The strength of gas-silicate blocks. Gas-silicate properties and characteristics. Blocks gas silicate delivery and storage

Gasilicate blocks - This is a kind of wall material from cellular concrete.

Special pore-forming additives are added to the prepared concrete mixture. In the 19th century, to obtain such an effect were mixed by bullie blood.

In the early 1930s, the Soviet builder of Briubykov drew attention to the plant growing in Central Asia - soapy root.

Cement mortar when mixed with foam of this plant, received the ability to foam and increase in volume, and when frozen - retained the resulting porous structure.

Then, various chemical gas-forming additives began to add. We, unfortunately, did not patent this method of production artificial stone. This was done by the Swedish architect Ericsson in 1924.

The composition of gas-silicate blocks

Gas-silicate mixtures blocks are a wall material that allows you to create a healthy microclimate indoors, as it has good diffuse characteristics. That is, the building "breathes", which eliminates the appearance of mold. What source components are taken to make blocks?

The gas-concrete mixture, according to CH 277-80 "Instructions for the manufacture of products from cellular concrete" consists of:

• Portland cement, manufactured according to GOST 10178-76, with a calcium silicate content of at least 50%., Threecalcium aluminate is not more than 6%. Supplement trepal is not allowed.
• The sand must meet the requirements of GOST 8736-77, clay and or or other inclusions no more than 2%, the quartz content of at least 85%.
• Water with technical requirements according to GOST 23732-79.
• Calcium lime should correspond to GOST 9179-77, and be no lower than the 3rd grade. Additional features: quenching speed 5-15min., "Frame" - no more than 2%, the content of saa + MGO is at least 70%.
• A gas formator is used - aluminum dads of dad- 1 or PAP-2
• Surface-active substance (surfactant) - Sulfonol S.

Types and characteristics

According to the method of manufacturing, gasilicat is divided into:

• Naveloclaval - The working mixture is frozen in vivo. In this way, you can get cheaper material, but such blocks will have the worst characteristics for strength, and the shrinkage during drying is five times higher than that of the autoclave product.
• Autoclave - blocks with increased indicators for strength and shrinkage when drying. Autoclaved production energy intensive and technological. Parcing of a gas silicate is passed at a pressure of 0.8-1.2 mp, and a temperature of 175-200ºС, which can afford large enterprises. This must be remembered by purchasing blocks from the gas silicate.

Having calculated the percentage ratio of the ingredients in the aerated concrete mixture, you can get various characteristics Gasilicata. For example, adding portland cement, we increase the strength and frost resistance (decreasing the number of "hazardous pores"), but worsen the thermal conductivity of the product.

The main physico-mechanical properties of blocks:

1. By density, gas-silicate blocks are divided into the following types:

• Structural: brands D700 and higher. Used to build buildings of increased floors - up to three floors.
• Constructive heat-insulating: brands D500, D600, D700. You can use for the device of partitions and bearing walls of low-rise buildings. True, it should be noted that the products of the D500 brand in some manufacturers belong to thermal insulation species.
• Heat insulation: not higher than the brand D400. This type of gas block is designed for the heat-insulating circuit of the bearing walls, erected from more durable materials.

It should be mentioned that professionals practices advise: to use the design of walls with a carrier frame, if it is assumed that the future house will have more than two floors. Probably, it is worth listening to this advice.

2. The thermal conductivity indicator depends on the purpose of the unit:

• The structural stamps have a thermal conductivity from 0.18 to 0.20 W / m · ° C, which is below such indicators at the clay brick.
• Constructive heat-insulating - from 0.12 to 0.18 W / m · ° C.
• Heat insulation - from 0.08 to 0.10 W / m · ° C. If we compare with the thermal conductivity of the tree (0.11 to 0.19 W / m · ° C), then the championship will be behind the gas pack.

It should be remembered that this indicator refers to completely dry material. When wetting, this characteristic worsens.

3. The frost resistance of the blocks from the gas silicate depends on the characteristics of the structure of the cells, which is divided into three classes:

• Reserve - pore volume with a diameter of more than 200 microns
• Safe - pore volume with a diameter of less than 0.1 μm
• Dangerous - from 200 to 0.1 microns

If the ratio of the backup volume to hazardous volume will be more than 0.09, then the gas-concrete unit will have a high frost resistance. Frost resistance of gas blocks is high enough. It is equal to: 15, 25, 35 cycles. Some manufacturers declare 50, 75 and even 100 cycles. As, for example, the Saratov plant, which produces YTong blocks.

But it must be borne in mind that GOST 25485-89 rationed frost resistance brands starting with the D500, and this indicator was not higher than F35.

Therefore, it is advisable to treat with caution to the frost resistance planned by plants. You can ask the meaning of the above relationship.

Size and weight

By appointment, the blocks from the gasilicate distinguish:

• Wall block. Standard size of the gas silicate block: 600 × 200 × 300 mm (length; depth; height)
• Wall half-terminal. Its size: 600 × 100 × 300 mm.
• Gasilicate dimensions, depending on the manufacturer, can vary significantly: 500 × 200 × 300 mm; 588 × 150 × 288 mm; 588 × 300 × 288 mm; 600 × 250 × 400 mm; 600 × 250 × 250 mm, etc.

How much does the gas-silicate block weigh?Its weight, naturally, depends on the density and volumetric characteristics of the gas silicate:

• The weight of the structural wall unit equals 20 kg - 40 kg. Half-terminal - from 10 kg to 16 kg.
• The weight of the structurally insulating unit is from 17 kg to 30 kg. Half-bloc - from 9 kg to 13 kg.
• The weight of the heat-insulating unit is from 14 kg to 21 kg. Half-terminal - from 5 kg to 10 kg.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of the blocks from the gas silicate:

• Low density (low weight) has a small pressure on the foundation of the house-building. Allows you to reduce construction time, reduce labor and transportation costs.
• Small thermal conductivity. It is three times lower than that of the clay brick.
• High sound insulation. It is 10 times higher than that brick masonry.
• Almost the ideal geometry of products, which allows you to lead the masonry on special glue.
• Comparatively low cost.
• Excellent refractory properties.
• Create a healthy microclimate indoors.

Disadvantages of gas silicate blocks:

1. The construction of the house from this wall material requires workers with high qualifications that have experience with gas silicate:

• If we do not want to get a wall in the cracks, you need to qualitatively fulfill the foundation. It is important that at the base (or basement), the horizontal deviations were no more than 3 mm for a length of 2 m.
• The masonry on the adhesives should be carried out with special care: the gap in the adhesive seam is unacceptable, otherwise we will get natural ventilation through the walls, and, contrary to expectations, the house will be cold. You should not make seams with a thickness of less than 3-5 mm.
• Dear interior decoration. The plaster is mandatory on the grid (glassball), so that cracks would not be manifested. The plaster layer should be no more than 4-5 mm.

2. The need for a facade finish is not only due to the unsightliness of the masonry, but also due to the fact that the gas silicate absorbs moisture well. In connection with such a feature, it is not recommended to apply it in areas where the humidity is more than 60%.

3. The wall of aerated concrete is badly kept heavy hinged items.

How much is a gas-silicate block?

Depending on the manufacturer and brand, the price for 1 m3 (28 pieces - 600x200x300) is:

• Wall, structural thermal insulation block from 3500 rubles. up to 3,800 rubles.
• Structural - about 3800-4000 rubles.

The price for 1 piece of the gas-silicate block of standard size, structural heat-insulating destination ranges somewhere from 120 to 140 rubles.

Gasilicate blocks are building material of universal value. It is an artificial porous stone. Such a structure is formed by a natural chemical reaction between aluminum and lime. In the process of reaction, these two components fall apart and form hydrogen.

Under the conditions of constant rise in price of energy carriers, the need for construction materials with high heat engineering characteristics increases. To reduce heat loss in modern projects In increasingly used aerated concrete and gas-silicate blocks - materials of the class of thermal insulation cellular concrete. They are often confused due to common properties and the same application. Even experts can not always immediately tell the potential customer, what material in front of him is a gas silicate or aerated concrete, which is better than the difference between them and is it at all. In part, the confusion makes the manufacturers themselves, when they determine aerated concrete as a kind of gas-silicate or vice versa.

What is the difference in a gas-concrete from a gas-silicate? In particular, in the manufacture of aerated concrete, a natural hardening of the block outdoors is allowed for a gas-silicate - autoclave furnaces are mandatory condition. In addition, for aerated concrete blocks, the main binder component is cement, at silicate analogues - lime. The use of different components affects the color of finished blocks.

If we talk about specific characteristics, such differences can be seen:

• Gasilicate blocks have a uniform distribution of hollow cells, which ensures high strength.
• The weight of aerated concrete blocks is much larger, which requires a reinforced foundation during construction.
• In terms of thermal insulation, gas-silicate blocks benefit from aerated concrete.
• Aerated concrete absorbs moisture better, which provides more freezing cycles.
• Gasilicate blocks have a more sustained geometry, as a result, the finishing finish of wall structures can be simplified.

Externally, the finished products are distinguished by color: gas silicate or autoclave gas concrete Practically white, gray is characteristic of non-autoclave aerated concrete.

The average values \u200b\u200bfor each parameter are given in the following table:

In terms of durability, materials are identical and can serve over 50 years.

If you answer the question: "What is the best, aerated concrete or gas-silicate?", Gas-silicate blocks have much more technical advantages. However, manufacturing technology forces to increase the cost of finished products, so aerated concrete blocks cost cheaper. Therefore, those who wish to build a house from high quality and modern material Gasylikat choose, who want to save on construction - give preference to a gas concrete.

It is necessary to take into account the region of application: in areas with increased air humidity, the operational period of gas silicate blocks is significantly reduced.

Composition and production technology of gas-silicate blocks

The mixture for the production of gas-silicate blocks has the following composition:

• knitchery (Portland cement according to GOST 10178-76, Calcium's lime boils (according to GOST 9179-77);
• silicate or silica filler (quartz sand with 85% quartz content, aslane-charge, etc.);
• lime, with the content of magnesium and calcium oxides of more than 70%, and damping up to 15 minutes;
• technical water;
• gas-forming additive (aluminum powder and others).

Gasilicate belongs to the class of lightweight cellular concrete. This material is a mixture consisting of 3 main components: cement, water and fillers. In the role of fillers can serve lime and quartz sand in the ratio of 0.62: 0.24. Separately, it is worth talking about the additives, which give the gas silicate of its individual characteristics. The role of additives is the fine aluminum powder. All these components are thoroughly mixed, and under certain observed conditions, foaming of all these materials occurs. With the reaction of aluminum powder with lime, hydrogen is highlighted. The huge amount of hydrogen bubbles isolated is a porous structure, which is the main distinguishing feature of the gas silicate. By its structure, it resembles a concrete "sponge", since the entire volume of the block consists of cells (bubbles with a diameter of 1-3 mm).

Gasilicate blocks

The cellular structure is almost 85% of the volume of the entire block, therefore this material is distinguished by very light weight. First, in a special mixer for 5 minutes a mixture of components is prepared, which includes portland cement, fine-flow sand (quartz), water, lime and gas formation (most often, this is a suspension of aluminum). Hydrogen formed by the reaction between aluminum paste (powder) and lime forms pores. Bubbles with dimensions from 0.6 to 3 mm evenly dispersed throughout the material.

In metallic tanks or forms, basic chemical reactions proceed. The mixture is subjected to vibration promoting swelling and grasp. After hardening, all irregularities from the surface are removed by steel string. The reservoir is divided into blocks, and then they go to the autoclave installation. The final calibration of finished blocks is carried out by a milling machine.

Gasilicate blocks are made only by an autoclave way. Foottonal blocks can be manufactured as an autoclave and non-autoclave way (natural hardening of the mixture):

1. Autoclave processing. This stage significantly improves the technical characteristics of the gas silicate. Here for 12 hours at high pressure Steam treatment is carried out, the temperature of which is almost 200 ° C. Such a heating process makes the texture more homogeneous, thereby improving the strength properties (at least 28 kgf / m²). Its specific thermal conductivity is 0.09-0.18 W (m ∙ K), which allows you to erect walls in one row (400 cm) in almost any climatic conditionsBut excluding the northern regions.
2. Nautoclave technology. Lies in the natural solidification of the mixture: moisturizing and drying in natural conditions. In this case, it can be performed with their own hands, since there are no special equipment here. The strength of the blocks with this production does not exceed 12 kgf / m².

The first variety costs more. This is due to significant manufacturing costs, as well as the best technical characteristics of gas-silicate blocks produced by such a method. They are much stronger, their thermal conductivity coefficient is less. Pores inside such a gasilicate are distributed extremely evenly, which affects the material compliance with the specified parameters.

Gas-silicate blocks: characteristics

Density of gas silicate blocks

The brand and density of gas-silicate blocks are indicated in the marking and determines the assignment of the unit:

• structural gas-silicate blocks - D1000-1200, have a density of 1000 to 1200 kg / m.Kub;
• constructive thermal insulation blocks - D500-900, have a density of 500-900 kg / m.Kub;
• thermal insulation D300-D500, the density of their materials is 300-500 kg / m.Kub.

Blocks of different density are easy to distinguish from each other visually.

There are several classifications of gas-silicate blocks with certain technical characteristics. Today, during construction work, the following brands of this material are used. The optimal option for low-rise construction is a gas-silicate D500 unit and a gas-silicate D600 unit.

The digital designation of the stamps listed earlier shows the density of the material. In particular, the gas-silicate block D500 has a density of 500 kg / m³.

Gas-silicate block D600.

The Gazilicate D600 unit is used in the construction of bearing walls of the house. It is also recommended to be used in the device of ventilated facades that are well attached to blocks of such density. The gas-silicate block D600 is distinguished by a strength of 2.5-4.5 MPa and has a thermal conductivity indicator of 0.14-0.15 W / (M ° C)

Gas-silicate block D500.

The gas-silicate block D500 is the most popular for low-rise (up to 3-floors) construction. This type is also used in monolithic construction. Its parameters 2-3 MPa (strength) and 0.12-0.13 W / (M ° C) (thermal conductivity).

When building a house above three floors, you should give preference to a gas-oscillating with marking above the D600 and additionally insulate the walls. Based on the value of the thermal conductivity coefficient, it can be concluded that the gas-silicate block D500 is warmer than the gas-silicate D600 unit by 15-17%.

Gasilicate block D400.

This type is used to arrange insulation, for work with openings in the construction of multi-storey buildings by a monolithic method. Mark D400 is also popular in private construction. With high strength, it has large thermal insulating properties. These indicators are within 1 MPa to 1.5 MPa (strength), 0.10-0.11 W / (M ° C) (thermal conductivity).

Gas-silicate block D300.

The D350 brand can only be used as a heater. In the domestic market, this is a rather rare brand, which is associated with its fragility. Strength is within 0.7-1.0 MPa. But it is distinguished by thermal conductivity, which is 0.08-0.09 W / (M ° C).

Thermal conductivity of gas silicate blocks

Depending on the proportions of the initial ingredients, it is possible to obtain a product with various operational characteristics. The thermal conductivity coefficient of the gas silicate block depends on its density and is determined by marking: D300, D400, D500, D600, D700.

The thermal conductivity of the gas silicate depends on a number of factors:

1. Dimensions of the building block. The greater thickness has a wall block, the higher its heat insulating properties.
2. Environmental humidity. Material, absorbed moisture reduces the ability to store heat.
3. Structure and number of pores. Blocks having in its structure a large number of large air cells have increased eppric indicators.
4. The density of concrete partitions. Building materials of elevated density worse maintain heat.

Table thermal conductivity of gas silicate blocks

Types of gas-silicate blocks

By appearance Several configurations of the gas silicate block are isolated. The basis of the classification is the purpose of the block.

• Smooth (straight) gas silicate block with hand grip

Absolutely smooth rectangular gas-silicate block, having a seizure of hands. Capture is easy to work, because it makes it easy to move blocks. The presence of capture handles increases glue consumption, since the laying technology of gas silicate blocks provides for the filling of all voids during operation.

• Wall gas silicate blocks with flat faces

An ordinary rectangular form reduces the glue consumption, but creates difficulties in moving the unit. In practice, in the construction of bearing walls, where larger blocks are used, preference is given to the capture unit.

• Gas-silicate blocks for partitions

Present blocks with flat faces. Partition blocks have a smaller thickness and less weight. It is convenient to work with them.

On straight blocks with a screwdriver, you can cut any drawings. But such a decor rather apply in the decoration of the site by the residues of blocks from construction rather than in the construction itself, since the gasilicat is desirable to protect the outer finishing material.

• Wall Gas Silic Paz-Comb

The formation of the compounding system of the groove comb in the complexity of production refers to high-tech block processing. Therefore, they are characterized by a higher cost. However, it is justified because: increases the speed of work, reduces glue consumption (vertical connections do not need gluing), it is possible to eliminate cold bridges in the vertical connection places.

If the house is not subject to external finish. The connection is better to apply a thin layer of glue with the front side of the masonry. This will provide additional seam insulation.

• Gas-silicate blocks U-shaped

The purpose of U-shaped blocks is the installation of hidden construction elements (for jumpers and monolithic belts). According to the technology, the laying of walls from gas-silicate blocks provides for mandatory reinforcement, the first and every fourth of the subsequent rows. It is in order to conveniently hide the reinforcement intended emptiness in the U-shaped blocks. After laying the reinforcing metal, the space is necessarily filled concrete solution or glue. In this case, you should use a cheaper material for filling.

What are the dimensions of gas silicate blocks

Of course, manufacturers produce gas-silicate blocks of different sizes. However, most enterprises are trying to follow the established standards of GOST No. 31360 from 2007. Here are the sizes of finished products:

• 250*250*600.
• 250*400*600.
• 500*200*300.
• 600*100*300.
• 600*200*300.

It is important to understand that according to GOST, deviations of length and diagonal, which include finished products to the 1st or 2nd category.

Deviations in the size of gas-silicate blocks reduce the installation time due to the absence of the need for grinding and fit.

• The thickness of gas-silicate blocks: 200, 250, 300, 350, 375, 400, 500 mm;
• Thickness of partition blocks 100-150 mm;
• Length of gas silicate blocks: 600, 625 mm;
• Height of gas-silicate blocks: 200, 250, 300 mm;
• The weight of gas-silicate blocks: 14-34 kg;
• In 1 m.Kub. from 13 to 33 pcs. (depends on the thickness);
• Consumption per 1 sq.m. The walls are 6.7-7 pcs.

The exact parameters are listed in the tables below:

The dimensions of the U-shaped gas-blockazme size of the gas silicate block for the walls (DHSHV) in different manufacturers and the number of pieces on the pallet.

Number of blocks in the pallet

The weight of the gas-silicate block

The structural mass of the block varies depending on the density of the finished product. If you are judged by labeling, you can select this weight:

• D400. Mass 5-21 kg.
• D500 / D600. Weight - 9-30 kg.
• D700. Weight - 10-40 kg.

In addition to the density, the fundamental factor in weight changes is considered the overall size of the finished block.

Pros and cons of gas silicate blocks

Like any building material, gas silicate blocks have strengths and weaknesses. Positive characteristics include such moments:

1. Gasilicate concrete refers to the category of non-combustible materials and is able to withstand an open flame effect up to 5 hours, without changing the form and properties.
2. Large dimensions Provide the rapid construction of wall structures.
3. Blocks have a specific low weight, which significantly simplifies the workflow.
4. In production, only natural materials are used, so gas-silicate blocks are environmentally safe.
5. The porous structure provides high values \u200b\u200bof the insulation of the premises.
6. The material is easy to process, which helps build walls with complex geometry.

The following can be attributed to the following:

1. Well absorb moisture, which reduces the operational period.
2. Application for adhesion of special adhesive compositions.
3. Mandatory exterior finish.

It is worth noting that for gas silicate blocks requires a solid foundation. In most cases, the reinforcing belt is required.

AT construction sector Gasilicate products are used. The process of production of blocks is carried out at high pressure, as well as in vivo. Thanks to the porous structure, they are well held warm. Popular gas-silicate block D500, whose characteristics provide the ability to use this material when erecting houses. As a result of the use of increased size blocks, the cycle of building buildings is reduced. Consider the main technical characteristics that need to be considered when choosing a material.

What are gas-silicate blocks

Block products made of gas silicate - Modern building material made from the following raw materials:

• portland cement, which is a binding ingredient;
• quartz sand introduced into the composition as a placeholder;
• lime involved in the reaction of gas formation;
• powdered aluminum added to foaming mass.

When mixing the components, the working mixture increases in the amount as a result of an actively flowing chemical reaction.

Gasilicate blocks are widely used in the field of construction

The molding containers filled with a silicate mixture are frozen in various conditions:

• naturally at ambient temperature. The hardening process lasts 15-30 days. The resulting products are characterized by a reduced value, however, it has insufficiently high strength;
• in autoclaves, where products are dried at elevated pressure. Steaming allows you to increase the strength characteristics and specific gravity Gasilicate products.

Indicators of density and strength depending on the manufacturer's method. These characteristics of materials determine the use area.

Blocks are divided into the following types:

• construction products. They are marked with D700 and in demand for the construction of capital walls whose height is no more than three floors;
• heat insulating-structural products. The D500 brand corresponds to these blocks. They are used for the construction of internal partitions and the construction of bearing walls of small buildings;
• heat insulation products. They are characterized by increased porosity and reduced to D400 density. This allows the use of gas-silicate material for reliable insulation of walls.

The digital index in the labeling of the blocks corresponds to the mass of one cubic meter of the gas silicate indicated in kilograms. With increasing material density, its thermal insulation properties are reduced. The products of the D700 brand gradually displacing the traditional brick, and the products with the D400 density are not inferior to the thermal insulation properties of modern insulation.

Gas-silicate blocks are superior to the mechanical strength of foam concrete

Gasilicate blocks - pluses and cons of the material

Gasilicate products have a complex of serious advantages. The main advantages of gas-silicate blocks:

• reduced weight with increased volumes. The density of gas-silicate material is 3 times less compared to the brick and approximately 5 times lower, if compared with concrete;
• increased safety margin that allows you to perceive compressive loads. The strength indicator for the gas-silicate block with marking D500 is 0.04 t / cm³;
• increased thermal insulation properties. The material successfully competes with annealed brick, the thermal conductivity of which threefoldly exceeds the similar indicator of the gas silicate;
• the correct form of blocks. Due to the reduced tolerances on the overall dimensions and a clear geometry, the laying of the blocks is carried out on a thin layer of the adhesive solution;
• enhanced dimensions. The use for the construction of walls of buildings of large-sized silicate blocks with a slight weight allows to reduce the duration of construction;
• good workability. If necessary, it is easy to give a gas-silicate block given form or cut block material into separate blanks;
• acceptable price. Using a block gas silicate for the construction of a cottage, a private house or cottage, it is easy to significantly reduce the estimated cost of building events;
• fire safety. Blocks are not flammable when heated and exposed to open fire. They relate to weakly manual building materials included in the combustible group G1;
• high sound insulation properties. They are provided by porous structure. By the ability to absorb external noises, blocks ten times exceed ceramic brick;
• ecology. In the manufacture of a gas silicate mixture, toxic ingredients are not used and harmful components are not distinguished during operation;
• parry permeability. Through the air cells inside the gas-silicate array, an air exchange occurs, creating a favorable microclimate inside the structure;
• frost resistance. Gasilicate blocks retain the structure of the array and operational characteristics, withsting more than two hundred and continuous freezing cycles, followed by thawing;
• heat accumulating properties. Gasilicate blocks are an energy-saving material that is capable of accumulating heat energy and gradually give it to increase the room temperature.

Scope depends on material density

Despite the many advantages, gas silicate blocks have weaknesses. The main disadvantages of the material:

• increased hygroscopicity. Porous gas-silicate blocks through an unprotected surface gradually absorb moisture, which destroys the structure and reduces strength;
• the need to use special fasteners to fix attachment furniture and equipment. Standard fasteners do not provide reliable fixation due to the cellular block structure;
• not enough high mechanical strength. Block material cries under load, so requires neat handling during transportation and masonry;
• the formation of mold and the development of fungal colonies inside and on the surface of the blocks. Because of the increased moisture absorption, favorable conditions for the growth of microorganisms are created;
• increased shrinkage. In real operating conditions, under the influence of loads, the blocks are gradually seated, which causes the formation of cracks after a while;
• reduced adhesion with sand-cement plaster. It is necessary to use special finishing formulations for plastering of the gas silicate.

Despite the existing shortcomings, gasilicate blocks are actively used to build capital walls in the field of low-rise construction, as well as for the construction of thermal insulated walls of multi-storey buildings and for thermal insulation of various structures. Professional builders and private developers prefer gasilicate blocks due to significant benefits of material.

Gas-silicate block D500 - building material characteristics

The D500 structural-thermal insulation unit is used for various purposes:

• structures of boxes of low-rise buildings;
• arrangement of interroom partitions;
• strengthen door and window openings.

Gasilicate blocks provide good thermal insulation Premises

After making the decision to acquire a block silicate with the D500 marking, you should familiarize yourself with the operational properties of the popular building material. Let us dwell on the main characteristics.

Thunderstanding properties

The strength class of material for compression varies depending on the method of manufacturing blocks:

• the gas silicate of the D500 brand, obtained by the autoclave method, is characterized by an indicator of B2.5-B3 strength;
• the class of compressive strength for similar blocks produced by non-autoclave technology is B1.5.

The strength of the D500 blocks reaches 4 MPa, which is not high enough. To prevent cracking of the gas silicate material, the masonry or reinforcement is enhanced. The relatively low margin of strength allows the use of block building materials in the field of low-rise construction. When erecting multi-storey buildings, gasilicate blocks are used in conjunction with bricks for the thermal insulation of the veins.

Specific gravity

The density of gas silicate blocks is an important operational indicator characterizing the porosity of the block array. The density is indicated by the label in the form of the Latin letter D and the digital index. The figure in the marking characterizes the mass of one cubic meter of the gas silicate. So, one cubic meter Gasilicate with labeling D500 weighs 500 kg. Knowing the marking of products by density, block sizes and their number, it is easy to calculate the load on the foundation base.

Gasilicate blocks - eco-friendly material

Heat-conducting characteristics

The thermal conductivity of gas-silicate blocks is the ability to transmit heat energy. The value of the indicator characterizes the thermal conductivity coefficient of gas silicate blocks.

The value of the coefficient varies depending on the concentration of moisture in the material:

• the coefficient of thermal conductivity of dry gas-silicate material of the D500 brand is 0.12 W / M⁰C;
• with an increase in humidity up to 5%, the thermal conductivity of the D500 blocks increases to 0.47 W / M⁰С.

In the buildings constructed from gas-silicate blocks, due to the reduced thermal conductivity of the material, the favorable microclimate is maintained.

Frost resistance

The ability of gas-silicate blocks to perceive the temperature differences associated with deep freezing and thawing, characterizes the marking. The frost factory for D500 products is F50. Compared to other species composite concrete This is a fairly good indicator. The frost resistance affects the concentration of moisture in blocks. With a decrease in the moisture content of the material, the blocks resistance of blocks increases.

Lifetime

Gasilicate is distinguished by a long period of use. The structure of the gas silicate array retains integrity for more than half a century. Block manufacturers guarantee the service life of products for 60-80 years, subject to the protection of the blocks from absorbing moisture. Watching the material allows you to extend the service life.

Fire safety

Gasilicate blocks - fireproof building materials with fire resistance up to 400 ° C. Tests confirm that the plaster-covered gas silicate wall is able to withstand the effect of open fire for three to four hours. Blocks are suitable for the construction of fire-resistant walls, partitions and chimneys.

Conclusion

Block gas silicate - proven material for the construction of low-rise buildings. The characteristics of the blocks allow the stability of the builded structures and maintain a comfortable microclimate inside the buildings.

Gasilicate blocks are in a wide demand in residential and industrial construction. This building material for many parameters exceeds concrete, brick, natural wood, etc. It is made of environmentally friendly raw materials, it is easy, refractory, ease of operation and transportation. The use of this light material makes it possible to reduce the cost of arranging a heavy reinforced foundation and thereby reduce the maintenance of the building.

What is gas-silicate blocks

The gas silicate block is a lightweight and durable wall material that is made from cellular concrete. Products have a porous internal structure, which has a positive effect on their heat and noise insulating properties. Such a building material can be applied in various fields of the construction industry - for the construction of country and country houses, car garages, economic structures, warehouse complexes, etc.

How gas-silicate blocks are made

There are two main technologies for the production of gas-silicate building blocks.

• Nautoclave. With this method of production, the frozen of the working mixture occurs in natural conditions. Non-autoclave gas-silicate blocks are highlighted by lower cost, but have some important differences from autoclave. First, they are less durable. Secondly, when they dry out, the shrinkage occurs almost 5 times more intense than in the case of autoclave products.
• Autoclave. For the autoclave production of the gas silicate, more energy and material resources are required, which increases the final cost of products. The manufacture is carried out at a certain pressure (0.8-1.2 MPa) and temperatures (up to 200 degrees Celsius). Finished products are obtained more durable and sustainable shrinkage.

Types of blocks

Depending on the density, composition and functional purpose Gasilicate blocks are divided into three main categories.

• Structural. Have high strength characteristics. The density of products is at least 700 kg / m 3. Used in the construction of high-rise structures (up to three floors). Capable to withstand large mechanical loads. The thermal conductivity is 0.18-0.2 W / (m · ° C).
• Structural heat-insulating. Blocks with a density of 500-700 kg / m 3 are used in the arrangement of bearing walls in low-rise buildings. Different with a balanced ratio of strength and thermal insulation characteristics [(0.12-0.18 W / (M · ° C)].
• Heat insulating. They are distinguished by increased heat insulating properties [(0.08-0.1 W / (m · ° C)]. Due to low density (less than 400 kg / m 3) are not suitable for creating bearing walls, therefore apply exclusively for insulation.

Size and weight

Wall blocks made of gas silicate have standard dimensions 600 x 200 x 300 mm. The overall characteristics of the semi-blocks are 600 x 100 x 300 mm. Depending on the manufacturer's company, product sizes can be somewhat different: 500 x 200 x 300, 588 x 300 x 288 mm and others.

The mass of one block depends on its density:

• construction blocks weigh 20-40 kg, semi-blocks - 10-16 kg;
• structural heat-insulating blocks and semi-blocks - 17-30 kg and 9-13 kg, respectively;
• the thermal insulation blocks weigh 14-21 kg, semi-blocks - 5-10 kg.

The composition of gas-silicate blocks

Gasilicate is an environmentally friendly building material, which is manufactured from non-toxic raw materials of natural origin. The blocks include cement, sand, lime and water. As a foaming agent, an aluminum crumb is used, which contributes to an increase in the wetness coefficient of blocks. Also, in the manufacture of material, a surfactant is applied - Sulfonol S.

Product specifications

Building blocks From the gas silicate they have the following characteristics.

• Heat capacity. Produced on autoclave technology have a thermal conductivity coefficient of 1 kJ / (kg · ° C).
• Thermal conductivity. The structural-thermal insulation gas silicate has an average thermal conductivity of about 0.14 W / (M · ° C), whereas for reinforced concrete this parameter reaches a mark of 2.04.
• Sound absorption. Gasilicate blocks significantly reduce the amplitude of the external noise, the sound absorption index for this material is 0.2.
• Frost resistance. Material with a density of 600 kg / m 3 withstands up to 35 cycles of freezing and thawing (which corresponds to the index F35). Products with more high density Awarded a frost resistance class F50.

Advantages and disadvantages of gas silicate blocks

The main advantages of the gasilicate are the following.

• Ease. Gasilicate blocks weigh almost 5 times less than concrete products of the same size. It makes it easier construction works and allows you to reduce the cost of transportation of building materials.
• Effective heat and sound insulation. Due to the presence of internal micropores, high heat and noise insulating characteristics of the gas silicate are achieved. This allows you to create a comfortable indoor microclimate.
• Ecology. Building material does not contain dangerous toxins and carcinogens, which can harm the environment and human health.
• Fireproof. Gasilicate is made from non-combustible raw materials, therefore it is not destroyed with intensive heating and does not contribute to the spread of the flame during the fire.

As far as the shortcomings are critical

Like any other building material, the gas silicate has some disadvantages.

• Low margin of safety. Low density material (300-400 kg / m 3) has relatively low strength characteristics. Therefore, during construction it is necessary to fulfill the work on the reinforcement of walls.
• Smooth surfaces. The facial parts of gas-silicate blocks have a smooth surface with a low roughness coefficient. Because of this, adhesion worsen finishing materialsThat complicates the process of finishing walls with plaster and other coatings.
• Low moisture resistance. Due to the increased porosity, the material is sensitive to high humidity. Water and water vapor penetrate the inner micro and during freezing increase in volume, destroying blocks from the inside. Therefore, the walls from the gas silicate need additional waterproofing.

Where gas-silicate blocks are used

Gasilicate blocks are used in residential and industrial construction. This material is applied not only to build the bearing elements of buildings, but also to increase thermal insulation, as well as to protect engineering networks (in particular, heating).

The scope of gas silicate is determined by its characteristics, primarily density.

• Products whose density is 300-400 kg / m 3, have a low margin of safety, so they are used primarily for the insulation of the walls.
• GasOlikat with a density of 400 kg / m 3 is suitable for construction one-storey houses, garages, service and economic attacks. Due to higher strength, the material is able to withstand significant loads.
• Blocks with a density of 500 kg / m 3 are optimal in the ratio of strength and thermal insulation properties. They are often used to build cottages, country houses and other buildings up to 3 floors high.

Gasilicate blocks with a density of 700 kg / m 3 are the most durable. They are used to build high-rise objects of residential and industrial significance. But due to the increased density, the coefficient of material porosity is reduced and, therefore, its thermal insulation properties. Therefore, walls built from such blocks require additional insulation.

The process of construction and testing of blocks.

The mass use of gas-silicate blocks in construction indicates their vast popularity. In terms of price and quality ratio with the wonderful characteristics of the aerated concrete blocks, nothing is most optimal than the gas silicate has not yet come up with. Aerated concrete is a cellular concrete autoclave hardening - Time-tested construction materials used in almost all types constructive elements Constructions and buildings of various purposes. But where did the production of cellular concrete come from, and when he began to be used in his modern video? The development aimed at obtaining a new multifunctional building material was carried out from the end of the 19th century. By the beginning of the twentieth, several foreign scientists have managed to obtain a patent for the invention of the so-called "miracle concrete", because at that time the world extremely needed large quantities of artificially produced stone for construction. Experimenting with composite elements, the method of samples and non-discovered errors was obtained by a prototype of a modern gas-concrete solution. However, the properties and characteristics of gas-silicate blocks as we know them now, at that time, of course, were not. Modern gas blocks appeared only in the 90s. These are all known foam concrete, polyterolbeton and aerated concrete blocks. Regarding the latter - they are 2 types: the autoclave and respectively autoclave method of hardening. Unatoclave aerated concrete systems are inhomogeneous and quite often contain harmful air hookers, giving a greater shrinkage during the operation process. Aerated concrete resulting from the use of an autoclave method is much more environmentally friendly and stronger non-autoclave (by about twice). The method of manufacturing a cellular concrete was proposed in the thirties and since then, in principle, it changed little, although the properties of gas-silicate blocks improved and the sphere of its application was expanding. For its manufacture, sand, cement, lime, gypsum stone and ordinary water are used. Aluminum powder is added to the mixture of these materials, which contributes to the formation of small air cells in a mixture of small air cells, which make the material with porous. Immediately after the intimidation, short exposure and cutting of the array on the products of the necessary sizes, the cellular concrete mass is placed in the autoclave, where it is hardening in the steam medium. This energy-saving technology does not leave any waste that would pollute air, soil and water. Gas silicate blocks of autoclave hardening are a material with unique properties. After all, it combined the best qualities of the 2 oldest building materials: Woods and stone. AT last years In connection with a noticeable increase in the requirements for the thermal insulation qualities of the enclosing structures in residential and public buildings of one of the few varieties of concrete, from which it is possible to build a truly thermal efficient optimal thickness of the optimal thickness. Characteristics and properties of gas silicate blocks give this building material a number of highly important advantages:

Gas-silicate blocks lightweight.

This is perhaps the main and indisputable advantage of a gas-silicate before brick. The weight of the gas silicate block is in the range of 488 - 500-cell kilograms / m3, depending on the size of the aerated concrete blocks.

The usual block (according to GOST 21520-89) has a D500 density brand and size 250 at 625 thickness of 400 mm and a mass of about 30.5 kilograms and thermal conductivity can replace the wall with a thickness of 64 cm from twenty-eight bricks, whose weight is one hundred and twenty kilograms. Big sizes Gasilicate blocks with insignificant weight significantly reduce installation costs and significantly reduce the construction time. To increase the amusement of aerated concrete, you do not need a crane: there are several people with this, or you can use the ordinary winch, therefore, the light weight of such a cellular concrete allows to reduce not only transport and installation work, but also the cost of arrangement of foundations. Foot concrete blocks are much easier than foam concrete, treatable. They can be cut, drill to strict and mill with a conventional tool.

Blocks gas-silicate environmental friendliness.

Since autoclave hardening aerated concrete is obtained from sand, cement, lime and aluminum powder, they are not there is toxic substances, as a result of its ecology, it is close to the tree, but at the same time not inclined to rotting and aging. Aerated concrete products are completely safe for a person, in a house, built out of it, breathes as easily as in the erected tree.

Speed \u200b\u200band efficiency when working with gas-silicate blocks.

Due to this characteristic of gas-silicate blocks, as their impressive dimensions (600 per (50-500) per 250 mm), with a low weight, the construction process flows quickly and easily. The speed of construction increases really essentially (times in 4) and, accordingly, labor costs are reduced. In the ends of some types of gas silicate block, special grooves and ridges are formed, as well as gripping pockets intended for hands. It is absolutely no need to 1-1.5 cm solution in the masonry, quite enough adhesive layer in 3-5 millimeters applied to the toothed cell, in order to securely strengthen the block. The blocks from aerated concrete have an almost ideal configuration (since the allowable deviation of their faces does not exceed one millimeter), which makes it possible to use the technology of finest masonry, significantly reduces the cost of work. The cost of gas-silicate blocks is low compared to the same brick, but the glue to perform thin seams is about twice as expensive than the price of a sand-cement solution, but the consumption of material in the production of the fasonry of the gas-concrete block is reduced by about six times. Ultimately, the resulting fine laying makes it possible to three times reduce the cost of the masonry solution, in addition, due to the minimum thickness of the connecting glue, the bridges of the cold decrease in the walls and the house is warmer.

Gasosilicate blocks Low thermal conductivity.

It provides air bubbles that occupy about 80 percent of the material. Indeed, it is due to them among positive qualities The aerated concrete blocks have a high thermal insulation capacity, due to which the costs of percent heating are reduced by 20-30 and can be refused to apply additional heat insulating materials. The walls that are made of gas-silicate blocks fully meet the new SPIPOVSK REQUESS, which are presented to the thermal conductivity of the walls of public and residential buildings. In a dry condition, the thermal conductivity coefficient in aerated concrete is 0.12 W / m ° C, at 12% humidity - 0.145 W / m ° C. AT middle lane Russia is possible to build walls from gas-silicate blocks (no more than 500 kilograms / m3 density), whose thickness is 40 cm.

Energy saving thanks to gas-silicate blocks.

To date, energy saving has become one of the most important indicators. It happens that neglecting this parameter leads to the impossibility of exploitation of a working house of a brick: the owner simply could not afford financially to dump so much room. When using a gas-concrete block with a weight of 500 kilograms / m3, a 40 cm thickness is achieved by an energy saving parameter within the normal range. The use of aerated concrete blocks with a density of more than 500 kilograms / m3 leads to a noticeable deterioration in parameters (heat engineering properties decrease by fifty percent when using blocks that have a density of 600-700 kilograms / m3). Gas-silicate blocks with density less than 400 kilograms / m3 can be applied in construction only as a heater, due to their low strength characteristics.

Blocks gas silicate frost resistance.

The quality of aerated concrete blocks in terms of frost resistance allows them to become record holders among the materials that are used in low-rise construction. Excellent frost resistance is explained by the presence of backup emptiness, in which water is displaced during freezing, while the gas-silicate block itself is not destroyed. If the technology of construction from aerated concrete is observed strictly, the frost resistance of the buildingterier exceeds two hundred cycles.

Sound insulation quality of aerated concrete blocks.

Due to its cellular small-handed structure, the soundproofing qualities of the gas silicate many times higher than the brickwork. With the existence of an air gap between the layers of aerated concrete blocks, or when performing a wall surface finish with more dense building materials, an audible insulation is provided by about 50 dB.

Autoclave hardening blocks fire safety.

Cellular aerated concrete blocks are not afraid of fire. Chimneys from gas-silicate blocks are paved through any wooden designs Without cutting, because they are warmly carried out badly. And since only mineral raw materials of natural origin are used to obtain aerated concrete, the aerated concrete blocks belong to the group that do not support the combustion of materials and are able to withstand one-sided fiery effects for 3-7 hours. When using aerated concrete blocks in a bundle with metal structures, or as a sheat, they are ideal for the construction of fire-resistant walls, elevator and ventilation mines.

Blocks of fuel tuning strength.

With a low volume weight of the gas silicate block - 500 kilograms / m3 - it has a fairly high compression strength indicator - in the region of 28-40 kgf / cm3 due to autoclave processing (for comparison, the same foam concrete is only 15 kgf / cm3). In practice, the block strength is so that it can be safely used when building houses with carrot walls up to 3rd floors, or without limiting the floors - in frame-monolithic construction.

Gas-silicate blocks are lightness and rationality of processing.

Plocks made of aerated concrete quite easily mechanical processing: Without problems, you can saw, drill, strict, milling, applying standard tools that are used for wood processing. Channels for pipes and cables can be laid using usual hand toolAnd it is possible to accelerate the process to apply and power tools. Hand saw It will make it easy to give a gas silicate any configuration, which completely solves issues with good blocs, as well as the external architectural expressiveness of structures. Channels and holes for arranging electrical wiring, sockets, pipelines, etc. You can cut through using an electric door.

Blocks gas silicate dimensions.

The process for the manufacture of autoclave hardware blocks guarantees high-precision dimensions - usually 250 to 625 millimeters with various thickness At 50 - 500 millimeters (+ - millimeter). Deviations, as you see, are so minimal that the wall has just been a surface that is absolutely ready to apply a putty, which is the basis for wallpaper or painting.

Ungigroscopicity of the gas-concrete block.

Although the autoclave gas-concrete block is a highly porous material (its porosity is capable of reaching up to 90th percent), the material is not hygroscopic. Once, for example, under the rain, aerated concrete, in contrast to the same wood dry pretty quickly and absolutely not breeding. Compared with the brick, the aerated concrete is absolutely not "sucking" water, since the capillaries are interrupted by special spherical pores.

Fuel Blocks Application.

The easiest gas silicate blocks that have a density of 350 kilograms / m³ are used as insulation. The density of four hundred kg / m³ density is a density of the bearing walls and partitions in low-rise house-building. Having high strength properties of gas-silicate blocks - 500 kilograms / m³ - applicable for construction of both non-residential and residential facilities reaching more than 3rd floors in height. And finally, those gas silicate blocks whose density equals the 700-kg / m³ is ideal for the construction of multi-storey houses during reinforcement, and also used to create light overlaps. The builders who do not require special care are unpretentious and eternal. The autoclave hardware unit is excellent for those who seek to reduce the cost of construction. The cost of aerated concrete blocks is small, besides, it is necessary to build a house from a gas-silicate less finishing and building materials than bricks. Yes, and it is quite simple to work with gas-silicate blocks, which reduces labor costs and speeds up the process of building buildings - the construction of gas-silicate blocks is carried out on average four times faster than when working with bricks.

Blocks gas silicate delivery and storage.

Gasilicate blocks are packaged by the manufacturer in a rather strong heat shrinkable hermetic film, which reliably protects the material from humidity influence. Therefore, there is no need to take care of the proper protection of aerated concrete from negative atmospheric influences. The main task of the buyer, which independently transports aerated concrete blocks becomes protecting them from a different kind of mechanical damage. When transporting in the body, pallets with installed blocks should be firmly fixed with soft pins, which are designed to prevent pallets with blocks from movements and friction. When unloading building materials, soft slings are also used. If the aerated concrete blocks are freed from the protective film and become stored in the open area, undergoing precipitation - note that from high humidity, the characteristics of the aerated concrete blocks deteriorate, because this material should be kept under a canopy or even on a closed warehouse.

Laying of aerated concrete blocks.

Works on building buildings from aerated concrete blocks can be produced at temperatures up to - 50 degrees; When using a special frost-resistant glue. Since aerated concrete is a rather lightweight material, it does not cause extrusion of glue. Unlike brick wallsYou can lay out from aerated concrete without pauses. According to construction regulations, gas-silicate blocks having a thickness of 375 - 400 millimeters are used to lad out, having a thickness of 375 - 400 millimeters, for interroom - at least 250. In order to prevent the penetration of moisture from the basement, the laying of gas-silicate blocks should be carried out on the waterproofing layer (for example, rubberoid) - dimensions It should be a little more than the width of the aerated concrete blocks in the masonry. A 1st layer of gas-silicate blocks for the purpose of alignment is placed on the solution, in order to compensate for the existing irregularities of the foundation. Start the laying of the gas-silicate block with the highest according to its size of the building angle. Blocks with a level and hammer of rubber are aligned, polished - with a grater, after which the laying is thoroughly cleaned from dust. Stacking the very first row of gas-silicate blocks should be paid to special attention, because the ease of all further work depends on its leveling and the final quality of the construction. Control the laying of gas-silicate blocks can be using a level and cord. The next row of laying of gas silicate blocks begins with any of the corners. In order to ensure maximum flatness of the series, do not forget to use the level, and with a large length of the wall - also the lighthouse intermediate blocks. A series of rows with a mandatory dressing of gas-silicate blocks - that is, the displacement of each subsequent series relative to the previous ones. The minimum bias value becomes 10 centimeters. Glue, which protrudes from the seams, do not drain, and remove with the help of a trowel. Blocks made of gas silicate with a complex configuration and good are made with a blank for blocks.

Internal partitions from gas-silicate blocks.

No matter what of the modern partition designs you decide to apply in own home (For example, partitions made of metal products and plaster roots), you will still need to make any sandwich system using the insulation, in order to achieve an optimal level of noise insulation. And, as you know, any of the complexity sandwich systems is much higher and more expensive than the laying of gas-silicate blocks. The block with partitions easily solves a gas-concrete block. To build the inner partitions, aerated concrete blocks having a thickness of 75 and 100 millimeters and a density of 500 are taken. The wall as a result is pretty durable, heat and noisely insulated, but at the same time.

Reinforcement when laying from gas-silicate blocks.

When the walls in low-rise residential buildings from aerated concrete blocks, fittings are applied, which is assigned to a specialist, in accordance with a certain project. As a rule, reinforcement is made in two - four rows of masonry; Additionally, the armature is installed in the corners of the buildings.

Aerated concrete blocks are thus a truly economical and efficient building material, whose properties allow us as soon as possible to build buildings for various purposes. Gas-silicate blocks are produced in two types: wall and partitions. Both those and others are certified according to GOST. This high-elastic material on advanced technologies using itself is manufactured. modern equipmentthat provides the gas silicate block the highest quality and constancy of important technical characteristics. If you are interested in purchasing it, contact the company Attribut-S. , After all, we know about aerated concrete and offer our customers only high-quality gas-silicate blocks made in all technological standards and having impeccable characteristics of strength, thermal insulation, durability, etc. Attribut-S. Provide you with any volumes of aerated concrete blocks and, that is important, in addition to the sale, we offer you also to quickly deliver gas-silicate blocks with careful unloading. You will appreciate our impeccable service and prices for gas-silicate blocks, which are noticeably lower than many similar organizations in the Moscow region. Order Gasosilicate blocks with delivery easily, you just need to contact us by phone 8-499-340-35-47, or send an application for the address This e-mail address is protected from spam bots, you should have to view it. JavaScript enabled. You may not doubt, you will definitely answer and revise all the terms of payment and delivery of gas-silicate blocks. And if you have questions - write and get all the answers you are interested in.

Additional information about aerated concrete blocks: