What to make the floor waterproofing from. Floor waterproofing under the screed: types, technology and procedure for installing roll waterproofing in an apartment. Floor waterproofing

Any renovation should start with waterproofing the floor. This step will significantly increase the lifespan of the flooring and stabilize the humidity in the room.

What is the waterproofing of the floor for?

Floor waterproofing is a complex of special works that allow you to isolate the room from moisture penetration. However, the effect works in two directions. Firstly, competent waterproofing of the floor prevents moisture penetration into the room "from the bottom". This is true for private houses or apartments located on the ground floor. Excess moisture entering through the floor dramatically reduces the life of the floor covering. In addition, there is a real threat of the appearance of a fungus, and at the same time a putrid smell.

Secondly, waterproofing the floor protects the downstream premises from possible leaks. Despite the fact that this is a force majeure circumstance, no one is insured against a pipe break. And if this happens, then at least there will be no difficulties with neighbors from below. Of course, this item is more relevant for apartments in multi-storey buildings.

At the same time, waterproofing the floor makes it easier to control the humidity in the room. What is important for furniture household appliances, and in general the health of the residents.

Types of floor waterproofing

It is most convenient to divide the waterproofing of the floor according to the method of its organization. For this approach allows you to combine both the material used and the version of its application. And in this case, floor waterproofing is:

Coating;
Roll;
Cement.

Each of these types has advantages and disadvantages. Details below.

Coating waterproofing

All materials used for coating waterproofing floors are used in liquid form. Before, these were only bitumen-based products, now synthetic materials based on silicone have been added. In its pure form, bitumen is used for hot waterproofing.

With this type of work, it is necessary to heat the material to a melting point, approximately 140 ° C, and pour it onto the floors. This is a rather dangerous procedure and liquid bituminous mastics have been developed. Fillers are often added to them: rubber, plasticizers, emulsifiers, etc.

The same group includes such waterproofing agents as:

Liquid rubber;
Special paints and impregnating compounds;
Silicone coating.

Depending on the consistency of the material, a spatula, roller or brush is used to apply it when cold coating is applied. When working with molten bitumen, wooden spatulas with a long handle are used.

The common advantage of these materials is their ease of application. When working with a brush or roller, you don't notice corners or curved surfaces. Any unevenness or roughness of the base is processed without changing the technology. The cheapness of materials in this group is also a plus.

And the negative parameters of the coating waterproofing of the floor are the fragility of the coating service and its poor resistance to physical damage.

Subject to all working conditions, the coating will stand for 5-8 years. At the same time, it is necessary to provide reliable protection during operation. Therefore, on floors with a coating waterproofing, a cement-sand screed is almost always poured (alternatively, you can cover it with plywood sheets).

Work with the floor waterproofing coating is based on the following scheme:

Cleaning and leveling the base. On the surface there should be nothing extraneous, pieces of putty, paint, oil or grease stains. Perfect alignment is not required, but it is necessary to knock down the sharp edges of the protruding parts of the floor (pebbles, hardened concrete).
Base treatment with liquid waterproofing agents. IMPORTANT: it is necessary to process the vertical surface of the walls 15 cm from the floor... This will create a complete waterproofing and protect the corners. The thickness of the coating must be at least 3 mm.
Creation of protection over the waterproofing layer. To do this, either fill in a self-leveling screed, or cover the floors with sheets of plywood.

This method of waterproofing is most conveniently organized in rooms located on the ground floor. And also in cases where the room has a lot of protruding corners and other places with difficult access.

Roll waterproofing

In fact, almost all materials in this group are sheets of bitumen in rolls, 2-4 mm thick. Depending on the modifications, such materials can be reinforced with fiberglass, and also have basalt crumb dressing.

There is a small group of roll-on waterproofers that are based on polymers: polyethylene, polypropylene or PVC. These are simple films, laid in several layers and reinforced with fiberglass. It is allowed to use them for waterproofing the floor in rooms where the probability of spillage is minimal. They do not have the same stability and elasticity as bitumen roll materials.

Bitumen-based waterproofing rolls are glued both cold on mastic and hot on molten bitumen. At the same time, several layers of material are laid on the base, with an overlap of 10-15 cm. Each next layer is laid so that the middle of the upper roll falls on the joint of the lower one. It is imperative to overlap the walls, to a height of 15-20 cm.

The positive quality of roll floor waterproofing is the speed of work, low cost of material and high quality of protection. With sufficient experience, two specialists can process 350 m2 of floor in two layers in one day.

The negative aspects of roll waterproofing are low resistance to shock loads. This is especially true if the material cools below a certain temperature. For example, ordinary roofing felt, at temperatures below + 5 ° C, becomes quite prickly. And with a not strong impact, it can be broken like glass.

Manufacturers are struggling with this drawback by adding plasticizers to the material at the manufacturing stage. They increase the elasticity of roofing material at low temperatures. And nevertheless, when using roll materials for waterproofing the floor, it is necessary to organize a protective coating. Cement-sand screed is preferable to plywood flooring.

But at the same time, roll waterproofing is the best choice for rooms with high humidity, such as: bath, kitchen, sauna.

The work is structured as follows:

Surface cleaning;
Application of mastic or molten bitumen for one strip;
Unrolling and laying of roll material;
Repeat points 2 and 3 until the entire room has been completely processed;
Flooring 2 layers, according to points 2-4;
Organization of a screed to protect the waterproofing floor covering.

Cement waterproofing floor

It is the most tested, reliable and universal option waterproofing the floor. The only condition for guaranteed protection against leaks is the addition of water repellents and seals to the cement-sand mixture.

The screed made according to the recipe described below has practically no negative qualities. It is strong enough, absolutely does not allow water to pass through, and is a ready-made base for installing flooring.

The composition of the waterproofing screed:

Cement M400 - 2 parts;
River fine sand - 6 parts;
Water - 1 part;
Sealant - 1% (by weight of cement);
Water repellent - 0.2% (by weight of cement).

Calcium nitrate (calcium nitrate) serves as a sealant for the mixture. IMPORTANT: sodium, potassium and ammonium nitrate are not suitable! You can use liquid glass, but in this case, it is necessary to recalculate the concentration in terms of dry matter. Seals make the screed more dense and minimize the appearance of capillaries and cavities.

Water repellents prevent water from penetrating even into those pores on the screed that remain. They can be purchased separately, for example GKZH. Or use simple substances: sodium abietate or sodium oleate (available in the stores "Khimreaktivy").

The sequence of work is as follows:

Foundation preparation;
Preparation of the mixture;
Fill;
Alignment;
Aged for full maturation.

With the mixture prepared according to this recipe, it is necessary to work without delay. It sets quickly, open time, approximately 45-60 minutes.

Additionally, for safety net, one day after pouring the screed, it can be ironed.

For this, the surface is slightly moistened and powdered with cement. Then, the cement is rubbed into the surface with grouts.

This procedure increases the concentration of cement in the surface layer, and makes it even more dense and monolithic.

IN reliable protection everyone needs high humidity structural elements houses or apartments, and floors as well. If the apartment is located above a damp basement, moisture gradually destroys the concrete of the floors. In the logs and boards of a wooden floor, a fungus develops from high humidity and rotting begins. Even in an apartment of a high-rise building on the middle floor, when moisture penetrates through the cracks at the joints of the floor and walls, parquet, laminate or carpet will lose their appearance and may become unusable. To these objective "accidents" are added subjective leaks due to one's own and negligence and "floods" from neighbors, primarily flooding the floors. High-quality waterproofing of the floor is the most reliable way not to face the listed troubles and the annoying smell of dampness in your home.

Depending on the purpose and operating conditions, the premises are used various materials for waterproofing floors, which, by creating a dense waterproof and water-repellent layer on the surface or penetrating inside, protect it from destruction and decay.

According to the field of application, all types of waterproofing are divided into two large groups:

for outdoor work;
for interior work.

According to the main water-repellent component in the composition, waterproofing is:

bituminous;
based on mineral components;
polymer;
bitumen-polymer.

According to the method of application on the surface, the following main types of waterproofing materials are distinguished:

roll;
film;
penetrating;
membrane;
painting;
lining;
coating;
powder;
plastering.

If the floor is waterproofed in an apartment or in a private house, they provide the best effect, and therefore the following materials are the most popular.

Roll and film materials

The most familiar and popular representatives of this extensive group of waterproofers in the last century are roofing felt, roofing felt and glass roofing material. They have been and continue to be used for moisture isolation of foundations, roofs and floors. They are cardboard or fiberglass impregnated with a mixture of bitumen and basalt chips.

Modern roll-up waterproofing of the floor is represented by polymeric multilayer membranes, which, as a rule, combine not only waterproofing, but also thermal insulation properties.

Self-adhesive roll-up waterproofing can be quickly installed, easily attached to the base

Film waterproofing - these are polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride films produced in rolls, which are most often used if waterproofing of a concrete floor is required before creating a dry or cement-sand screed.

Floor waterproofing mastics

This is the second most popular group of waterproofing materials - plastic adhesives based on bitumen, liquid rubber, polymers, resins, plasticizers and other additives. In residential premises, floor waterproofing mastic is used to create a waterproof layer, as well as to process joints and seams in the bathroom, toilet, kitchen, sauna, pool. Waterproofing mastics are of the hot and cold type.

Floor waterproofing mastic forms a dense waterproof surface, fills all pores and cracks

Liquid water repellent materials

A broad group of waterproofing materials, which includes primers, varnishes, paints, impregnations, injectable compounds for topical use, and many other liquid waterproof and water-repellent materials of various viscosities. Such a newest liquid waterproofing floors, such as Penetron, are applied to the surface and, penetrating into the pores of the material, dry out in the form of a waterproof, but air-permeable crystal. Other flowable materials create a thin but durable water-repellent film on wood or concrete floor surfaces.

Powder materials for waterproofing

They are represented on the construction market by a huge assortment of dry mixes based on different proportions of cement, glue, binding components and plasticizers. Immediately before applying to the surface in the dry mixture, it is enough just to add water according to the instructions and waterproofing the floor with your own hands will not be a problem even for a beginner in construction. Powder mixtures are used to create concrete screeds, a waterproof layer on the floor and walls of swimming pools and basements.

Floor waterproofing methods

There are several ways to waterproof the floor, but they all obey one general rule continuity.

It is important to remember:

At the joints of the floor with walls or other structures protruding above the surface, the waterproofing layer should, without interruption, rise to a height of at least 30 cm above the floor level.

Applying liquid waterproofing

This method of waterproofing the floor surface, depending on the composition and consistency of the material, is of two types:

cast waterproofing;
impregnating waterproofing.

Cast waterproofing is the application of polymer or asphalt (bitumen) solutions to the floor surface, which, when solidified, form an even waterproof film. Bituminous mastics or solutions are heated to a temperature of 120-140 ° C, poured onto a previously cleaned floor and leveled with a wide spatula in an even layer.

The cast waterproofing method is used only for the treatment of rigid monolithic bases before pouring a cement-sand screed. The waterproofing material is applied in several layers, which, if necessary, reinforce metal mesh or fiberglass. As a result, the thickness of the waterproof film should be 5-15 cm.

Application of liquid waterproofing material using a spray, it is possible to apply the composition with a brush

Impregnating liquid waterproofing of a floor in an apartment consists in spraying with the help of special equipment or in applying liquid polymer impregnations and primers with an ordinary brush. These materials saturate the base of the floor to a certain depth, or solidify on its surface, forming a monolithic seamless waterproof membrane.

Surface painting and coating

Unlike cast, which involves working with heated bituminous mastics, coating and painting waterproofing of the floor is carried out when the base is treated with "cold" polymer and rubber-epoxy or "hot" bitumen-polymer mastics, as well as paints and varnishes. Depending on the viscosity of the composition, it is applied to the surface with a spatula, roller or ordinary paint brush.

A common feature of all options for coating and painting waterproofing is to obtain a sufficiently thin, about 2-3 mm thick, waterproof layer on the floor surface, which, moreover, is an effective anti-corrosion and antifungal protection. True, the service life of this type of waterproofing does not exceed 5 years.

Use of pasting materials

As the name implies, this type of waterproofing involves laying roll and sheet waterproof materials, glued in layers on a previously cleaned and primed floor base. There are three ways of gluing waterproofing:

Simple flooring on a surface for any material or floor structure with a joint or independent fastening method: under a cement or dry screed, under plywood or other subfloors, etc.
Fusing roll material onto the surface of the floor base using a gas burner is a fire hazardous method that requires strict adherence to fire safety standards.
Gluing roll waterproofing to the subfloor using special adhesives and mastics.

Many modern species roll film waterproofing are produced with their own adhesive layers, which simplifies their installation. If mastics on a bitumen-polymer base are used for gluing layers of rolled waterproofing, they are selected so that their melting point is 20-25 ° higher than the characteristic for the room itself. high temperature air.

Glued wooden floor waterproofing works well in the floor cake, both with dry and wet screed

All types of glued waterproofing are very sensitive to shear and tensile loads, and therefore it is recommended to use it when protecting rigid structures made of brick, reinforced concrete or concrete from excess moisture.

Plaster: methods of execution

A well-known, environmentally friendly, fairly effective and easy-to-implement method of waterproofing using a variety of dry mixtures based on cement with the addition of binders, mineral and polymer additives. One of the main advantages of plaster waterproofing is that a cement-based plastic mortar fills well any irregularities, cracks and cracks in the base, and it can be applied in one or several layers with a spatula or brush on any surface: concrete, stone, wood, tiles and even over paint.

Backfill waterproofing, in which bulk waterproofing materials are poured onto the treated surface in an even layer and, absorbing moisture, form a durable waterproof layer, can also be considered a type of plaster.

It takes about 14 days for the plaster waterproofing to harden, and at this time it should not be allowed to dry out. During the first days after application, the fresh waterproofing layer is moistened with a sprayer every three hours, and then twice a week.

DIY Handbook

When choosing a material and a method for waterproofing the floor, you should take into account the individual characteristics of the operation of the room:

high humidity and the presence of a stationary plumbing equipment in the bathroom, toilet or pool;
the presence of a heating system "warm floor";
aggressive atmospheric impact on the balcony.

Underfloor heating waterproofing

In addition to protection against high humidity, waterproofing of a warm floor must also provide reliable anti-corrosion protection of the main working elements of the heating system - electric mats or a pipe system.

Waterproofing "warm floors" not only creates a waterproof layer, but also protects the elements from corrosion

Before pouring the screed, the base of the warm floor is waterproofed using either mastics or roll materials, treating the seams and overlaps of the insulating material on the walls with bitumen mastic. An alternative device for waterproofing a floor with a built-in heating system is a coating waterproofing base using traditional bitumen, bitumen-polymer or cement-polymer mastics. A cement-sand screed is poured onto the frozen waterproofing layer for laying the finishing flooring.

Balcony floor waterproofing

Unglazed balconies and open terraces are subject to sudden changes in temperature and humidity, scorching heat, frost, fog, showers and snowfalls, and therefore waterproofing the balcony floor is a necessary measure that will reliably protect the balcony slab and others from destruction bearing structures.

Video: waterproofing in the bathroom

The floor in rooms with a consistently high level of moisture, where water leaks from the water supply system are possible, it is recommended to be equipped with a waterproofing layer:

The process of arranging high-quality waterproofing of floors in any residential premises does not require special special skills, and an extremely simple technology for laying most modern materials makes this work enjoyable. The main condition for the durability and effectiveness of floor protection against high humidity is right choice material.

Creation of high-quality waterproofing in own home (private) - this is one of the most important stages in the arrangement of floors. The article will talk about what kind of waterproofing of the subfloor and how it should be applied so that the room is protected from the influence of such dangerous moisture.

The essence and the initial stage of the device of the waterproofing layer

The safety of most of the materials included in the construction of floor slabs depends on how well the waterproofing is made. Particular attention should be paid to those cases when the floor is waterproofed in a wooden house, since wood does not tolerate moisture well.

Also, the effectiveness of thermal insulation materials and the safety of various coatings from the formation of fungus or mold on them depend on the quality of waterproofing. Naturally, in the photo and with visual inspection such formations will not be visible, but in the end they will manifest themselves with various odors, dampness inside the room, etc.

Frame houses have a rather complex floor structure, therefore preparatory work must be done before laying waterproofing materials.

These are the following stages:

Creation of high-quality insulation of the foundation.
Arrangement effective ventilation floor structures.
Laying a high-quality hydro and vapor barrier layer on the ground floor of the house.

When choosing a waterproofing material, the following features must be considered:

the use of flammable materials in combination with wood floors;
the material must be sized so that there is a ventilation gap between the sub-base and the floor covering;
only insulators made of water-repellent materials can be laid on the rough concrete floor: roofing material, polyethylene, etc.;
if the floor is waterproofed or wood flooring, it is best to use liquid water-repellent mixtures with an antiseptic effect.

When the waterproofing is laid, it is necessary to carry out maximum processing in the rooms under which the basement is located: a basement, a basement or a bathhouse.

The maximum effect of moisture is on the basement. In this case, first of all, waterproofing is arranged on the basement floor in order to maximally protect the first floor of the house from moisture penetration, followed by a negative effect on the floors.

Selection of waterproofing materials

It is necessary to choose high-quality waterproofing materials taking into account the following factors:

Indoor humidity mode.
The presence of underground levels.
Sub-floor type (wood, concrete).
The type of insulators used (for a rough base or topcoat).

There are situations when waterproofing and vapor barrier materials must be selected based on which heat insulator is used. There are varieties of it that lose their effectiveness when interacting with moisture. Accordingly, the heat-insulating layer of such material must be reliably protected from moisture.

One of the following materials can be used as waterproofing:

paints;
mastics;
insulating fillings;
filling;
roll.

Before buying, it is necessary to determine all the advantages and disadvantages of the above materials, and therefore each of these options will be considered further.

Waterproofing paints

Such paints are mixtures of bitumen and polymer components that impart water-repellent properties. Such compositions should be applied with a brush and in several layers. Thus, a high-quality moisture-proof layer will be obtained with wood. Also, similar paints can be applied to the screed.

You can start painting with a waterproofing compound only after carrying out the following procedures:

Sanding wood floors.
Cleaning floors from dust and dirt.
Drying of wooden parts.
Thorough processing of hard-to-reach areas (joints of the frame from the logs with the walls) with waterproofing varnishes.
Painting the rough base.

Moisture repellent mastics

The processing of the rough base will not give guaranteed protection against moisture if the technological steps were not followed during the application of the selected material or composition. It is best to entrust the work of laying heat, hydro and vapor barrier layers to professionals. Naturally, such work can be done independently. Then, after high-quality processing, you can apply a moisture-repellent mastic.

The main advantages of such formulations:

the possibility of applying even to not completely dried out areas of overlap;
increased flexibility and strength of the applied layer after drying;
service life from 10 years;
the possibility of applying mastic in the form of paint or aerosol.

Also, liquid mastic can be used in combination with a rough base, leveled with a screed. The resistance of such compositions to temperature extremes makes it possible to provide protection for such floors even at very low temperatures.

Insulating fillings

These compositions have not only good moisture-insulating characteristics, but also allow you to level the residual unevenness of the base. In their production, bit and asphalt concrete is used.

Filling is done as follows:

At the beginning, the subfloor is cleaned.
Any small cracks, chips and other defects are sealed with putty.
Then the surface is treated with several layers of soil mixture.
The filling composition itself is also applied in 2-3 layers. Priority should be followed, i.e. after the first application, you must wait until the layer is dry, and then apply the next one.
It is necessary to evenly distribute the mixture on the floor using a roller with needles.
The total thickness of the poured layer should be about 2.5 centimeters.

Such waterproofing can only be carried out over floors with concrete screed... It is impossible to pour on "floating" floors, since the filled layer will crack when the surface fluctuates. As a result, the surface coating is deformed, which will look terrible in the photo and upon visual inspection. The floors will have to be restored immediately, since they cannot be used.

Backfill insulators

Bulk materials are usually a mixture of bentonite and water-repellent granules. In fact, it is an alternative to insulating wool. This coating has a minimum level of moisture absorption and excellent thermal insulation characteristics. Sometimes a loose insulator is used not only to protect against moisture, but also as a heater.

You should be aware of the following nuances before starting work on filling the insulator:

The preliminary finishing of the subfloor is carried out only with bentonites filled with water. Such a connection will lead to the formation of a kind of liquid waterproof gel-like layer.
The resulting moisture-repellent material is poured over the rough base.
Freezing takes place in a few days.

The advantage of this technology is that the material can also be poured in wooden houses between the logs at the base. The thickness of the layer can correspond to the level of the lag.

Roll insulators

In roll form, the strongest and hardest materials are usually sold with a low degree of moisture absorption. As a basis for such material are used: bitumen, glass fiber or fabric, polyethylene. Modern manufacturers are replacing bitumen with synthetic materials to eliminate bad smell cover.

The laying method led to the formation of the following types of roll-on waterproofers:

Self-adhesive. They are pre-equipped with an adhesive layer, therefore they are simply stacked on a prepared rough base.
Warming up. Heating such a material makes it more plastic and increases its adhesion to the substrate, i.e. you can glue it without using aids.
Used in combination with adhesive mixture.

Features of vapor barrier in a frame house

The vapor barrier layer is not a simple film, but a whole system for protecting the insulation from excessive moisture. The problem is that wet insulation loses its positive traits... This can be avoided only by laying a high-quality vapor barrier layer, which will protect the floors from moisture condensation in their thickness. Thinking about how to insulate the floor in a wooden house from below, consider these nuances.

Installation of a vapor barrier layer

Features of the location of the vapor barrier layer:

Double-sided materials are laid in the thickness of the overlap with the smooth side inward. The rough surface turns upward against water vapor (read also: "").
The polypropylene one-sided material is laid in the same way with the smooth side inward.
Foil films are fixed with the reflective side towards the room in order to enhance the heat saving effect. This material is especially appreciated in cases where a floor heating system will be located on top of the vapor barrier layer.

Thus, the correct floor design should look like this:

lag frame;
sub-floor boardwalk;
waterproofing layer;
thermal insulation layer;
vapor barrier layer;
ventilation opening;
fine flooring.

Wooden houses can be built on any basis, except for brick posts. Initial work before the installation of insulating layers is as follows:

The rough base is cleaned with the replacement of rotten or deformed logs (read also: "").
All wood structural elements are treated with an antiseptic.
Log walls and base are separated by means of a waterproofing bituminous mastic.
It is possible to reduce the loss of heat energy by laying under the joists on the base of the expanded polystyrene plates.
To prevent moisture from accumulating on the basement floor, it is necessary to create ventilation holes.

Outcome

From the above, we can conclude that the waterproofing layer is very important and not as easy to install as it might seem. The floor will be reliably protected from moisture only when effective waterproofing materials are used.

It is important to follow the installation instructions given in order to give a guaranteed result. You can always contact specialists who will take responsibility for all stages of work - from procurement necessary materials before laying each layer and putting the floors into operation.

Floor waterproofing is a moisture protection of interfloor floors. indoor spaces... After all, excess water negatively affects floors and partitions. Leads to the appearance of fungi and mold, corrosion. This, in turn, significantly reduces their service life. In this article, we will look at ways to waterproof your floor, their advantages and disadvantages.

Features of waterproofing the floor in the apartment.

To cover the floor with roll insulation, first it is necessary to minimize the amount of voids between the material and the concrete floor. Suitable option a special leveling solution will be used.

To clean it from dirt, dust and ensure the greatest adhesion, the floor should be primed. The mixture should be diluted with water and carefully poured onto the surface, then the material should be processed with a needle roller to prevent the formation of bubbles inside the layer.

To work with polymer mastic, it is necessary to use fiberglass, polyisobutylene or polyvinyl chloride film. And for bitumen mastic, materials containing bitumen are chosen.

A bitumen emulsion is applied to a previously prepared dry floor. To protect your home from the release of harmful impurities into the environment, such a solution is diluted with water. For better adhesion, a primer is applied to the emulsion itself.

On an incompletely dried primer layer, we mount the corners and joints, which are sunk into the material with slight pressure, and a second layer of primer is applied on top.

After this primer layer, roll insulation is applied. We advise you to choose a material in the form of a self-adhesive carpet, it is simply placed on the surface and pressed against it.

It is much more difficult to work with ordinary roll materials, here you will need: a building hair dryer and burners. With these tools, the material is heated from the back and quickly pressed to the floor.

Overlaps should be handled especially carefully. Be sure to leave about 30 cm of overlap on the walls.

After the material has completely dried, you can proceed to the floor screed.

The simplest and most commonly used method of waterproofing is a coating material. The main advantage: no preliminary leveling of the floor is required, and no special expensive professional tools are required.

Before starting work, you need to clean the work surface, prime it, for a higher quality of such work, all joints and corners are treated with sealing tape.

Next, we dilute the powder until a thick mastic is formed, the main thing is to gradually introduce the powder into water, then it will not be difficult to prepare the desired consistency.

The resulting mastic is applied with a brush on the floor and on the lower part of the wall, rubbed in so that puddles do not form.

After the first layer dries, it is moistened and then the second, third, and so on up to five layers are applied.

What else are waterproofing

The most practical and reliable waterproofing is bulk. Differs in high cost, but the price justifies the quality.

Also positive properties possesses liquid waterproofing, their main advantages are low price, high wear resistance, it is easy to apply both on the floor and on the walls, on the screed and under it.

What kind of waterproofing to choose is a private matter for each owner of his house, the choice of material is influenced by which room is to be waterproofed, the price of the material, and who will do the work, a beginner or a professional.

But in any case, waterproofing is simply necessary in every house, it provides a comfortable and high-quality living, protects the house from fungi, mold bacteria and, in the event of a flood, from repairing a neighboring apartment.

Concrete flooring, along with other types of flooring, needs waterproofing. Concrete itself has some water resistance, but with prolonged contact with moisture, it begins to deteriorate, and unprotected joints between the floor and the wall can provoke a number of serious problems.

Both traditional and more modern methods are used to waterproof concrete floors. Consider the technologies for their application, and analyze the features of floor protection, depending on the type of room.

The need to waterproof the concrete floor

Concrete floors are often used in the arrangement of residential and non-residential premises. They are a good basis for laying all kinds of floor coverings: linoleum, laminate, parquet.

Concrete is a hygroscopic material that gradually absorbs moisture. In order to protect expensive floor coverings from contact with moisture, a layer of protective barrier is installed over the concrete floor (in front of the screed). Waterproofing material prevents contact finishing materials with water vapor.

On the first floors of industrial buildings and basements, a layer of waterproofing should be laid on top of a sandy, well-tamped pillow.

Waterproofing a concrete floor significantly reduces the risk of a number of problems, namely:

Concrete floor protection materials and specificity of their application

There are various ways to waterproof a concrete floor. Price, application technology, service life and specifications the protective layer depends on the material used.

Roll waterproofing. The most common method that uses bitumen-based roll materials. They are of two types: floating and self-adhesive.

The advantages of floating materials, such as roofing felt, include their durability and affordability. However, they also have significant disadvantages:

the need to use a gasoline or gas burner during installation, which is not always convenient and acceptable (especially in small rooms);
when heated, an unpleasant odor and harmful smoke are emitted;
laying roofing material requires the subsequent pouring of an additional screed - this increases the load on the foundation and reduces the height of the ceilings.

A worthy alternative to traditional roofing material is roll materials on an adhesive basis. They are more convenient to lay and create a high level of moisture protection.

Waterproofing coating. This method is gradually replacing roll waterproofing. Various bitumen-polymer, cement-polymer and bitumen-rubber mastics are used. Thanks to the plasticizers and special fillers contained in the mastics, the waterproofing layer is durable and elastic.

Some manufacturers add ingredients to prevent mold and mildew growth.

Before applying the mastic, it is advisable to treat the floor with a special primer - this will increase the adhesion of the waterproofing layer to the concrete base

Often the protective mastic is sold complete with a primer (their composition must have the same main component).

The main advantages of coating waterproofing are cost-effectiveness and ease of application of the material.

Cement-polymer mastic can be laid on a reinforcing mesh, resulting in a layer of waterproofing and a screed at the same time

Penetrating waterproofing can be used as an additional or primary measure of protection for a concrete floor. There are the following subgroups of penetrating waterproofing:

Concreting - allows you to increase the density, strength and frost resistance of the material. They are used as an additive in the manufacture of waterproof concrete structures or to create a protective reinforcing layer.
Polymer cement - can be used for processing concrete, wood and brick floors. The material is characterized by high adhesion to the surface, environmentally friendly and easy to use.
Cement inorganic waterproofing is used for the treatment of concrete floors and walls (relevant for swimming pools, baths, bathrooms).

Ceramic tiles can be laid on a layer of penetrating waterproofing

Backfill waterproofing It is used to protect the foundation or floor in damp rooms. Bulk material is poured into the previously constructed formwork. As a filler, you can use: perlite sand, ash, mineral wool, bentonite (turns into a waterproof gel when moistened).

Backfill waterproofing is reliable, has a long service life, but its installation is a rather laborious and expensive process.

Features of waterproofing concrete floor in different rooms

Protecting concrete floors in the home and bathroom

When waterproofing the floor in the living rooms of a house or apartment, painting or coating technology is used. This will be enough to provide the floor covering, and the room as a whole, protection from excess moisture.

Waterproof paint can be applied to the floor surface, which contains polymers that can clog concrete pores. To increase the effectiveness of the waterproofing layer, it is advisable to apply the paint in 2-3 layers.

Waterproofing work must be carried out in a well-ventilated area, as the paint has a strong odor

Since the bathroom is a place with high humidity and a high risk of leaks, it is better to use gluing or coating waterproofing - it is more durable and reliable.

Self-adhesive roll material, bituminous or synthetic mastics are well suited for such work.

A video of waterproofing a concrete floor in a bathroom is presented below

Waterproofing the floor in the garage and basement

Especially carefully it is necessary to waterproof the concrete floor in the garage, since a constant excess of moisture can lead to decay and damage to vehicles. Ventilation will help to postpone the negative consequences, but not for long.

Types of concrete floor waterproofing:

device on the ground;
overlap device.

Waterproofing on the ground is carried out at the time of arranging the base under the floors. A roll material (polymer membrane, bituminous roofing material or polyethylene, about 1 mm thick) is suitable for work. When laying out the material, the overlap on the walls should be at least 10 cm. The waterproofing layer should lie flat, without the formation of "waves" and breaks.

When arranging the floor in the garage above the basement (over the floor), a layer of roofing material or bitumen mastic can be used as protection. However, if the plans include the manufacture of a viewing hole in the garage, then there will be no sense from such waterproofing.

If there is a basement in the garage, the only sure way is to waterproof the concrete floor in the basement itself.

There are three types of basement floor waterproofing:

anti-capillary - protection of the floor from capillary water;
gravity - protection against floods and rains;
anti-pressure - protection against groundwater.

You can perform high-quality waterproofing of the floor different ways... One of the most reliable is the "pie" laying, in which the floor level rises to a height of about 50 cm.

The sequence of laying the layers is as follows:

crushed stone (layer thickness - about 2 cm);
oily clay;
a thin layer of concrete;
a layer of waterproofing mastic;
roll waterproofing (2 layers in a row);
a thin layer of concrete;
reinforced concrete screed.

It is not recommended to use membranes and films for waterproofing the concrete floor in the basement - they are not able to withstand friction against the foundation during seasonal soil displacement, and will not cope with pressurized groundwater

Concrete floor protection in a bath

Some people believe that it is not necessary to waterproof the concrete floor in the bath, since the air temperature is very high and the humidity will evaporate by itself. However, it is not. Very often, due to improperly executed penetrating waterproofing of concrete, the floor in the bath does not warm up. In addition to discomfort, this can lead to destruction of the floor covering.

To protect the concrete floor from excess moisture, penetrating waterproofing can be used. To do this, it is necessary to clean the floor surface well, level it, prime it and cover it with a cement, polymer-cement or concreting waterproofing compound.

Properly executed waterproofing of the concrete floor in the bath will protect the elements of the structure from premature destruction and improve the microclimate in the steam room.

Do-it-yourself concrete floor waterproofing

Preparatory stage

To carry out waterproofing work, you must first prepare the room, namely:

Coating technology with roll materials

For roll waterproofing, the evenness of the surface is very important, therefore, before work, it is necessary to check again that the gap between the level and the floor does not exceed 2 cm.

The sequence of work is as follows:

When laying out the waterproofing material, it is necessary to ensure that the overlap between the canvases is at least 1 cm

If during laying the roll "left" to the side, it must be cut and the direction should be aligned with a new cut of the web. When a bubble forms, it is cut, air is released, re-smeared with mastic and glued to concrete base... The restored area of \u200b\u200bthe swelling must be smoothed out with a spatula.

Seamless waterproofing technology (coating)

Independently and in a short time, you can make a coating waterproofing of a concrete floor. The technology of applying mastics does not require a perfectly flat surface - it is enough to sweep or vacuum the floor. Wet frills are undesirable.

The procedure for applying waterproofing mastic:

During drying, moisture, dust and foreign objects must not get on the waterproofing layer.

On dried waterproofing, you can lay flooring: tiles, porcelain stoneware, linoleum, etc.

As you can see, you can protect the concrete floor from moisture on your own, the main thing is to choose the right waterproofing material and adhere to the technology of its installation.

What to make the floor waterproofing from. Floor waterproofing under the screed: types, technology and procedure for installing roll waterproofing in an apartment. Floor waterproofing - what types exist