The main types of lamps. Types and types of modern lamps. Types of lighting devices

Depending on the light source, industrial lighting can be natural, artificial and combined.

Daylight- this is the illumination of premises with daylight of the sky (direct or reflected), penetrating through the light openings in the external enclosing structures. Natural lighting of industrial premises can be provided through windows in the side walls (side), through the upper light openings, lanterns (upper), or both at the same time (combined lighting). Overhead and combined natural lighting has the advantage of providing more even lighting in rooms, while side lighting creates significant irregularities in lighting areas near and far from side wall windows.

Artificial lightingdesigned to illuminate work surfaces at night or when natural light is insufficient. It is created by artificial light sources (incandescent or gas-discharge lamps) and is subdivided into working, emergency, security and duty. Emergency lighting is divided into safety lighting and evacuation lighting. Artificial lighting can be general and combined.

General lightingdesigned to illuminate the entire room, it can be uniform or localized. General uniform illumination creates conditions for performing work anywhere in the illuminated space. With general localized lighting, the luminaires are placed in accordance with the arrangement of the equipment, which allows you to create more illumination in the workplace.

Combined lightingconsists of general and local. It is advisable to arrange it when working with high accuracy, as well as when it is necessary to create a certain direction of light or change in the process of work.

Local lightingdesigned to illuminate only work surfaces and does not create the necessary illumination even in the adjacent areas. It can be stationary and portable. The use of only local lighting in industrial premises is not allowed.

Work lighting- lighting that provides standardized lighting conditions (illumination) in rooms and in places where work is performed outside buildings.

Emergency lightingit is necessary to provide if the shutdown of working lighting and the related disruption of equipment maintenance can lead to an explosion, fire, long-term disruption of the technological process, disruption of the operation of power plants, water pumping installations and other similar facilities. The lowest illumination generated by emergency lighting should be 5% of the illumination standard for working lighting, but not less than 2 lux inside buildings and not less than 1 lux for the territory of enterprises. Luminaires of emergency lighting are connected to an independent power source for continued operation.

Security lighting- lighting to continue work in case of emergency shutdown of working lighting.

Evacuation lightingis intended for safe evacuation of people from premises in case of emergency shutdown of working lighting in places dangerous for the passage of people on stairs. Luminaires for evacuation lighting are connected to a network independent of the working lighting.

Security lightingenvisaged along the borders of the territory, protected at night; it should provide an illumination of 0.5 lux at ground level.

Emergency lightingdesigned for minimal artificial lighting for guard duty during non-working hours, coinciding with the dark.

For security and emergency lighting of the premises, a part of the working or emergency lighting fixtures is allocated.

During the operation of lighting installations, it is necessary to provide for regular cleaning from contamination of lamps and glazed openings, timely protection of lamps that have exhausted their service life, control of voltages in the lighting network, systematic repair of elements of the lighting installation, regular painting of walls and ceilings, control of illumination at workplaces.

Monitoring the state of lighting installations, which is necessary to maintain the required illumination at workplaces, is carried out periodically (but at least once a year). Illumination at workplaces is checked using lux meters. The timing of cleaning lamps and glazing depends on the dustiness of the room: for rooms with insignificant dust emissions - 2 times a year; for premises with significant dust emission - from 4 to 12 times a year. For the convenience and safety of cleaning, use mobile carts, telescopic ladders, hanging cradles; with a suspension height of the luminaires up to 5 m, it is allowed to service them from ladders and ladders by at least two persons. Cleaning of the luminaires should be carried out with the power off.

Luminaires are devices that distribute artificial light in living quarters, offices and outdoors. With their help, you can visually enlarge the space, create a romantic or festive atmosphere, focus on interior details (mirrors, paintings).

Types of lamps

In the general classification, two types of luminaires are distinguished: industrial and domestic. Industrial luminaires are intended for offices and industrial premises, household luminaires for residential buildings and apartments.

What are

• - functional luminaires that are suitable for spacious rooms and rooms with low ceilings. For large rooms, chandeliers with additional cords or chains and bulbs are used. Mini lampshades fit into a small space.
• Sconces are wall lights that are used for lighting. Mirror finishes require directional lighting. Shades made of frosted or colored glass create an even background illumination.
• Floor lamp - a lamp for a bedroom, gives a soft dim light. Such devices can be placed at different heights from the floor. They are also installed in the corners. dark rooms or light up the reading space in living rooms.

• A night light is a table lamp that projects an optical image onto the ceiling or walls of a room. The designs are most often used for children's rooms, made in the form of animals.
• Spotlights are high power lighting devices used to illuminate industrial premises.
• Low voltage, built in dropped ceilings... Feature: can change the light in the desired direction. Suitable for large industrial premises.
• Bus bars are small rails on the ceiling with swivel lights mounted in them. They fit well into the design of the kitchen, dining room, living room, hallway.
• LED luminaires are devices whose light sources are LEDs. Pluses of designs: energy saving, durability, compactness.

What materials

1. Wood is an environmentally friendly material, products from which will create an atmosphere of warmth and harmony in the interior. Suitable for high-tech style.
2. Glass is a decorative material used in decoration modern interiors... Such products will bring lightness and airiness to the atmosphere of the room.
3. Rattan is a natural material that is lightweight and reliable. Rattan products are favorably combined with modern styles, creating an atmosphere that is conducive to relaxation.
4. Fabric is a material that has interesting draperies. Will create a romantic atmosphere in the house.
5. Paper is a material that harmonizes cool elements in modern European interiors.
6. Metal lamps are a durable and wear-resistant material, often used in decor. Forged elements add lightness and sophistication to the room.
7. Gypsum lamps are a material suitable for the decoration of strict interiors in monochrome colors.

How do they work

The lamp consists of a lamp and auxiliary elements that drive the mechanism: a starter and a choke.

• The starter is a neon lamp with two bimetallic electrodes. Voltage is applied to the lamp, a discharge is formed in it, after which the starter elements are closed. A strong current flows between the lamp bulb and the starter electrodes.

Then the electrodes open the system, the voltage rises sharply through the choke. Under the influence of voltage, the gas gap in the light bulb breaks through, and it lights up.

• The choke is connected to the lamp in series, so the voltage is divided into both elements, the starter is connected in parallel, so there is not enough voltage to re-short the starter electrodes.

The choke limits the current after turning on the device, maintains the stable operation of the lamp.

Luminaire characteristics

1. Luminous flux - the power of light radiation, which is perceived by a person as visible light. The unit of measurement is lumen.
2. Luminous intensity is the ratio of the luminous flux that propagates inside the solid angle to this angle. The value is measured in candelas.
3. Luminous efficiency - the ratio of the luminous flux to the electrical power used by it. The unit is lumens per watt.
4. Illumination - a value that determines how much luminous flux is per unit area of \u200b\u200bthe illuminated surface. Measured in suites.
5. Color temperature is a quantity that indicates the intensity (spectrum) of radiation. The unit of measurement is kelvin.
6. Color rendering index is characterized by naturalness and correctness of image reproduction.
7. Luminosity is the ratio of the luminous flux coming from the considered small area of \u200b\u200bthe surface to the area onto which the light is emitted. Measured in watts per m2.

The standard set of the luminaire includes the device body, driver and model with lamp. Additional accessories include: sockets, electromagnetic ballasts, electronic transformers, starters, lamp holders, chokes.

Benefits

• illuminate the room completely;
• variety of designs;
• comfortable color rendering;
• durability when used correctly;
• will add luxury and elegance to the interior.

• choice of color temperature;
• regulation of light brightness;
• ecological cleanliness;
• colored decorative lighting;
• compactness and flexibility of modules.

• mobility;
• energy saving;
• the ability to use directional light;
• ease of use;
• devices can be carried;
• suitable for different styles.

• creation of illumination of decorative elements and background lighting;
• the possibility of space zoning;
• wide range of applications;
• small size;
• easy to install and use.

• long-term;
• high brightness;
• resistance to mechanical damage;
• low energy consumption;
• the ability to create directional light.

• environmental Safety;
• ease of use and disposal;
• does not require a constant current source for operation;
• made of durable materials (aluminum, polycarbonate);
• the ability to use directional light.

• used to create a standby light in rooms;
• original design and interesting forms of devices for children;
• possibility of transportation;
• compactness;
• ease of use.

• anti-corrosion properties;
• wear resistance;
• the ability to change the direction of light;
• durability.

Problems

• difficult installation;
• you need careful care;
• low security;
• large product sizes.

• fragility;
• unpleasant glow spectrum;
• large in size;
• operation requires expensive power supplies and cooling systems.

• light up a small space;
• potential flammability;
• dependence of the device on the outlet.

• not used for main lighting;
• there is no way to hide the wiring;
• small luminous flux;
• potential flammability.

• difficulty in operation;
• burn out from overheating;
• high frequency flicker;
• high price.

• sensitivity to interruptions in voltage;
• fragility.

• dim lighting;
• low color intensity;
• cannot be used as main lighting.

• limited functionality;
• instability of electric current.

How to choose a lamp

• Decide for what purpose you need a lamp. Consider room size and safety precautions. In rooms with high ceilings, use hinged products; for low ceilings, ceiling appliances with a rigid mount are suitable.

In rooms with a height of 2.5-3 meters, hang the chandelier at a distance of 2-2.2 meters from the floor. If the room is more than three meters high, the choice of location depends on your aesthetic preferences.

• The most durable and durable materials are glass, followed by plastic and metal. Fabric, paper, wood are flammable.
• For a spacious living room, opt for pendant chandeliers with multiple bulbs.
• For kitchens, choose chandeliers with adjustable suspension cord length. Ceiling lamps with two or three shades are suitable. The basic rule is ease of maintenance, as soon carbon deposits will form on the surface of the lamp after droplets of fat settle.

Don't buy textile fixtures, but rather look at options with decorative metal, glass or acrylic elements.

• For children's rooms, buy devices that are interesting in design: in the form of butterflies, flowers, fairy-tale characters. The lighting should be bright, but soft, not creating glare and streaks on the walls.

Avoid models of crystal or thin glass, choose safe materials - textiles or plastic.

• Lamps with a fabric or matte shade will fit favorably into the bedroom, they will give a dim light. You can illuminate the reading corner with sconces or floor lamps with soft lighting.
• Use sconces to illuminate small rooms (hallways, corridors); with the help of lamps of this type, you can change the dimensions of the premises. Sconces with upward orientation visually increase the space in height.

To expand your room, hang your appliances on a wide wall. For a long and narrow corridor, choose rectangular or oblong products. Opt for a chandelier with swivel spots that change the direction of light.

• For overhead lighting in bathrooms, use ceiling lights with matte or white shades. Hang a sconce to accentuate the washbasin or mirror area.
• If a floor lamp is needed for background lighting, its light should be soft and well diffused. If you want to light only part of the room for reading or working, you need a powerful fixture.

For convenience, use products with a table, as a decor - floor lamps. Select the height of the devices depending on the spatial dimensions of the room.

• Choose lamps for functionality. Pay attention to how the light is reflected. The heavier the stand, the better the lamp will hold. Good options - lighting equipment with adjustable height.

The tripod of the tabletop device should be flexible and change the angle of inclination.

• Choose the tone of the chandelier according to the interior. Dark shades absorb light, while white shades reflect. Greenish shades have a calming effect, red ones irritate. Universal option - luminaires that give a soft orange or yellow light.
• Lighting equipment should match the style of the room. Art Deco combines whimsical shapes and a variety of materials.

Country-style lamps are distinguished by the use of plant and rustic themes, made in yellow, light green shades. Cold tones and imitation of candles in shades are used for Provence style lamps.

The urban loft uses a variety of design solutions: lED lights, chandeliers, spotlights, spotlights, etc. The Tiffany style is distinguished by openwork designs, the use of stained glass and forged elements.

• If the room is located on the sunny side, then you will use the lamp only in the evening. You can get by with a floor lamp or a hanging lampshade.

Rooms on the shady side need regular lighting. To do this, place the appliances evenly around the room.

• Decide on the number of fixtures. If you choose one appliance, it should stand out from other pieces of furniture. Use large or medium sized items. When choosing a kit, pay attention to the fact that it is made in one color.

Which is better

The best light should:

• consume little electricity;
• not have power outages;
• correctly positioned along the height of the room;
• be functional, used as intended and illuminate the required space;
• have the necessary strength and brightness of light;
• be easy to use and maintain;
• be made of durable and safe material;
• fit the room in size, radiation intensity, color and style, fit into the overall design.

How to use correctly

• Use special spray detergents to clean the luminaires. Before starting work, disconnect the power supply and wait for the lamp to cool down.

• Second method: remove the lamp, disassemble it in detail and wash it. You can use anti-static wipes for cleaning.

• To wash crystal products, first apply to the surface of the appliance detergent... When the water starts to drain, wipe the technique dry. After 2 hours, you can turn on the lamp.
• Shades made of frosted or transparent glass wipe with a damp sponge soaked in a solution of detergent.
• Store wooden, fabric and paper sconces away from sources of ignition. Remember to disconnect the power supply during repairs.

What is the guarantee for lamps

The warranty period for lamps is 18 months, unless otherwise specified in the device passport.

The warranty does not apply to goods in such cases:

• in case of violation of the rules of storage and operation;
• installation or repair was carried out by unqualified specialists;
• lighting equipment was connected to the network with an inappropriate voltage;
• the user has treated the device carelessly;
• traces of mechanical damage or changes in the design of the device are visible;
• if incorrect color rendition was noticed during the operation of the equipment.

The warranty covers repair, replacement of parts or complete exchange of goods. Batteries, starters and other batteries, as well as additional accessories are not covered by the warranty.

The presentation of a passport for the purchased product and a warranty card is required.

• Lack of contact of the wire with the cartridge. For repair, disassemble the luminaire design. If the chuck of the old model worked in the device, replace it with a new one. Check if the wire is firmly attached to the screws.

To increase the strength of the connection, it is necessary to additionally solder the ends of the wires.

• No contact of the wire with the plug... The wire at the entrance to the plug often breaks down. With such a breakdown, the plug is cut off and replaced with a new one. Pay attention to the diameter of the plugs of the old part.

Solder the wire to the plug for a secure fit. You can add diameter using a thick rubber band or electrical tape.

• Switch does not work... Turn off the switch. Using a multimeter or tester, check how it works. If it cannot transmit electrical signals, then the mechanism is out of order.

Replace the switch or connect the wires directly. Then the lamp will light up immediately after switching on.

• Broken wire... A sign of a breakdown is the blinking of a light bulb during transfer. Replace the wire with a new one with the same size. If the bends in the cord are sharp, use plastic or rubber tubing to extend the life of the appliance.

For serious breakdowns, contact a specialist.

Luminaire manufacturers

A lighting company that was founded in 2001. Assortment - more than 800 items of goods. Models of halogen and energy-saving lamps, table lamps and floor lamps have been developed.

Lighting equipment manufactured using LED technology is introduced into production.

A company that manufactures lighting equipment of non-standard shapes and designs. Materials - bronze, crystal, minerals. Among the products are chandeliers, wall sconces, table lamps, floor lamps, candlesticks and candelabra.

Services are offered for the reconstruction of outdated lamps, dismantling of lighting equipment, equipment repair. The wishes of the client are taken into account, it is possible to place an individual order.

The company, which was founded in 1994 in Denmark and first specialized in the production of halogen lamps in scandinavian style... Today - production for the manufacture of lighting equipment for residential premises and offices of any style.

When developing new products, it focuses on proven technologies and original design. Among the clients are construction hypermarkets and companies, lighting stores.

Products are certified and labeled, with a high level of technical safety... The price is reasonable.

The models of the Italian company combine European fashion, elegance and classics with original and sophisticated design. Color solutions: golden, steel, orange, bright red; it will be easy to choose lighting equipment for the interior.

Stylish ornaments, streamlining and bizarre geometry of forms are characteristic.

EGLO

An Australian company that specializes in the manufacture of decorative lighting fixtures for interiors and public buildings. Desktop, ceiling and pendant models, spots and wall lamps for bathrooms and children's rooms.

An exclusive brand that is engaged in the production of lighting equipment in different styles in line with modern architectural and design trends. Materials - crystal, glass, fabrics, wood, acrylic.

Luminaires are made using German equipment, then processed manually. The company's products are divided into the following series: Antic, Bergamo, Retro, Royal, Moon, Mocco, Rotonda.

Globo

Popular Australian brand that manufactures original lamps... Models available for indoor and outdoor lighting. Lighting devices and modular systems of the company are popular in 50 countries of the world.

Among the buyers are furniture stores, construction companies. Assortment of goods - more than 2 thousand lighting fixtures.

We also produce halogen products with high technical characteristics, functionality and excellent design. Affordable price.

The range includes interior lamps. Products are distinguished by thoughtful design, in production they are used quality materials and new technologies.

Among the products are wall lamps, chandeliers, sconces, floor lamps and spots that change the direction of light. The designs are different in shape, size, color and style.

The principle of the company is to provide a flexible system of discounts and promotional programs. Reasonable value for money.

The company is engaged in the production of decorative lighting for residential and office premises, shopping centers. The catalog is updated annually, the products are guided by fashionable novelties and technical improvements.

Products with strict certification, environmentally friendly materials are used in production. Plus the company - strong and durable products at an affordable price.

A German brand that specializes in the manufacture of lighting equipment. Crystal is used for production. The company has repeatedly become a participant in international exhibitions. The company's products will make the design elegant and modern.

The assortment of the company is 400 models from 90 series of the company's products. Appliances of different styles are presented: classic chandeliers and pendants, ecological wooden models, modern masterpieces in modern and high-tech style.

A wide range of colors for lampshades and shades. The technique is durable, strong and safe.

Collection of lighting equipment in classic and modern style. The devices are made according to European technologies. Among the products are more than 60 series of chandeliers and 6 series of floor lamps, which will provide a room with top and side light at the same time.

Crystal products are made using Egyptian ASFOUR crystal.

Sonex

Russian manufacturer. Lighting equipment includes pendant and wall lamps, table lamps and floor lamps. The design combines classic and modern motives, various shapes and colors.

Notable collections: Alabastro, Quadro, Sakura, Duna, Ferola. Products are affordable.

Correctly selected and located lighting elements affect the atmosphere and mood of the room, and also give the latter a unique individual character. Lighting is an important issue in the design world.

Renowned factories such as FLOS, LOUIS POULSEN, VIBIA, Catellani & Smith, Brand van Egmond, Lasvit and others are transforming the lighting industry into a true philosophy of light and creating designer lamps that find their place in the most different interiors and exteriors.

There will be many articles in our blog about using different types lamps. We will tell you about the selection rules, touch on the compatibility of lamps and fixtures, and do not forget about the technical aspects. But it is difficult to live without knowledge of theory and classification. Let's dive into it a little.

Lamp typologies

A luminaire is a device that redirects the radiation of a light source (lamp) and concentrates the luminous flux at a certain angle. Depending on the type of luminaire, the light flux inside the fixture is reflected, refracted, distorted and limited to varying degrees. Typically, luminaires are used to illuminate relatively closely spaced objects.

Let's go deeper into the classification. A luminaire is a lighting fixture. So is the spotlight. Exactly! Searchlights are not luminaires, but stand with them on the same level.

The parameter for the difference is the angular concentration with different amplification factors of the luminous flux. Typically, spotlights are used to illuminate distant objects, and are most often used in architectural lighting.

Luminaires are classified according to the most different characteristics, ranging from location, ending with materials and the degree of security. We will introduce you to the most important groups.

1. Classification of luminaires by place of use.

First of all, luminaires are divided into groups according to the place of application:

• for premises;
• for open spaces;
• for extreme environments.

It will not be difficult to imagine lamps for indoor or outdoor spaces: chandeliers, sconces, floor lamps, spots, all kinds street lights and so on. But what is hidden under the classification of "extreme" lamps?

This group includes mainly industrial lighting devices that retain their functions in various difficult conditions. High or low temperature, high humidity or underwater space, fine particles or dust - in these conditions, special lamps must be used.

Underwater lights for fountains. Disneyland.

2. Classification of luminaires by the way of light propagation.

The distribution of light in the room plays an important role in interior design. Therefore, we believe that it is definitely worth considering the classification of luminaires by the way of light propagation:

2.1 - Luminaires generating direct illumination

For luminaires of direct light, at least 80% of the radiation is directed to the lower hemisphere.

Examples of direct light fixtures:

2.2 - Generators of reflected light

Reflected light fixtures channel more than 80% of the radiation into the upper hemisphere. The properties of reflected light are influenced by the shape and direction of the light source, as well as the orientation of the reflective surface and its properties. This type is used when there is a need to avoid shadows. In terms of efficiency, reflected light luminaires are inferior to direct luminaires.

Examples of indirect light fixtures:

2.3 - Diffuse luminaires (diffused light)

Luminaires of this type emit light evenly in all directions, creating soft illumination without glare.

Examples of diffuse light fixtures:

3. Classification of luminaires by place of installation.

In turn, the above types of luminaires are subdivided into groups according to the place of installation.

3.1 - Ceiling

Such lamps abound in shapes, differ in styles, sizes and methods of execution. The material of construction and the light source used are important in such an element of the interior, we will talk about this separately in other articles. It is the ceiling light that, as a rule, is the main one and sets the character of the entire room. By type, ceiling lamps are divided into suspended, waybills and embedded.

Interesting example suspended structure - model PH 50 of the famous Danish factory LOUIS POULSEN. The ascetic style of execution of these luminous sculptures, the impeccability of the lines and the authenticity of the forms from the icon of world design by Paul Henningsen will suit a wide variety of interiors.

3.2 - Wall mounted

Such lamps are indispensable assistants to interior designers in various projects... A wall lamp with soft light in the recreation area will create an atmosphere of comfort and warmth, and a spot lamp will favorably emphasize an important object in the interior.

3.3 - Board

These lighting fixtures are an essential part of any office or workplace. Bedside lamps create an atmosphere of coziness and comfort in the bedroom. In the development of projects, designers always remember the importance of table lamps, which help to solve functional problems.

Take a look at the Kelvin table lamp from the Italian brand FLOS. It is designed in a minimalist style. It combines sophisticated simplicity, convenience and functionality in a versatile decor that reflects the self-confident personality. The lamp can be positioned at any angle (two-knee lamp base).

To turn on the lamp, you just need to touch its surface. It also automatically changes the brightness of the LEDs based on the ambient light level.

3.4 - Floor standing

Most comfortable view lamps. With such a device, you can temporarily add lighting where it is needed (local lighting). The most common example of a floor lamp is a floor lamp.

In this article, we have touched on only the main points regarding the classification of lamps. to our blog to deepen your knowledge of the art of light, and not to miss out on new articles in which we detail each group. We'd love to see your comments.

Lamp concept

For distribution of snow flowin the right direction and protected from glare electric lamps installed in fittings.The lamp together with the fittings is called lamp.The armature redistributes the luminous flux in the desired direction, protects the light source from dust, moisture, etc. The luminaires are placed, whenever possible, in places convenient and safe for maintenance. The types of luminaires are selected depending on the nature of the environment, suspension height, lighting requirements and the interior of the room.

To protect the eyes of the observerfrom the blinding effect of the incandescent filament of an incandescent lamp, each lamp must have a certain value of the protective angle (Figure 10.1).

Luminaires are designed to diffuse the light of incandescent lamps (eliminate the glare) and give aesthetic forms to the lighting system. Glare protectionlamps in luminaires is achieved by using light-scattering shells (diffusers), shielding gratings and rings, as well as by correspondingly burying the lamps in the fittings. These measures create a protective angle at which the filament or the luminous surface of the lamp is not visible. Luminaires also protect incandescent lamps from touching them, in some cases from moisture and dust.

Appointment of lamps

A properly assembled luminaire makes an incandescent lighting system safe and efficient to operate. By the type of lighting systems in which the lamps are used, they are divided into the following types, given in table. 10.1.

Classification of luminaires by purpose Table 10.1

When arranging residential premises of all types, it is impossible to do without lighting devices. Today, a large number of lamps can be found on the market for goods and services. In the selection process, it should be borne in mind that existing species chandeliers can differ not only in shape and size, but also in the method of installation, brightness of lighting. If you choose the right lighting, you can give the room a unique look.

Types of lighting fixtures for the home

The most popular home lighting fixture today is the ceiling chandelier. Typically, such lighting sources are used for residential premises. Due to the variety of shapes, sizes and colors, everyone can choose suitable option based on the design of the room.

Depending on the mounting method, chandeliers can be divided into several groups:

• ceiling - installation is carried out directly to the ceiling; as a rule, such models are small in size and are designed for rooms with low ceilings;
• pendant - suspensions are used as a mounting, which can be adjusted in height, such lamps are classic and are designed for large rooms.

1. Sconce - a wall-mounted luminaire designed for local lighting. On sale you can find models with direct and directional light, as a rule, the second option is used as a backlight for large mirrors.
2. Spotlight - device small size, it is great for suspended and stretch ceilings.
   
   
3. A floor lamp is a type of floor lamp. Such varieties allow you to visually enlarge the room if they are installed in the corners of the room.
   
   
4. Table lamp- a common model of a light source used for a study or a children's room.
   
   
5. Night light - these types of devices, as a rule, are used for children's rooms for projecting various shapes on the walls and ceiling. The most popular option is the starry sky.
   
   

Attention! Spotlights can be installed in furniture or inside a wall.

What types of lamps are

Today on sale you can find a large number of types of spotlights and chandeliers. All existing models can be classified according to a number of characteristics:

• the way of propagation of light - direct, diffused, reflected;
• fastening method - stationary, non-stationary;
• installation method - ceiling, wall, desktop, floor;
• by destination - household, street, industrial;
• by functionality;
• by the type of lamps used - LEDs, halogen, fluorescent, incandescent lamps;
• by the way of power supply - electric network, batteries, individual power supply;
• depending on the shape;
• by the level of protection of the used lamp from moisture and dust;
• by the method of cooling - natural, forced.

Such devices can be remotely controlled, with which you can control the lighting level.

Types of spotlights

All existing varieties of spotlights are divided into groups depending on the installation method, lighting control and functionality.

External or, as they are also called, overhead spotlights are used to install frameless bases:

• concrete ceiling;
• brickwork.

Such devices consist of a special mounting platform and a housing with a diffuser. In this case, a mounting plate with a smaller diameter than the body is used. The body is fastened to the mounting platform using side screws.

Embedded models need a wireframe base:

• plasterboard structures;
• walls and ceilings made of panels or slats;
• stretch ceiling;
• furniture partitions;
• niches in the walls.

An alternative option is to install the appliances in the floor, pool, bar counters or on the stairs.

Suspended views must be mounted at some distance from the surface. To install the lamps, a decorative cable is used, which is previously fixed to the ceiling. It is not required to use additional parts that will strengthen the structure.

Advice! If it is decided to install massive lighting devices in the room, it is recommended to install additional mounting strips.

Types of ceiling lights

If we consider the types ceiling lamps, then it should be borne in mind that they are conditionally divided into the following types:

• superficial;
  
  
• swivel;
  
  
• suspended;
  
  
• waybills;
  
  
• built-in;
  
  
• point.
  
  

Lighting devices can also differ in the emitted light:

• raster;
• halogen;
• incandescent;
• luminescent;
• energy saving.

As a rule, surface, hanging and built-in appliances are perfect for the bedroom and living room. Surface models can be, depending on the shape, round and oblong.

Mounting is carried out to a specific point on the ceiling surface. In order for the lighting to be as bright as possible, it is recommended to illuminate several zones at the same time, as a result of which light sources are installed in the same room in different parts of the room.

What are the chandeliers

On sale you can find a large number of devices for artificial lighting rooms. As you know, chandeliers can be different shapes, size, style, color scheme, they can also differ in the method of installation, the number of built-in lamps.

If considered depending on the system, then we can distinguish suspended and ceiling models. The first option must be attached to the surface using a special hook on a chain or string.

Ceiling models are great for rooms with small ceilings. These chandeliers are shaped like a plate. Models can have a large number of segments or act as a single structure.

Important! Shades can be made of glass, plastic, crystal.

Types of LED strips

There are a lot of varieties of LED strips, they differ among themselves according to a number of criteria. If we consider the method of installation, then there are 2 types: DIP and SMD. If you are using surface mount (SMD), then this means that the LEDs and resistors are soldered to the board at the very top. DIP assumes that the LEDs are inside a special case, from which there are 2 outputs on each side.

Thus, SMD LED strip looks like a flat strip, and SMD looks like a chain of small cylinders. After these abbreviations, the manufacturer indicates 4 numbers, which mean the size of the soldered LED chips. For example, if you purchase led strip SMD 5630, this means the chip size is 5.6mm by 3mm.

Since there are many types of ceiling chandeliers, you need to understand how to choose them correctly. During the purchase process, it is recommended to adhere to the following recommendations:

• in rooms without windows, yellow lamps must be used;
• you should not use fluorescent devices for studio work;
• it is imperative to check what type of fastening is included in the kit, it often happens that manufacturers save money and do not provide fastening elements;
• the chandeliers used must match the design of the room.

It is important to remember that the right lighting can transform a room. In addition, it is possible to visually divide the room into several zones.

Types of chandeliers and lamps: photo in the interior

The types of chandeliers are presented in a wide assortment range, as a result of which an unknowing consumer can get confused in such a variety. If necessary, you can see how specific models look in the interior design and only then make a choice.

Conclusion

The types of chandeliers on sale are amazing and can confuse any person. Before purchasing a lighting device, it is recommended to first study the existing types and types, only after that you can make a purchase decision. It is important to understand that the beauty of the room largely depends on the correctly selected lamps, in addition, with their help, you can visually divide the room into zones or create the effect of a floating ceiling and walls.