Punch tool description. Rotary hammers, their characteristics and comparison of different models. What to consider when buying and choosing a hammer drill

During repairs, it is often necessary to drill holes in stone or concrete partitions or walls, and sometimes it is necessary to remove part of the wall or cut a rather large hole in it.

In good concrete, it is quite difficult to drill even a small hole to the required depth, therefore, for this they use not an ordinary drill, but an impact drill, and use special drill for concrete. If you are coming, you will have to resort to using a puncher.

Some people mistakenly believe that tools such as an impact drill and a hammer drill are one and the same. This is fundamentally wrong, since these tools have completely different operating principles.

The hammer drill has its own hammer mechanism, while the effectiveness of a hammer drill depends entirely on the power of its motor and the force with which the user can press on the tool during operation.

Working with a hammer drill, you can apply a force three times less than when working with a drill. Using a drill is possible:

drill holes in wood, metal, plastic;
drill a brick (in shock mode);
screw in and and self-tapping screws.

A hammer drill is a much more powerful tool, with a resource that is incomparable with that of the best impact drill. In addition to everything that a drill "can", a hammer drill can:

drill stone and reinforced concrete;
chisel with different chisels, with which you can make a break in the wall or grind gutters for
drive in a rod;
beat off tiles or uneven concrete;
tamp.

Rotary hammer classification

To classify this type of instrument is possible. For example, according to the area of \u200b\u200bapplication, all rotary hammers are divided into:

Household.
Professional.

According to the way the device engine is located relative to the impact axis, the units can be divided into two types:

Horizontal - the axis of the electric motor is parallel to the impact axis of the device. Such perforators have an elongated shape and are convenient when working in narrow openings.
Vertical - the motor axis is located perpendicular to the impact axis of the tool, and its shape resembles the letter L. A feature of these devices is good motor cooling.

Additional tool functions

In order to make work as convenient and safe as possible, manufacturers supply their:

Switch stopper - makes it possible not to keep your finger on the switch all the time, which makes it easier to work and relieves unnecessary stress from the hand.
Anti-vibration system - dampens vibrations. This function is equipped with expensive models of the instrument.
Depth Gauge - allows you to determine when the hole reaches the required depth.
Soft start - reduces vibrations of the rock drill immediately after turning it on.
Speed \u200b\u200bmode switch - makes it possible to change the speed according to the task.
Reverse function - helps to free the jammed drill.
Drilling-chiseling switch - allows you to change the operating mode of the tool on the fly.

Some models of rotary hammers are devoid of certain functions, so when buying, you need to pay special attention to this.

How to choose a tool when buying

When purchasing a device, be sure to check it “on the fly”. Turn on the puncher and listen carefully - the device of good quality works without amplifications and knocks.

Then the selected model must be plugged into the network, and when it reaches its maximum speed, turn it off. Pay attention to how the stop occurs - the RPM should decrease smoothly, and not stop with a jerk.
Ask the seller about the availability of the manufacturer's service centers in the city. Check for warranty coverage and warranty period.

How to work with a puncher

In any instruction for the tool, it is enough to use it:

Before installing or changing attachments, the tool must be disconnected from the mains.
The bit shank must be lubricated with grease.
The nozzle is inserted into the chuck.
The perforator is connected to the network, pressing the trigger starts. In this case, the cartridge must rotate without impact.
Drilling is carried out without pressure on the working tool - this can lead to the destruction of the drill.
After each hole, the drill must be cleaned of dust and crumbs.
The tooling must be suitable for the type of work to be performed.
It is necessary to ensure that the tool does not overheat - this will reduce its service life.
It is recommended to use thick rubber gloves when working - this will additionally protect the worker from vibration.
Make sure that the gearbox is always lubricated.

For a craftsman working in dwellings where walls and ceilings are made of bricks and concrete, a hammer drill is as necessary as air. How to choose a hammer drill for your home that meets exactly your needs, how different models differ, what to look for when buying - these and many other questions do not have a clear answer. We'll figure out.

A hammer drill is a specialized power tool, the main task of which is to make holes in concrete, brick and similar hard materials. Most models have a mode switch that turns off the spindle rotation and puts the tool in chiseling mode. In this mode, it works like an electric jackhammer.

What is the difference between a drill and a hammer drill

The drill is designed for drilling. Perforator - for drilling. Common in these modes is only the rotation of the working nozzle.

The photo shows a drill and drill. The drill rotates and cuts off the material layer with a sharp cutting edge. The characteristic spiral shavings are formed.

A carbide nozzle with sharp triangular edges is fixed on the tip of the drill. The drill rotates and at the same time a special hammer drill mechanism strikes it. The material crumbles, the resulting crushing products are removed from the hole by the spiral part of the drill.

The differences between a drill and a hammer drill are not only in the used attachments. Internal design differences go deeper. The hammer drill is equipped with a ratchet. When the user presses on the tool while drilling, the ratchet “crushes” the force of this pressing. This simulates "hammer drilling".

Unlike a drill, the hammer drill has a special pneumatic piston, which is driven by an electric motor and strikes the back of the working attachment.

The drill is firmly clamped in the drill chuck. The drill is fixed in special grooves that allow it to move along the longitudinal axis and simultaneously transmit the rotation of the spindle.

The video shows the basic structure of the hammer drill.

Let's summarize the differences between a drill and a comparable perforator in the table:

	Drill	Puncher
Power (typical)	300-800 W	550-1500 W
Rotational speed	up to 3000 rpm.	Up to 1500 rpm.
Impact energy	not	2-3.5 J
Types of jobs	drilling, screwdriving	drilling, chiseling, drilling, screwdriving
Rigging	Drills, crowns, bits, etc. (clamped into a chuck)	Drills, chisels, crowns with a special shank. Drills, crowns, etc. (using a special adapter cartridge).
The cost	relatively small	big

Rotary hammer specifications

When choosing a perforator, the buyer is guided by its technical characteristics. Without understanding their significance for solving specific practical problems, it is impossible to answer the question of how to choose a hammer drill.

Rotary hammer power

The performance of any power tool depends on its power. The larger it is, the faster the tool performs the task assigned to it. In the case of a hammer drill, a more powerful device makes holes faster.

Rotary hammer power starts from 550 W. The most popular universal models have a power of 780-850 W.

Perforator impact energy

This characteristic determines the force of the piston impact on the working nozzle and is measured in joules. More impact energy - better puncher.

Impact energy depends on the power of the electric motor and on the design of the impact mechanism. Perforators best manufacturers at a relatively low power, they give a strong blow. Second-tier models can be quite powerful, but with a weak impact.

The impact energy of the running models is in the range of 2.4-3.0 J.

Rotary hammer weight

This technical characteristics usually do not pay attention, but in vain. The influence of mass on the convenience of the hammer drill is very large and ambiguous.

On the one hand, the lighter the tool, the more convenient and less tiring to work with. If you need to drill a couple of holes, you can ignore the weight of the device. It is a different matter if there is a long work ahead. The weight of the device becomes especially noticeable when working from an uncomfortable position: from a ladder, on the ceiling, in a tight space.

The small weight of the device can be a disadvantage in some situations. When drilling large holes in hard materials, recoil is noticeable. Nobody canceled Newton's third law. A light hammer drill poorly dampens recoil, the tool bounces off the wall: the impact energy goes not into the wall, but into the operator's hand.

Drill diameter for hammer drill

This is the most informative integral characteristic of the instrument. The larger the maximum drilling diameter in concrete, the more fully the power of the hammer drill is used. Drilling capabilities without hammering are characterized by drilling diameters in wood and metal.

In popular models of hammer drills, the maximum drilling diameter in concrete reaches 24-26 mm, in wood - 32 mm, in steel - 13 mm.

Options and functions

Speed \u200b\u200bcontrol

As a rule, the speed is regulated by pressing the start button. At low speeds, the nozzle rotates more slowly and the impact energy is low. Some models are equipped with a speed limiter.

Reverse

This function is very useful to free a jammed bit. Structurally, the reverse is implemented in two ways: a lever on the trigger (start button) or rotation of the brush assembly.

Which method is better is a moot point. Reversing the trigger is more common, more familiar and easier to use. Therefore, if you intend to use the hammer drill as a powerful screw or nut driver, definitely choose the model with just such a switch in the direction of rotation of the spindle.

Safety clutch

It is supplied to almost all models of rotary hammers, except for the simplest and cheapest. When the nozzle is jammed (and this happens often in work), the clutch disconnects the spindle of the hammer drill and the electric drive, protecting the tool from breakage and the master from injury. It is worth noting that the drill does not have such a device.

Layout

Most rotary hammer models using SDS + bits have a horizontal layout like a traditional drill. The axis of rotation of the electric motor is parallel to the axis of rotation of the spindle.

Some models of light rock drills and almost all of the powerful heavy models of the SDS-max standard have a design in which the axis of rotation of the electric motor and the drill is perpendicular. The body of the device is L-shaped. This decision is due to some design considerations. Among other things, this makes it easier to work with the tool: the center of gravity shifts forward - less effort is required to hold the rock drill.

Tool Mounting Standard: SDS-Plus and SDS-Max

There are many types of shanks. But there are only two undercarriages that are used in the vast majority of models of perforators.

Basically, these two standards differ only in size. The SDS-Plus shank diameter is 10 mm and is used for small diameter drills up to 30 mm. Nozzles bigger size Available with 18 mm SDS-Max shank.

Shanks of different standards differ in configuration. But the function is performed the same: to transfer torque to the working attachment, while allowing it to move along the axis during operation.

Each model of rock drill is produced for a specific standard. There are adapters, but they are exotic. They are rare on sale.

Cordless rotary hammers

They have appeared on the market quite recently. This was facilitated by progress in the development of batteries of sufficient capacity.

The undoubted advantage of these models is the ability to work in places where it is not possible to connect to the mains or it is inconvenient to carry the power cable.

If we compare battery models with network counterparts, then they: weigh a little more, much more expensive and, in addition, their batteries are short-lived.

Consumables

Choosing the right puncher is only half the battle. The hammer drill is unusable without proper equipment.

The choice of equipment is a topic for another article, but it cannot be completely circumvented. To get a general idea, watch the video:

Now you know that a wide variety of attachments are available for rock drills. Not all of them are equally represented on the market. Therefore, you need to decide in advance which attachments will be used in the work and take care of buying them.

The quality of rock drill bits directly determines their durability and cost. A rational approach is needed here too. The cheapest drill will be enough to drill two or three holes. To perform voluminous work, it is more profitable to purchase expensive but durable consumables.

Professional or household?

The division of power tools into "professional" and "household" is very arbitrary. There are manufacturers who classify their products themselves, but there are very few of them.

The main requirement for tools for "professional" use is a large resource and high reliability... Unfortunately, no manufacturer indicates these parameters in the characteristics.

How to choose the right puncher

To buy the best hammer drill, you need to decide for what purpose you need it. This will help to highlight the critical parameters of the future instrument and build on them in your choice.

For home masterwho needs to make several holes from time to time for hanging shelves or a lamp, an inexpensive amateur model with low power is suitable. It is unlikely that the chiseling mode will be in demand and large diameter holes will need to be made.

Accessories (extra handle, drill stop, drill chuck) and a storage case will be helpful.

For professional use, you need a reliable, lightweight tool. The working attachments are optional. Their list is very large and craftsmen buy them as needed.

It is important that the hammer drill is designed for continuous continuous operation.

Review of several popular models of hammer drill for home

BLACK + DECKER KD 975 KA

The audience of this manufacturer is home craftsmen. Inexpensive beautiful instruments have all the necessary functions: three modes of operation, speed control, reverse.

The impact energy is small - only 1.8 J, but this is quite enough for domestic needs. The 710 W motor handles drilling holes in concrete up to 22 mm in diameter.

Bosch PBH 3000-2 FRE

The popular model of the German manufacturer for a wide range of tasks. Power consumption of 750 W and impact energy of 2.8 Joules allows drilling holes in concrete up to 26 mm. Tool weight 3.3 kg.

A special feature of this model is the speed switch.

Makita HR2450

This model of the Japanese manufacturer has gained immense popularity among professional craftsmen due to its extremely low weight. Weighing only 2.4 kg, the tool has a power of 780 W and an impact energy of 2.7 J.

Three modes of operation, adjustable speed by pressing the trigger, reverse. The tool is supplied in a carrying case.

Use the tool as directed, do not overload it. Take breaks during extended work. They are needed not only to let the instrument cool down. The operator is affected by vibrations from the hammer drill. They disrupt blood circulation. Breaks are needed for it to recover.

A few more tricks:

Lubricate the work bit shank regularly. Use any grease for this.
Drilling in concrete and similar materials will wear out the drill quickly. The sharp edges of the victorious tip are rounded off. The spiral part also wears out, becomes thinner and worse at removing drilling products from the hole. Together, this reduces work efficiency. Replace worn-out attachments promptly.
A large diameter hole in concrete is easier to drill in two passes: first use a smaller drill and then use the correct drill.
Ceramic tiles are drilled without impact. After the drill has passed through it, the hammer drilling mode is activated and the base under the tile is drilled in the usual way.

Conclusion

The huge selection of models on sale makes it difficult to answer the question of how to choose a hammer drill. There are many conflicting considerations to consider. If all the above information is not clear, try using the exclusion method according to the following algorithm:

Determine your budget for buying a rock drill. Do not consider models that do not fit into it.
Read the reviews and select three or four popular models that have most reviews.
Pay particular attention to negative reviews... And among them, those that mention specific shortcomings. Weigh how critical these shortcomings are for you. Choose two models.
Go to the store and look at these two models, hold them in your hands and evaluate them "by eye".
If you haven't chosen now, flip a coin!)))

Happy choice and successful work!

From mining to construction. This path has come puncher. For renovationit began to be used in the 20th century. The very first rock drill was invented a century earlier for drilling hard rock.

Jordan's model was shock, worked mechanically. In 1849, Zhdonaton Coach designed a perforator that works with the power of water.

Then steam models appeared. The pneumatic device was created in 1857. A Frenchman named Sommelier tried. But the merit of creating an electric tool belongs to the engineers of the Bosch company.

Choose a puncher,powered by the network, they offered in 1932 at the trade show in Leipzig. In the "Bosch" model, the impact force is combined with the rotational moment. Modern rock drills work on the same principle.

Types and characteristics of rock drills

The types of punchers that appeared before the electric one have sunk into oblivion. Network-powered tools were out of competition. However, there was a division within the group of electrical models.

In particular, the concepts appeared Home punchand "professional". The first one performs everyday tasks, is weak and small. The first such device was produced by the same Bosch company in 1981. The weight of the instrument was only 2 kilos.

Professional tool a counterweight hammer drill for household worktend to be powerful and heavy. In general, the mass of tools divides them into 3 classes:

Light. The category includes punchers up to 4 kilograms. Their power is enough, mainly, to poke holes in various surfaces. Impact force does not exceed 2 joules.
Middle. It includes models weighing from 5 to 8 kilos. Their strength is sufficient not only for holes, but also for cleaning uneven concrete, cutting steel gratings. Impact force increases to 7 joules
Heavy. This class includes perforators weighing more than 8 kilograms. So nothing cares. However, handling a heavy-duty tool requires skill. There are no household models among the models. Perforators of the class hit with a force of about 10-15 joules. There are downsides to such power. The first is high energy consumption, and the second is the rapid wear of parts working at the limit.

Perforators are subdivided according to the type of connection. The first electric models were powered by the mains, that is, they were supplied with cords.

There are such tools now. The group's models restrict movement and make the work dependent on the presence of nearby electricity.

More often for work punchchoose with battery. The first model with it was designed in 1984. The lithium-ion battery hammer drills are even lighter and more convenient.

However, they have limitations. The composition of the batteries excludes cold operation. Among the cordless tools, there are those that can withstand extreme conditions.

In the question, how to choose a puncherhelps, in the same way, the classification by a set of functions functions. There are basic and additional ones. The first are:

Drill speed control

Impact function

Drilling function

The list of additional functions of rotary hammers is wider. In particular, the kick off function is useful. You can use the tool like a drill.

By the way, there is also a limitation of the maximum speed of the punch. The function ensures uninterrupted operation. In this case, a special button will lock the switch in a certain mode.

There are also vibration damping hammers. The addition "entered" into heavyweight models easily, but for the first time it entered light devices only in 2005.

The innovators were the engineers of the same Bosch company. They also introduced many of the following additions to rock drills:

Reverse function, i.e. reverse movement, makes it easy to unscrew the drill

The soft release mechanism eliminates jerks when the device is turned on

Anti-jamming protection in working condition protects the master and the tool itself from injury

The work plane task is named vario-lock

Additional parts in the hammer drill are also available. When choosing a tool, they should pay special attention. This will help to save money not only when buying, but also when using the device.

What to look for

Additional brushes may be included with the tool. Their price, coupled with a hammer drill, is lower than with a separate purchase. Therefore, considering 2 competing devices with and without brushes, it is logical to choose the first one.

The set with the hero of the article can include not only spare brushes, but also borax. They are also cheaper in a package with a tool than in a separate sale.

The choice of a hammer drill with an adapter is also justified. This part allows you to install a drill from a conventional drill on the device. The addition makes the hammer drill a versatile tool that will come in handy someday.

It is worth paying attention not only to the configuration and functionality of the instrument, but also to its origin. It's no secret that the factories of most companies are scattered around the world.

Along with Japanese enterprises, Chinese, Vietnamese, and Taiwanese operate. Manufacturers claim that the build quality and parts are identical in different countries. In fact, this is not so.

Hammers assembled in Japan give odds to others. Professional builders know this and ask for a tool from the Land of the Rising Sun.

Stores are cunning. The first batch is ordered in Japan, and then the goods are driven from China, showing customers the invoice for the debut purchase. Therefore, it is worth paying attention not only to the document itself, but also to the dates set in it.

It is even better to have a friendly conversation with store managers, leave a number, ask to queue up for an instrument from Japan. Such devices are worth the wait. The price tag is higher than for a batch from the PRC, but it's worth it.

How to choose the right puncher

Deciding which puncher to choose, personal needs must be considered. If the device is needed for household needs, rare use, why overpay for power, first in the store, and then to the electricity supplier?

This is justified, only if necessary, make wide holes in the walls. Lightweight rock drills are capable of drilling up to 2 centimeters in diameter. The middle-class instrument is capable of 3-4, and heavy devices give holes 5-6 centimeters wide.

If you have to buy a heavyweight version, look through the DeWALT catalogs. American brand. Due to the professional orientation of the brand's punchers, they cost from 18,000. For a home craftsman, the costs are hardly justified.

As an alternative to the DeWALT tool, you can choose the punch "Makita"... If you are looking for an inexpensive and high-quality mid-range device, you should turn to Sparky.

The firm is Bulgarian. She became famous for the puncher model BP 400E. The tool is available, at the same time, reliable and equipped with a fixation of the bit in any position, adjustable speed.

Pay attention to the simplicity of the puncher design, the possibility of its disassembly. Breakage is not excluded. It may occur after the warranty period. The convenient structure of the tool will allow you to disassemble and repair it yourself. Parsing starts from the top node:

Remove the rubber tip

Remove the stopper washer

Remove the spring and ball

Unscrew the screws that fix the case

Remove the cover from the punch handle

Disconnect the stator wires

Remove the brush holder

Disconnect the gearbox from the housing

The switch is removed from the gap between the gearbox and the housing

Place the body vertically and clamp it in a vice

Remove and clean the inside of the hammer drill

Independent analysis and repair of the hero of the article will allow you to better familiarize yourself with its device, personally answer for the quality of work and, of course, save money.

Perforators prices

The cost of a hammer drill depends on the manufacturer's name, place of assembly, the class of the tool and its set of functions. The minimum price tag is about 7,000 rubles.

The maximum cost for running models reaches 50,000 rubles. You can profitably purchase professional equipment from your hands.

However, the acquisition of a used tool carries certain risks, because the state of the hammer drill is difficult to predict.

However, experienced builders diagnose problems with the device on a trial switch-on and checking modes.

- it means operating the power tool as efficiently as possible on the construction site. As a result, it depends on this knowledge how precisely in its parameters it will correspond to certain operating conditions, how long and reliably it will serve its owner.

But before moving on to design features, consider the principle of operation and the range practical application hammer drill as one of the most popular construction tools today.

Punch and its purpose

Specified electrical construction tool is a fairly powerful drilling device that differs from the traditional electric drill and the more modern hammer drill.

The hammer drill differs from the first, except for the drill rotation function, in the presence of longitudinal-axial movement of the nozzle. The reciprocating motion is also present in the work of the impact drill. But in the scheme of its operation, this possibility is achieved by the interaction of two toothed ratchets, while the impact action of the perforator is provided by the use of a special pneumatic or electromagnetic mechanism.

Due to this, the specified power tool with its working body acts on the work surface with greater force than an impact drill. In addition, the ratchets clinging to each other of the drill cannot give the drill a sufficiently large amplitude of longitudinal movement, which, for its part, differs from the standard perforator.

This feature determines the scope of its practical application.

The hammer drill is designed for drilling holes in particularly hard materials (brick, natural stone, concrete).
And he does it much more efficiently, better quality and faster than the same hammer drill.

Modern models are distinguished by their versatility. This is facilitated by their ability to work in 3 modes. A jackhammer mode is added to conventional drilling (like a drill) and drilling with simultaneous impacts. The presence of this mode allows you to use the device for grooving grooves in plaster, in lightweight concrete and other relatively soft building materials.
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The main types of rock drills

All power tools known today are divided into household and professional ones.

The second most important division of rock drills is by the type of drive applied to their design:

Electric hammer drills. They work only from the local electrical network. For this reason, their operation is limited by the presence of a stationary outlet in the immediate vicinity of the place of operation.

Cordless hammer drills. They can be powered both from the local power supply and from the built-in battery. This feature makes them convenient for facade and other works away from the stationary network. Moreover, they can be equipped with lithium-ion, nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal hydride batteries.

Pneumatic rock drills. They are used in cases when work is carried out in difficult conditions, in particular, when there is a danger of an explosion, electric shock to a person, a short circuit due to an abundance of water, etc.

Gasoline rock drills. Such systems are used in conditions of large and prolonged loads away from power sources (for example, during large-scale road works).

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Features of the design of the punch

The impulse of the impact of the power tool, directed at the work surface, is created by either an electromagnetic or pneumatic unit. When using an electromagnetic mechanism, the longitudinal movement of the core is provided by two induction coils.

If we are talking about a tool with pneumatics, then in this case, the blow is produced by a piston that moves inside the cylinder due to the sufficient compression created in it. As a result, the firing pin hits the end of the working nozzle, which, simultaneously with drilling, gradually destroys the structure of the material being processed.

At present, perforators are operated with two types of electric motor arrangement: horizontal and vertical. The first type is mainly used in light household appliances, the second in medium to heavy (professional) tools.

Devices with a horizontal arrangement of the engine due to this scheme, as a rule, are more compact, more convenient when drilling in hard-to-reach places... However, this arrangement has a number of notable drawbacks. In particular, longitudinally arranged motors experience increased shock loading during operation, and they also cool slightly worse and slower than vertical motors.

Accordingly, perforators with a vertical arrangement of an electric motor do not have these disadvantages. At the same time, such a scheme provides a sufficiently large amplitude of movement of the "piston-firing pin" pair. This happens due to the use of a special crank mechanism in the tool, which increases the piston stroke. As a result, vertical-motor rock drills withstand heavy use better than horizontal rock drills.

The shock pulse mechanism is the most important building block of any rock drill. The efficiency and reliability of the entire punching device ultimately depends on its efficiency and reliability.

As mentioned above, perforators are divided into electromechanical and electro-pneumatic based on the principle of shock pulse formation. At the same time, pneumatic-based tools make up the vast majority of products in use today.

Electro-pneumatic tools have gained such popularity because they develop significant shock impulse energy at the minimum rated power of the electric motor. Pneumatic shock is provided either by a scheme with a "drunk" (swinging) bearing (light and partially medium perforators), or a crank mechanism (medium and heavy machines).

In modern rock drills, two types of anti-vibration systems are used: active and passive. The first option is used exclusively in models with a powerful power unit, the second - in weaker models. The basis of this system is a counterweight with a shock absorbing spring, which absorbs the recoil energy.

The transmission of rotation from the electric motor to the working chuck is provided by a reducer. At the same time, it activates the impact mechanism. The gearbox is an interconnected system of gears of various configurations and is characterized by a certain gear ratio. The change in this number is carried out by an electronic regulator.

The body of the device can be either metal or plastic. But most often in its manufacture, metal is combined with high-impact plastic.

Thus, the hammer drill is a rather complex device, the scheme of which is optimally "fitted" to specific functional tasks for the processing of particularly hard building materials.