How to insulate the roof of a private house - what kind of insulation to choose for insulation. Insulation of the roof from the inside: choosing a heater and doing the installation with our own hands What materials are needed to insulate the roof
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Insulation of the roof from the inside - the best option work for several reasons.
Roof insulation is done only for residential attic rooms, due to this, heat losses are significantly reduced and the comfort of living is increased. Today companies produce a wide range of materials for insulation, all of which have both positive and negative sides. When choosing a specific insulation, it is important to know its features and take into account the characteristics of the building's truss system.
There are many names of materials for insulation, but they are all divided into two large groups.
Table. Roof insulation groups.
| Name of heaters | Operational and physical characteristics |
|---|---|
| This group includes basalt mineral wool, glass wool from recycled glass and ecowool from waste paper. Wool insulation can be pressed in the form of standard size mats or rolled. There are options for spraying liquid ecowool. In terms of thermal conductivity and weight listed types hardly differ from each other. Mineral wool is the most expensive. |
| Polyfoam, expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam, etc. All these heaters are made on the basis of the same polymer, differ in production technology and some additives. Most often they look like slabs different thicknesses and sizes can differ significantly in terms of physical strength. Thermal conductivity is almost the same, minor fluctuations in practice have no effect. The range of prices is large. Can be used in liquid form (sprayed on) or as boards. |
As an example, we will consider the two most common options for insulating a roof from the inside. Examples are not only budgetary, but also effective. The process is divided into several stages, the final quality of work depends on the correct execution of each of them.
Styrofoam prices
Styrofoam
Inspection of the rafter system and roof covering
A very important stage in preparing for insulation. Make an audit of all elements of the roofing system, check the condition of the roof covering. If problems are found, they must be fixed immediately.
Measure the distance between the rafter legs, this will help you navigate the choice of insulation. The fact is that all heaters have standard sizes in width... This simplifies and speeds up installation work and reduces waste. The width of the insulation is 60 cm, but, unfortunately, some manufacturers allow fluctuations in one direction or another by several centimeters. The distance between the rafter legs should be within 56–57 cm. In practice, such correct roofs are rarely found.
See if a windscreen is installed between the roof and the attic, whether it has air vents for natural ventilation. This is very important in cases when insulation is planned to be done with mineral wool.
Prices for material for vapor barrier
Vapor barrier material
Selection and purchase of materials
The most commonly used materials for roof insulation are mineral wool and polystyrene, we will dwell on them in detail. If you have a simple gable roof, then its insulation is not very difficult technologically. The situation is completely different with a sloping or hipped roof. These structures have many different stops, purlins, ties and other elements that reinforce rafter system... During insulation, you have to cut the mineral wool or foam plastic, make various folds and bends. As a result, the complexity of the work increases and the amount of waste increases.
But this is not all the problem. Complex roofs can never be sealed with a vapor barrier, there will always be places through which moist air enters the insulation. For mineral wool this is a very unpleasant phenomenon. Experienced builders recommend complex roofs insulate with foam, and not take risks with mineral wool. Wet wool not only almost completely loses its heat-saving ability, but also accelerates the putrefactive processes of wooden structures of the truss system.
Roof insulation works
The technology of work largely depends on the material chosen, but for all cases there are general tips.
If there is an opportunity to work with an assistant - great, the insulation process will go much faster. There is no such possibility - it's okay, all the work can be done independently.
To understand how to insulate the roof of a house, you need to know how it works, the features of its design and operation. For flat roofs alone, the domestic company TechnoNikol offers almost forty schemes of technical solutions. For pitched roof there are fewer such solutions, but there are different variants... And if you consider that this company is not the only one who makes roofing materials, and each other has its own established schemes, the layman can get confused. But regardless technical nuances and features of materials, the principles of roof insulation are common.
Warming principles
There are two large classes of roof construction in total: flat and pitched (or attic). And if we talk about functions, then there are also two of them: protection from atmospheric agents and thermal insulation.
In a flat roof, both functions are combined in one "pie", which has the following layouts: floor, insulation, roofing.
Insulation of a pitched roof can have three fundamentally different options:
cold attic with insulated floor;
exploited or a residential attic with an insulated roof:
combined roof with a warm contour of a dedicated attic.
But regardless of the design and location of the thermal insulation, all schemes have a common fundamental rule of how to properly insulate the roof of a house - from the side of a warm room, the insulation should be closed with a continuous and continuous layer of vapor barrier materials. And the design itself should provide weathering of moisture from the insulation.
There are two main reasons for protecting the insulation from getting wet - the loss of thermal insulation properties and the increase in the weight of the roofing cake. And if the loss of thermal insulation properties, apart from discomfort, does not threaten anything serious, then an excessive increase in the load on the supporting structure of the roof can lead to its collapse. In addition, the vapor barrier in the pitched roof protects the wooden structural elements from rotting and loss of bearing properties.
Insulation of a flat roof
The technology of insulating a flat roof depends on the materials of the floor and the characteristics of operation.
Insulation of a flat wooden roof
Usually, flat wooden roofs are considered a "feature" frame house... It is this scope of application that is indicated even in the "corporate" description of the roofing systems of the companies producing heat and waterproofing materials TechnoNicol. But even in brick houses, a wooden flat roof is not uncommon, since with a relatively low weight of the structure, sufficient rigidity and strength of the roof of a low-rise structure can be provided.
The insulation scheme looks like this:
Base... Moisture resistant OSB board (class 3 or 4).
Vapor barrier film... Spread with overlapping strips 15-20 cm on the long side and on the short side (when building in length). Along the perimeter, the vapor barrier should rise to the parapet and adjoining surfaces by the same 15-20 cm. Polymer-bitumen vapor barrier films are attached to the base using glue or telescopic fasteners (together with thermal insulation). Polypropylene or polyethylene film can be spread without attachment to the base, fixing it along the perimeter to the walls of the adjacent surfaces using a self-adhesive vapor-proof tape.
Insulation for the roof of the house... Three types of materials can be used for thermal insulation of a flat roof: stone wool mats, extruded polystyrene foam, rigid polyisocyanurate foam plates.
Roof covering.
Perhaps the most common example of a flat insulated roof over a wooden floor is a terrace with an exit from the second floor. But in this case, the construction of the roofing cake is closer to the insulated ceiling of a cold attic in its structure.
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer a roof repair service. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-rise Country".
As a roofing covering of flat roofs, rolled waterproofing materials, which allow for a continuous and unbreakable top layer. But, as with the insulation of a pitched roof, the waterproofing layer must be "breathable". There are two main options for a breathable flat roof:
application polymer membranes with high mechanical strength and resistance to direct exposure to ultraviolet radiation;
two-layer bituminous coating - welded roll insulation on top, bottom substrate with ventilated channels (for example, Uniflex Vent).
The advantage of a wooden flat roof can be attributed to the fact that a slight slope is arranged due to the position of the floor beams. And it is needed even at a flat roof to drain precipitation into the drain.
Thermal insulation of a flat roof on a concrete floor
This type of insulated flat roof accounts for the most options for the device of the roofing pie.
To begin with, there are unexploited and exploited flat roofs. Moreover, "exploitation" can be completely different in nature - from a terrace as a recreation area to the arrangement of the so-called "green roof".
If you do not take into account the different options for the roofing, then the same sequence of layers is used on the concrete floor as on the wooden one, except for one nuance - the organization of the slope to divert precipitation to the outer or internal system drain. And there are several solutions that can be used here:
device for overlapping screed with a slope;
device for concrete base a bulk slope-forming layer of expanded clay, separated from the insulated roofing cake by a reinforced screed;
the device of a bulk slope-forming layer of expanded clay over a layer of extruded polystyrene foam or mineral wool, followed by laying the screed and roofing;
the device of a slope-forming layer of special plates or mats of thermal insulation, in which one surface is located in relation to the other with a slope.
Insulation of the slab of a pitched roof with a cold attic
Insulation of a pitched roof with a cold attic occurs along the ceiling. And depending on the material of the overlap, the schemes are slightly different.
Insulation on the concrete ceiling of the attic
The layout of the layers partially resembles the insulation of the first floor floor:
A layer of vapor barrier is spread along the overlap (overlapping strips, with gluing joints and abutments to the enclosing surfaces).
Install logs (crate) for laying the heat-insulating layer.
Install thermal insulation. Usually, non-combustible materials are used as thermal insulation for the roof of a house - stone wool mats or loose expanded clay.
Lay a layer of waterproofing with high vapor permeability. According to the standard, it is obligatory to lay a strip 1 m wide from the line of intersection of the floor with the outer walls. When insulating the ceiling of the attic of a private house, it is easier to do - a waterproofing membrane is laid over the entire area.
A distance bar is attached to the lags (needed for a ventilated gap).
Mount the attic floor.
Thermal insulation of a wooden floor of a cold attic
The scheme of insulating a wooden floor is fundamentally different in the location of the vapor barrier. The vapor-tight film is not attached to the floor beams from above, but is hemmed from below.
Video description
How to properly make waterproofing and vapor barrier insulation for the ceiling of a cold attic, see the following video:
If we do the opposite, then water vapor of warm air will penetrate into the pores of the wood, but they will not be able to erode - there is a vapor barrier on top. This will lead to wetting of the wooden elements of the supporting structure and no treatment with antiseptics will save the wood from waterlogging and decay.
The scheme for insulating a wooden floor in a cold attic looks like this:
From the side of the room - a vapor barrier, on top of which a crate is stuffed for decorative finishing of the ceiling. Vapor barrier can be of several types: simple film, with anti-condensation surface, with a reflective (reflex) surface. In addition to protecting the insulation from getting wet, it protects the room from getting inside the insulation particles.
Thermal insulation between the beams - stone wool mats or expanded clay.
A layer of waterproofing superdiffusion membrane.
Distance bar.
Flooring attic.
Pitched roof insulation
This type of roof insulation is used to equip attics or if engineering equipment is installed in the attic (for example, a hydraulic accumulator, expansion tank, fan coil or ventilation system recuperator).
The standard roof insulation technology has the following scheme:
On rafter legsah the waterproofing superdiffusion membrane is stuffed from bottom to top with overlapping stripes. Vertical joints when building up the membrane in length should be with an overlap and fall on the rafter. Subsequently, the lower edge of the waterproofing is glued onto the drip tip (to drain condensate into the gutter).
On top of the waterproofing, a counter batten is nailed to the rafters, which provides a ventilation gap between the membrane and the roofing. For the tightness of the fastener line, an elastic tape can be laid between the strip and the waterproofing.
Mineral wool mats are placed between the rafters.
On the inside of the rafter legs, a vapor barrier is attached with a continuous layer. If it has an anti-condensation or reflective surface, then it is turned towards the attic.
A distance rail is stuffed over the vapor barrier. It is necessary for the "correct" functioning of the anti-condensation or reflective layer. The second purpose of the rail is the lathing for the inner lining of the attic.
The combined thermal insulation scheme is used to highlight the "warm contour" of the attic. The principle of such a scheme is to insulate vertical fences inside the attic and only that part of the roof that is adjacent to the attic.
Video description
The following video is a demonstration of insulating an attic roof with two layers of stone wool:
Conclusion
Roof insulation is perhaps the most difficult type of insulation work on enclosing surfaces. In a variety of schemes for different types structures and materials can only be understood by a professional. And the choice of insulation and the calculation of the thickness of the heat-insulating layer depend on the scheme. In addition, it is necessary to provide and arrange your own ventilation system for the roof and attic, without which the insulation will get wet and lose its properties, and the wooden structural elements will begin to rot.
In cold northern latitudes, the issue of keeping warm in winter period... Even many centuries ago, there was already an established technology of roof insulation.
After all, what less heat goes away from housing during heating, so less resources are spent to maintain it, the more comfortable it is to live in the house.
Years and centuries have passed, now there is no need to make a fire inside or heat a stove - central heating greatly simplifies the task.
But roof insulation is still necessary - after all, when the heat stays in the house for as long as possible, less energy is spent on heating, and living in a warm insulated house is much more comfortable.
Not so long ago, the most popular insulation was glass wool... Using glass wool is cheaper than using other types of insulation, but it has some significant drawbacks that make people abandon it and insulate the roof with other materials.
For example, cotton wool is not suitable for insulating inclined surfaces - it simply rolls down, exposing the very top of the roof, through which heat will seep. In addition, when using cotton wool, you need to think about how to protect it from moisture. However, cotton wool is still used in some homes, mainly due to its low cost.
Most often used now styrofoam and mineral wool (e.g. rockwool) ... The thing is that they are devoid of the disadvantages of glass wool, but they have a number of additional advantages. - quite durable material and is able to withstand significant loads, and mineral wool is wonderful noise isolator... You can read more about roof insulation with mineral wool.
Choosing the perfect insulation
When choosing a material, you should pay attention to the following characteristics:
Extremely essential It has insulation thickness... You can't miscalculate with her. Read below how to calculate the thickness correctly.
Correct calculation of the thickness of the insulation
The formula for calculating the layer thickness in meters will look like this:
Layer thickness \u003d Thermal resistance of the layer * Coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material (snip of the roof insulation).
These data are provided by the manufacturer and may vary. Specialists in a hardware store will help you find detailed information on each insulation.
Many experts advise adding half of the calculated value to it after receiving the final result. It is worth noting that when using filling or crushed materials, they should be loosened from time to time, so that the current layer thickness is not disturbed and remains stable.
Roof insulation technology
Any properly laid roof consists of a certain sequential combination of materials that form the so-called roofing cakeor a roof insulation scheme.
Out of sequence or skipping one of the layers of the pie can lead to sad consequences , so let's take a closer look at the entire roof insulation pie, starting from the bottom and going up to the very top of the roof.
You can choose any material you like as a roof: corrugated board , ondulin, soft tiles, etc. Now let's look at the standard procedure for insulating an attic under a gable roof:
- Let's consider all the layers of roof insulation in more detail. The first layer is interior decoration, behind it there is a crate... These layers are not of great importance for the insulation, so you can skip them.
- Steam insulation is behind them.... And here it is worth dwelling in more detail. does not allow warm (or even hot) air masses to interact with thermal insulation, so that moisture does not remain on the thermal insulation itself - the result of condensation. Each roof must have a vapor barrier - after all, the insulation should not be damp.
- Above is the counter grill, on which the insulation itself is laid directly. We have already talked about it and will talk more, so let's pay attention to the top layer - waterproofing.
- As the name suggests, waterproofing protects the insulation from watercoming from above - like rain, snow, or moisture simply condensed on the roof. must also be present in every roof.
- Then comes empty space for ventilation and, finally, the roof itself. Do not forget about the insulation of the roof cornice, the easiest way to do this is with a spray.
Laying roll vapor barrier
Pitched roof insulation technology
Roofing pie cutaway
Extremely important observe all the norms for installing each of the layers and the procedure for insulating the roof, otherwise the insulation itself may be damaged, and then it will cease to perform its functions. If you still have questions about roof insulation, you can find the answers in the article - "".
Thermal insulation of a flat roof
When insulating a flat roof, you should determine the purpose of the surface - whether it will be used or not... If so, then an additional concrete screed will need to be made on top of the thermal insulation (for example, if you walk on such a roof, adjust the antenna, for example). If the roof deck is not in use, then the screed is not needed. You can read more about this link.
Note!
The main requirement for flat roof insulation is strength and reliability of the material... Indeed, in winter, a significant mass of snow will accumulate on a flat roof, which can deform a weak fragile material.
There are two types of thermal insulation on a flat roof - single layer and double layer... As the name suggests, two-layer insulation uses two layers of insulation, a single layer, respectively, one.
Pitched roof thermal insulation
In total, there are two types of pitched roof insulation - insulation of floors(attic) and insulation of stingrays(scheme of attic roof insulation).
With attic insulation, the type and strength of the material is not so important - since there are no risks of slope, exposure and deformation of the material.
But with an attic, you need to pay attention to material strength, on its ability to maintain its shape and not roll.
When insulating floors, the attic should be ventilated, it is advisable to maintain a temperature in it close to the outside temperature.
Roof insulation nodes - overhangs, parapets and roof cornice
When insulating the above elements, in addition to complying with standard requirements (waterproofing, etc.), it is important protection of joints of "layers" from moisture ingress during rain or snow... For these purposes, boards, lining, galvanized steel and other similar materials are used. They need to flash the roof from the end, leaving no horizontal gaps into which moisture can seep.
Warming overhangs roofs can be done with using mineral wool or finishing material - lining or corrugated board... The roof parapet is insulated according to the same principle.
Useful video
And now we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the technology of roof insulation using a practical example:
Conclusion
So, an important factor when choosing a heater is the type of roof, as well as the type of insulation, if the roof is pitched. Having chosen a heater, it is necessary to correctly calculate its thickness and add a little just in case... It is important to follow the sequence and correct laying of the layers, then your roof will serve you for many years, protecting your house from the cold and helping to keep warm.
In contact with
The roof is a complex multifunctional structure that also takes part in heat exchange between the attic and the outside. Regardless of how the attic is used by the residents, the roofs of houses are insulated even in the southern regions of Russia. Consider why this is done, how to choose a heater for the roof, and arrange it yourself durable warm roof.
One of the options for a sectional insulated roof
Why insulate the roof
The presence of an attic space is an important factor for the temperature regime of housing, since even an unheated attic, being a buffer between the street and the ceiling of the upper floor, serves as thermal insulation.
On a cold roof, due to heat exchange between the attic and the outdoor environment, the snow melts - there is a loss of heat
To reduce heat loss through the ceilings of the upper rooms, the floors of the attic are insulated, but heat exchange still occurs through them, and in winter it is still slightly warmer in the attic than outside.
If the roof is not insulated, then in winter, condensation forms on its inner surface, which causes rotting of wooden rafters and battens, flows down and accumulates on the floor.
Roof without insulation In addition, in the house for six months, or even more, the temperature regime, since the lack of roof insulation makes the attic not only cold in winter, but hot in summer.
Materials used for roof insulation
The suitability of a heat-insulating material for use as a roof insulation is determined by its following characteristics:
- Density is a parameter that determines the porosity, and hence the thermal conductivity of the material. With a decrease in density, porosity increases and thermal conductivity decreases, which leads to an improvement in thermal insulation properties.
- Thermal conductivity - the ability of a material to heat transfer, the intensity of which depends not only on the porosity, but also on the degree of moisture content of the material. With an increase in the moisture content of the insulating material, its thermal conductivity increases, which reduces the thermal insulation qualities.
- Water absorption. To reduce the value of this parameter and reduce the value of the moisture factor, fibrous insulation is impregnated with water-repellent (hydrophobic) compounds. When buying mineral wool isolates, preference should be given to materials that have undergone such processing.
In addition to the listed characteristics, great importance has environmental friendliness of thermal insulation - no harmful emissions into the surrounding space in working order.
As for the flammability of the insulation, the degree of smoke generation and the toxicity of smoke generated upon contact with a flame, these parameters are determined according to SNiP 23-02-2003 "Thermal protection of buildings" and SP 4.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems". Confirmation of conformity of the insulating material to these requirements is a certificate, which must be presented by the seller at the request of the buyer.
For the device of thermal insulation of roofs, several groups of heaters are used that differ in physical characteristics. To facilitate the selection of the isolant that best suits specific conditions, let us consider in more detail these groups and the materials included in them.
Mineral wool insulation
This group of heat-insulating materials includes several types of insulators, produced in the form of rolls or mat:
- glass wool;
- slag wool.
The efficiency of using these heaters for thermal protection of roofs is ensured by the following qualities:
- low thermal conductivity (dry);
- incombustibility;
- resistance to temperature extremes;
- high vapor permeability;
- resistance to the effects of microorganisms;
- high soundproofing characteristics;
- ease of installation;
- durability.
Stone wool
This thermal insulation material is produced by melting rocks, then drawing the hot mass into fibers and combining with phenoformaldehyde resins used as a binder. The final product has an open cellular structure and, due to the content organic matter no more than 3%, withstands temperatures up to 1000 0 С.
Roll and sheet stone wool Since basalt is most often used as a raw material, stone wool is also called basalt.
According to the degree of hardness, basalt wool is divided into groups:
- soft - highly porous roll material made of fibers of minimum thickness, used in places with no mechanical stress (insulation of walls under a ventilated facade, roofs);
- medium hardness - sheet insulating material made of thicker fibers, used for thermal insulation of facades under significant wind load;
- hard - mats made of thick and hard fibers, laid under the concrete screed and "wet" facade.
Soft (left) and hard stone wool To give the insulation waterproof and reflective characteristics, another type of stone wool is produced - universal, with one-sided or double-sided aluminum foil.
Foil basalt wool Stone wool is the most effective of the mineral fiber heat insulators, which is due to the following virtues :
- high heat and sound insulation characteristics;
- fire safety (do not burn and do not support combustion);
- high vapor permeability;
- sufficient hydrophobicity;
- high durability without loss of functionality (30 years or more);
- ease of installation.
The disadvantage of basalt wool comes from its advantages - it is a high price. All other consumer claims are the result of purchasing low-quality insulation.
Important! Despite the softness of the stone wool fibers, it is necessary to work with it in a respirator.
Glass wool
Glass wool is a time-tested insulation material originally produced from a molten mixture of quartz sand (80%) with limestone, dolomite, soda and brown. Later, the sand was replaced with secondary raw materials (broken glass), which, without compromising on quality, reduced the cost, as a result of which glass wool today is 2-3 times cheaper than an isolate from basalt raw materials.
Produced in the following form:
- rolls - soft material up to 100 mm thick for the possibility of stacking, including on surfaces of complex configuration;
- mats or slabs - rigid and semi-rigid insulating material up to 200 mm thick for outdoor use.
Insulation with improved characteristics (protection against blowing, waterproofing) is made with foil or reinforced fiberglass.
Foil insulation Isover Glass wool fibers are 3-4 times longer than that of stone or slag wool. At the same time, there are no non-fibrous inclusions in it, which provides the material with elasticity and high resistance to compaction under the influence of vibration.
The thermal conductivity of glass wool is in the range of 0.03-0.52 W / m · 0 C, which exceeds the performance of polymer insulating materials, but less than that of slag and basalt insulation.
Glass wool is good for steam, withstands temperature drops from -50 0 C to +250 0 C without loss of properties, is not flammable and does not attract rodents. The density of this isolate ranges from 11 to 25 kg / m 3.
Important! On pitched roofs (a slope of more than 12%), it is better to use a roll insulation that is more convenient for such structures, but with a density of at least 15 kg / m 3.
Glass wool heat protection for pitched roofs The listed advantages determine the high demand for glass wool for the thermal insulation of buildings for various purposes, but the insulation also has disadvantages:
- hygroscopicity - due to its ability to absorb moisture from the environment, glass wool needs waterproofing;
- a wet insulating material dries for a long time, and after a few wettings it becomes denser and loses its heat-insulating properties;
- fragile and sharp fibers of glass wool penetrate through ordinary clothing, irritating the skin, eyes and respiratory tract more than other isolates;
Important! Work using glass wool is performed in tight clothing using personal protective equipment - gloves, goggles or a mask, respirator. To protect problem areas of the skin from the penetration of fibers into the pores, use baby powder or talcum powder. After work, take a cool shower with a strong pressure of water.
Slag
Slag wool is a fibrous insulation made from metallurgical waste (blast furnace slag). A jet of molten slag is blown through with compressed air or steam, as a result of which thin fibers (Ø 0.004-0.012 mm, length up to 16 mm) are formed, from which a porous canvas is formed by subsequent pressing with treatment with a binder. Since blast furnace slags contain sulfur compounds, iron oxides and manganese, these components are also present in the slag wool.
Blast furnace slag and slag wool Possessing the advantages inherent in all mineral wool insulation, slag insulation has a number of individual disadvantages :
- hygroscopicity - the material absorbs and accumulates moisture in the air;
- residual acidity of blast furnace slag causes oxidation metal structures and rotting of wood in places of their contact with heat protection, especially when it gets wet;
- decrease in thermal insulation properties under the influence of temperature drops;
- vibration resistance - susceptibility to compaction with deterioration of heat-shielding characteristics;
- prickly and brittle fibers - identical to glass wool.
The listed factors limit the scope of use of slag wool and, as a result, reduce the demand for this inexpensive insulation. It is better not to use it for insulating wooden houses, especially residential ones.
Comparative table of characteristics of mineral wool insulation
Expanded polystyrene
This insulation is one of the types of foam and consists of many thin-walled capsules fastened together with air, which makes up to 98% of the total volume of the material. This structure leads to a low density, small specific gravity and high thermal insulation characteristics of expanded polystyrene, which is widely used in thermal protection of civil and industrial buildings.
Expanded polystyrene and penoplex Expanded polystyrene is produced in three types:
- non-pressed - a porous material with the ability to absorb water, marked with the abbreviation PSB (suspended non-pressed polystyrene foam);
- press - dense and durable insulator with closed pores, low water absorption and good thermal insulation characteristics, indicated by the PS marking;
- extruded (penoplex) - the most effective heat protection, characterized by a small size of closed pores (0.1-0.2 mm), marked with letters EPPS with a numerical value of the density value (EPPS-25, -30, -35, -45).
Individual properties of expanded polystyrene:
- water absorption - the penetration of water into the material is no more than 0.4% of the volume of the isolate when fully immersed in water for a period of 10 days;
- low vapor permeability (0.05 mg / m · h · Pa);
- biological resistance - does not react to microorganisms, but is vulnerable to rodents.
Mouse-damaged insulation 
Loose heat insulating agents
The most popular insulation in this group is expanded clay - an environmentally friendly material produced by high-temperature swelling of natural clay with subsequent firing of the resulting granules. Expanded clay has all the properties of fired clay, except for density and thermal conductivity, which are much lower than that of ceramics.
Expanded clay is produced in several fractions, differing in granule sizes and related characteristics:
- expanded clay gravel - 20-40 mm, 10-20 mm;
- expanded clay sand - up to 5 mm.
Expanded clay of various fractions A fraction of 10-20 mm is used as a roof insulation.
Comparison table of characteristics of expanded clay of various fractions Advantages of expanded clay :
- environmental friendliness - the absence of any harmful emissions;
- good heat and sound insulation properties due to low thermal conductivity (≈0.16 W / m) and high porosity;
- fire resistance and absolute incombustibility;
- high frost resistance;
- a wide range of bulk density - 250-800 kg / m3, depending on the fraction;
- resistance to chemicals;
- high compressive strength;
- resistance to fungus and lack of attractiveness to rodents;
- high durability while maintaining characteristics;
- affordable price.
Disadvantages of expanded clay:
- hygroscopicity;
- the effectiveness of thermal protection requires a layer of 15 cm;
- for roof insulation houses from the inside is not suitable.
Important! The statement that roof insulation expanded clay is the cheapest, it is true not always - in the northern regions, the cost of filling it, due to the significance of the layer thickness, will exceed the cost of heat protection from other insulators (mineral wool, penoplex).
Roof insulation device
First of all, you need to decide on the method of roof insulation, which is tied to the following factors:
- The newly constructed roof is insulated from the outside, and the existing one - from the inside.
- The insulating material is selected taking into account the slope - on flat roofs, you can use not only mineral wool and polymer, but also bulk heat protection.
Installation of insulation is carried out in the warm season, and outside insulation also requires dry weather.
Calculation of the thickness of thermal protection
Having chosen insulation for the roof, it is necessary to calculate the need for it. To do this, you need to multiply the roof area by the thickness of the insulation. The area is determined by multiplying the dimensions of the roof, and the insulation thickness is calculated in accordance with SNiP 23-02-2003 "Thermal protection of buildings", taking into account the region of the building.
The formula for calculating the thickness of the insulation The resistance of fences to the passage of heat through them (R 0 pref) depends on the region, its independent calculation is difficult, therefore, for ease of use, the values \u200b\u200bof the reduced resistances for cities of Russia are summarized in the table:
Heat transfer resistance table in Russian cities The thermal conductivity coefficient of the insulation is indicated on the packaging of the insulating material or in its quality certificate and can have several values:
- when operating in a dry room with a temperature of 10 0 С;
- for use in a dry room with a temperature of 25 0 С;
- for use in wet conditions.
In the case of roof insulation, the first value must be used.
This video will tell you more about the required thickness of the roofing insulation:
Insulation of the roof outside
There is no universal technology for thermal protection of roofing bases, because each roof structure requires an individual approach to solving many interrelated issues - from the insulation material and the method of fastening to the arrangement of overhangs and ridge. Consider performing the types of work that are mandatory when arranging the roof with mineral wool.
Insulation of a pitched roof from the outside is performed during the construction of a house or overhaul roofs - at the stage when the installation of the rafters is completed.
Work begins from the inside - from the side of the attic room, a special vapor barrier film is mounted on the rafters, designed to protect the insulation from steam coming from indoor spaces.
Vapor barrier films and membranes When installing a vapor barrier, the orientation of the sides of the insulating material must be carried out in accordance with the type of film:
- glassine is laid with the bituminous side inside the room;
- for single-layer films, including those reinforced with a polymer mesh, orientation is not important;
- two-three-layer membranes are placed with the smooth side to the insulation (fleecy - to the room);
- foil vapor protection is mounted with foil towards the attic.
When choosing a vapor barrier, you need to take into account the value of the Sd indicator on the package - the lower it is, the higher the vapor permeability of the film.
The laying of the vapor barrier begins from the top - across the rafters with the upper strip overlap with the lower one by 10 -12 cm. The film is attached to the beams using a construction stapler, and the joints of the canvases along the entire length are glued from above with a sealing tape of the "Ondutis" type.
Installation of a vapor barrier film on rafters Then, on top of the film across the rafters with a step of 10-30 cm, wooden bars are nailed, arranging from them:
- load-bearing lattice base for laying outside the insulation;
- when decorating walls - a ventilation gap between the vapor barrier and the facing material.
Depending on what the walls will be finished with later, additional bars can be mounted on top of this crate, but already along the rafters.
Installation from the inside to the rafters of the sheathing At the end of the fastening from the inside of the bars, they begin to lay the insulation outside. Mats are installed tightly between the rafters - without gaps, but also without folds. If it is necessary to lay several layers, then the sheets in the tiers are placed with an offset relative to the lower rows - for the mismatch of the seams.
Laying mineral wool insulation outside On top of the insulation, it is necessary to mount waterproofing, arranging a ventilation gap between them of at least 3 cm.
If the mats are laid flush with the rafters or are not recessed enough, then to form a gap, the cross-section of the beams is increased - wooden bars are mounted to them longitudinally, on which a waterproofing film is laid and fixed with a stapler.
If the rafters protrude above the insulation to the required height, then the waterproofing is attached to them - starting with the ridge, also with an overlap of 10-12 cm and gluing the joints with sealing tape.
Insulated roof section from outside Then, a transverse lathing is made on top of the beams, on which the finishing roofing is mounted.
Heat protection of the roof from the inside
Insulation from the side of the attic is not considered basic; it is carried out on the basis of an already existing structure of a "cold" roof or a roof that was not previously insulated from the outside. The number of thermal protection operations, their sequence and execution in a given situation may differ.
Consider a way of insulation "Cold" roofs classic construction with mineral wool from the inside.
Cold roof Important! If the old roof leaks, then you will have to refuse to insulate it from the inside - in this case, it is necessary to disassemble the outer coating and perform the waterproofing again.
Mineral wool mats are cut in such a way that their width is 2-3 cm wider than the pitch of the rafters - this will allow them to be inserted. If the insulation is recessed in the grooves, then it must be additionally fixed. To do this, longitudinal strips are nailed to the beams in the grooves on top of the laid mats, and small nails with a pitch of 10 cm are nailed to them, leaving their heads not recessed. The heads of the nails are used for lacing between the rafters, which will securely fix the insulation in the grooves.
Fixing the insulation between the rafters "lacing" Then a vapor barrier is attached to the beams with a stapler, on top of which the sheathing and finishing of the walls are mounted.
If the mineral wool is laid flush with the rafters, then the vapor barrier is also attached to them, after which a transverse and / or longitudinal crate is mounted on top of it, which will provide a ventilation gap, and finishing.
Lathing options for roof insulation from the inside The idea of \u200b\u200broof insulation with mineral wool from the inside will complement this video:
Insulation of flat roofs
Flat roofs are subdivided into exploited and unexploited. In the first case, the roof surface is used as an additional area, therefore, a concrete screed is performed on top of the insulation, in the second case, reinforcement is not done, since here only snow and wind loads are present from mechanical loads.
Non-operational flat roofs Insulation of both types of roofs is carried out according to one of two existing schemes:
- single-layer - the thermal protection layer is homogeneous and made of one material; it is used in industrial buildings, warehouses, garages;
- two-layer - the bottom layer (70-170 mm) with low strength characteristics has high heat-shielding properties, and the top (30-50 mm) is dense, hard and durable.
For arrangement flat roofs most popular the insulation is expanded clay - the insulating material is inexpensive and without problems associated with the tightness of the joints.
Work begins with the repair of the old roof - removal of exfoliated materials and sealing cracks. On the repaired base, 2 layers of waterproofing are laid, sealing the flaps of the strips with special tape. If the roof is concrete, no waterproof underlay is needed. Dry expanded clay is poured with a layer of 25-40 cm (determined by the formula), leveled and tamped.
"Pie" flat roof insulated with expanded clay Top with cement-sand mortar, reinforced with a mesh of steel or plastic reinforcement. After the concrete has cured and dried, 2 layers are laid roll waterproofing (roofing material, bitulin).
Insulated flat roof - a platform for the veranda By laying a decorative finish of rubber tiles or artificial turf, you can arrange a cozy veranda on the site.
Conclusion
Roof insulation in most regions of Russia is not a whim, but a necessity. The scope of work on thermal insulation of any type of roof is significant, but the technical implementation is not difficult. Choosing the right technology devices warm roof and insulating material, the thermal protection of the house can actually be done independently - by two or three performers.
The main point of the article
- Roof insulation housing outside or from the inside - this is a 15% reduction in heat loss, an increase in the durability of wooden structures, and the arrangement of additional living space.
- Most modern heaters are suitable for roof insulation, so the question of which insulation is better is relevant only in relation to a specific situation.
- Heat protection of the roof from the outside is a type of construction work performed during the construction of a building. Roof insulation houses from the inside - a corrective operation, but the effectiveness of the result can also be high.
- Despite the significant amount of work, it is quite possible to insulate the roof with the efforts of two or three performers without the involvement of professionals.
When building a private house, you should pay attention not only to the thermal protection of walls and floors, but also to the insulation of roof structures. The temperature and humidity conditions of the room, and even the service life of structures, depend on the literacy of measures for insulating the roof. Work on the installation of thermal insulation material can be done by hand.
The need for insulation
Of school course Physicists all know that heated air rises. If there is no thermal insulation, nothing prevents him from leaving the building. Because of this phenomenon, a large amount of heat loss occurs precisely through the roof or attic floors. Lack of adequate protection against cold and warm air loss can lead to the following problems:
- lowering the room temperature;
- increased heating costs in the winter;
- condensation on the inner surface of the roof;
- the appearance of mold or mildew on the elements of the roof;
- destruction or damage to supporting structures, and bringing the house into an emergency condition.
Insulation of roof structures, as well as insulation of walls and ceilings during the construction of multi-apartment residential buildings, must be checked by public or private expertise at the design stage. The thermal insulation of a private cottage is completely dependent on the future owner, no one checks its presence and a competent choice, but it does not lose its importance from this.
Warming methods
Do-it-yourself roof insulation largely depends on the roof design. There are two types of roofs: flat and pitched. Most often, flat roofs are used for the construction of multi-storey buildings, but it is possible to use it in the construction of a private cottage. Flat roofs can be constructed in two ways:
In the inversion, the order of the layers is changed. This technology is used when arranging an exploited roof. In both cases, the following can be used as a material for insulation:
- styrofoam;
- extruded polystyrene foam;
- mineral wool (in slabs);
- expanded clay.
The latter is quite cheap, but has lower heat-shielding characteristics. In most cases, roof insulation is used from the outside. This allows you to simplify the installation process and make protection from the cold, competent from the point of view of heating technology.
The scheme of laying insulation between the rafters
It is necessary to remember about the strength of the material; additional measures will also be required to protect the insulation from mechanical damage.
When building a private house, the version with a pitched roof is most often used. It allows you to equip an attic or attic and has a more attractive appearance. Roof insulation wooden house or any other can be done in several ways:
- laying material between rafters (the most common);
- laying insulation on top of the rafters;
- fastening from the bottom of the rafters.
Material selection
Insulation of the roof of a wooden house or building made of other materials is carried out using the following materials:
Rarely used materials include:
- expanded clay;
- sawdust.
Roof insulation scheme with mineral wool
Bulk materials are used to protect from the cold outside. They have an attractive price, but they are rather difficult to install, so they are not widely used. Better to use more modern technology.
In general, materials for carrying out thermal protection measures must meet the requirements:
- safety, no harmful effects on humans;
- environmental friendliness;
- low weight to prevent excessive loads on the rafter system;
- resistance to creasing and sagging, sufficient strength and rigidity;
- sound insulation characteristics (especially important when using metal roofing);
- resistance to fire (especially important for wood construction);
- if possible, good vapor permeability, which will provide additional ventilation of the room;
- good heat-shielding characteristics.
One of the most important characteristics of a material is its thermal conductivity. This value must be indicated by the manufacturer. The lower the value, the less insulation thickness you need. In the absence of tightness in funds, it is better to choose materials such as mineral wool or expanded polystyrene. The values \u200b\u200bof their thermal conductivity depend on the manufacturer and are in the range of 0.03-0.04 W / (m2 * ᵒС).
Thickness calculation
It is important not only to choose the right material for insulation, but also to correctly calculate its thickness. Insufficient will lead to condensation, and excessive means an irrational waste of money. You can select the value "by eye" based on general recommendations, for example, regardless of the type of roof (pitched or flat), for insulation with mineral wool or expanded polystyrene, a layer thickness of 150-200 mm is required.
It is best to carry out a full-fledged heat engineering calculation, which takes into account modern comfort requirements and allows you to find the perfect balance of cost and quality. For a specialist, such a calculation will not be difficult. A person far from construction can use examples of calculations or the Teremok program, which is freely available and is quite simple and understandable.
Competent calculations at the design stage are aimed at saving the budget and ensuring the reliability of thermal protection.
Their implementation will not take a lot of time, but will allow avoiding cost overruns during construction and additional repair costs during operation.
The process of insulating a flat roof
Depending on the type of roof, the insulation technology will be different. For flat roofs, the following layer order is usually followed:
- supporting structure (most often reinforced concrete pavement);
- vapor barrier layer;
- thermal insulation material;
- cement-sand screed (reinforced for not strong materials);
- waterproofing carpet, which serves as a topcoat.
If absolutely necessary, work can be done from inside the room, but this method has several disadvantages:
- reducing the height of the room;
- dew point transfer inside the structure;
- inconvenience of work.
Heat protection for pitched roof
Before properly insulating the roof of the house, you need to understand the order of work. The pitched roof in the vast majority of cases is insulated between the rafters. Do-it-yourself roof insulation from the inside is quite a feasible task. It is important to observe the correct order of laying materials from the bottom up:
- interior decoration;
- lower lathing;
- vapor barrier;
- rafters with insulation between them;
- waterproofing;
- wind protection;
- lathing;
- roofing material.
When the thickness of the insulation is greater than the height of the rafter legs, counter-rails are installed. It is better to use modern diffusion membranes as wind protection and waterproofing.
Competent insulation, regardless of the type of roof, requires a careful approach. To avoid problems during operation, it is necessary to choose the correct thickness of insulation, choose a reliable manufacturer and follow the installation technology. Fulfillment of these conditions will allow the roof to last for a long time and contribute to the maintenance of normal temperature and humidity conditions in the building.
We insulate the roof correctly: how to avoid mistakes
Roof insulation will create warmth in the house. How and what is better to insulate the roof of a private house, we will tell you in detail in this article.
How to insulate the roof of a house is better: the choice of materials for insulation
When choosing the best way to insulate the roof, it is important to take into account not only the cost of the material itself, its technical specifications, but also installation features. Installation of many types of heat insulators can be done by hand, but in some cases the use of special equipment is required.
The principles of choosing a heater
In order to choose the right insulation for the roof, first of all, you should pay attention to the type of roof. It can be flat or pitched - depending on the design features, some material requirements differ.
In general, when selecting a heat insulator for a roof, the following parameters are assessed:
- thermal conductivity (the lower this parameter, the more effective the insulation);
- moisture resistance;
- long service life without loss of performance;
- shape stability (a material capable of maintaining geometric parameters is more reliable);
- specific gravity (it is recommended to give preference to materials with low density, which do not weigh down the roof structure);
- frost resistance (with temperature changes, the thermal insulation material should not lose its properties);
- sound insulation (this parameter is one of the key ones when choosing a roof insulation covered with a "noisy" roofing material);
- fire resistance;
- environmental friendliness (the material should not emit toxic substances).
The best roof insulation is a lightweight, non-combustible, safe and durable material that matches the structure of the roof frame. 
Errors that significantly affect the quality and reliability of roof insulation include:
- saving on quality (it is recommended to use insulation from reputable manufacturers);
- installation of a heat-insulating layer that is insufficient in thickness;
- violation of the installation technology (insufficiently high-quality waterproofing and vapor barrier, the presence of joints and through seams in the insulation layer, the absence of ventilation gaps in the pitched roof pie).
Today on the construction market you can find a wide range of thermal insulation materials for the roof. First of all, these are materials:
Each type of insulation has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Mineral wool
Roof insulation with mineral wool today is one of the most popular options for thermal insulation of flat and pitched roofs. This insulation has a fibrous structure and is made from rock melts. Mineral wool is supplied to the market in the form of rolls or slabs (mats).
When choosing this insulation, you need to carefully consider the thickness and density of the material.
The benefits of mineral wool include:
- high level of thermal insulation;
- affordable cost;
- incombustibility;
- environmental Safety;
- ease of installation;
- biostability (does not rot, is not damaged by rodents, insects and microorganisms);
- vapor permeability;
- soundproofing;
- stability of geometric dimensions.
Rigid basalt mineral fiber slabs are used for external insulation of flat roofs. Mineral wool of lesser thickness and density is suitable for insulating pitched roofs. Stone wool acts as one of the elements of fire protection of the roofing system.
Roof insulation with mineral wool requires a careful approach to ensuring reliable waterproofing and vapor barrier of the heat-insulating layer and creating ventilation gaps. This avoids the accumulation of moisture in the insulation. Otherwise, the thermal insulation properties of mineral wool deteriorate, and the rafter structures may begin to rot.
Glass wool
Glass wool is a time-tested heat-insulating material, similar in its characteristics to mineral wool. Melted glass is used for its manufacture. Glass wool is produced in rolls and slabs. It is a non-flammable, environmentally friendly insulation with soundproofing properties.
During the installation of glass wool insulation, protective equipment must be used and certain installation rules must be observed in order to avoid health hazards. 
Before insulating the roof with mineral wool, it is necessary to choose a material for creating a vapor barrier, while a number of manufacturers produce glass wool slabs with a foil coating on the outside. This speeds up and simplifies the installation of this thermal insulation material.
Expanded polystyrene
Extruded polystyrene foam (polystyrene foam) is a popular plate material that is used for roof insulation. It is characterized by high heat-insulating characteristics, resistant to moisture. Due to the fact that expanded polystyrene does not absorb vapors, the boards can be mounted directly on the waterproofing without creating an air gap for the pitched roof.
The combustibility of expanded polystyrene and its vapor permeability makes this material for roof insulation unsuitable for installing a flat soft roof. 
Insulating the pitched roof, the foam plates are stacked between the rafters in one layer. It is required to ensure that the edges of the slabs fit snugly against the wooden structures. The joints must be filled with polyurethane foam, and reinforced tape must be glued on top.
Polyurethane foam
- low thermal conductivity;
- low specific gravity;
- sound insulation properties;
- biostability;
- waterproofing properties (due to the sealed cell structure).
Polyurethane foam is produced in the form of rigid plates, and can also be applied to the roof structure by spraying.
PU foam boards have sufficient rigidity. They are easy to cut and drill, do not lose their shape during operation. Their installation is carried out using the same technology as the thermal insulation of the roof with plates of extruded polystyrene foam.
Spraying polyurethane foam - modern technology, which has already earned recognition. The application of the insulating layer is carried out using special equipment, and this is the main disadvantage of this material. The main advantage of sprayed PU foam is the ability to create a monolithic heat-insulating layer, since the foaming material fills all the cracks.
Insulation of the roof with penoizol is similar to the use of sprayed polyurethane foam. According to their technical specifications penoizol (carbamide-formaldehyde foam) is close to conventional foam. The advantages of the material include the combination of its price and quality. Taking into account the coefficient of thermal conductivity, the cost of penoizol is lower than that of mineral wool, basalt slabs, extruded polystyrene foam. Polymer material safe for human health.
Spraying of penoizol is carried out using a foaming unit. The hose approaches the place where the insulation is installed, and the foam fills the required gap. Thermal foam in a solidified form is a material that does not weigh down structures and does not have any harmful effects on them.
Penoizol differs from sprayed polystyrene foam in a higher level of moisture absorption, which is about 5%. Therefore, there is a need to install a vapor barrier.
When arranging a flat roof, various materials for house roof insulation. These include foam concrete, consisting of:
- concrete;
- cement;
- sand;
- blowing agent.
The foam material allows for a durable and reliable roof insulation. Due to its low density, foam concrete does not create high loads on bearing structures and keeps warm well. The advantages of the material include:
For the installation of foam concrete, a special mobile installation is used. The insulation layer can be from 30 to 150 mm.
This material is also used for the installation of flat roofs. Expanded clay is a bulk insulation that is laid on the floor slab or the outer surface of the roof. The material must be compacted and covered with a screed, while observing required angle roof slope to ensure drainage.
The use of expanded clay leads to a significant increase in the loads on the building structures and the building foundation, which must be foreseen at the design stage. The quality of such insulation largely depends on the correct execution of the installation work.
Foamed glass
Choosing how to insulate the roof of a private house, you can pay attention to an environmentally friendly material with high thermal insulation characteristics - foamed glass. This material is made by foaming the glass mass with carbon, it differs:
- resistance to deformation;
- durability;
- biostability;
- resistance to steam and water;
- incombustibility.
Foamed glass is used for thermal insulation of all types of roofs, regardless of the materials from which it is made. When installing insulation, it is important to take into account its low absorbency, and use polymer acetate glue to ensure high adhesion.
The use of foamed glass allows you to give elasticity to the soft roof, to level its surface. It is a suitable material for the arrangement of flat operated roofs.
Ecowool (cellulose) is a heater made from waste paper. It is an environmentally friendly material that has excellent heat insulating and sound insulating qualities. To avoid such disadvantages of cellulose as flammability and susceptibility to damage from rodents and microorganisms, ecowool is treated with flame retardants and bioprotective compounds.
Ecowool is a lightweight and cheap material. But roof insulation with ecowool requires a special approach when it comes to installing a heat insulator between the rafters. Of board materials it is necessary to create closed “boxes” into which ecowool is blown, completely filling all the cracks. The disadvantages of this insulation include the need for special preparation for installation and the use of specialized equipment.
Roof insulation with sawdust was popular before the advent of modern high-tech materials. Woodworking waste is an environmentally friendly, hypoallergenic, breathable, but combustible material, which must be taken into account when choosing a heat insulator. In addition, sawdust is susceptible to rotting and can serve as a habitat for rodents.
With the help of such bulk material as sawdust, not the roof structure of the house is insulated, but ceiling slab... Ecowool can be used in the same way. A uniform layer of sawdust allows for high-quality insulation of the ceiling of residential premises. To improve the thermal insulation properties, sawdust can be mixed with clay and treated attic floor.
The use of sawdust is possible only on condition that the attic space is unexploited.
The correct choice of insulation and high-quality installation of the roofing cake will allow all year round provide a healthy microclimate in the house, and save on heating in winter.
The better to insulate the roof of a private house: mineral wool, sawdust, ecowool
Find out the best way to insulate the roof of a private house. Comparison of materials for roof insulation with mineral wool, sawdust and ecowool
How to properly insulate the roof in a private house?
- How to properly insulate the roof of a house
- The choice of insulation material
- Roof insulation procedure
Owning a private house, it is required to provide a certain temperature regime in it for a comfortable stay. To accomplish this task, you need to maintain the required temperature in his rooms. To comply with this condition, the house must be properly insulated. As you know, heated air rises to the ceiling and then to the roof. Heat loss through the roof of the house is over 30%. Therefore, to preserve heat in the house, especially if an attic room is arranged under the roof, it is required to insulate the attic from the inside. To do this, you need to know how to properly insulate the roof of a private house.
Diagram of the roofing device made of corrugated board.
How to properly insulate the roof of a house
In order to competently make thermal insulation in a private house, you need to know how to insulate the roof and what is the sequence of work performed.
Firstly, in order for the roof of the house to be insulated correctly, it is necessary to choose correctly insulation materials... In this matter, it is better to get the advice of a specialist.
Secondly, during the preparation and calculation of materials, it is necessary to take into account the configuration of the roof.
Thirdly, when deciding how to properly insulate the roof, you need to consider the strength characteristics of the roof itself.
Before starting work on the insulation of the roof, it is necessary to carefully inspect the roof of the house from the inside. Any discovered defects and various damages must be repaired. Then all wooden structures, especially the rafters and crate, must be covered with an antiseptic and fire retardants. Conduct an audit of pipelines and electrical wiring passing through the attic. If necessary, cover the pipelines with thermal insulation (protection against condensation), place the wiring in a protective casing.
The choice of insulation material
To know how to insulate the roof of a house, you need to study the characteristics of the materials used for this. The materials widely used for roof insulation include:
Ensuring air circulation when insulating a pitched roof.
- mineral wool and glass wool;
- expanded polystyrene;
- foam concrete;
- polyurethane foam;
- liquid polyurethane foam.
All types of insulation have their own indicators of thermal conductivity, air permeability, moisture resistance and environmental friendliness. Insulating materials have different strength and durability and, of course, cost.
The most popular is mineral wool in the form of mineral wool slabs. It has the following advantages:
- Low coefficient of thermal conductivity.
- Resistant to fire.
- Suitable for any type of roof.
- It can be easily assembled even by one person.
The disadvantage of mineral wool is its high moisture absorption coefficient. When wet, it loses its heat-insulating properties and strength properties.
Roof insulation procedure
The insulation process begins with the installation of the insulation. Insulation is installed from the inside of the attic between the rafters. A wind and moisture protective membrane (waterproofing film) must be installed on top of the insulation. It is installed on the rafters and fastened with a counter-lattice during the construction of the house. The lathing is attached to the counter batten, and then the roof covering.
Roof insulation scheme.
Thus, between the crate and the waterproofing film, a ventilation channel with a height of about 50 mm is obtained, which provides ventilation of the under-roof space. This channel removes moisture vapor that has penetrated from the inside of the attic space, which prevents the insulation from getting wet. For effective ventilation, supply air vents are organized under the roof canopy, and exhaust openings in the ridge part.
Insulation plates should be installed very tightly between the rafters, so that cold bridges do not appear when it shrinks. To do this, they should be about 10 mm wider than the distance between the rafters. Plates are required to be installed in two layers in a checkerboard pattern so that their joints overlap. Plates should be installed so as not to block the ventilation gap of the under-roof space. The plates are fixed by stuffing bars with a section of 50x50 mm on the rafters. Since the thermal conductivity of the rafters is higher than that of the insulation, it is recommended to place another layer of insulation between the fixing bars. In the case when the distance between the rafters is greater than the width of the slabs, they are additionally fastened with a tensioned wire fixed to the surface of the rafters. A vapor barrier membrane is attached on top of the installed insulation. It is installed with an overlap of strips of about 10 cm, the joints are fastened together with adhesive tape.
After completing the roof insulation, the attic is sheathed from the inside with clapboard or drywall sheets.
Knowing how to insulate the roof, and doing this work with your own hands, you can significantly increase the comfortable living conditions in the house and save money.
How to insulate the roof of a house is better: the choice of materials for insulation with your own hands (photo)
How to insulate the roof in a private house yourself. Step-by-step instruction for warming the attic. Features of the work. Insulation selection rules.
The better to insulate the roof of a private house
Heat loss through the roof of a one-story house can be up to 30% of the total, therefore, increased requirements are imposed on the choice of insulation.
Correct insulation of the roof of a private house reduces heat losses and heating costs in winter, and also maintains a comfortable indoor temperature in summer, preventing it from rising.
Depending on the peculiarities of the implementation of the pitched roof and the building materials used, they are distinguished:
- warm roof,
- cold attic (ventilated roof).
Warm roof consists of several layers ("pie") of materials with different characteristics: waterproofing, vapor barrier, thermal insulation. Laying them on the roof structure in a certain sequence allows you to achieve the best operating conditions for each layer.
If planned cold attic, then only the floor of the attic is insulated along the floor joists. Roof slopes are not insulated from the inside. This solution provides an improvement in the humidity regime during the operation of the roofing cake.
Materials for roof insulation
When choosing a heater for a pitched roof, a number of requirements must be taken into account: the material must keep its shape throughout the entire service life, not form voids, and maintain thermal insulation properties.
Among the large assortment of heaters on the market, the most suitable for insulating the roof of a private house and meeting the specified requirements are:
Mineral wool
It is a fibrous insulation made from molten and hardened rock. It has a high degree of thermal insulation, good noise reduction.
Available in rolls or slabs, due to its light weight it is easy to transport and install on site. During operation, it does not lose its shape, does not shrink.
Popular brands: Rockwool, Technonikol, Isolight.
- density 35 - 40 kg / m3,
- thermal conductivity 0.036 - 0.041 W / (m * K),
- incombustible,
- water absorption 1 kg / sq.m,
- vapor permeability 0.3 mg / (m * h * Pa).
Glass wool
Mineral wool based on fiberglass is produced using a similar technology, by melting quartz sand or cullet. The material holds its shape well, retains heat, does not transmit sound, withstands temperatures up to 500 ° without burning. Also available in the form of slabs or rolls.
Popular brands are Ursa, Knauf.
- density 15 - 20 kg / m3,
- thermal conductivity 0.035 - 0.042 W / (m * K),
- incombustible,
- water absorption<1 кг/куб.м.
Polyurethane foam
Sprayed polyurethane foam insulation (PPU) is a liquid that, under certain conditions, enters into a chemical reaction, foams, then solidifies in the form of a porous solid material that forms an insulating layer.
The thermal insulation properties of polyurethane foam are high, it hermetically covers the entire surface to be treated, does not emit harmful substances after solidification, and sticks to any substrate.
For the application of sprayed two-component PU foam, special equipment is required. Some types of PU foam are available in easy-to-use aerosol cans, such as Polynor insulation. Working with this material is no more difficult than spraying polyurethane foam.
- density 60 - 80 kg / m3,
- thermal conductivity 0.023 - 0.032 W / (m * K),
- incombustible,
- water absorption 0.002 kg / m3
Expanded clay refers to bulk insulation - these are porous clay granules, light in weight and different in size. It has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, a high level of sound absorption, is absolutely environmentally friendly, non-combustible. It is often used to insulate attic and interfloor floors.
- density 300 - 500 kg / m3,
- thermal conductivity 0.09 - 0.1 W / (m * K),
- incombustible,
- water absorption 10 - 25%.
There are a number of heaters, the use of which as heat-insulating materials for the under-roof space is undesirable because of the unfavorable side effects:
Ecowool. Made from cellulose fiber, it is therefore highly flammable despite being treated with flame retardants. For its application, complex equipment is required, and during operation, over time, ecowool shrinks - it is compressed and loses its thermal insulation properties.
Sawdust - a natural product that is unsafe from a fire point of view: it ignites quickly and burns well. Sawdust is a favorable environment for the development of microorganisms in them, habitat for rodents and other small animals. Absorbing moisture well, they rot and mold, shrink, their thermal insulation properties gradually decrease.
Expanded polystyrene. This material is available in rigid slabs. It is undesirable to use expanded polystyrene for roof insulation, since when the temperature rises to 80 °, it emits life-threatening toxic substances. This material is used as insulation only for plaster or concrete-cement screed.
Comparison of the main characteristics of heaters
Work procedure
1. Installation of waterproofing film
When installing waterproofing, leave a gap of 4 - 6 cm between the film and the thermal insulation material. This is necessary for unobstructed air circulation, due to which moisture evaporates. To ensure the necessary ventilation gap, a counter-lattice of bars is stuffed onto the rafters.
The film is laid across the slope and fixed with staple staples with an overlap of 10 cm. The upper fragments are placed on the lower ones, and the seams are fastened with adhesive tape.
2. Laying thermal insulation
The thermal insulation material is measured and cut taking into account the distance between the rafters. The insulation is laid from the bottom up in a spacer between the rafters, this ensures reliable fixation and no gaps. The remains and surplus of insulation is not thrown away, but used for thermal insulation of hard-to-reach places.
3. Construction of a vapor barrier layer
When installing the film, it is important not to confuse the outer and inner surfaces, since the vapor barrier is designed in such a way that it does not allow moisture to pass into the material, but brings it out.
The vapor barrier is fixed with staples on the rafters. Overlap laying is done at least 10 cm both along and across the roof slopes, while the seams are fixed with a sealing self-adhesive tape.
The final stage is the installation of a counter-lattice, which serves as the basis for the interior decoration of the attic.
Frequent mistakes when installing insulation
Violation of the technology for installing heat insulators can lead to the following negative effects:
- the formation of "cold bridges" - occurs when the integrity of the "roofing pie" is violated (for example, the gaps between the insulation are not smeared with moisture-resistant mastic),
- the formation of many icicles on the cornice in winter - occurs when warm air from the room penetrates through the roof, which leads to melting of snow,
- increased heat loss, in comparison with the calculated one - occurs when laying damp heat-insulating materials or when carrying out work in high humidity.
There is a large number of roof insulation materials on the market. Choosing the right insulation will ensure a comfortable temperature in the house, no toxic emissions, and lower heating costs in winter and air conditioning in summer.
How to insulate the roof of a private house: the choice of material for insulation
Roof insulation technology for a private house: choice of material, scheme and procedure for installing insulation.
