Do-it-yourself mansard roof - drawings. Construction of a mansard roof: differences in rafter systems, installation stages, photo Drawings of a rafter system

Creating an attic - a popular type of room - with your own hands today is not difficult. Let's look at all the stages of construction, as well as the pros and cons of this design.

Features:

Home is a place where we would like to surround ourselves with comfort, have the opportunity to relax with our family and work. Sometimes this becomes impossible due to the lack of square meters. How to make your home spacious and comfortable? Construction technologies have made great strides forward - resources have appeared that allow you to expand the occupied areas with your own hands through extensions. But if there is not enough land, then the attic will be the most successful option!

Currently it is a fashionable design for private houses. Back in the 17th century, the attic was conceived as a way to expand housing for the poor. And thanks to the French architect Mansard, converting roofs into residential apartments has become very popular among the wealthy. From here, by the way, came the name - attic.

Many ask the question: "Attic or additional floor?" It should be clarified right away that these are two different things. Before choosing one or another option, weigh all the pros and cons, the pros and cons, take into account the purpose of your home (summer residence or permanent place of residence), your marital status, and budget. It will be much more economical to build an attic than a full-fledged second floor.

In this article, we will show you how to significantly transform the usable area when minimum investment... And you can cope with the implementation of all the necessary activities on your own.

Installation and arrangement of the attic, the façade of which is fully or partially formed by the surface of a sloping roof, is a vast scope for imagination and creativity. So much space shouldn't be wasted! This will be a great studio, study or storage space for unnecessary things. But isn't it too wasteful to turn precious square meters into a warehouse?

Usually attic spaces are provided for children who like to be placed on high levels, and in addition, low beams for adults often cause some inconvenience. This is the last floor, and the higher, the better the view, no doubt. The presence of pipes, the neighborhood with the roof, a remote balcony, a sloping ceiling - all this will become a stylish tool for creating an architectural design.

An objective assessment of the specifics and knowledge of the constructive qualities of this type of superstructure give a chance that everything will turn out as well as possible, the load-bearing walls and foundation of the house will not be damaged, and the dwelling will last for a long time. Believe me, the attic is very useful thing!

The most successful solution is a frame attic. Before you start developing your superstructure plan, you must ensure that the lower floor can handle the additional load. After all, every person who comes across a building knows that the main building is located on supporting structure, which is calculated based on the total mass of the structure. Therefore, at the beginning of construction, it is necessary to make the necessary calculations, as well as check the foundation, whether there are cracks or any destruction on it. If necessary, the base will need to be strengthened. At this stage, it is best to turn to professionals.

Based on how the roof is arranged, the appearance of the attic may vary.As a rule, the attic occupies the entire upper floor, although sometimes there are options located on one side of the longitudinal axis of the building. It is rare to see attics extending beyond the lower structures.

Most often, the roof is gable or broken. A more complex type of gable configuration is popular: the roof consists, as it were, of two planes. But we will discuss each of them in more detail a little later. Windows, large or small, located on the ceiling, let in many times more light than ordinary windows in rooms on the lower floors.

When choosing a roofing, observe harmony so as not to disturb the combination of shape attic floor and roofs.

You can also immediately insulate the room with SIP panels. As a result, you will get a lightweight structure, which consists of more than 50% of lightweight polystyrene foam, therefore, does not create a load on walls and floors.

There are several design considerations that cannot be ignored.

• take seriously the insulation, which should be strengthened, because it is the roof that often "suffers" from frequent and sometimes strong temperature changes;
• it is important to make waterproofing conscientiously so that over time the insulation does not get wet;
• proper ventilation must be provided between the thermal insulation layer and the roof.

Options truss structure must be due to the further construction of thermal insulation, which is placed between the timber rafters and has a thickness of at least 20 cm.The rafters must be at least 25 by 25 cm.

The main indicators of wood that are important for the construction of the system are resistance to bending and compression, the required density and moisture.

Wooden rafters, in turn, require treatment with antiseptics or fire-retardant structures and must have fire resistance limits.

Designers advise leaving the attic space intact. Nevertheless, if it becomes necessary to separate rooms, then it is better to erect partitions with the help of drywall.

Consider also the disadvantages of this type of adjustment:

• due to a sloping roof, unlike a conventional floor, the size of the attic area will be smaller;
• the height must be optimal, otherwise there will be problems with closing / opening the doors;
• psychological factor: sometimes it seems to people that there is not enough air, every time they want to bend down, a person may feel discomfort;
• regardless of the type of roof covering and even the correct installation of sound insulation, sounds from the rain will penetrate into the room;
• it is important to correctly think over the heating system;
• the stairs leading to the attic may be too steep and therefore unsafe.

Design options and materials

Using the advice of experts, carefully develop the future project of the attic space. After that, prepare the design of the attic, since this is not just a certain number of square meters, but the individuality of the facade is the pride of the building. The external appearance and interior depend on the methods of covering and materials for the roof.

There are several types of roofing.

Shed

The simplest option, which is a sloping area, fixed on load-bearing walls. Advantages: ease of calculations and installation works, due to its low weight, it is suitable for buildings on simplified type foundations. Disadvantages: not the most attractive appearance, sensitivity to stress (snow).

Gable

One of the most common options. Such a structure consists of two opposite slopes, lying on the supporting walls of the building and connected at the top with a ridge. Material investments in a gable roof are quite small, while it looks aesthetically attractive. The device of a gable roof includes: rafters, lathing, inclined planes, Mauerlat, horizontal ribs, ridge, valleys, overhangs.

Broken line

The sloped roof structure is a subspecies of a gable roof, but with a more complex configuration. Due to the shape and the presence of broken lines, this name came about. Such a roof gives the house solidity and solidity.

Four-slope or hip

One of the strongest and most resistant to strong winds and leaks during precipitation of roofing systems, where instead of gables, two triangular slopes are installed. Complex installation is a minus of this design: it requires accuracy in calculations rafter system and installation of the frame. For this reason, design is usually trusted by professionals.

Multi-pliers

Among all the structures, the most complex, but at the same time the most interesting is the multi-pliers. It is characterized by the presence of several gables (3 or more). A big plus is the ability to cover several rooms with one level. But in general, this type of attic works primarily for architectural style and design.

At the same time, the attic part is divided into two types. She may be:

• single-level - a fairly practical version in execution, which does not require complex development and serious calculations;
• two-level - this is a complex building in construction, the project of which is created immediately together with the house.

Current building technologies allow you to make different types of balconies in the attic. To select the desired structure, you should consider the design features of the lower floor. It does not matter if the balcony was previously included in the plan, it can be made at the end of all stages of construction.

Most good option location - from the end. In this case, the balcony will resemble a loggia. It is erected together with the attic, which allows using part of the roof as a canopy, and the floor overlap as a floor.

Another type of construction is an option when the balcony is located in the roof part. At the stage of roof overlap, part of the structure is left uncovered so that a balcony can be equipped there.

Drawings and calculation

The main parameter when planning an attic floor is the level of the ceiling, the optimal height of which should be at least 2.5 m. Make a drawing before direct construction, evaluate everything and indicate the exact calculations so that everything can be built accurately. The most ideal option is a sloping gable roof, but then as many bearing supports should be installed as possible for sufficient reliability, since this type of roof increases the pressure on the walls.

Do not forget to include the ventilation system in your calculations, as well as windows and pipes stove heating, if any.

The height of the superstructure itself has no limit, but the lower ends must be at least 90 cm.

The plan should contain all information about the features of the shape, geometric dimensions and slope angles of the slopes.

After the exact calculation of the roof truss system has been completed, all the necessary materials should be purchased and the roof prepared. Only after that, you can start building.

Stages of making an attic with your own hands

It is very important to choose the design and style of the interior at the initial stage, as well as to decide on the materials for finishing. You should listen to the opinion professional designers, who advise using only high-quality raw materials. We will tell you step by step about all stages of construction.

Roof

So, the first stage is the development of a project for a new future roof in the old room. It does not matter whether it is single-slope, gable or broken, without any doubt the appearance of the result will directly depend on the structural properties of the roof, as well as the raw materials used. Make the diagram in different perspectives to better understand how to place the elements of the rafter system. It is most important to accurately calculate the height of the ridge of the roof, because the size of the area under it depends on it.

We take the height of the ridge approximately 3.5 m - with an independent construction of the frame, which allows you to straighten up to its full height.

It is important to remember that in order to build a frame with your own hands, you must know about the existence of two types of rafter systems: inclined and hanging. They differ in the method of fastening the nodes to the walls.

In houses where there is no load-bearing wall, the mechanism of hanging rafters will be used, which will only hold on the walls of the house and will be connected with nails or screws using corner overlays. In this case, the width of a single-span building, where this type of rafters is supposed to be, cannot exceed 6 m. If the parameters of the house are greater, for example, when the width of the span exceeds 9 m, then more struts have to be made.

In two-span houses, where there is only a middle retaining wall, layered rafters are made. In this case, three points of the base (two on the outer walls of the house and one on the inner) depend on the width of the building: more than 10 m - one support, and with a width of about 15 m, two supports will be needed. The rafters are attached to each other using corner plates. The lathing itself is made from slats or boards.

Steam and thermal insulation are key steps in creating an attic. A membrane-type film is laid on top of the lathing, which protects against moisture penetration, and glass wool is laid on the inside for insulation.

The next stage is the installation of the roof, interior processing and design of walls and partitions, as well as the installation of windows.

As we have already mentioned above, the most successful will be the use of metal tiles or corrugated board as a material for the roof.

Floors

First, take care of sound and thermal insulation from the floor below. There are several ways to accomplish this task: backfilling expanded clay or laying slabs from mineral wool... Both methods involve protection from moisture with hydraulic films. Also pay attention to the wood flooring. Here, insulation is performed with bandaging the seams of the insulation and beams.

Choose a floor covering according to your taste. It can be ceramic, parquet or laminate.

Window

Loft windows are a tedious process, though worth it, so consider if you can do it alone. In fact, they are not particularly different from the front ones, but there is one serious difference - a special type of opening. In addition, during installation, you will have to disassemble the metal tile, while trying to maintain the waterproofing. But this is not scary, because it is thanks to the windows that the room becomes much brighter and more spacious!

It is very important to know that with irregular clearing of snow and ice, the window can be exposed to temperature changes, so it is important to select models in accordance with the climate in which you live.

Heating selection

For comfortable stay and the use of the room you also need to take care of heating the attic. It should not only maintain and retain heat inside, but also be safe and economical.

Take into account all the details for another initial stages design. We bring to your attention several methods of heating the attic floor.

• Fireplace. An effective, comfortable and completely safe way.
• If your home already has a ground floor heating system, then you only need to install additional pipes and batteries.

• Installation of an independent heating systemonly for the attic - the most correct solution. It is possible to install absolutely any heating boilers, while observing the necessary safety measures. But more comfortable - turbocharged gas boilersthat do not require a separate room. They are wall-mounted and very easy to use.
• "Warm floor". To create a comfortable indoor climate, you can install heated floors. This can be done both with your own hands and with the help of specialists. In any case, this is a fairly economical option.

An important point is the competent arrangement of ventilation. Only in this way will attic heating work well.

Insulation and ventilation

Since the attic has the largest area of \u200b\u200bcontact with the street, compared to the lower floors, its insulation should be taken very carefully. Today the market offers a variety of insulation materials. However, when solving this problem regarding full-fledged thermal insulation and vapor barrier for the house, do not forget about the main conditions, and then this will reduce not only heat loss and heating costs of the house, but also protect the ceiling and walls from dampness, rot and phlegm, the formation of ice on the roof ... The choice of materials for the "roofing pie" must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP.

When choosing a finish in a store, focus primarily on the characteristics of your home. For example, where it is hot in summer and frosty in winter, the insulation must be resistant to external circumstances. Therefore, one of the main conditions will be thickness. The colder, the denser it should be, and, conversely, if you live in the south, where the temperature practically does not drop below zero in winter, you can choose a thinner material.

The most versatile and the most budgetary one is based on mineral wool; expanded polystyrene is less commonly used. Sometimes it is possible to use an insulating layer consisting of modern filling agents or materials in the form of a liquid sprayed on the walls and solidified into a solid form. In all these cases, the roof will be no less stable.

With the correct assembly of the "roofing pie", the construction of which consists of metal or corrugated board, lathing, waterproofing membrane, rafter system, properly equipped ventilation of the under-roof space is sure to extend the days of your roof's life. Never play the lottery "will blow - will not blow", but "shake your head" advice from experts.

To create a beautiful and cozy living space, you can use wood as a finishing material from the inside, different kinds composite panels, HPL panels (or in Russian LVD - laminate high pressure). No less popular is the attic, decorated with your own hands using drywall sheets (GKL).

The roof covering should be made of lightweight materials: corrugated board, metal tiles and similar materials that can lighten the weight of the mechanism, taking into account the load that will be transferred to an existing building.

To begin with - before remodeling the attic - you need to make drawings and make an estimate. This way you will see in advance what difficulties you will have to face.

It is not easy enough to develop a mansard roof plan alone: \u200b\u200bcertain knowledge and skills in designing and carrying out specific calculations are important here. It is impossible to make mistakes: then the structure of the building will be unreliable, moreover, it can damage the general building. Although if the idea is not too complicated, then you can do it yourself.

Everything must be included in the estimate: from the beginning of construction to the decoration of the premises.

Partitions

One of the most simple tasks, which you can definitely handle with your own hands, is a device interior partitions. Usually, drywall and metal profiles are used for these purposes. Everything is done quickly enough and at minimal cost.

The design is simple: a frame, and plasterboard boards are attached to it. At the end, the sheathing of the partition is made. To do this, you can use lining, block house, imitation of a bar or even plywood with wallpaper - a matter of taste.

Finishing work

After insulating the attic, you should think about finishing. Of course, it all depends on how you will use this room. The peculiar geometry provides excellent prospects for creative design solutions. Immediately, we note that the finishing process is a complex of tasks, each of which has its own function. Let's take a closer look at the materials for decoration.

• The most popular material is plastic lining... Advantages: uniqueness, budget, environmental friendliness. The installation of the board can be different: diagonally or in a circle, horizontal or vertical. Of the minuses, it is worth noting the fragility and, perhaps, weak resistance to negative factors.

• Not the most expensive material - plywood sheet... Covering walls is easy enough for them. It also has excellent sound and heat insulation properties; no preliminary leveling of the surface is required before installation.
• Plasterboard atticwill allow you to embody the most original design solutions: with its help you can create dropped ceilings, arches and even columns. Moreover, this material easily absorbs moisture, which is its negative side. But if you choose a special type that is resistant to moisture, then such a finish will serve you for a very long time.

So, let's summarize and summarize the above.

To design a beautiful and high-quality attic you will need:

• careful design of the future extension;
• strengthening load-bearing walls and foundations;
• removal of the roof;
• erection of a frame (it will be quite easy for you to assemble it with your own hands);
• roof insulation, waterproofing;
• installation of windows;
• interior decoration and insulation.

With excessive savings, as practice shows, the house can end up being of poor quality and unattractive. Therefore, choose materials wisely, take into account the recommendations of experts, consult with relatives and friends, as well as with those who already have a similar experience.

If you want to maximize the usable area of \u200b\u200bthe house without spending fabulous funds, you should definitely consider projects with an attic. Developers' experience suggests that it is optimal way economy class housing layout, because one square meter living space in it is several times cheaper than in two-story buildings. There is a misconception that the attic is only suitable for seasonal use during the warm season.

However, it is erroneous, since a high-quality insulated broken mansard roof perfectly retains heat in winter, its temperature regime no less comfortable than in the heated rooms on the first floor.

Even without additional thermal insulation, the attic is a kind of "air cushion" that maintains the optimal temperature inside the house.

A sloping mansard roof is considered a technically complex structure, advising to entrust its construction to a professional team. However, a person familiar with roofing works as an example of traditional gable roof, is quite capable of overpowering its construction with his own hands, with the help of two auxiliary workers, assistants. The main thing is to understand that this is a process that requires a serious approach, which is reckless to start without preliminary calculations.

Varieties of attic roofs

An attic is a heated or cold space under a roof that is used as living space. According to building codes, in the attic it is necessary to equip windows for natural light and ceilings of sufficient height for a person.

Rooms under the roof, in which these conditions are not met, are called an attic. The following types of roofs are suitable for the construction of the attic:

Broken roof

Installation of a mansard roof suitable for living provides for mandatory thermal insulation, the organization of natural light using attic or vertical windows and forced ventilation.

The advantages of a broken structure

Of course, you can even equip the attic by building an ordinary triangular roof... But because of the steepness of the slopes, for the ceiling to learn, the height of such a roof must be very large. This is not economical, and also impractical, because a roof with a variable slope angle allows you to more efficiently manage the available space.

The flatter top makes the ceilings taller. According to building codes, if the distance from the floor to the ridge connection is less than 2.5-2.7 meters, the room is not considered residential, it cannot be called an attic, but rather just an attic. The sloping roof design has the following advantages:

• Possibility to equip higher ceilings.
• High level of protection against precipitation and wind.
• Light snow from the slopes.
• Helps keep warm.
• Rational use of the roof space.

Construction stages

Project creation

When composing a project of a sloping attic roof for construction with your own hands, it is better to draw up drawings with different projections, which will comprehensively show the location of its elements. Based on the length and width of the house, you need to determine the size of the attic room, as well as the roof. The first step is to build the geometry of the slopes:

In order for the project's calculations to be correct, it is important to accurately make the initial measurements, as well as maintain the scale. Facilitate design can computer programs, in which it is enough to enter the dimensions of the building and the desired type of roof, they do the rest of the work automatically. If there is no access to such software, it is better to use ready-made projects.

Calculation of the rafter system

Rafters are the main supporting elements of a sloping mansard roof, a kind of its backbone. They are subjected to tremendous loads, therefore special requirements are imposed on them.

The choice of the cross-section of the rafter legs does not occur randomly, but in accordance with the installation step, the distance between the supports, the values \u200b\u200bof the wind and snow load. If the first three indicators can be easily determined from the drawn up drawing, then the last two need special explanation.

• The territory of Russia is divided into 8 zones with different snow load. For each specific roof, this value is adjusted by the angle of inclination of its slopes. Since the slope of the slopes is different, two indicators are calculated, respectively, the upper and lower rafters can have a different section.
• There is also wind load zoning, which also includes 8 zones. Using a coefficient that takes into account the height of the building, corrections are made to the tabular value of this indicator.
• The values \u200b\u200bof these two indicators are added together to determine the total load. The numbers should be rounded up to provide a small margin of safety. Based on them, according to the reference tables, the required section of the boards is determined.

Mauerlat installation

The beginning of work on the equipment of a sloping mansard roof is the installation of a Mauerlat, a solid beam of 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm in size. It is fixed at the end of the side external walls.

Its main task is to distribute the weight of the roof structure, transfer it to the foundation, and also protect the protection of the slopes from overturning. Mauerlat is laid on the upper part of the wall on a pre-laid waterproofing, which is used as a double-folded roofing material or several layers of a special film.

Fastening is carried out using metal studs, they must be placed in concrete screed... If we are talking about the reconstruction of the roof with your own hands, it is mounted with anchor bolts to the wall to a depth of 15-17 cm.

For log houses, as well as log houses, wooden pins are used. Please note that the installation is flush.

Assembling the rafter system

Assembly rafter system of a sloping mansard roof occurs in the following order:

The implementation of the above points forms one truss. In the same way, the rest are installed in increments of 60-120 cm.

Waterproofing and roofing works

When the do-it-yourself installation work is completed, you need to organize its waterproofing. This requires a waterproofing film or membrane, which is usually produced in roll form.

Fasteners are selected depending on the type of material. For shingles, galvanized self-tapping screws with rubber heads are used, which, during the twisting process, are deformed in such a way that they waterproof the hole.

In order to speed up the process, you can use a screwdriver. Shinglas or ondulin is fixed with nails 100 mm long. After finishing roofing works the gables and overhangs of the mansard sloping roof are made out.

Summing up, we can say that a broken mansard roof will help to expand the area of \u200b\u200bthe house with your own hands. You can build it with your own hands, however, this will require special skills and costs, which will undoubtedly pay off.

Video instruction

Today we will tell you about popular solutions for the device of mansard roofs, their possibilities. After reviewing the illustrations, rafter system diagrams, you will get a clear idea of \u200b\u200btheir structure. And having studied the basics of the calculation, you can optimize the cost of lumber. Get information about the important points of space planning. You will find out in what sequence the roof truss system is mounted.

A mansard roof is a complex structure and requires careful calculations.

Truss system drawings

Any mention of an attic is associated with a voluminous "pentagonal" roof in which you can live, but there are other options.

Shed

An extremely simple, reliable single-pitched mansard roof. Thanks to its straight lines, it looks modest, but elegant. Large panoramic windows "to the floor" add special respectability, because such a design not only allows, but provokes their installation.

House with shed roof, with windows covering almost the entire wall

The rafter system is very simple: the straight rafters of a single slope rest on the Mauerlat of opposite walls of different heights, and if necessary, on intermediate supports. The proportions of the walls are adjusted to a slope of 35-45 degrees, which guarantees resistance to wind loads and normal snow melting.

The volume is used effectively - if desired, this is an additional full-fledged floor, since the usable area is equal to the area of \u200b\u200bthe previous floor.

Gable

A relatively uncomplicated widespread roof. It looks unpretentious, but inspires confidence, as it supports the traditions characteristic of the Russian style. As a result, it is rarely designed specifically for the attic, more often it is adapted ready-made.

The gable roof is traditional, and most often the choice falls on it

Structurally simple - specifications and a rafter system like a conventional gable roof. Straight rafters rest on the Mauerlat, and are angled into a ridge. The pediments are triangular, straight, sheer, almost always glazed, often with access to the balcony.

Most often, a similar scheme is used to equip an attic in small house with a gable roof

It is problematic to fully utilize the volume, but it is possible, even necessary. The useful area is relatively small, the ceiling is usually "broken". However, skilful furniture arrangement, bold design solutions disadvantages can be turned into advantages.

Broken line

The most popular option is a sloping roof with an attic. Which is not surprising at all - despite its complexity, it is the most convenient and practical. Dimensional shapes and broken lines symbolize solidity and professionalism. The default appearance of this roof is associated with an attic. This is quite natural - it is purposefully designed for living quarters.

To add space on the attic floor, a sloping roof is preferred.

The rafter system is quite complex, but its advantages are worth the money and effort spent. Characteristic pentagonal pediments, with functionality like a gable roof - the same opportunity to insert windows, arrange an exit to the balcony.

The circuit is more complex, but gives more space.

Spacious attic roof of a private house. The volume is used to the maximum - at full height, the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe room is equal to or slightly less than that of the previous floor.

Calculation Basics

The purpose of the calculations is to find a compromise between aesthetics, reliability and cost.

The aesthetic side. To begin with, a general sketch of the roof is designed. The proportions are determined, compared with the dimensions of the house.

Difference between sloping roof and gable substantial

After that, a constructive calculation is carried out, where the factors are taken into account:

Own weight structural elements of the roof. The load from it acts on each element of the rafter system.

Wind loads... They are variables and act on all elements.

... It acts unevenly, transmitted from areas where the mansard roof has a slope of less than 30 °, snow does not linger on steeper areas. In this case, the load can be unevenly distributed along the left and right slopes. Acts on beams and upper rafters.

Weight people, interior elements and furniture. Loads only the floor.

The factors are processed and summed up. Based on the results, conclusions are drawn about the dimensions of structural elements. For guaranteed durability, they are rounded up. But technological assembly is hampered by the individual width and thickness of each structural element rafter system, and their custom-made is unprofitable. Therefore, the elements are combined into groups standard sizes lumber. And standard solutions significantly reduce the cost of the project - after all, it is always more expensive to order.

If the project is individual and non-standard, it is better to order accurate calculations. Taking into account the number of factors, their specific impact on the rafter system, the conclusion suggests itself - an accurate calculation is a matter for specialists. There is no point in doing calculations on your own - the probability of error is high. For standard and typical solutions, you can adapt a ready-made operating project.

In addition to the main points, a few practical recommendations will come in handy:

Rafter step corresponds to the size of the insulation.

Rafter width corresponds to the thickness of the insulation.

Layout

The staircase is key. Its position must be linked to future floor beams. If the step of the rafters allows, we simply orient it between the beams. Otherwise, we design a reliable convenient entrance to the attic.

At the planning stage, it is useful to think over the interior. At this stage, decisions are made about partitions and additional natural lighting - roof windows... Of course, it's too early to think about decoration, but the engineering part should become clear - what functionality will be implemented.

In the attic, you can equip an office with a corner for practicing music

After all, the features of such rooms: broken-sloped ceilings, their reduced height, unusual walls and non-standard lighting.

Therefore, a specific layout of the premises is necessary, and in them, the correct distribution is the zoning of the space:

For the main life, are allocated bright and well ventilated premises.

Uncomfortable areas are equipped for storage places.

"Unusual conditions" give away at the disposal of children.

Interior design and ultimate comfort are created by skillful use of potential finishing materials, furniture and accessories.

Assembly

In most cases, the construction of a mansard roof begins with a Mauerlat device. It is important to have a strictly horizontal position, parallel, reliable fastening of its bars.

Roof truss structure

For the installation of the rafter system, two options are practiced: the elements of the rafter system on the ground are assembled into trusses, raised and installed ready-made. Or everything is individually collected at the top - "in place", observing procedure:

Floor beams are laid... This takes into account the step of the rafter system and the possibility of arranging a ladder.

Immediately a rough ceiling is being laid, or temporary flooring for safe work.

Racks are mounted... Temporary braces are arranged to keep them upright. Girders are placed on the racks.

Over the girders puffs fit.

Mounted lower rafters.

Temporary braces change to permanent wind ties in the longitudinal position.

Installed top rafters.

Exhibited frame for pediment, taking into account the construct, openings are organized for: windows, balconies, other options are provided.

Further along the rafters the roofing membrane is laid, and is pressed against them by a counter-lattice - bars with a section of 50x50 mm. To organize the ventilation gap. it preparatory activities for insulation. They need to be carried out at this stage. Omitting is a huge omission.

On counter grill crate is stuffed, with a step corresponding to the roof covering.

Mounted roof covering, its additional elements: wind boards, skate.

The same house may look different and have different usable area

Video description

About the features of calculating the attic roof in the video:

Exactly according to the same principle, the attic floor with a gable roof is mounted. Moreover, its device is even simpler - all the rafters are solid.

Next is the roof insulation. Of course, it can be done from the outside, before installing the membrane, battens and roofing. But it is safer from the inside - there will be no threat of precipitation and work to be carried out more carefully, because successful operation depends on it.

The insulation from the inside of the room is protected by a vapor barrier film. And between it and the interior trim, a ventilation gap is mandatory - the interior trim is not mounted directly on the rafters. For it, specifically, as well as outside for the crate, a counter-rail is stuffed, or a frame is arranged.

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer a turnkey roof calculation and repair service. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-rise Country".

Conclusion

A mansard roof is an excellent solution that allows you to increase the usable area of \u200b\u200bthe house without significantly increasing the cost of its construction. There are a lot of solutions for the construction of an attic floor - they can be both standard and designed for a specific house. But in any case, the installation of the attic requires specialized knowledge and this work must be done by professionals.

Let's figure out what exactly we call an attic today. According to the building regulations in force today, we are talking about a room in an attic, part of the facade of which is formed by the roof surface.

Moreover, if we consider the line of intersection of the walls of the facade of the building and the surface of the roof, then its height above the floor level should not exceed one and a half meters.

There is a wide range of possible solutions for their design. It should be remembered that one of the main features of the attic is that there are two sections of the roof slope. One of them is more gentle, the other with a stronger slope.

In addition, it is desirable that the height of the vertical part of the wall be more than one meter. This will make it possible to feel much more comfortable in such a room than in the opposite case.

Design

Consider the types of truss systems for attic rooms. Here we will talk about the main types of such premises, depending on their structure.

Here we are talking about a flat inclined surface. However, the slope in this case is usually relatively small. It is much easier to design such an attic than for other types, but there will be relatively little usable space in such a room.

There are many solutions of this kind. Let's talk about some of them. This is also one of the easiest options. It looks like this.

As we can see here, when designing the attic, the integrity of the roof is not compromised in any way. This allows you to reduce the cost of arranging such a room.

But the downside of this option is that the size of the attic itself in this case is minimal in comparison with other architectural and design solutions.

Let's consider a similar option. However, we note that it allows you to increase the size of the attic. It is designed for a different type of roof structure.

Its main drawback is the same as in the previous case. Here, very little space is allocated for the room. Which, however, pays off in the simplicity of designing such attics.

Here we will take a look at more complex geometry.

We see that the design of this type of attic presents certain difficulties. Moreover, the room has a much larger volume than in previous cases. There is a vertical outer wall, which makes it possible to make quality windows in the attic.

An important aspect of this solution is that it is possible to push the vertical wall of the attic outside the facade of the house. This provides a good opportunity to increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. Note that here we are talking about a single-level attic.

Here we are talking about a much more complex option. A two-level room with several rooms can also be one of the options for an attic.

However, the design of such an attic is challenging taskalthough it can provide additional flexibility and efficiency in using the available space.

Roof shapes

In this section, we will look at the main types. Most simple types can be attributed to a single-slope or dual-slope.

A more complicated option is to use a polyline type. When using such a variety of it, the internal space that can be used for the attic room increases significantly. This option is a kind of gable roof.

More difficult options are those made in the form of a dome, pyramid, or cone.

There is also a four-slope, which is also called hip. In fact, here we are talking about a gable roof, complemented by two more slopes, which are located in the front and rear.

Also, one cannot fail to mention multi-gable roofs. This refers to a combination of two or more gable, which are located perpendicular to each other.

The following figure illustrates some of their types.

Sloping mansard roof

There are not so few varieties of attics. However, some options are quite rare. One of the most common is this. What exactly do we mean when we talk about this?

In fact, we are talking about a conventional gable roof. Its only difference is that in the variant under consideration, each slope is divided into two sections (this is the most common option, but there may be more than two such sections), which have a different slope. The part that is in the center is less inclined, and more along the edges. Let us explain what has been said by drawing.

Now let's move on to how it works. Consider another drawing.

This diagram shows the location of the rafters that make up the frame. Let's briefly talk about them. This is the part on which the entire roof structure is mounted. On the one hand, this is part of the ceiling of the upper floor of the building.

On the other hand, the rest of the structural elements are mounted on these beams:

• Racks are vertically arranged elements that serve as support.
• The purlins are located along the attic.
• Reinforced rafters are an inclined base for flooring.
• Crossbeams are used for roof slabs.

The main structural elements have been listed here. Let's show one more scheme.

Several more important elements of the rafter system are shown here:

• Mauerlat. These are longitudinally located beams that serve as the main support for layered rafters.
• Hanging rafters. They are located in the upper section of the roof.
• The tightening serves to increase the strength of the entire structure.
• The braces are additional support for the layered rafters.

The rafter system is the foundation, but that's not all. The roof itself has a rather complex structure. After all, she must protect the house from rain, cold and heat. In addition, water condensation forms inside the house, which can not only create significant discomfort for residents, but also damage the insulation layer. Therefore, it has a rather complex structure.

Let us explain this scheme. Usually the insulation layer is placed between the layered rafters. A vapor barrier is directly placed under it. Waterproofing is placed over the insulation layer. A thin air layer is left under it, which serves for ventilation.

A counter-lattice (slats that are located along the rafters) are nailed onto the layered rafters from above. And on them - a crate (slats located perpendicular to the rafters). A roof covering is installed on top. This is an example of such a roof in which ventilation is provided.

The majority belongs to this type. In areas where a warm and dry climate prevails, a roof can be installed in which this kind of ventilation is not provided.

We'll tell you how skylights can look like in the most common cases.

Here is the design for a gable roof attic. Here is another diagram that corresponds to a gable polyline.

If it is four-pitched, then this allows you to allocate more free space for the attic. Here circuit diagram rafter system for them.

The diagram below shows a rafter system that can be used in design. Next, we show another example of a hipped roof.

Diy mansard roof construction technology

If we have plans to build an attic, then, in principle, two main ways are possible:

• Do it yourself.
• Contact a specialist.

Each of the options mentioned has its own advantages and disadvantages. If you do all the necessary work yourself, then it will cost much less. But for this you have to work hard and you will need to do the work at a high-quality, fairly professional level.

If you turn to specialists, then the work, although it will be done with high quality, will also cost much more.

If you nevertheless decide to take on this business on your own, then first you need to prepare the necessary materials and tools.

Creation will take place in two main stages:

• creating a skeleton,
• arrangement of the roof.

Various materials will be required to carry out the work:

• Wooden beams of various sections.
• Boards 3-4 cm thick and 15 cm wide.
• Roofing material (slate).
• Insulation.
• Vapor barrier.
• Waterproofing.
• 80mm nails.

You will also need tools to work:

• A sharp knife.
• A hammer.
• Ax.
• Construction stapler with staples.
• Plumb line.
• Roulette.
• Hacksaw.

Since it is a rather complex structure, you must first draw up its diagram and calculate the parts.

Consider the situation for a gable sloping mansard roof. Let's talk about what calculations and how to do it.

First of all, it is important to decide on the roofing material. It must be chosen based on the specific features of the situation. In particular, let's pay attention to two different sides of the issue. The level of thermal insulation and waterproofing in the attic is significantly lower than in the house.

This necessitates a very careful attitude when selecting materials for roof construction. Another feature is that it is important to use lighter materials for both the roof and interior decoration created attic.

Since each slope is divided into two sections, it is important to determine the angle of inclination of the steeper section. It should be remembered that if it is less than 15 degrees, then this makes special requirements for roofing material... If we are talking about a slope greater than 45 degrees, then almost any material can be used for the roof.

In order to determine the weight, you must first of all determine its area. To do this, its surface is divided into simpler geometric shapes and their area is added up.

When determining the weight, the following are taken into account:

• weight of rafters and beams,
• insulation weight,
• weight of waterproofing,
• roof weight.

First, the weight per unit area is determined, and then multiplied by its value.

When calculating the weight, do not forget about the possible weight of the applied snow and take into account its value. You also need to consider the additional effects of wind.

The total load is found by dividing the total load by the roof area. On the basis of the obtained number and rather complex calculations according to special tables, the necessary parameters of the rafter system are determined, and, in particular, the size of the rafter step and the recommended roof slope.

Carrying out works

Installing the rafter system

Before carrying out such work, it is necessary to prepare the wood. It needs to be dried well, and also treated with a special antiseptic and fire retardant compound.

The first step is to install the Mauerlat.

It is laid on a waterproofing layer. The next step is to attach the ridge bar.

After that, layered rafters are installed. For convenience, their attachment points can be marked on the Mauerlat. Usually the pitch of the rafters is 70 cm. It is customary to cut the rafters in order to strengthen the connection with the Mauerlat.

The rafter system is the basis for the roof, but you need to install insulation and waterproofing.

First of all, you need to decide on the choice of material for insulation. Several options are common:

• Glass wool. It is a cheap and effective material, but it produces dust that is harmful to health. When used, this material is safe, durable and effective.
• Fiberboard plate. It has good thermal insulation and sound insulation. Usually not applicable for residential buildings.
• Polyfoam is an effective material, it weighs a little. However, it is toxic and fire hazardous.
• Expanded polystyrene in its characteristics is similar to polystyrene, but does not have its disadvantages.
• Mineral wool. In recent years, it has been the most common material used for insulation. Effective in use, has almost no drawbacks.

We put a waterproofing film on top of the rafters, which must be carefully fixed. We insert blocks of mineral wool from below and fix them with a vapor barrier membrane, attaching it to the rafters from below.

In this case, the sheets of mineral wool need to be cut several centimeters wider than the gaps between the rafters. This is necessary in order to exclude the formation of cracks in the thermal insulation.

Features of roof truss systems

The frame is constructed to ensure that it can support the entire weight of the attic roof along with the so-called "roof cake". On the other hand, it should be as light as possible in order to reduce the load.

Usually wood is used for such work. conifers... This is due to the fact that such wood is more easily capable of being processed.

Before use, wooden parts must be antiseptic and fireproof.

Modern technologies and high quality construction Materials allow you to independently build a high-quality mansard roof. However, it is necessary to carry out competent design and calculation of the necessary parameters.

Particular attention should be paid to the quality and reliability of the rafter system being built.

It is difficult to imagine a building without a reliable roof over it. Any roof is the basis, the main guarantor of the inviolability of things in the house, the safety of property. She is the main protector from rain and snow, wind. After its construction, you can proceed to the next stage, which implies internal work... Having made this part unreliable, there is no need to talk about a full-fledged home. A do-it-yourself gable roof is the simplest and most functional option among other types of roofing.

There are several roof options, one of which is gable. A lot of talent is not required for the construction, since this type of roof is the simplest. The dwelling element consists of the parts indicated in the figure:

The structure consists of the following parts:
Skate. The top that connects the 2 ramps.
Rack. Installation used to redistribute weight from top to bottom of the roof. It must be done from quality materials.
Sill. A bar located horizontally. Connects the rack and load-bearing wall.

Braces. These boards are fixed at a slight angle. They serve to redistribute weight from the rafters to the supporting elements below.

Rafter leg. These elements form a visible triangle-shaped outline. They serve to hold the roof covering. The heavier it is, the more often the rafters need to be laid.
Filly. Planks that extend the rafters. Necessary to create an overhang from a gable roof, according to building codes, which should be at least 0.5 m.

The difference between rafters
gable roof and the drawing is quite realistic to carry out on your own. All elements can be designed in several ways. The difference is the rafter system used for the construction. There are the following types of rafters:

The systems are used in many homes, both of which are of sufficient quality for comfortable use. When erecting a mansard roof, they are used together. In this case, the hanging and inclined type of rafters are combined. It is worth creating rafter drawings that will show the location of each element of the roof, erected with your own hands, so that there are no incomprehensible moments. He will help you calculate the amount necessary materials.
Any element of the house must be created, understanding how it will all look as a result. For clarity, a drawing is created, and to make everything fit perfectly, it is calculated in advance. The plan takes into account the length of the roof along the ridge, the length of the slopes, the length of the plumb lines is shown separately. The angle of inclination of the roof is determined. The angle is determined taking into account the following points:

• In case of strong winds in the construction area, the angle is made about 10-12 ° so that the roof is not torn off.
• With significant winter precipitation, the slope is within 30-40o. snow will slide off the surface easily. There are no difficulties in calculations, but if the roof is made with a complex shape, this will complicate the calculation of the required values.

Roof construction

After making calculations and purchasing the necessary parts, the Mauerlat is installed. After that, the crate is created. The element is the basis for a do-it-yourself roof, made of pine or other coniferous wood. The material is strong and lightweight, capable of spreading the weight of all elements across the entire plane. Placed along the roof slopes, between the rafter legs, the top of the walls.

For the element to last longer, an insulating layer is required between the wall and it. Roofing material is suitable for this. The Mauerlat can be fixed using any fasteners that are convenient.
To build a roof, you must follow the plan:

• Securing the rafters. If hanging ones are used, they must be assembled in advance, using fasteners to stiffen this part. First, the extreme elements are made, after the internal ones. With a layered system, a bed is created first, where the supports are installed. If the length of the elements is not enough, you can add it by installing the filly.

Installation of the lathing. Any materials can be used for construction, but it is important to get rid of the bark from the boards in order to increase the service life of the elements. If you plan to use soft roof, the crate is made solid. Here a rigid base is required so that there is no deformation during operation. Lattice system

Roofing. There are many coating materials, each of them involves the use of different methods cover. Do not neglect the recommendations of the material manufacturer. It is important to make a small overlap between the elements. The structure must not be broken to avoid leaks.
Do not forget that reliable roof, erected with your own hands - a guarantee of the safety of property in the house. Do not be dismissive of its construction, so that later you do not have to make complex repairs.