Tesla transformer is a device invented by Nikola Tesla and bears his name. It is a resonant transformer that produces high voltage high frequency. The device was claimed by the US patent dated September 22, 1896 as "Apparatus for the production of electrical currents of high frequency and potential."

The simplest Tesla transformer consists of two coils - primary and secondary, as well as a spark gap, a capacitor, a toroid (not always used) and a terminal (shown as an "output" in the diagram).

The primary coil usually contains several turns of large diameter wire or copper tubing, and the secondary coil contains about 1000 turns of smaller diameter wire. The primary coil can be flat (horizontal), tapered, or cylindrical (vertical). Unlike conventional transformers, there is no ferromagnetic core. Thus, the mutual induction between the two coils is much less than that of transformers with a ferromagnetic core. The primary coil, together with the capacitor, forms an oscillatory circuit, in which a nonlinear element is included - a spark gap.

The spark gap, in the simplest case an ordinary gas one, consists of two massive electrodes with an adjustable gap. The electrodes must be resistant to high currents flowing through the electric arc between them and have good cooling.

The secondary coil also forms an oscillatory circuit, where the capacity of the toroid and the coil's own turn-to-turn capacitance mainly play the role of a capacitor. The secondary winding is often covered with a layer epoxy resin or varnish to prevent electrical breakdown.

The terminal can be a disk, a sharpened pin, or a sphere and is designed to generate predictable spark discharges of great length.

Thus, a Tesla transformer consists of two coupled oscillatory circuits, which determines its remarkable properties and is its main difference from conventional transformers. For the transformer to work properly, these two oscillatory circuits must be tuned to the same resonant frequency. Usually, in the tuning process, the primary circuit is adjusted to the frequency of the secondary by changing the capacitance of the capacitor and the number of turns of the primary winding until the maximum voltage at the output of the transformer is obtained.

1. DIAGRAM OF THE TESLA TRANSFORMER

As you can see, this scheme has a minimum of elements, which does not make our task any easier. After all, in order for it to work, it is necessary not only to assemble it, but also to configure it! Let's start in order:

MOTS: there is such a transformer in the microwave. It is a conventional power transformer with the only difference that its core operates in a mode close to saturation. This means that despite its small size, it has a power of up to 1.5 kW. However, there are also disadvantages to this mode of operation. This is a large no-load current, about 2-4 A, and strong heating even without load, I am silent about heating with load. The usual output voltage for the ILO is 2000-2200 volts at a current of 500-850 mA.
All ILOs have a “primary” wound at the bottom, a “secondary” at the top. This is done for good insulation of the windings. On the "secondary", and sometimes on the "primary", the filament winding of the magnetron is wound, about 3.6 volts. Moreover, between the windings, you can see two metal jumpers. These are magnetic shunts. Their main purpose is to close a part of the magnetic flux created by the "primary" and thus limit the magnetic flux through the "secondary" and its output current at a certain level. This is done due to the fact that in the absence of shunts during a short circuit in the "secondary" (with an arc), the current through the "primary" increases many times and is limited only by its resistance, which is already very small. Thus, the shunts prevent the trance from quickly overheating when the load is connected. Although the ILO heats up, they put a good fan in the stove to cool it and it does not die. If the shunts are removed, then the power delivered by the trance increases, but overheating occurs much faster. Shunts from imported MOTs are usually well sealed with epoxy and are not easy to remove. But it is still desirable to do this, the drawdown under load will decrease. To reduce heating, I can advise you to stick the ILO in oil.

Amateurs, please give up this job. Danger High voltage. Deadly to life.
Although the voltage is small compared to the line operator, the current strength is a hundred times greater than the safe limit of 10mA will make your chances of staying alive practically equal to zero.

I can upset some people by informing that the ILO, although an ideal power source for Tesla coils (small-sized, powerful, does not die from HF like NST), but its price ranges from 600 to 1500 rubles and more. In addition, even if you have that kind of money, you will have to pretty much run around the radio markets and shops in search of him. Personally, I never found an imported ILO, not new, not used. But I found the ILO from the Soviet microwave "Electronics". He has much large sizethan imported and works like a regular trance. Called from TV-11-3-220-50. Its approximate parameters: power about 1.5 kW, output voltage ~ 2200 volts, current 800 mA. Decent parameters. And on it, in addition to the primary, secondary and filament, there is also a 12 V winding, just to power the cooler for the Tesla spark.

CAPS: High-voltage ceramic capacitors are meant (series K15U1, K15U2, TGK, KTK, K15-11, K15-14 — for high frequency installations!) The most difficult thing is to find them. Introducing the composite sketch:

High-frequency filter: respectively, two coils that perform the function of high-frequency voltage filters. Each one has 140 turns of lacquered copper wire 0.5 mm in diameter.

Very clearly distinguishable in this figure:

Spark: Spark is needed to switch power supply and excite oscillations in the circuit. If there is no spark in the circuit, then there will be power, but no oscillations. And the power supply starts to siphon through the primary - and this is a short circuit! Until the spark is closed, the mouthguards are charged. As soon as it closes, oscillations begin. Therefore, they put ballast in the form of throttles - when the spark gap is closed, the throttle prevents the current from flowing from the power supply, it charges itself, and then, when the spark gap opens, charges the caps with doubled anger. Yes, if there were 200 kHz in the outlet, the spark gap would naturally not be needed.

Finally, the turn came to the Tesla transformer itself: the primary winding consists of 7-9 turns of wire of a very large cross-section, however, a plumbing copper tube is suitable. The secondary winding contains from 400 to 800 turns, here you need to adjust. The primary winding is energized. At the secondary, one terminal is reliably grounded, the second is connected to the TORU (lightning emitter). The torus can be made from ventilation corrugation.

That's all. Remember safety. And good luck

Meet the next Tesla coil. This is a kacher. Until that moment, I did not perceive the cachers as a circuit at all, none of them worked for me, until they advised this option with power from a 220 volt household network. Its scheme:

But I did not have the required field-effect transistor, or rather, I did not have field-effect transistors at all, and therefore I decided to install a bipolar, but rather powerful D13009K transistor. The cacher cannot work directly from the network, since the transistor, whatever it is, will still burn out, for this they put a diode for rectifying one half-cycle and a power choke with a resistance of several tens of Ohms.

In bipolar transistors, the junction resistance is greater than that of field-effect transistors, so I decided to further limit the current. I put a 1kOhm resistor on the power supply and a 1mkF capacitor in parallel to it. Thanks to the capacitor, the kacher began to work in pulses and the transistor stopped heating completely. Even without a radiator, it was absolutely cold, but just in case I screwed it to a small plate. Further, in the assembly process, in parallel with the power supply, I also put a 5μF capacitor.

Zener diodes VD1 and VD2 protect the gate (base) of the transistor from voltage surges, they can also be replaced with one suppressor. The 1k resistor was replaced with a small transformer, it just had a primary winding of 1kOhm, since the resistor was decently warming up.

I collected all the elements of the kacher with a canopy, tested it and decided to place it in the case. As a body I chose a cup made of dense plastic from instant mashed potatoes.

I cut out the bottom for the glass from thick cardboard and installed everything on it - the transformer and the rest of the radio elements.

During the assembly, I added a thermistor, which, when heated, increases its resistance many times over. And glued it to the radiator. Suddenly, after a couple of hours of operation, the transistor will boil, and the thermistor will work and stop passing current - the circuit will turn off ...

The discharge turned out to be of the order of 3 centimeters and is very similar to a real lightning or spark with SGTC. In general, the scheme is quite simple, and I think it will not cause any particular difficulties even for beginners. The main reason for inoperability may be the wrong phrasing of the windings, it is enough just to swap the leads of the primary winding. It is also necessary to check whether the secondary winding is "grounded" to the base (gate) of the transistor - this is very important, because the secondary winding simultaneously serves as an OS ( feedback). And of course the video of the work of the kachera.

Do-it-yourself Tesla transformer on Brovin's quality tool and take off energy.

Radiant energy. Wireless transmission of energy.

The energy of the ether.

What is the universe made of? Vacuum, that is, emptiness, or ether - something of which all that exists? In support of the ether theory, the Internet offered the personality and research of physicist Nikola Tesla and, naturally, his transformer, presented by classical science, as a kind of high-voltage device for creating special effects in the form of electrical discharges.

Tesla did not find any special wishes, preferences for the length and diameter of the coils of the transformer. The secondary winding was wound with 0.1mm wire on pvc pipe diameter 50mm. It so happened that the length of the winding was 96 mm. Winding was carried out counterclockwise. Primary winding - copper tube from refrigeration units with a diameter of 5 mm.

Run the assembled collider, you can in a simple way... The Internet offers circuits on a resistor, one transistor and two capacitors - Brovin's kacher according to Mikhail's scheme (on the forums under the nickname MAG). The Tesla transformer, after setting the direction of the turns of the primary winding in the same way as on the secondary, worked, as evidenced by - a small object similar to plasma at the end of a free coil wire, fluorescent lamps are burning at a distance, electricity, this is hardly electricity in the usual sense, one at a time the wire enters the lamps. Anything metallic near the coil contains electrostatic energy. Incandescent lamps have a very weak glow of blue color.

If the purpose of assembling a Tesla transformer is to obtain good discharges, then this design, based on Brovin's quality meter, is absolutely not suitable for these purposes. The same can be said about a similar 280 mm long coil.

Possibility of obtaining conventional electricity. Measurements with an oscilloscope showed an oscillation frequency on the pickup coil of the order of 500 kHz. Therefore, a diode bridge made of semiconductors used in switching power supplies was used as a rectifier. In the initial version - automotive Schottky diodes 10SQ45 JF, then fast HER 307 BL diodes.

The current consumption of the entire transformer without connecting the diode bridge is 100 ma. When the diode bridge is turned on in accordance with the 600 ma circuit. The radiator with the KT805B transistor is warm, the pickup coil is slightly heated. Copper tape is used for the take-off coil. Any wire of 3-4 turns can be used.
The take-off current with the engine running and a freshly charged battery is about 400 ma. If the motor is connected directly to the battery, the motor's current consumption is lower. The measurements were carried out with a Soviet-made pointer ammeter, so they do not pretend to be particularly accurate. When Tesla is on, energy is "hot" to the touch absolutely everywhere (!).

Capacitor 10000mF 25V no load charges up to 40V, starting the engine is easy. After starting the engine voltage drop, the engine runs at 11.6V.

The voltage changes as the doffing coil moves along the main frame. The minimum voltage when placing the pickup coil in the upper part and, accordingly, the maximum voltage in the lower part. For this design, the maximum voltage value was about 15-16V.

The maximum voltage pickup using Schottky diodes can be achieved by placing the turns of the pickup coil along the secondary winding of the Tesla transformer, the maximum current pickup is a spiral of one turn perpendicular to the secondary winding of the Tesla transformer.

The difference in using Schottky diodes and fast diodes is significant. When using Schottky diodes, the current is about two times higher.

Any effort to remove or work in the field of the Tesla transformer will reduce the field strength, reducing the charge. Plasma acts as an indicator of the presence and strength of the field.

In photographs, a plasma-like object is only partially displayed. Presumably, for our eye, the change of 50 frames per second is not distinguishable. That is, a set of constantly changing objects that make up the "plasma" is perceived by us as one discharge. The survey was not carried out on better equipment.
The battery, after interacting with Tesla currents, quickly becomes unusable. Charger gives a full charge, but the battery capacity drops.

Paradoxes and opportunities.

When connected electrolytic capacitor 47 microfarads 400 volts to the battery or any 12V constant voltage source, the capacitor charge will not exceed the value of the power source. I connect a 47 microfarad capacitor 400 volts to a constant voltage of about 12V, obtained by a diode bridge from the pickup coil. After a couple of seconds, I connect a 12V / 21W car bulb. The light bulb flashes brightly and burns out. The capacitor was charged to a voltage of over 400 volts.

The oscilloscope shows the charging process of an electrolytic capacitor of 10000 uF, 25V. With a constant voltage across the diode bridge of the order of 12-13 volts, the capacitor is charged to 40-50 volts. With the same input, alternating voltage, a capacitor of 47 microfarads 400V charges up to four hundred volts.

The electronic device for removing additional energy from the condenser should work on the principle of a drain barrel. We are waiting for the capacitor to charge to a certain value, or by timer we discharge the capacitor to an external load (we drain the accumulated energy). Discharging a capacitor of adequate capacity will give a good current. In this way, standard electricity can be obtained.

Energy intake.

When assembling the Tesla transformer, it was found that the static electricity obtained from the Tesla coil is capable of charging capacitors to values \u200b\u200bexceeding their nominal value. The purpose of the experiment is to try to find out the charge of which capacitors, to what values \u200b\u200band under what conditions is possible as quickly as possible.

The speed and ability to charge the capacitors to their limit values \u200b\u200bwill determine the choice of the current rectifier. The following rectifiers shown in the photo (from left to right according to the efficiency of work in this circuit) were checked - 6D22S kenotrons, KTs109A, KTs108A damper diodes, 10SQ045JF Schottky diodes and others. Kenotrons 6D22S are designed for voltages of 6.3V; they must be switched on from two additional 6.3V batteries or from a step-down transformer with two 6.3V windings. When the lamps are connected in series to a 12V battery, the kenotrons do not work equally, the negative value of the rectified current must be connected to the negative of the battery. Other diodes, including "fast" ones, are ineffective because they have insignificant reverse currents.

A spark plug from a car is used as a spark gap, the gap is 1-1.5 mm. The cycle of the device is as follows. The capacitor is charged to a voltage value sufficient for a breakdown through the spark gap of the arrester. There is a high voltage current capable of lighting a 220V 60W incandescent light bulb.

Ferrites are used to amplify the magnetic field of the primary coil - L1 and are inserted inside the PVC tube on which the Tesla transformer is wound. Please note that the ferrite fillers must be located under the L1 coil (copper tube 5 mm) and not cover the entire volume of the tesla transformer. Otherwise, the field generation by the Tesla transformer is interrupted.

If you do not use ferrites with a 0.01 microfarad capacitor, the lamp ignites with a frequency of a strand of 5 hertz. With the addition of a ferrite core (45mm 200HN ring), the spark is stable, the lamp burns with a brightness of up to 10 percent of the possible. With an increase in the spark plug gap, a high-voltage breakdown occurs between the contacts of the light bulb to which the tungsten filament is attached. The tungsten filament is not heated.

With the proposed capacitance of the capacitor more than 0.01 microfarads and the gap of the candle 1-1.2 mm, mainly standard (Coulomb) electricity flows through the circuit. If you reduce the capacitance of the capacitor, then the discharge of the candle will consist of electrostatic electricity. The field generated by the Tesla transformer in this circuit is weak, the lamp will not glow. Short video:

The secondary coil of the Tesla transformer, shown in the photo, is wound with a 0.1 mm wire on a pvc tube with an outer diameter of 50 mm. Winding length 280 mm. The size of the insulator between the primary and secondary windings is 7 mm. Any increase in power compared to similar coils with a long winding of 160 and 200 mm. not marked.

The consumption current is set by a variable resistor. The operation of this circuit is stable at a current within two amperes. With a current consumption of more than three amperes or less than one ampere, the generation of the standing wave by the Tesla transformer is interrupted.

With an increase in the current consumption from two to three amperes, the power supplied to the load increases by fifty percent, the field of the standing wave increases, the lamp starts to burn brighter. Only a 10% increase in the brightness of the lamp should be noted. A further increase in the current consumption interrupts the generation of a standing wave or the transistor burns out.

The initial battery charge is 13.8 volts. During the operation of this circuit, the battery is charged to 14.6-14.8V. In this case, the battery capacity drops. The total battery life under load is four to five hours. As a result, the battery is discharged to 7 volts.

Paradoxes and opportunities.

The result of this circuit is a stable high-voltage spark discharge. It seems possible to launch the classic version of the Tesla transformer with an oscillation generator on the spark gap (spark gap) SGTC (Spark Gap Tesla Coil) Theoretically: this is a replacement in the incandescent lamp circuit with the primary coil of the Tesla transformer. Practically: when installed in a circuit instead of an electric lamp, a Tesla transformer, the same as in the photo, is a breakdown between the primary and secondary windings. High-voltage discharges up to three centimeters. It is required to choose the distance between the primary and secondary windings, the size of the spark gap, the capacitance and resistance of the circuit.

If you use a burnt out electric lamp, then a stable high-voltage electric arc arises between the conductors to which the tungsten filament is attached. If the spark plug discharge voltage can be estimated at about 3 kilovolts, then the arc of the incandescent lamp can be estimated at 20 kilovolts. Since the lamp has a capacity. This circuit can be used as a voltage multiplier based on an arrester.

Safety engineering.

Any actions with the circuit must be carried out only after disconnecting the Tesla transformer from the power source and obligatory discharge of all capacitors located near the Tesla transformer.

When working with this circuit, I strongly recommend using a spark gap permanently connected in parallel with the capacitor. It acts as a fuse against overvoltage on the capacitor plates, which can lead to a breakdown or explosion.

The arrester does not allow the capacitors to charge up to their maximum voltage values, therefore, the discharge of high-voltage capacitors less than 0.1 μF in the presence of an arrester per person is dangerous, but not fatal. Do not manually adjust the spark gap.

Do not solder electronic components in the field of a quality control device.

Radiant energy. Nikola Tesla.

Currently, the concepts are being replaced and the radiant energy is given a different definition, different from the properties described by Nikola Tesla. Today, radiant energy is the energy of open systems such as the energy of the sun, water, geophysical phenomena that can be used by humans.

If you go back to the original source. One of the properties of the radiant current was demonstrated by Nikola Tesla on a device - a step-up transformer, a capacitor, an arrester connected to a copper U-shaped bus. Incandescent lamps are located on the short-circuited bus. According to classical concepts, incandescent lamps should not burn. The electric current must flow along the line with the least resistance, that is, along the copper bus.

A stand was assembled to reproduce the experiment. Step-up transformer 220V-10000V 50GTs type TG1020K-U2. In all patents, N. Tesla recommends using a positive (unipolar) pulsating voltage as a power source. A diode is installed at the output of the high-voltage transformer to smooth out negative voltage ripples. At the stage of the beginning of the capacitor charging, the current flowing through the diode is comparable to a short circuit, therefore, a 50K resistor is connected in series to prevent the failure of the diode. Capacitors 0.01μF 16KV, connected in series.

In the photo, instead of a copper bus, the solenoid is wound with a copper tube 5mm in diameter. The contact of the incandescent bulb 12V 21 / 5W is connected to the fifth turn of the solenoid. The fifth turn of the solenoid (yellow wire) is chosen experimentally so that the incandescent lamp does not burn out.

It can be assumed that the presence of a solenoid misleads many researchers trying to replicate the devices of Donald Smith (American inventor of CE devices). burns out when moved closer to the ends of the copper bus. Thus, the mathematical calculations used by the American researcher are too simplified and do not describe the processes occurring in the solenoid. The distance of the spark gap of the spark gap does not significantly affect the brightness of the light bulb, but it does affect the growth of the potential. A high-voltage breakdown occurs between the contacts of the light bulb, on which the tungsten filament is fixed.

A logical continuation of the solenoid as a primary winding is the classic version of the N. Tesla transformer.

What is the current and what are its characteristics in the section between the spark gap and the capacitor plate. That is, in a copper bus in the scheme proposed by N. Tesla.

If the length of the bus is about 20-30 cm, then the electric lamp fixed at the ends of the copper bus does not burn. If the tire size is increased to one and a half meters, the light starts to burn, the tungsten filament heats up and glows with the usual bright white light. A bluish flame is present on the lamp spiral (between the turns of the tungsten filament). With significant "currents" due to an increase in the length of the copper bus, the temperature increases, the lamp darkens, the tungsten filament burns out pointwise. The current of electrons in the circuit stops, an energetic substance of a cold, blue color appears at the site of tungsten burnout:

In the experiment, a step-up transformer was used - 10KV, taking into account the diode, the maximum voltage will be 14KV. Logically, the maximum potential of the entire circuit should not exceed this value. It is, but only in the spark gap, where a spark of about one and a half centimeters occurs. A weak high-voltage breakdown in sections of a copper bus of two or more centimeters indicates the presence of a potential of more than 14 KV. The maximum potential in the N. Tesla circuit is for the light bulb, which is closer to the spark gap.

The capacitor starts charging. The potential grows on the spark gap, a breakdown occurs. A spark causes the appearance of an electromotive force of a certain power. Power is the product of current and voltage. 12 Volt 10 Amp (Thick Wire) Same as 1200 Volt 0.1 Amp (Thin Wire). The difference is that fewer electrons are required to transfer more potential. It takes time to give a significant number of "slow" electrons in the copper bus acceleration (higher current). In this section of the circuit, a redistribution occurs - a longitudinal wave of potential increase arises with a slight increase in current. A potential difference is generated in two different sections of the copper bus. This potential difference determines the glow of the incandescent lamp. On the copper bus there is a skin effect (the movement of electrons along the surface of the conductor) and a significant potential greater than the charge of the capacitor.

Electric current is due to the presence of mobile electrons in the crystal lattices of metals, moving under the action of an electric field. In tungsten, from which the filament of an incandescent lamp is made, free electrons are less mobile than in silver, copper or aluminum. Therefore, the movement of the surface layer of the electrons of the tungsten filament causes the incandescent lamp to glow. The tungsten filament of the incandescent lamp is broken, the electrons overcome the potential barrier of exit from the metal, and electron emission occurs. The electrons are in the region where the tungsten filament is broken. The blue energy substance is a consequence and at the same time a cause of maintaining the current in the circuit.

It is premature to speak about the complete correspondence of the received current with the radiant current described by N. Tesla. N. Tesla points out that the electric lamps connected to the copper bus did not heat up. In the conducted experiment electric lamps heat up. This indicates the movement of the electrons of the tungsten filament. In the experiment, it is necessary to achieve a complete absence of electric current in the circuit: Longitudinal potential growth wave of a wide frequency spectrum of a spark without a current component.

Capacitor charge.

The photo shows the possibility of charging high-voltage capacitors. The charge is carried out using a Tesla electrostatic transformer. The scheme and principles of removal are described in the section on energy removal.

A video showing the charge of a 4Mkf capacitor can be viewed at the link:

Discharger, four KVI-3 10KV 2200PF capacitors and two 50MKF 1000V capacitors. included in series. In the arrester there is a constant spark discharge of static electricity. The arrester is assembled from the terminals of the magnetic starter and has a higher resistance than copper wire. The size of the spark gap of the arrester is 0.8-0.9 mm. The gap between the contacts of the arrester based on copper wire connected to capacitors is 0.1 mm or less. There is no spark discharge of static electricity between the contacts of the copper wire, although the spark gap is smaller than in the main spark gap.

Capacitors are charged to voltages over 1000V, there is no technical possibility to estimate the voltage value. It should be noted that with an incomplete charge of the capacitor, for example, up to 200V, the tester shows voltage fluctuations from 150V to 200V and more volts.

When the charge is accumulated, the capacitors are charged to voltages of more than 1000V, a breakdown of the gap occurs, established by a copper wire connected to the capacitor terminals. The breakdown is accompanied by a flash and a loud explosion.

When the circuit is turned on, a high voltage immediately appears at the terminals of the capacitor and begins to grow, and then the capacitor is charged. The fact that the capacitor is charged can be determined by the decrease and subsequent termination of the electrostatic spark in the spark gap.

If the additional spark gap is removed from the copper wire connected to the high-voltage capacitors, flashes occur in the main spark gap.

The capacitor used in the video, MBGCH-1 4 microfarad * 500V, after 10 minutes of continuous operation, swelled and failed, which was preceded by the gurgling of oil.

When the circuit is working, electrostatic electricity is present in all areas, as evidenced by the glow of a neon lamp.

If you charge high-capacity capacitors without a spark gap, capacitors will be damaged when discharging. rectifier diodes.

Wireless transmission of energy.

Both solenoids are wound on a pvc pipe with an outer diameter of 50 mm. The horizontal solionoid (transmitter) is wound with a 0.18 mm wire, 200 mm long, the calculated wire length is 174.53 m. The vertical solenoid (receiver) is wound with a 0.1 mm wire., 280 mm long, the calculated wire length is 439.82 m.

The current consumption of the circuit is less than one ampere. Electric lamp 12 volts 21 watts. The brightness of the lamp is about 30% compared to direct connection to the battery.

In addition to the perpendicular arrangement of the solenoids, the relative position of the conductors - the end of the transmitter solenoid (red electrical tape) and the beginning of the receiver solinoid (black electrical tape) - affects the increase in the brightness of the lamp glow. With close, parallel placement of them, the brightness of the lamp glow increases.

The charge of capacitors in the previously considered scheme is possible through an intermediary coil without direct connection of the pickup unit (high-voltage capacitor and rectifier diodes) with the Tesla transformer. The efficiency of wireless energy transfer is about 80-90% in comparison with direct connection of the pickup unit to the transmitter solenoid. The photo shows the most efficient arrangement of the solenoids relative to each other. Since the arrangement of the solenoids is perpendicular, the transfer of energy by means of a magnetic field is impossible according to classical concepts. You can visually assess the energy of the process by watching a movie:

The upper end of the solenoid-receiver is connected to the KTs109A rectifiers, the lower end is not connected to anything. When the circuit is working, a slight spark is observed at the bottom of the receiver solenoid. The upper end of the transmitter solenoid is in the air, not connected to anything.
Consumption current 1A. Solenoids wound with a wire of 0.1 mm, length 200 and 160 mm were tested as an intermediary coil. The capacitor is not charged up to the voltage required for the breakdown of the spark gap. The solenoid receiver shown in the photo gives the best result. Ferrite fillers were not used in the transmitter and receiver.

Best regards, A. Mischuk.

In 1891, Nikola Tesla developed a transformer (coil) with which he experimented with high voltage electrical discharges. Tesla's device consisted of a power supply, a capacitor, primary and secondary coils positioned so that voltage peaks alternate between them, and two electrodes spaced apart from each other. The device received the name of its inventor.
The principles discovered by Tesla using this device are now used in various fields, ranging from particle accelerators to televisions and toys.

Tesla transformer can be made by hand. This article addresses this issue.

First you need to decide on the size of the transformer. You can build a large appliance if your budget allows. It should be remembered that this device generates high voltage discharges (micro-lightning) that heats up and expands the surrounding air (creates a micro-thunder). The generated electric fields can damage other electrical devices. Therefore, building and running a Tesla transformer is not worth at home; it is safer to do this in remote locations such as a garage or shed.

The size of the transformer will depend on the distance between the electrodes (on the magnitude of the spark that occurs), which in turn will depend on the power consumption.

Components and assembly of Tesla transformer circuit

We need a transformer or generator with a voltage of 5-15 kV and a current of 30-100 milliamperes. The experiment will fail if these parameters are not met.
The current source must be connected to the capacitor. The parameter of the capacitance of the capacitor is important, i.e. the ability to hold an electrical charge. The unit for measuring capacitance is farad - F. It is defined as 1 amp-second (or coulomb) per volt. Typically, capacitance is measured in small units - μF (one millionth of a farad) or pF (one trillionth of a farad). For a voltage of 5 kV, the capacitor should be 2200 pF.

Better yet, connect multiple capacitors in series. In this case, each capacitor will hold a part of the charge, the total held charge will multiply.

The capacitor (s) is connected to the spark gap - the air gap between the contacts of which an electrical breakdown occurs. In order for the contacts to withstand the heat generated by the spark during the discharge, the required diameter must be 6 mm. minimum. A spark is needed to excite resonant oscillations in the circuit.
Primary coil. It is made of a thick copper wire or tube with a diameter of 2.5-6 mm., Which is twisted into a spiral in one plane in the amount of 4-6 turns
The primary coil is connected to the arrester. The capacitor and primary coil must form a primary circuit that resonates with the secondary coil.
The primary coil must be well insulated from the secondary.
Secondary coil. It is made of thin enameled copper wire (up to 0.6 mm). The wire is wound on a plastic tube with an empty core. The height of the tube should be 5-6 diameters. 1000 turns should be carefully wound around the tube. The secondary coil can be placed inside the primary coil.
The secondary coil must be grounded at one end separately from other devices. The best way is to ground directly to the ground. The second wire of the secondary coil is connected to the torus (lightning emitter).
A torus can be made from an ordinary ventilation corrugation. It is placed above the secondary coil.
The secondary coil and the torus form the secondary circuit.
We turn on the supply generator (transformer). Tesla transformer is working.

Excellent video explaining how Tesla's transformer works

Precautions

Be careful: the voltage accumulated in the Tesla transformer is very high and in case of breakdowns leads to guaranteed death. The current strength is also very high, far exceeding the value that is safe for life.

There is no practical application of the Tesla transformer. This is an experimental setup that confirms our knowledge of the physics of electricity.

From an aesthetic point of view, the effects that Tesla's transformer produces are amazing and beautiful. They largely depend on how correctly it is assembled, whether the current is of sufficient strength, whether the circuits resonate correctly. Effects can include glow or discharges generated on the second coil, or they can be full-fledged lightning striking the air from the torus. The resulting glow is shifted to the ultraviolet range of the spectrum.

A high-frequency field is formed around the Tesla transformer. Therefore, for example, when an energy-saving light bulb is placed in this field, it starts to glow. The same field leads to the formation of a large amount of ozone.

TESLA ON A PLANAR REEL WITH USB SUPPLY. Tesla coil 220v circuit

how to assemble a transformer with your own hands, the principle of operation

The operation of CRT TVs, fluorescent and energy-saving bulbs, remote battery charging is provided by a special device - a Tesla transformer (coil). A Tesla coil is also used to create spectacular purple lightning charges that resemble lightning. The 220 V circuit allows you to understand the device of this device and, if necessary, make it yourself.

Working mechanism

Tesla coil is an electrical device capable of increasing voltage and current frequency several times. During its operation, a magnetic field is formed, which can affect electrical engineering and the human condition. Discharges entering the air contribute to the release of ozone. The transformer structure consists of the following elements:

Primary coil. It has on average 5-7 turns of wire with a cross-sectional diameter of at least 6 mm².
Secondary coil. Consists of 70-100 turns of dielectric with a diameter of not more than 0.3 mm.
Condenser.
Discharger.
Spark glow emitter.

The transformer, created and patented by Nikola Tesla in 1896, does not have ferroalloys, which are used for cores in other similar devices. The power of the coil is limited by the electrical strength of the air and does not depend on the power of the voltage source.

When voltage hits the primary circuit, high-frequency oscillations are generated on it. Thanks to them, resonant oscillations arise on the secondary coil, the result of which is an electric current characterized by high voltage and high frequency. The passage of this current through the air produces a streamer - a purple discharge that resembles lightning.

Circuit oscillations that occur during the operation of the Tesla coil can be generated different ways... Most often this happens with a spark gap, lamp or transistor. The most powerful devices are those that use double resonance generators.

Source materials

A person with basic knowledge in the field of physics and electrical engineering will not be difficult to assemble a Tesla transformer with his own hands. You just need to prepare a set of basic parts:

A power supply with a voltage of about 9-12 volts. The role of such a source in homemade device can do car battery, laptop battery, or diode bridge step-down transformer to generate direct current.
Primary circuit. Consists of two resistors with a nominal resistance of 50 and 75 kΩ, a VT1 D13007 transistor or a similar device with an n-p-n structure.

A mandatory element of the primary coil is a cooling radiator, the size of which directly affects the cooling efficiency of the equipment. A copper tube or a wire with a diameter of 5-10 mm can be used as a winding.

The secondary coil requires mandatory insulation in the form of processing with paint, varnish or other dielectric. An additional part of this circuit is the serial terminal. Its use is advisable only with powerful discharges; for small streamers, it is enough to bring the end of the winding upwards by 0.5-5 cm.

Connection diagram

Tesla transformer is assembled and connected in accordance with the electrical diagram. The installation of a low-power device should be carried out in several stages:

Install the power supply carefully observing the correspondence of the contacts.
Attach the heat sink to the transistor.
Assemble the electrical circuit using plywood, a wooden box, or a piece of plastic as a dielectric substrate.
Insulate the coil from the circuit with a dielectric plate with holes for connecting wires.
Install the primary winding, excluding its fall and contact with another winding. Provide a hole in the center for the secondary coil, ensuring the distance between them is at least 1 cm.
Fix the secondary winding, make the necessary connections, guided by the diagram.

A more powerful transformer is assembled in a similar way. To achieve high power, you will need:

Increase the size of the coils and the section of the windings by 1.1-2.5 times.
Install an alternating current source with a voltage of 3-5 kW.
Add a terminal in the form of a toroid.
Provide good grounding.

The maximum power that a properly assembled Tesla transformer can reach is up to 4.5 kW. Such an indicator can be achieved by equalizing the frequencies of both contours.

A self-assembled Tesla coil must be checked. During the test connection, you should:

Set the variable resistor to the middle position.
Track the presence of a discharge. If it is absent, you need to bring a fluorescent lamp or an incandescent lamp to the coil. Its glow will indicate the presence of an electromagnetic field and the operability of the transformer. Also, the serviceability of the device can be determined by self-igniting radio tubes and flashes at the end of the emitter.

The first start-up of the device should be carried out while monitoring the temperature. In case of strong heating, additional cooling is required.

Transformer application

The coil can create different types of charges. Most often, during its operation, a charge arises in the form of an arc.

Glow of air ions in electric field with increased voltage is called corona discharge. It is a bluish radiation generated around coil parts that have significant surface curvature.

A spark discharge or spark travels from the terminal of the transformer to the surface of the earth or to a grounded object in the form of a beam of rapidly changing shape and extinguishing bright stripes.

The streamer looks like a thin, weakly luminous channel of light, which has many branches and consists of free electrons and ionized gas particles that do not go into the ground, but flow through the air.

The creation of various kinds of electrical discharges with the help of the Tesla coil occurs with a large increase in current and energy, which causes a crackle. The expansion of the channels of some discharges provokes an increase in pressure and the formation of a shock wave. A set of shock waves sound like the crackling of sparks when burning a flame.

The effect of a transformer of this kind was previously used in medicine for the treatment of diseases. High-frequency current, flowing through the human skin, gave a healing and tonic effect. It turned out to be useful only under the condition of low power. With an increase in power to large values, the opposite result was obtained, negatively affecting the body.

With the help of such an electrical device, gas-discharge lamps are ignited and a leak is detected in a vacuum space. It is also successfully used in the military field to quickly destroy electrical equipment on ships, tanks, or buildings. A powerful impulse generated by the coil in a very short period disables microcircuits, transistors and other devices located within a radius of tens of meters. The process of destruction of equipment is silent.

The most spectacular area of \u200b\u200bapplication is in demonstration light shows. All effects are created due to the formation of powerful air charges, the length of which is measured by several meters. This property allows the transformer to be widely used in filming films and creating computer games.

When developing this device, Nikola Tesla planned to use it to transfer power on a global scale. The scientist's idea was based on the use of two strong transformers located at different ends of the Earth and functioning with equal resonant frequency.

If such a transmission system was successfully used, the need for power plants, copper cables and electricity suppliers would be completely eliminated. Every inhabitant of the planet could use electricity anywhere absolutely free of charge. However, due to its economic unprofitability, the plan of the famous physicist has not yet been (and is unlikely to ever be) realized.

220v.guru

KACHER WITH POWER SUPPLY FROM 220V

Meet the next Tesla coil. This is a kacher. Until this moment, I did not perceive the cachers as a circuit at all, none of them worked for me until they advised this option with power from a 220 volt household network. Its scheme:

I collected all the elements of the kacher with a canopy, tested it and decided to place it in the case. As a body I chose a cup made of dense plastic from instant mashed potatoes.

I cut out the bottom for the glass from thick cardboard and installed everything on it - the transformer and the rest of the radio elements.

The discharge turned out to be of the order of 3 centimeters and is very similar to a real lightning or spark with SGTC. In general, the scheme is quite simple, and, I think, it will not cause any particular difficulties even for beginners. The main reason for inoperability may be the wrong phrasing of the windings, it is enough just to swap the leads of the primary winding. It is also necessary to check whether the secondary winding is "grounded" to the base (gate) of the transistor - this is very important, because the secondary winding simultaneously plays the role of feedback (feedback). And, of course, the video of the quality work:

Successful assembly and large streamers, [) eNiS was with you.

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TESLA ON A PLANAR USB-POWERED REEL

This Tesla generator has a coil in the form of etched windings on a PCB. And it is connected via a USB line that powers the device. The resonance frequency is about 4 MHz. The coil has a transmission ratio of 1: 160. The total length of the secondary line is 25 meters. The big advantage of the circuit is that it is powered by USB 5V 1A. The output voltage is approximately 30 kV.

This Tesla has all the windings etched onto the PCB (planar). The advantages of this method are simplicity of production and the same induction due to the constant distance between the windings. The spiral coil has a track thickness of 0.2 mm, with a 0.2 mm gap as well. The total length is about 25 meters, 160 turns. The primary winding is on the bottom layer, under the outer ring of the secondary.

At the end of the secondary winding is the spring pin of the socket. You can attach a pin or needle here. The pointed element induces a much higher local strength of the electric field, which makes it easier to start the spark.

Tesla generator circuit

Click on the scheme to enlarge

Both the primary and secondary circuitry use the series resonance of the LC circuit to increase the voltage. The circuit consists of several film capacitors and one winding on the bottom of the PCB. The secondary consists of 160 turns of the top layer and the environment container. Resonant frequencies should be 4 MHz for optimal power transfer.

The duty cycle is directly proportional to the energy consumption. With 1A 5V, you get the most out of your power supply with no more than 1.5% duty cycle. If you turn on the generator 100% of the time, the circuit will draw more than 300 watts. It is clear that this cannot be obtained from a regular USB.

The base frequency for the duty cycle can be changed to form low frequency pulses (<10 Гц) или быстрые небольшие импульсы, которые попадают в звуковой диапазон (> 20 Hz). Thus, you can make the tesla "sing".

For optimal performance, there should be as little signal delays as possible. The 4 MHz H-bridge requires very fast components. Therefore, the power transistors FZTX51 were selected. The MOSFET driver uses UCC2753X, which has very low latency and can be used at very high frequencies. The maximum voltage that these drivers can handle is 35 V. With a safety margin, the operating voltage can be no more than 32 V.

Video of work

Operation is controlled by the S1 button:

Short press: switching frequencies (5, 10, 20 Hz)
Hold for 1 second: transition to the initial state
Hold for 3 seconds: Go to "high power" (1A) mode (red light flashing), and back to low power mode if the button is pressed again within 3 seconds.
Hold for 8 seconds: turn off the blue LED lights or turn on again.

During tests, the circuit has successfully worked for more than 2 hours at a power of 5 W. The firmware and all files for assembly are in the archive.

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TESLA IN THE SPARK GAP

The Tesla transformer, also called the Tesla coil, is a device invented by Nikola Tesla and bears his name. It is a resonant transformer that produces a high voltage of high frequency, but in some cases also low - 50 hertz. In general, after the successful assembly of Kacher Brovin, I wanted something more, and decided to assemble the Tesla Transformer much more powerful - on the spark gap (SGTC). I read a couple of articles, gained some theory and started assembling necessary parts... The scheme is simple, I think many novice teslast builders collect exactly according to it.

SCHEME

So let's take a look at all the elements of Tesla's construction:

POWER SUPPLY - used two MOTs with shunts (microwave transformers).
The CIRCUIT CAPACITOR was assembled from capacitors of the K78-2 type, its general parameters are 25 nF 12 kV (K75-25 can be used).
PRIMARY WINDING, conical, 6 turns copper wire section 3-4 mm
SECONDARY WINDING is wound on a pipe with a diameter of 6 cm and a height of 30 cm, with a copper wire of 0.3 mm, approximately 1500 turns. After winding, the secondary must be covered with several layers of varnish.
DISCHARGER - RSG engine 3000 rpm, 4 electrodes on the disk (preferably copper)
HF FILTERS are wound on tubes with a diameter of 2.5 cm and a length of 14 cm, winding in sections in each turns of 20.
TOROID is made of corrugation with a diameter of 7 cm.

ASSEMBLY

First you need to assemble a case for our Tesla. I made it out of thick plywood. On the first floor, we install power supply - two MOTs; it will be necessary to make grounding from the core of the motors. We also attach high-frequency filters here. Now we go to the second floor: we put the engine with the disk, we fix all the electrodes. There will also be an MMS (loop capacitor). Now we connect everything together according to the scheme. We put a secondary coil on top of the entire structure, fix the TOP on it, ground the lower terminal. We wind around the primary in the form of a cone, 5 cm high, 6 turns. We solder the primary to the circuit. We will make another loop over it and ground it (this will be the so-called strike ring). It prevents the discharge from entering the primary winding.

Well, that seems to be all. Trying to start: turn on the RSG and apply voltage to the ILOs. Remember to ground everything! When correct installation everything should work right away.

Result: 30 cm streamer, also when brought up to half a meter, gas discharge lamps glow.

VIDEO

If you have any questions about the selection of parts and winding coils, we will sort it out on the forum. The article was submitted by Nikon.

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Tesla music coil circuit for 220v. We make a simple Tesla generator, a Tesla coil with our own hands. Practical implementation of projects

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TESLA ON A PLANAR REEL WITH USB SUPPLY. Tesla coil 220v circuit