The history of the emergence of domestic football presentation. Presentation "Football Story" (Grade 10) on Physical Education - Project, Report. This looks like an arbitrary dozen of the best legionnaires in the history of domestic football without taking into account players from page

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When Japan filed an application for the 2002 World Championship, there was such a curious fact among her arguments that four more centuries ago in this country played Kennatt - the game in the ball, something similar to modern football. Of course, for so many centuries, the rules of the game have changed a lot, but the fact remains a fact.

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In the testimony of the contemporary of ancient Rome (Polluks), a description of Gaspartum ("Manual Ball") - Games remotely resembling football. The game in ancient Rome was distinguished by cruelty. It is thanks to the Roman conquerors that the game in the 1st day of our era began to be known in the British Islands, quickly gaining recognition among indigenous people.

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The history of the development of football rules.

The first official rules of football are approved in 1863. 1875 - The gate rods connected the crossbar. In 1890, the invention is patented - a mesh of a soccer gate. 1878 - the appearance on a whistle football field. 1880 - 1881 - The appearance of the judge on the field, and from 1891, the judges overlook the field with two assistants. 1891 - the introduction of the eleventh-impact strike.

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Football development in Russia.

Football first appeared in Russia at the end of the XIX century. And in 1893, on September 13, the first football match of Russia was officially played in St. Petersburg. But football in Russia existed before. As in other countries in Russia there were games with a ball, similar to football. They played in the laps on the ice of the rivers or on the market squares with a leather ball stuffed with feathers. One of these games was called Salyga: Players were sought to drive the ball into the "city" of the enemy. Belinsky wrote that "in the games and fun of the Russian people, the innocent severity of its morals, the boys and a wide range of his feelings reflected.

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At the beginning of the 20th century, the first competitions among football teams took place. 1912 - the first championship of Russia. 1912 - the first participation in the Olympic Games in Stockholm.

Among the players of that time, Grigory Bohemian, Vasily Zhitarov and Vasily Butusov, who scored the first goal in the Russian national team was distinguished.

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"King of Air" - Fedor Celine

Football Match on the field of Zamoskvoretsky Sport Club

National team of Russia.

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The 1924 was marked by the debut of the USSR national team, which beat the national team of Turkey with a score 3-0 at home. The first goal for the USSR national team scored Brother Vasily Butusov, captain of the national team - Mikhail Butusov. Twelve years defended the colors of the national team of the USSR, was the leader of her attacks and almost permanent captain. At the thirty-fourth year, he was awarded the title of Honored Master of Sports of the USSR in one of the first among Soviet football players.

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The indicative match of Spartak teams on Red Square

Brothers Starostins

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In 1952, the USSR national team resumed his speeches. True, participation in the Helsinki Olympiad turned out to be unsuccessful. But already in 1956. In Melbourne, the Soviet team rose to the highest level of the Olympic pedestal of the honorable, defeating Yugoslavov with a score of 1 - 0. Twil two years, the USSR national team debuted at the World Championships.

CCD - "Spartak". Play Leaders of Soviet football

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Vsevolod Bobrov

During these years, bright players have come true:

Sergey Salnikov Igor Netto Nikita Simonyan Valentin Ivanov Lev Yashin Edward Schar

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For 1954-1956, the USSR national team in 22 matches won 16 victories, 4 played a draw, and only 2 matches were lost. 69 goals were scored, only 17 missed, which is not surprising, because then in the national team, such a famous goalkeeper was listed as Lev Yashin, who was recognized as the best football players in Europe in 1963. Yashin spent 78 matches in the national team.

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The USSR national team gained increasingly authority in the world. In 1960, she won the first European Cup, once again defeating the final of Yugoslavov (2: 1). It was one of the most prominent victories of our team. In 1964 and 1972. She took second place in this tournament.

Bright victories of the USSR national team.

Vsevolod Bobrov (left) displays the Moscow national team

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At the 1966 World Championships, the Soviet team has achieved the best results in their entire history - the fourth place, ahead of Brazilian national teams, Hungary, Italy, Uruguay, Argentina and Spain. The team's trophies should be attributed to the Bronze Medals of the Olympics-1972.

The qualifying match of the World Championship of the USSR is Turkey.

Friendly match of the USSR - Uruguay. V. Ivanov scores the fourth goal. Total account 5: 0. 1962 year

Starting from 1965, Soviet clubs tried forces in eurocades. In 1972, the capital Dynamo managed to get to the Cup Final, where they gave way to the Scottish club "Glasgow Rangers".

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New masters appeared in the teams:

Victor Monday

Glory Harevie Anatoly Cheshovets Murtaz Hurscilava Mikhail Mesha

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The national team became a silver medalist at the 1988 European Championships. At the same time, the Soviet footballers won the Olympics, and at the 1976 and 1980 games. ranked third.

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At the same time, the USSR national team was not able to get to the World Championship and three times in the Finals of the European Championships. In the late 80s. Our best players began to leave abroad. And in 1990, even before the collapse of the Soviet Union, there was a split in domestic football: from the championship, the teams of Georgia and Lithuania dropped out.

Rinat Dasayev took a difficult ball

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1930. Uruguay

The honor of the first championship of the world went to Uruguayans (Olympic championships 1924 and 1928): To the approaching 100th anniversary of the independence of the state, they promised to build a wonder stadium "Centenario".

Opening of the first World Cup. Uruguay. 1930

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In the final, the team of Italy played with the Czechoslovakia national team. The match ended with a score of 2: 1. Italy became a champion!

1934 year. Italy

Italians sniff: for the first time they are world champions!

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1938. FRANCE

The team of Italy again won the champion title, beat Hungary national team with a score of 4: 2!

1950. BRAZIL

Uruguayans received the second time gold medals of world champions, won over the Brazilian national team (2: 1).

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1954 year. SWITZERLAND

The Hungarians who won the Olympic tournament who won the Olympic tournament were considered the championship gathered by 16 teams. In the decisive meeting, the national teams of Hungary and Germany fought. The FRG team won 3: 2.

1958. SWEDEN

The football world found out a new super command - the Brazilian national team. The opening of the tournament was the 17-year-old Pele. Brazil team won the tournament, beat Sweden with a score of 5: 2

The USSR national team gave way to the Swedes in their homeland.

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1962 year. CHILE

This tournament is called the most rude in history: more than 20 football players received the hardest injuries. The Brazil team celebrated the second victory in a row. She beat Czechoslovakia team with a score of 3: 1.

1966. GREAT BRITAIN

Lions Willy, the first mascot in the history of the world championships

At this championship for the first time in 1/2 finals, Soviet football players left, where they gave way to the FRG team with a score 1: 2. In the final, England team beat the FRG team - 4: 2.

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1970. MEXICO

Final match Brazil - Italy. Mexico. 1970

Won a team of Brazil, easily overcoming Italians in the final (4: 1). The "Golden Goddess" went to three-time world champions for eternal storage.

1974 year. FRG

The FRG team won in the final from the Netherlands with a score of 2: 1.

Poster World Cup in 1974

The national team of the Netherlands coped with Uruguayans. FRG. 1974

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1978 year. ARGENTINA

Again, the USSR team gave way to the selection (this time the Hungarians) and did not hit the World Cup. And at the championship with a score of 3: 1, the team of Argentina won and for the first time awarded the World Cup.

Opening of the World Cup in Argentina.

1982. SPAIN

Despite the defeat in the game with Brazilians, the team of the Soviet Union was published in the 1/4 finals. Alas, in the future our team lost to the Poles on 1/2 finals (on the difference of banned balls).

Germans Caught: The Italian national team at the 1982 World Championships turned out to be stronger

In the final, the Italian team won 3: 1 from the FRG team.

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1986. MEXICO

Universal attention at the championship took possession of Argentine Diego Maradona. The match with the team of England (2: 1) he won almost alone, twice hitting the goal of rivals. True, once - by hand, but Maradona performed his trick so deftly that the judge did not notice anything. In the final match, the Argentines defeated the Germans with a score of 3: 2.

Maradona among his fans. Mexico. 1986

1990. ITALY

In the final match Argentina - German Germans scored the only goal in the game - a 11-meter strike and became winners.

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1994. USA

At the US World Cup played the first match under the roof (although on the real grass). The Russian team led again. History repeated: our footballers have repeatedly suffered two defeats and once again defeated the Cameroon team in the last match (with a score of 6: 1). Two records were installed at once: Russian striker Oleg Salenko scored five goals (and as a result with six goals, like Bulgarian Hristo Stoichkov, was recognized as the best scorer of the tournament), and Cameroan Roger Milla distinguished himself in the 42nd age! In the next round, the Russian national team did not come out. In the final match, the teams of Italy and Brazil met. Brazilian team won with a score of 1: 0.

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1998. FRANCE

In the final, the French played with Brazilians. Total match 3: 0. The victory of the national team was celebrated millions of French.

2002. Japan - Korea

One of the two heads of Zinenina Zidana (in the center with the ball) in the final against Brazilians. France. 1998

In the match, prefabricated Brazil and Germany agreed in the first place. The victory won Brazilians (2: 0), which became new world champions.

Championship emblem 2002 g

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The second most important tournament in the football world for national teams is the European Championship. In 1958, the UEFA Congress decided to arrange the European Cup.

European Football Championship Cup

1960. FRANCE

The first European Cup is one of the most important international competitions in the history of domestic sports. He brought the USSR national team with a bright and unforgettable victory over the Yugoslavia national team (2: 1).

The USSR national team is the first owner of the European Cup. Circle of honor in Luzhniki. 1960

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1964. SPAIN

In the final, the USSR national team was waiting for the most dangerous competitor - the Spanish national team. Victory with a score of 2: 1 celebrated the owners of the field - for 6 minutes before the end of the match they scored a decisive goal.

The goal of the Spaniards did not help the USSR national team

1968. ITALY

European champion - Italy national team.

1972 year. BELGIUM

In the fourth championship of Europe, the USSR national team again, as eight years ago, ranked second. In the final, the FRG team won with a score of 3: 0.

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Number of football. Officially, the date of birth of domestic football is considered to be 1897, when the match of two local teams took place in St. Petersburg, information about which was recorded in sports printing. (But they became much earlier to play football in Russia: first of all, in the English "colonies"). In the same place, in St. Petersburg, in 1901, the city football league was formed - the first such organization in the country. Soon she spent the first championship of St. Petersburg, who won the "Necko" team ("Nevsky Club"). The first Russian judge was George Duperron, a lot of and for the development of football theory in our country. At the junction of centuries, football, in addition to two capitals, was cultivated in Kharkov, Tver, Odessa, Riga, Tbilisi, Kiev and some other cities of Russia. At the beginning of the last century, several women were created in Moscow (or, as they said, ladies' teams. Children's football developed. In 1907, the first official intercity match was held between the teams of Moscow and St. Petersburg. In the same year, Russian football players debuted in the international arena: the club "Sport" met with the team from Stockholm and lost 2: 3. In 1912, the All-Russian Football Union, which united more than 150 clubs from various cities and soon adopted in FIFA. In the same year, the first champion of the country was determined (they became the team of St. Petersburg) and the official debut of our footballers in international competitions took place. They took part in the Olympic Games, but both games lost. The Russian team led not to the lack of a coach, although there were a lot of gifted, famous players in its composition: the captain of the national team, a representative of the football dynasty Vasily Butusov, a man of amazing and mysterious fate, goalkeeper Peter Sokolov, Mikhail Romm, who later wrote not one football allowance, Vitaly Bianki and others

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History of football. Games similar to modern football, existed quite a long time from different nations, but the first recorded rules dated 1848. The date of birth of football is considered to be 1863, when the first football association was organized and the rules were drawn up similar to modern. The history of football began a long time ago. For example, both in Egypt, and in Germany, and in China were games similar to football. The most successful of them was called Garpastum and invented her Italians. But when modern football appeared, the garpastum was forgotten. When the British came up with football, they immediately began to popularize it in all countries, including Russia. At that time, many English teams participated in the championship. Football in Russia was first told in the book of one of the doctors "Games with the ball in the air."

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Football times of the USSR. In pre-war time. In 1920, the championship of the RSFSR was played first. The national team won. She in 1923 became the first winner of the USSR Championship. (Until the mid-30s in the championships, the country did not participate not clubs, and team cities and republics.) In the first half of the 20s, several international matches took place with the participation of our teams, although the official recognition of FIFA Soviet Union will receive only after World War II. In 1928, the Dynamo Stadium was opened in Moscow - the largest stadium of the country and the first sports facilities in the USSR, which meets international standards. (Up to discovery in the 1956 stadium. V.I. Lenin in the Moscow Luzhniki "Dynamo" remained a "football Mecca" of the country.) In the same 1928 there was another significant event: the All-Union College of Football Judges began its activities. In the late 1934, the Soviet Section of the USSR was formed (from 1959 - Football Federation of the USSR). And on May 22, 1936, the Match of the Leningrad Dynamo and the Metropolitan Lokomotiv started the first in the history of the USSR Championship among clubs: divided into spring and autumn. In less than two months, the first champion was known - Dynamo (Moscow). In August, the first owner of the Cup Cup was determined: Moscow Lokomotiv, in the final, replayed "Dynamo" (Tbilisi) 2: 0. The autumn championship won the Moscow Spartak. It is noteworthy that representatives of the champions teams were the best scorers of both championships: respectively, DynamoMets M. Ampatient (6 goals) and "Spartakovets" of the eyes of eyes (7). It is these two teams and divided the championship "gold" among themselves to war: both club won it three times. In the 20-30th in domestic football, not only individual players (Grigory Fedotov, Anatoly Akimov, Peter Dementev, Boris Payachadze, Mikhail Yakushin, etc.), but also whole family "clans" are such, for example, as brothers oldostine or Bucosovy.

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The country's championship began in April 1941 was not completed. The history of domestic football included games in a blockade Leningrad and freed from the fascists, completely destroyed Stalingrad. Already in 1942-1944, the city's city championship was held. In 1944, a draw of the next Cup of the USSR, the owners of which were the football players of the Leningrad "Zenith". In May 1945, the first post-war championship of the country was started, the victory in which the Moscow Dynamo celebrated. The trend outlined before the war was continued in the post-war time. Until the 60s, the title of the country champion was consistently delivered to the capital clubs. In con. 40 - Nach. The 50th powerful victorious series was issued by the "Lieutenant team" - CDC (CDS, now CSKA). Then, "Dynamo" and "Spartakovtsy" alternately went to first place. But after the champion's success of the Moscow Torpedo "Dynamo" Kiev - in 1961 - first violated the metropolitan hegemony. In total, Kievanians won gold medals of the USSR champions 13 times, bypassing their Moscow teammates and their countrymen "Spartakov" (which, respectively, 11 and 12 championship titles). In different years, the "Dynamo" of Minsk and Tbilisi, Yerevan "Ararat" and Voroshilovgradskaya "Zarya", Zenit (Leningrad) and Dnipro (Dnepropetrovsk) also became champions of the country. The number of teams participating in the highest league of the USSR Championship (as well as its very name and formula of the championship draw) several times changed. In the early 60th final stage of the championship preceded preliminary group tournaments. In 1976, for one season, spring and autumn championship were played. In the order of the command of the team in the event of a none outcome of the match made a series of post-match penalties. In 1978, the limit of draws, who acted ten seasons was introduced. Several times to determine the champion had to hold the "Golden Match". Traditionally, the struggle for the Cup of the country was traditionally acute and uncompromising. More than others (10 times) they owned the Moscow Spartakovtsy. The last champion of the USSR football was in 1991 - CSKA, at the same time won the Country Cup and made it, thus the last in the history of the Soviet football "Dubl". Post-war football opened a lot of new star names: A. Homich, K.Beskov, V.Nikolaev, V.Bobrov, I. Nto, N. Simonyan, L. Yashin, E.streltsov, V.Ivanov, V.Pona, S. Mezhereva, A.Shesternev, M. Khurcylava, E. Malofeev, E. Volchev, E. Rudakov, O. Blokhin, D.Kipiani, R.Dasayev, A. Dianenko, A. Zavarov, H. Cohanes, V. Eididulin, F. Hrenkov and MN. Dr. The successes of our football clubs and the USSR national team are largely related to the activities of outstanding coaches, among which there were a lot of former players: N. Simonyan, K. Keskov, V. Blobanovsky and others. The success of our football clubs and the USSR national team are largely related to the activities of outstanding coaches , among which there were a lot of former players: N. Simonyan, K. Keskov, Vlobanovsky and others.

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In the autumn of 1945, a triumphant tour of the Moscow Dynamo on the UK was held: 2 victories and 2 draws in four matches. At British specialists and viewers, a considerable impression was made not only the result, but also the game itself: assertive, powerful, inventive and efficient (19 goals). Successful CAG in Yugoslavia was successful in December 1945. And in the fall of 1947, Moscow Dynamovtsy held a victorious tour of Scandinavia - after the entry of the USSR football section in FIFA (in 1954, the USSR joined UEFA). In 1952, the USSR national team debuted at the Olympic Games. In a dramatic match with the national team of Yugoslavia, the Soviet team, losing 1: 5, managed to reduce the game in a draw 5: 5. There was no left for replaying forces from our footballers, and they gave way with a score of 1: 3. Triumphal became for the Soviet team of the Olympiad in Melbourne-56. After winning in the final of 1: 0 from the team of Yugoslavia, our footballers first took the first place in the official international tournament. And in total in the asset of the USSR national team, two Olympic "Gold" and three "bronze". Our team has achieved consumed success and at the European Championships: one "gold" and three "silver". Higher achievement of Soviet football players in world championships - 4th place at the CM-66 g in England. The latest progress of the USSR national team belongs to the end of the 80s: Olympic "gold" on Games-88 and - in the same year - second place on Che. In 1965, Moscow "Dynamo" - the first of the Soviet teams - took part in European -ugal competitions (drawing cup holders of the Cups). And in the spring of 1972 - also for the first time in the history of our football - "Dynamo" reached the final (the same Cup Cup), but gave way to "Glasgow Rangers" 2: 3. The POWN "Dynamo" supported their teammates from Kiev and Tbilisi, who also distinguished in the Cup Cup. Kievans in 1975 beat in the Ferrenzvaros Finale (Budapest, Hungary) 3: 0, and Tbilisites in 1981 - Karl Tseys (Yen, GDR) 2: 1. In 1986, Kiev "Dynamo" repeated his success, scoring three unrequited balls in the Gate "Atletico" (Madrid, Spain) in the decisive match. Another achievement of Kievans - Europe Super Cup (1975). Three times, Soviet football players were awarded "Golden Ball" (the prize of the best player of Europe is awarded according to the results of a survey conducted by the weekly "France-Football"): Lion Yashina (1963), Oleg Blokhin (1975) and Igor Belanow (1986). In the autumn of 1945, a triumphant tour of the Moscow Dynamo on the UK was held: 2 victories and 2 draws in four matches. At British specialists and viewers, a considerable impression was made not only the result, but also the game itself: assertive, powerful, inventive and efficient (19 goals). Successful CAG in Yugoslavia was successful in December 1945. And in the fall of 1947, Moscow Dynamovtsy held a victorious tour of Scandinavia - after the entry of the USSR football section in FIFA (in 1954, the USSR joined UEFA). In 1952, the USSR national team debuted at the Olympic Games. In a dramatic match with the national team of Yugoslavia, the Soviet team, losing 1: 5, managed to reduce the game in a draw 5: 5. There was no left for replaying forces from our footballers, and they gave way with a score of 1: 3. Triumphal became for the Soviet team of the Olympiad in Melbourne-56. After winning in the final of 1: 0 from the team of Yugoslavia, our footballers first took the first place in the official international tournament. And in total in the asset of the USSR national team, two Olympic "Gold" and three "bronze". Our team has achieved consumed success and at the European Championships: one "gold" and three "silver". Higher achievement of Soviet football players in world championships - 4th place at the CM-66 g in England. The latest progress of the USSR national team belongs to the end of the 80s: Olympic "gold" on Games-88 and - in the same year - second place on Che. In 1965, Moscow "Dynamo" - the first of the Soviet teams - took part in European -ugal competitions (drawing cup holders of the Cups). And in the spring of 1972 - also for the first time in the history of our football - "Dynamo" reached the final (the same Cup Cup), but gave way to "Glasgow Rangers" 2: 3. The POWN "Dynamo" supported their teammates from Kiev and Tbilisi, who also distinguished in the Cup Cup. Kievans in 1975 beat in the Ferrenzvaros Finale (Budapest, Hungary) 3: 0, and Tbilisites in 1981 - Karl Tseys (Yen, GDR) 2: 1. In 1986, Kiev "Dynamo" repeated his success, scoring three unrequited balls in the Gate "Atletico" (Madrid, Spain) in the decisive match. Another achievement of Kievans - Europe Super Cup (1975). Three times, Soviet football players were awarded "Golden Ball" (the prize of the best player of Europe is awarded according to the results of a survey conducted by the weekly "France-Football"): Lion Yashina (1963), Oleg Blokhin (1975) and Igor Belanow (1986).

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Modern stage. In February 1992, the Russian Football Union was founded (RFS, President - V.I. Koloskov), who became the successor of the Football Federation of the USSR and the CIS. The RFU is also a professional football league (PFL), which is headed by N.A. Tolsty. In the spring of 1992, the first championship of Russia started, which won the Moscow Spartak. The first owners of the Cup of Russia became the metropolitan "Torpedovtsy", in the final of the winning CSKA in the series of postmatch penalties. In the following years, Spartak has repeatedly confirmed its championship authority, in the period from 1992 to 2002 won 9 of 11 titles. In 1995, Spartak - Alania (Vladikavkaz) became the champion, and in 2002 - Lokomotiv (Moscow), in the "Golden Match", reheighted CSKA. The list of owners of the Russian Cup is more diverse, but it contains mostly Moscow clubs. In addition to Torpedo, in different years the Cup won: "Lokomotiv" (four times), "Spartak" (twice), "Dynamo" and CSKA. Only once - in 1999 - the Nemoskovsky club, namely "Zenit" (St. Petersburg), managed to conquer the honorary trophy. In the spring of 2003, the champion of the country and the winner of the Cup of Russia for the first time played in the match between the Super Cup. Its owner became Lokomotiv (Moscow). Maximum, which was able to achieve today to Russian clubs in European -ugal competitions, - to reach the semi-final (twice this was managed to make "Spartak" and "Lokomotiv"). Unsuccessful turned out to be the last decade and for the Russian national team. Inexpressive game in the world championship-94 and Euro-96. World Championship-98 and the European Championship-2000, as the last two Olympic Football Tournament, have passed and at all without our participation. In the final part of the world championship 2002, the Russian national team fell, but he made a weak and dropped out of the struggle already at the group stage. Many leaders of the Russian football of the 90s began their sports career as early as Soviet times: I. Tsymbalir, S. Cherchesov, I. Chugaynov, I. Dobrovolsky, etc. At the same time, last decade has opened a lot of new names: A. Tyhonov, and Titov, A.Smertein, A.Panov, S. Semak, D.Vkov, R.Gusev, M.Ismaylov, D. Dzychev, etc. Age of a new football time: Many Russians are now advocated for foreign teams. And more and more legionnaires appear in our clubs, including leading players of some national teams - such as Czech I.Yaroshek. In recent years, attempts have been made to revive mass children's football, school and courtyard competitions are held.

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Football rules. A separate football game is called a match, which in turn consists of two twins in 45 minutes. The pause between the first and second twises is 15 minutes, during which the teams are resting, and at its end they are changing the gate. Football play on the field with herbal or synthetic coating. The game involves two teams: each from 7 to 11 people. One person in the team (goalkeeper) can play hands in a penalty area at his gate, its main task is to protect the gate. The remaining players also have their own tasks and positions on the field. Defenders are located mainly on their half of the field, their task is to counteract the attacking players of the opposite team. Midfielders operate in the middle of the field, their role is to help defenders or attackers depending on the gaming situation. The attackers are located, mainly at half the opponent field, the main task is to score goals. The goal of the game is to score the ball into the opponent's gate, make it as much time as possible and try to prevent goal to your gate. The match wins the team that scored a greater number of heads. In case, for two time, the team scored the same number of heads, then or a draw, or the winner is detected according to the Match Regulations established. In this case, an extra time can be appointed - two more half for 15 minutes each. As a rule, between the main and extra time match, the teams are provided with a break. There are only time to change the parties between additional hauling teams. At one time in football, a rule was existed for which the winner was announced by the team, the first scoring goal (the Golden Goal rule) or winning any of the additional twisters (the rule "silver goal"). At the moment, extra time is either not played at all, or is played in full (2 half for 15 minutes). If within an additional time of the winner, it is not possible to identify, a series of post-match penalties are held, which are not part of the match: on the opponent's goal from a distance of 11 meters there are five blows from different players. If the number of scored penalty from both commands will be equal, then they make one pair of penalty until the winner is revealed.

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Gus Hiddink was born on November 8, 1946 in the Dutch city of Vish and at 21 began a professional career of a football player (performed at the midfielder's position) at the club De Graafschap, the team of Holland 1 Division as reported by RIA Novosti, Hidding in 1976 went to the USA, where he was playing for Jose Earthquakes Clubs. Returned to Holland in 1977 and three next seasons spent in Nijmegen. Complete Washington Diplomats and San Lore player in 1981 in De Graafschap. From the next season he began working as a coach in the same club. Gus Hiddink was born on November 8, 1946 in the Dutch city of Vish and at 21 began a professional career of a football player (performed at the midfielder's position) at the club De Graafschap, the team of Holland 1 Division as reported by RIA Novosti, Hidding in 1976 went to the USA, where he was playing for Jose Earthquakes Clubs. Returned to Holland in 1977 and three next seasons spent in Nijmegen. Complete Washington Diplomats and San Lore player in 1981 in De Graafschap. From the next season he began working as a coach in the same club. In 1984, he was appointed assistant coach at PSV, and two seasons later became the head coach of the club. In 1986-1990, under his leadership, PSV four times in a row became the champion of Holland and three times - the owner of the Cup of the country. Moreover, in 1988, PSV became also the winner of the European Champions Cup. In 1990 he headed the Turkish FENERBAHCE, and in 1991 - Spanish Valencia, who trained two more than a season. In 1995, he was appointed head coach of the Netherlands national team, which was brought to the 1/4 final of the 1996 European Championship, and then in the 1/2 final of the 1998 World Championship. In 1998, he began to train Madrid Real, from where in February 1999 was dismissed for unsatisfactory results in the Spanish Championship and critical statements about the financial condition of the Club. The next season trained Betis. In January 2001, he became the head coach of the South Korea national team, which was brought to 1/2 finals of the World Championship - this is the best achievement of the Asian team in the history of football. In 2002, he returned to the PSV, with which in 2005 made the Golden Dubl in Holland, and also reached the 1/2 finals of the Champions League. In July 2005, part-time began working with the Australia national team, which in November for the first time in the last 32 years reached the final of the World Championship, winning the team of Uruguay in the butt match. In April 2006, PSV provided his 19th in the history of the country title club. Twice (in 2002 and 2006), Huss was called the best coach of Holland. In April 2006, Hiddink signed a four-year contract with the Russian national team. The term of its action will expire after the world championship of 2010. He will start after the June World Championships. Dutchman became the first foreigner in the history of domestic football, which is entrusted to lead the national team. On February 27, 2007, the court of Dutch city Den Bosé sentenced Guus Hiddink to a fine of 45 thousand euros and six months in prison under a trial period of two years. The authorities accuse him of tax evasion about 1.4 million euros. This happened due to the fact that in 2002-03, Hiddink marked for the tax authorities of the Netherlands the place of their residence of neighboring Belgium, while remaining in his homeland. The income tax rates in Belgium and the Netherlands differ significantly - 33% and 52%, respectively. Published on the materials of RIA Novosti.

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Achievements. 1986/87 - Champion of Holland with PSV Eindhoven. 1987/88 - Winner [[Champions League Champions League [[with PSV. 1987/88 - Champion of Holland with PSV. 1987/88 - Holland Cup winner with PSV. 1988/89 - Champion of Holland with PSV. 1988/89 - Winner of the Champions League with PSV. 1988/89 - Holland Cup winner with PSV. 1989/90 - Holland Cup winner with PSV. 1998 - the owner of the Intercontinental Cup with Real Madrid. 1998 - [[World Cup | World Championship [[: fourth place with the national team of Holland. 2002 - World Cup: fourth place with national team of South Korea. 2002/03 - Champion of Holland with PSV. 2004/05 - Champion of Holland with PSV. 2004/05 - Holland Cup winner with PSV. 2005/06 - Champion of Holland with PSV. 2006 - World Cup: 1/8 finals with Australia national team. Career Football Career: 1967-1970 "De Gaftshap" (Holland) 1970-1971 PSV Eindhoven (Holland) 1972-1977 "De Gauffsap" (Holland) 1977-1978 Nek, Nymegen (Holland) 1978 "[[Washington Diplomat" [[" (USA) 1978-1980 Nek, Nijmegen (Holland) 1980 "San Jose Erskaiks" (USA) Coach Career: 1981-1983 "De Gauffsap" (Holland), Assistant Chief Traineer 1983-1987 PSV Eindhoven (Holland), Assistant Chief Coach 1987-1990 PSV, Eindhoven (Holland), head coach 1990-1991 "Fenerbahce", Istanbul (Turkey), head coach 1991-1994 "Valencia" (Spain), head coach 1995-1998 National national team of Holland, head coach 1998- 1999 "Real", Madrid (Spain), Chief Trainer February-May 2000 "Betis", Sevilla (Spain), head coach 2001-2002 National team of South Korea, head coach 2002-2006 PSV, Eindhoven (Holland), head coach 2005 -2006 National team of Australia, head coach from April 14, 2006 - the head coach of the Russian national team.

11 Slide

The composition of the Russian national team. Akinfeev Igor 08.04.1986 Goalkeeper CSKA Moscow Gabulov Vladimir 19.10.1983 Goalkeeper "Dynamo" Moscow Malafeev Vyacheslav 03/04/1979 Goalkeeper "Zenit" St. Petersburg Anyukov Alexander 28.09.1982 Defender Zenit St. Petersburg Berezutsky Alexey 20.06.1982 Defender CSKA Moscow Berezutsky Vasily 20.06.1982 Defender CSKA Moscow Ignashevich Sergey 07/14/1979 Defender CSKA Moscow Kolodin Denis 11.01.1982 Defender "Dynamo" Moscow Yanbaev Renat 07.04.1984 Defender "Lokomotiv" Moscow Aldonin Evgeny 22.01.1980 CSKA midfielder Moscow Bilyaletdinov Diystyar 27.02.1985 midfielder "Everton" England Bystrov Vladimir 01/31/1984 Midfielder Zenit St. Petersburg Denisov Igor 17.05.1984 Zenit midfielder St. Petersburg Dzagoev Alan 17.06.1990 CSKA midfielder Moscow Zhirkov Yuri 20.08.1983 Chelsea midfielder England Zyryanov Konstantin 04.10. 1977 Midfielder "Zenit" St. Petersburg Rebe Alexey 04/23/1986 Midfielder of FC "Moscow" Saenko Ivan 17.10.1983 Midfielder "Spartak" Moscow Semak Sergey 27.02.1976 midfielder "Rubin" Kazan Semshov Igor 04/06/1978 Midfielder "Zenit" St. Petersburg Arshavin Andrei 29.05.1981 Arsenal striker England Bukharov Aleksandr 12.03.1985 Rubin striker Kazan Kerzhakov Alexander 27.11.1982 Dynamo striker Moscow Pavlyuchenko Roman 15.12. 1981 Tottenham striker England Pogrebnyak Paul 08.11.1983 Stuttgart striker Germany

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Football fields. Sizes of soccer fields. Length: at least 90 m (100 yards), maximum 120 m (130 yards) Width: minimum 45 m (50 yards), maximum 90 m (100 yards) field sizes during international matches: Length: at least 100 m (110 yards) Maximum 110 m (120 yards) Width: at least 64 m (70 yards), maximum 75 m (80 yards) Recommended values: Length - 105 meters Width - 68 meters Marking Marking fields made by lines of no more than 12 cm (5 inches) ; These lines come in the square they limit. All lines must be the same width. Two long lines that limit the game field are called side lines; Two short lines - gate lines. The field of the field field is divided into two halves with the middle line connecting the middle of the side lines. In the middle of the middle line, the center of the field is made around which the circle is carried out with a radius of 9.15 m (10 yards). From the center of the field at the beginning of each of the batches of the main and extra time, as well as after each goal scored, the initial strike is performed. In the execution of the initial strike, all players must be on their half of the field, and the rivals performing the strike of the team - and outside the central circle. The area of \u200b\u200bthe gate at each half of the field is placed the area of \u200b\u200bthe gate - the zone, from the limits of which the shot is performed from the gate, and within which the goalkeeper cannot push (including right), except when it stands on Earth and owns the ball or blocks the ball. From points at a distance of 5.5 m (6 yards) from the inside of each rack of the gate, at right angles to the gate line, two lines are deployed. At a distance of 5.5 m (6 yards), these lines are connected by another line parallel to the gate line. Thus, the size of the gate area is 18.32 m (20 yards) by 5.5 m (6 yards).

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Penal area Penalty area On each half of the field, a penalty area is placed - a zone in which the goalkeeper can play hands, and a 11-meter strike will be assigned a violation in its penalty area, a 11-meter strike will be appointed. From the points at a distance of 16.5 m (18 yards) from the inside of each gate rack, at right angles to the gate line, two lines are deployed. At a distance of 16.5 m (18 yards), these lines are connected to another line parallel to the gate line. The size of the penalty area is thus 40.32 m (44 yards) by 16.5 m (18 yards). Within the penalty area, the center of the gate line and at a distance of 11 m (12 yards) from it, an eleven meter is applied. Outside the penalty area, an arc of a circle is conducted by a radius of 9.15 m (10 yards), the center of which is located at the eleven meter. This arc is used to locate team players when the odenthimeth meter strike is breaking. The angular sectors in each of the four corners of the field are carried out an arc with a radius of 1 m (or 1 yard) with a center in the corner of the field, which limits the sector for the execution of angular shocks. At a distance of 9.15 m (10 yards) from the boundaries of the corner sectors, the side lines and lines of the gate can be applied marks (from the outer side of the lines adjacent to them at right angles) used to determine the distance on which players are located in the performance of the corner . Flagpoles in the corners of the field must be installed flags on flagpoles with a height of at least 1.5 meters (5 feet) that do not have on top of the strokes. Also, flagpoles can be installed at a distance of at least one meter from the intersection of the middle and side line (in practice it is used extremely rarely). Gate gates must be located in the center of each of the lines of the gate. They consist of two vertical racks that are equal to the distance from the corner flagpoles and the above horizontal crossbar. The gate must be reliably fixed on Earth; The use of portable gates is permissible only in case of compliance with this requirement. The distance between the racks is 7.32 m (8 yards), and the distance from the lower contour of the crossbar to the surface of the Earth - 2.44 m (8 feet). The width and height of the cross section of both racks and crossbars are the same and do not exceed 12 cm (5 inches). The width of the gate line is equal to the width of the racks and crossbars. The nets can be attached to the gates and the soil, which should be securely secured and are located so as not to interfere with the goalkeeper. Racks and crossbind of the gate should be made of wood, metal or other material resolved by the corresponding standard, have in cross section the shape of a rectangle, an ellipse, square or a circle and be white.

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Technical zone Technical zone When conducting matches in stadiums, where there are specially reserved places to accommodate technical personnel and spare players, in the immediate vicinity of the field, the technical zone is indicated, the boundaries of which are 1 meter on both sides of the area reserved for the bench, and forward 100 meters away from the side line. To refer to the boundaries of this zone, it is recommended to use marking. Football field design Football field of world-class - complex multilayer structure. The football field consists (from top to bottom) from such parts: herbal lawn; Sand and crushed stone substrate; Heating pipes; Drainage pipes. Herbal coating Herbal coating is required to water and fertilize, as well as sowing "propellars." The grass does not allow to carry out a lot of games: so that it is not pulled out, the number of matches on natural grass should not exceed two per week. At modern stadiums, the grass is not grown, but bring on the rolls of Rolls. Synthetic coating Main article: Artificial grass Synthetic coating is a "carpet" of synthetic material from which the "blasting" sticks out. Each blade is not just a strip of plastic, but a product of a complex form with ribs of rigidity. To ensure elasticity, the artificial lawn falls asleep with sand, and on top of the rubber crumb. Synthetic coating is needed only two types of care: after a certain number of games, the coating is replaced with a new one; After each match, a special machine, similar to a large vacuum cleaner, sand and rubber removed, separated and stacked again. Mixed coating Mixed coating is a row, in which the special machine is sewn synthetic blades. Such a coating is very expensive, but practically no different from herbal, and withstands much more matches. Care is also limited to watering, fertilizer and a timely replacement of "propelin". The first Russian stadium, on which such a coating was applied - "Lokomotiv" Moscow. All world championships are held on herbal coating (and on mixed, as it equates to herbal).

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Soccer ball. History At the initial stage of the development of football, the ball was made from the urinary bubbles of animals, which quickly came into disrepair, if they applied quite strong blows. The technology of production of the ball qualitatively changed with the opening of Houdier Charles in 1838 of the vulcanized rubber. In 1855 introduced the first ball made of rubber. The use of rubber allowed to strengthen the quality of the ball rebound and its strength. Seven years later, in 1862, another inventor Richard Lindon created the first inflatable rubber chamber for the ball [later he developed a pump for the camera, and at the exhibition in London his invention won the medal. Thanks to the opening of the rubber and the invention of the inflatable camera, the necessary technical conditions for the industrial production of football balls were created. In 1863, the Football Association of England was founded, which for the first time cleared the football rules, but at that time they did not mention the football ball. In 1872, the standard size and mass of the ball was officially established. Prior to that, the size and mass of the soccer ball was determined by the mutual consent of the stakeholders. In accordance with the new rules, the soccer ball must have a round shape with a volume of 68.6 to 71.7 cm. The ball mass could range from 368 to 425 grams. In 1937, the ball mass was increased to 410-450 grams and from the moment this rule remains unchanged today. In 1888, the Football League of England was founded. Thanks to its orders, for the first time, serial production of football balls by companies Mitre and Tomlinson (Thomlinson) began. At the beginning of the XX century, their quality has improved significantly, due to the durable rubber the camera could withstand a large pressure. The ball consisted of an inner chamber and tires. The tire was made of genuine leather and consisted of 18 panels, each of which was stacked using a lacing. In the early 1960s, a fully synthetic soccer ball was made. Genuine leather still found use in production, but at the end of the synthetic materials completely replaced it.

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Design. The soccer ball consists of three main components: Tires, lining and cameras. Tire Tire is made mainly of synthetics, rather than genuine leather, as at the initial stage of production, since the skin has absorbent characteristics and the ball is gaining weight. Modern synthetic materials have an advantage over genuine leather for a number of characteristics, so the skin is already practically not applied. As a rule, PU material is used (polyurethane) or PVC (polyvinyl chloride). Most of the modern balls consist of 32 waterproof panels, 12 of them have a pentagonal shape, 20 are hexagonal. The football ball panels are stitched by manual or machine, or glue. The design of these 32 polygons is called a truncated ikosahedron - not the closest geometric figure to the ball, it is simply a technologically optimal number of seams between pieces, and the spherical shape is given the ball due to the pressure of air loaded inside. The first such ball was produced in Denmark in 1950 by SELECT and received widespread in Europe. Worldwide was consumed after the 1970 World Championship, which had such balls produced by Adidas. Prior to that, the ball consisted of 18 oblong parts and lacing, on a device similar to modern volleyball balls. This design is sufficiently distributed and so far. In 2004, Adidas introduced Roteiro for the first time - the official ball of European Football Championship 2004. Roteiro panels were bonded with a fundamentally new method - thermal connection technology. Final of the 2006 World Cup in Germany was played by the Teamgeist ball. For the first time since 1970, Adidas retreated from the traditional 32 panel tire configuration and presented 14 panel balls. The ball panels were fastened by the thermal connection method. The official ball of the World Cup in South Africa in 2010 was Adidas Jabulani. The structure of the soccer ball consists of 8 panels, also fastened with each other thermal method. The lining the inner layer between the tire and the camera takes the lining. The quality of the soccer ball directly depends on the thickness of the lining. It affects the quality of the ball rebound and helps to preserve its shape. Polyester or compressed cotton is material. Modern professional soccer ball consists of four and more layers of lining. The camera is made of synthetic butyl or natural latex, sometimes of polyurethane. The latex chamber retains air less than a long time than butyl. But the latex chamber, has an advantage compared to cameras made of butyl or polyurethane by three main parameters: softness, rebound and elasticity. Interesting fact - as more recognizable, the wording with the mention of the form of a soccer ball applies to the description of the atomic lattice of the simplest of fullerenes

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Football goal. The gate in football - installed along the front lines on both sides of the field. The height of the gate of 2.45 meters (8 feet), width - 7.33 (8 yards). Baby goal to the gate is the only way to earn points. Each goal brings one point. The division of the gate on the gate zone is conventionally divided by nine squares: three rows of three squares. Each square is assigned the number from 1 to 9. The score begins from the bottom row, so that the fourth one is located above the first square, and so on. Dividing the gates to the squares is done in training purposes: usually the coach gives field players to the task to beat Goal, trying to get the ball into a precisely defined zone (for example, "five" is the very center of the gate, "one", "Troika", "Semyon" and "Nine" - the angles of the gate). "Nine" is the right or left top corner of the football gate. In all other situations, the central zones are not numbered at all (the football commentators usually use the expressions "break through the bottom or riding in the center of the gate, pierced under the crossbar"), and the side zones are made to give the names "Troika", "Sixters" and "Nine" and This immediately clarify, about the right or left side of the gate is speech. It should be borne in mind that in the conversational language, the expression "get into the" nine "is used only if the ball got exactly" under the crosstin ", that is near the place of intersection of the rod and crossbar.

Story the emergence of football

Football is the most popular team game in the world, where you need to fight for a small number of points. Many still consider birthday football England, but it is not entirely true. In fact, the story of the "foot ball" has a lot of centuries and touched a lot of countries.

The most ancient source is the chronicles of the Han dynasty, which in ancient China. They have more than 2000 years. The game with kicking the ball Tsu Chu appeared in ancient China already by 250 before the Nativity of Christ.

Chinese women play football

"TSU" means "beat on the ball with my feet", and "Chu" - can be translated as a "leather born ball". According to the records, this game was usually played by marking the birthday of the emperor.

Golting in Tsu-Chu was considered to enter the net through a small hole. The network was fixed by the vertically-standing bamboo cane. Given the fact that the hole was about 30 - 40 centimeters with a diameter and was at an altitude of 9 meters above the ground, a certain skill was required for the game.

Brand depicting tsú-chú. Released in the United Arab Emirates, there are visible gates from silk with a hole in the center. Ancient football Chinese women play football Football in Japan Japan - a similar game in the ball here played about 1400 years ago. According to historical data, between 300 and 600 from the Nativity of Christ, the Japanese invented the game called Keeri. It was played up to 8 people. The ball with a diameter of about 25 cm was covered with soft skin and packed with sawdust. The player was supposed to prevent touching the ball with the ball, humbling and juggling them with his legs. The box for playing Keeri was called Kickutsubo. According to tradition, Kickutsubo was a rectangular shape with young trees planted in each of the corners of the field. The classic version was characterized by using four different types of trees: cherries, maple, willow and pines. The Japanese had even a special slang for Keamari. With the introduction of the ball, the player shouted "Aryaaaa!" (Let's go!), And during the passage partner - "Ari!" (Here!). Football in Central America in Central America Playgrounds Games with Ball Pok-a-current date back to 1600 years BC The playground on Paso De La Amada was maintained in Mexico and smasted for 150 years. It was an 80-meter smooth narrow field, discouraged by towering open tribunes. The playing field was the shape of the letter "I" into two inclined walls under the right corners, three round plates were installed, called "markers" (only one stone ring remained). A shock was considered a blow to the marker or a broken ball through the ring. Markers and rings were on The height of several yards above the ground (up to 9 meters). Players could touch the elbows, knees or hips only to a small rubber ball (10-15 cm in diameter). The goal was such a huge achievement that after him the game often immediately ended. Football IN NORTH AMERICA

The players dressed all sorts of decorations and applied combat coloring, so revenge the offender after the game it was almost impossible. The usual business was considered to transfer the end of the match for another day and lush festivals on its completion.

Weakly known ascaktuk - a game in which the Eskims played, and was a pineage of a heavy ball filled with grass, cariba's fur [view of Canadian deer] and moss. According to legend, two villages once played ascacktuk with a gate, the distance between which was 10 miles.

Football in ancient Greece in ancient Greece The ball game was popular in various manifestations of at least 4 in. BC e. According to legends, the first ball gave Eros the Goddess of Aphrodite, saying such words: "I will give you a wonderful toy: this is a ball quickly flying, other better fun you will not add from the hands of Hepesta." Depending on the ritual, the ball could symbolize the sun, and the moon, and the earth, and even the polar shine. Among the soldiers, Sparta was popular for the ball "Episkiros", in which they played with their hands and legs. They played mostly men, but women, if desired, could also practic. Football In ancient Egypt, a linseed ball, found in the Egyptian tomb, is depicted in the picture. For better rebound, the balls also included Ketgut wound on the sphere, after which they turned into the skin or suede. Very little is known about Egyptian balls. Historians believe that during the "fertility rites" in ancient Egypt, on the fields beat their feet wrapped in bright cloth balls with seeds.

Medieval football

With the collapse of the Roman Empire, this game remained under other names in France ("Pa Soot"), in Italy (Calchio) and many other states formed in her place.

Game in the ball of Kacho (Florence) appeared in Italy in about the 16th century. Piazza della the novere in Florence is considered to be the cradle of this fascinating sport. Over time, the game began to be called "Giuoco del Calcio Fiorentino" (Florentine feet) or simply - Kacho. The first official rules of Kacho were published by Giovanni Bardi in 1580. Similar to the Roman Garpastum, played with hands and legs two teams of 27 people. Goals were counted after throwing the ball through the point marked on the perimeter.

Football in England when in 17 century. Supporters of the executed English king of Charles I fled to Italy, they met there with this game, and after the eight of the throne of 1660 Charles II brought it to England, where she became the game of courtiers. The most popular and brutal English version of the game in the ball was called "Football Crowd" and was held between the teams of different villages in the days of the celebrations and holidays. In 1565, football was openly played on the streets of England. Medieval football in England wore an extremely commercial and rude character, and the game itself was a wild dump on the streets. The degree of madness characterizes the fact that during matches living nearby people smash their homes windows. Both "teams" tried to drive the ball to the central square of the enemy village or played against other areas of their city, gathering on a market or main square.

In the cities of England played on market squares and even on narrow curves streets. The number of players reached a hundred and more people. They played from the middle of the day and before sunset. There were almost no restrictions. It was possible to beat their hands and legs, you could have enough player who owns the ball, knocking him down. As soon as the player mastered the ball, he immediately rushed a cheerful crowd of playing. In the excitement of landfills and hand-to-hand with a crash, trading tents collapsed, bazaar stalls were broadcast. Full horrors, cuddled to the walls of houses Solid citizens, monks and even knights. In the villages, even the rivers did not serve as a barrier. It happened that some players were drowning when crossing, but this sometimes did not even notice. English writer Longwood wrote about football players that they have "cheeks in bruises, legs, arms and backs of overgrowths, embossed eyes, noses, full blood." Very soon against football, churchings, feudalles, merchants - they all demanded to ban football. This folk game seemed too restless and dangerous. In 1389, Richard II banned football within the whole kingdom. Punishments were installed the most severe, right up to ... the death penalty!

Despite the prohibitions, the people continued to play football.

Football in Russia in Russia, too, has long existed games with a ball resembling football. One of these games was called "Chaliga": players were sought to drive the ball into the enemy's territory. They played in the laps on the ice of the rivers or on the market squares with a leather ball stuffed with feathers. The Russian people went to the ball in the ball more than in the church, so the clergymen were primarily called for the eradication of the people's games. The head of the Starovarov-Raskolnikov Protopop Avvakum, which violently urged ... to burn out the participants of the games! However, perennial attempts by kings and kings stop this "dangerous" the game was failed. Football was stronger than the prohibitions, lived safely and developed, acquired a modern form and became an Olympic sport.

"Football Story" work performed a student of grade 11 Casimov Olesya checked: Casimova Olga Petrovna 2012

Football (from English Foot - leg, ball - ball) - team sport, in which the goal is to score the ball into the rival goal with legs or other parts of the body (except for hands) more than once than the opponent team. Currently the most popular and mass sport in the world

Game names Complete English name (eng. Association Football) was invented to distinguish this game from other varieties of a "foot ball", especially rugby (English Rugby Football). In the 1880s, the abbreviated name "Socker" appeared (Eng. Soccer), which today was widely distributed in a number of English-speaking countries (excluding England, where the fans consider it dismissive).

The history of football games, similar to modern football, existed quite a long time from different nations, but the first recorded rules dated 1848. The date of birth of football is considered to be 1863, when the first football association was organized and the rules were drawn up similar to modern. The history of football began a long time ago. For example, both in Egypt, and in Germany, and in China were games similar to football. The most successful of them was called Garpastum and invented her Italians. But when modern football appeared, the garpastum was forgotten. When the British came up with football, they immediately began to popularize it in all countries, including Russia. At that time, many English teams participated in the championship. Football in Russia was first told in the book of one of the doctors "Games with the ball in the air."

Rules of the game A separate football game is called the match, which in turn consists of two twins in 45 minutes. The pause between the first and second twises is 15 minutes, during which the teams are resting, and at its end they are changing the gate.

Football play on the field with herbal or synthetic coating. The game involves two teams: each from 7 to 11 people. One person in the team (goalkeeper) can play hands in a penalty area at his gate, its main task is to protect the gate. The remaining players also have their own tasks and positions on the field. Defenders are located mainly on their half of the field, their task is to counteract the attacking players of the opposite team. Midfielders operate in the middle of the field, their role is to help defenders or attackers depending on the gaming situation. The attackers are located, mainly at half the opponent field, the main task is to score goals.

The goal of the game is to score the ball into the opponent's gate, make it as much time as possible and try to prevent goal to your gate. The match wins the team that scored a greater number of heads.

In case, for two time, the team scored the same number of heads, then or a draw, or the winner is detected according to the Match Regulations established. In this case, an extra time can be appointed - two more half for 15 minutes each. As a rule, between the main and extra time match, the teams are provided with a break. There are only time to change the parties between additional hauling teams. At one time in football, a rule was existed for which the winner was announced by the team, the first scoring goal (the Golden Goal rule) or winning any of the additional twisters (the rule "silver goal").

At the moment, extra time is either not played at all, or is played in full (2 half for 15 minutes). If within an additional time of the winner, it is not possible to identify, a series of post-match penalties are held, which are not part of the match: on the opponent's goal from a distance of 11 meters there are five blows from different players. If the number of scored penalty from both commands will be equal, then they make one pair of penalty until the winner is revealed.

Competitions of football competitions, as in any other sport - an important component of the game. The competition is organized by the Federation, for each tournament, a regulation is drawn up, in which the composition of the participants, the tournament scheme, the rules for determining the winner with the equality of points and some deviations from the rules, for example, the amount of replacements are determined. Competitions are divided into domestic and international, which in turn are divided into club and national teams. Football tournaments collect tens of thousands of spectators on the stands of the stadium and multimillion-dollar audience on television.

Football varieties There are many kind of football varieties, mostly with fewer players, including: Futsal (AMF) and Futsal (FIFA) - Mini-Football (played in the hall on a special coating), Yard Football (played on any coating on the fields of any size by any number of people), beach football (played in the sand), "River Football" (knee-deep in the water, the annual tournament in English Burton), "Bolotny Football" (played on the swamp), football freestyle (lies in the performance of all sorts of Finders and tricks), Fatubball (played two balls). Also desktop and virtual football. Since the popularity of football is very high, there are many games imitating football

Slide 2.

Slide 3.

The most ancient source is the chronicles of the Han dynasty, which in ancient China. They have more than 2000 years. The game with kicking the ball Tsuchu appeared in ancient China already by 250 before the Nativity of Christ. Chinese women play football "TSU" means "beat the ball on the ball", and "Chu" - can be translated as a "leather born ball". According to the records, this game was usually played by marking the birthday of the emperor. Golting in Tsu-Chu was considered to enter the net through a small hole. The network was fixed by the vertically-standing bamboo cane. Given the fact that the hole was about 30 - 40 centimeters with a diameter and was at an altitude of 9 meters above the ground, a certain skill was required for the game.

Slide 4.

Brand depicting tsú-chú. Released in the United Arab Emirates, there are visible gates from silk with a hole in the center.

Slide 5.

Ancient football

Chinese women play football

Slide 6.

Football in Japan

Slide 7.

Japan - a similar game in the ball here played about 1400 years ago. According to historical data, between 300 and 600 from the Nativity of Christ, the Japanese invented the game called Keeri. It was played up to 8 people. The ball with a diameter of about 25 cm was covered with soft skin and packed with sawdust. The player was supposed to prevent touching the ball with the ball, humbling and juggling them with his legs. The box for playing Keeri was called Kickutsubo. According to tradition, Kickutsubo was a rectangular shape with young trees planted in each of the corners of the field. The classic version was characterized by using four different types of trees: cherries, maple, willow and pines. The Japanese had even a special slang for Keamari. With the introduction of the ball, the player shouted "Aryaaaa!" (Let's go!), And during the passage partner - "Ari!" (Here!).

Slide 8.

Three round plates called "markers" were installed in two inclined walls, called "markers" (only one stone ring remains). A shock for marker or a broken ball was considered a goal through the ring. Markers and rings were at the height of several yards above the ground (up to 9 meters). Players could be touched by elbows, knees or hips only to a small rubber ball (10-15 cm in diameter). The goal was such a huge achievement that after him the game often immediately ended.

Slide 9.

Slide 10.

Football in North America

Slide 11.

It is believed that the Indians of North America also had their own game with kicking the ball, which was called "Pasuckuakohowog", which means "they gathered to play the ball with their feet." The games took place at the beginning of the 17th century on the beaches with a gate of the width of Polmiel, who were at a distance of mile from each other. In Pasuckuakohowog, up to 1000 people took part. They played, often, rude and is traumatic. The players dressed all sorts of decorations and applied combat coloring, so revenge the offender after the game it was almost impossible. The usual business was considered to transfer the end of the match for another day and lush festivals on its completion. Weakly known ascaktuk - a game in which the Eskims played, and was a pineage of a heavy ball filled with grass, cariba's fur [view of Canadian deer] and moss. According to legend, two villages once played ascacktuk with a gate, the distance between which was 10 miles.

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Football in ancient Greece

In ancient Greece, the game in the ball was popular in various manifestations of at least 4 in. BC e. According to legends, the first ball gave Eros the Goddess of Aphrodite, saying such words: "I will give you a wonderful toy: this is a ball quickly flying, other better fun you will not add from the hands of Hepesta." Depending on the ritual, the ball could symbolize the sun, and the moon, and the earth, and even the polar shine.

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Among the soldiers, Sparta was popular for the ball "Episkiros", in which they played with their hands and legs. They played mostly men, but women, if desired, could also practic.

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Football in ancient Egypt

The picture shows a linseed ball found in the Egyptian tomb. For better rebound, the balls also included Ketgut wound on the sphere, after which they turned into the skin or suede. Very little is known about Egyptian balls. Historians believe that during the "fertility rites" in ancient Egypt, on the fields beat their feet wrapped in bright cloth balls with seeds.

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Medieval football with the collapse of the Roman Empire, this game remained under other names in France ("Pa Soot"), in Italy (Calcho) and many other states formed in her place. Game in the ball of Kacho (Florence) appeared in Italy in about the 16th century. PiazzaDellanovyevo Florence is considered to be the cradle of this fascinating sport. Over time, the game began to be called "Giuocodelcalciofiorentino" (Florentine feet) or simply - Kacho. The first official rules of Kachcho were published by Giovanni Bardiv 1580. Similar to the Roman Garpastum, played with hands and legs two teams of 27 people. Goals were counted after throwing the ball through the point marked on the perimeter.

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Football in England

When in 17 century. Supporters of the executed English king of Charles I fled to Italy, they met there with this game, and after the eight of the throne of 1660 Charles II brought it to England, where she became the game of courtiers. The most popular and brutal English version of the game in the ball was called "Football Crowd" and was held between the teams of different villages in the days of the celebrations and holidays. In 1565, football was openly played on the streets of England. Medieval football in England wore an extremely commercial and rude character, and the game itself was a wild dump on the streets. The degree of madness characterizes the fact that during matches living nearby people smash their homes windows. Both "teams" tried to drive the ball to the central square of the enemy village or played against other areas of their city, gathering on a market or main square.

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Football in Russia

In Russia, also has existed games with a ball resembling football. One of these games was called "Chaliga": players were sought to drive the ball into the enemy's territory. They played in the laps on the ice of the rivers or on the market squares with a leather ball stuffed with feathers. The Russian people went to the ball in the ball more than in the church, so the clergymen were primarily called for the eradication of the people's games. The head of the Starovarov-Raskolnikov Protopop Avvakum, which violently urged ... to burn out the participants of the games! However, perennial attempts by kings and kings stop this "dangerous" the game was failed. Football was stronger than the prohibitions, lived safely and developed, acquired a modern form and became an Olympic sport.

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