consider characteristics of each type.

Cast iron radiators

Cast iron batteries are the most traditional battery type and have been in use for many decades.

Today, cast iron hot water radiators are often produced in a modern aesthetic design with flat facades. These are inexpensive, strong and durable batteries that can last 50 years or more.

The disadvantage of cast iron radiators is not the highest level of heat transfer. Large thermal inertia causes the batteries to heat up for a long time after starting the system. They also have a significant internal volume, which makes them ineffective when used in individual heating systems. In addition, cast iron radiators are heavy and bulky.

They are not designed for high working pressures. The fragility of cast iron makes radiators poorly resistant to water hammer.

Ogint cast iron radiators are an excellent example of how modern developments can improve technologies whose quality and efficiency have been proven over the years.

Cast iron radiators from Ogint are attractive modern design and durability. Cast iron batteries have all the necessary certificates of conformity, and their reliability is confirmed by a 2-year warranty from the manufacturer.

Ogint cast iron radiator catalog:

Steel radiators

This is another traditional type of battery. In this category, two types of water heating radiators can be produced - panel and tubular. Panel panels are the most common on the Russian market. They consist of two stamped steel sheets welded together. Difficult terrain sheets forms channels inside the radiator through which the coolant moves.

Steel radiators are distinguished by good heat transfer, have an aesthetic design and a wide variety of options in terms of dimensions. Their low weight makes them easy to mount on various surfaces. However, steel radiators cannot withstand high operating pressure and are extremely sensitive to water hammer, therefore, their use is allowed only in individual heating systems.

Aluminum radiators

This type of heating devices is also intended only for individual systems, since they cannot withstand high pressure, can become clogged with dirty heat transfer fluid and corrode if the water has a pH level above 8.

These radiators have maximum thermal output due to the high thermal conductivity of aluminum. They also have minimal thermal inertia and heat up almost immediately after starting the system. Their design allows for intense convection and radiant heat transfer, which significantly improves heating efficiency.

Due to their small internal volume, they have high efficiency, and the operation of the boiler equipment is carried out in a gentle mode. It also allows for efficient use of temperature controllers.

Aluminum is a very light metal, which explains the low weight of the batteries. Due to this, aluminum radiators for hot water heating are quickly and easily mounted without any serious requirements for the strength of the base.

Ogint aluminum radiators undergo a multi-stage quality control according to the OGINT Protect system in full compliance with the ISO 9002 standard, a 5-year warranty is provided.

Ogint aluminum radiators catalog:

Bimetal radiators

Another modern type are bimetallic water heating radiators. They are composed of two metals.

The coolant moves along strong steel pipes, which are housed in an aluminum casing with fins. This design maximizes the benefits aluminum radiators in centralized heating systems.

Batteries of this type are characterized by maximum durability and are able to withstand significant operating pressure, as well as withstand water hammer well. At the same time, the aluminum housing provides high heat transfer.

Bimetal is a beautiful and reliable radiator that has a small internal volume and minimal thermal inertia, which allows the use of devices for manual or automatic adjustment of each battery.

All our radiators have all the necessary certificates and meet high quality requirements. They are perfectly adapted to Russian conditions, providing efficient heating and long service life.

When contacting our company, you order excellent radiators from a direct manufacturer. This means that the supply price will be as profitable as possible. Take this opportunity and contact us through the contact form on the website or by phone.

Radiator heating system is the most common option for heating buildings. The principle of operation consists in the flow of heated liquid (usually water) from the boiler through pipes to radiators, which transfer heat to the room. Such heating is of different types depending on certain parameters.

Classification by type of radiators

Radiators used in heating systems may differ from each other in design and material of manufacture.

Sectional

These batteries are made up of identical sections. The radiator is assembled according to the required dimensions and power.

They can be made of cast iron, aluminum or aluminum and steel (bimetallic).

Tubular

Closed system

Its main difference is the presence of a closed tank, resembling a capsule in shape. It is divided into two parts by a membrane partition: one half contains water and the other contains nitrogen under pressure. Principle of operation: the liquid is heated to the desired temperature, moves to the expansion tank and equalizes the pressure. The water moves back with a pump.

Such a system is capable of heating large areas, it is capable of providing heat to a building of any number of storeys. Therefore, it has been widely used on a private and industrial scale.

Has a number of advantages:

Thanks to the tank, the liquid does not evaporate, there is no need to monitor the water level.
The equipment is not subject to corrosive deposits and oxidation.
By adjusting the pressure at the outlet and inlet are the same, so the pipes are not subject to water hammer.
Long service life.
High efficiency due to fast heating and good heat dissipation.

Hello dear Reader!

I want to tell you about what heating systems I had to deal with.

Some he exploited, some he collected himself, including heating systems for private houses.

I learned a lot about their pros and cons, although, probably, not everything. As a result, I made for my house:

first, its own scheme;
secondly, it is quite reliable;
third, it allows modernization.

I suggest not delving into a detailed study of various heating schemes.

Let's consider them from the point of view of their application in a private house.

After all, a private house can be for permanent residence, and temporary, like a summer residence, for example.

So to say, let's narrow down our topic and get closer to practice.

About ten years, I guess I was wrong. I started servicing the first heating system 33 years ago, when I was a student at the Ural Polytechnic Institute. I was lucky to get a job in the boiler room of the institute as a locksmith on duty. True, then I did not even think about what kind of system it is there? And that's all.

The work was sometimes difficult, when there was some kind of accident. And if everything is fine - beauty, sit and teach yourself the notes. I was on duty at night, in the morning to study, "to school," as we said then. Two nights later, back on duty. And most importantly, they paid 110 - 120 rubles! At that time, young professionals received the same. Yes, plus a scholarship of 40 rubles. Luxurious life! But let's get closer to the warmth.

From the name itself, it is clear that heating occurs with heated air. The air is heated by a heat generator and then enters the premises through air ducts. The cooled air is returned to heating through the return channels. Quite a comfortable system.

The first heat generator in history was a stove. She heated the air, which dispersed through the channels in the order of natural circulation. This kind of air heating system has been used in the past centuries in advanced urban homes.

Now they use a variety of heat generators-boilers: gas, solid fuel, diesel, electric. In addition to natural circulation, forced circulation is also used. It is, of course, more efficient:

First, it warms up the premises much faster;
Secondly, it has a higher efficiency, since heat is removed from the heat generator much more efficiently;
Thirdly, it can be combined with an air conditioning system.

You probably already understood that there is no "smell" of a private house here. Yes, that's right, for a private house this heating scheme is too cumbersome and expensive. Some calculations are worth what, but if you make a mistake, it will be, as they say, fatal.

But let's not get upset. If you still want to be heated with air, there is a way out. This is a fireplace.

Moreover, in my opinion, not an ordinary fireplace-eater of wood, but the cast-iron fireplace insert shown in the picture above. it perfect option home cozy wood-burning heat generator. It is designed specifically for heating the air, and not brick, like a traditional fireplace.

Air enters the space under the fireplace (where the firewood is for the entourage), flows around its heated body. Then it flows around the hot chimney through the fireplace box and exits through the holes in the upper part of the box. By the way, air ducts can be connected to these holes and hot air can be distributed throughout the premises.

It is quite a worthy option, only if you do it with air ducts, then during construction you need to remember to put them in walls and ceilings. Some people also put airflow on, creating forced ventilation. But this, in my opinion, is already overkill. It is pleasant to listen to the crackling of wood by the fireplace, not the noise of the fan.

I think it is worth mentioning also fan heaters and heat guns... These are, so to speak, mobile air heating units. Very useful devices, especially when the main heating system is not working or you need to quickly "warm up" the air in the room. But, in my opinion, they cannot be considered as the main heating option.

So, a fireplace insert as a source of air heating is a good, and, moreover, a pleasant solution for a private house.

Water heating at home

In this case, the heating medium is water or special liquids, for example, non-freezing. Here, heat sources are also very different depending on the fuel. But if there is warm air in the air system comes into the room, then into the water air of the room heated by applianceswho give him accumulated heat.

And water accumulates a lot of heat. There is such a concept: "heat capacity", remember? If in your own words,

The heat capacity of water is the amount of heat that needs to be transferred to the water in order for its temperature to rise by one degree.

So this indicator near the water is very good. Look at the table on the right.

It turns out that we get a gorgeous coolant practically for nothing.

Yes, the water system is somewhat more complicated, but also more flexible.

Imagine that heated water can be supplied through pipes anywhere and there it will give up the accumulated heat.

And the pipes can be easily hidden in the walls, or you can not hide them at all, modern ones look very aesthetically pleasing.

How does water give off heat? For this, several types of devices have been created:

Radiators are massive, for example cast iron, sections assembled into batteries.

Hot water flows inside them. They give off thermal energy mainly due to infrared radiation (radiation).

They are usually steel or aluminum, rarely copper. The ambient air, warming up from the convector, begins a natural upward movement. That is, a flow (convection) of air is created, which removes heat from the convector.

Modern aluminum appliances also belong to convectors, although they are called radiators. It should be noted that now almost all thermal devices for water heating are called radiators, although strictly speaking, this is wrong. But let's not be clever.

Air is pumped through them, which must be heated. Used frequently in systems supply ventilation to heat incoming cold air from outside.

"Warm walls" - used in the seventies in panel housing construction. A steel pipe coil was embedded in the concrete panels, into which water was supplied from the heating system. I remember from childhood the warm walls of panel five-story buildings.

The water system can be successfully used in a private house. If this is a summer cottage, you can fill in an anti-freeze coolant instead of water and not worry about defrosting the system.

Let's take a closer look at the options for heating systems for low-rise buildings.

Scheme of a gravity heating system

Why gravity? Because the water in it actually flows by itself. When heated in the boiler, the water rises up, and then, gradually cooling in the radiators, flows down and returns to the boiler. The system is simple, but mandatory conditions it is necessary to observe:

The pipe should be of a fairly large diameter from 50 mm, and preferably 76 mm or more.
The pipe is laid with a slope to ensure the gravity of water.

Sometimes this very pipe heats the room without radiators and convectors due to its large mass and surface. Such pipes are called registers; they can be found at train stations and bus stations in old small towns. In private houses, it is rarely used now - it does not look very aesthetically pleasing. Imagine - there is a thick pipe in the room, and even an inclined one.

A very great advantage of this system is that it does not need a circulation pump, the water circulates itself. If the boiler is wood, coal or gas - no power outages are terrible, complete autonomy and independence. I say this because I myself am in trouble with power outages.

A feature of a gravity system, which is considered a disadvantage, is that it is open, that is, it communicates with air and there is no pressure in it. This means that an open expansion tank is needed and the water gradually evaporates, you need to monitor this. Of course, this is not a very serious drawback. I am more repelled by high inclined pipes.

For a private house, a closed heating system, in my opinion, the best option... Better to say closed. Closed means not having contact with air. This is where new elements come in:

Diaphragm expansion tank to compensate for the expansion of water when heated;
Circulation pump for pumping water through the system;
Safety group - make-up valve (to add water to the system in case of a leak), pressure gauge, safety valve (to release steam when water boils).

This is a more modern, aesthetic option. Radiators are used here, and more often aluminum convectors, thin metal-plastic or polypropylene pipes... There is no need to add water, think about the slope of the pipes, they can generally be hidden in walls or ceilings.

You can put beautiful aluminum or bimetallic radiators, heated towel rails. I use two boilers in one system - an electric boiler and a fireplace insert water circuit. As if it turned out well.

The disadvantage of the system is that it cannot work without electricity for the circulation pump. Moreover, if the firebox is “under steam”, and the electricity has run out, it can result in a “boomsik” with steam emission and a lot of noise. I know from myself. The impression is that the pipes are knocked with a hammer.

Therefore, the pump was connected to an uninterruptible source (like a computer) so that there was time to safely cool the firebox. And also the outlet of the safety valve is in the sewer.

Two-pipe heating system

There are two options for connecting radiators to the heating system:

The only plus of a one-pipe system is savings on pipes. But the minus is significant - the radiator closest to the boiler is the hottest, and the farthest one is the coldest. And it is also problematic to turn off some kind of radiator - they are all in the same circuit. If this is not critical, why not use this option? This is a perfectly normal scheme.

The two-pipe scheme is more flexible:

All radiators are in almost equal conditions. Each water is supplied at the same temperature;
You can set your own temperature on each radiator by regulating the flow of water through it;
You can painlessly shut off the water supply to any radiator, for example, when it is hot or you need to flush the radiator;
More convenient for increasing the number of radiators.

Thus, in my opinion, the two-pipe scheme is more preferable.

For the sake of justice, it must be said that in the two-pipe version the last radiator is somewhat "offended", it gets less heat. The reason is that the pressure difference between supply and return on it is practically zero and the water flow is minimal.

So what choice did I make?

I installed an air-water heating system in my house. The fireplace is responsible for the air. The closed two-pipe water circuit includes an electric boiler, a fireplace insert water circuit and 40 aluminum radiator sections (6 radiators). 64 square meters the first floor in any frost is heated in excess.

That's all for today. In the following articles I will bring to your attention the system gas heating, warm floor, infrared heating. Comment, ask questions. Thanks, see you!