How to build a wooden roof. How to make a roof installation with your own hands. Prices for ceramic tiles

Completing the construction of the walls, it is time to think about the structure that crowns the building. If we are talking about a small country house, a garage or a bathhouse, then its choice is not difficult to make. The simplest roof for such objects is one or a gable. It can be calculated and built on your own without involving a team of carpenters.

In this article we will consider common options for roofing structures, talk about important features their selection and installation.

Types of simple roofs and their main elements

Any roof consists of a supporting frame and a protective roof covering.

The frame includes the following elements:

• Rafters - inclined beams (serve as the supporting base of the roof).
• Ridge beam (connects the upper docking points of the rafters).
• Sheathing is a flooring made of boards or OSB board, laid on the rafters and serving as the basis for roofing material.
• Counter-lattice - used when installing a warm roof (creates an air gap for ventilation of the insulation).
• Mauerlat - wooden beams (mounted on longitudinal walls). The lower parts of the rafters (rafter legs) are attached to it.
• Vertical struts, horizontal braces and struts (used to strengthen the rafter structure).
• Fillets are planks nailed to the lower ends of the rafter legs to create a roof overhang.

Gable roof for summer cottages and baths (span width no more than 6 meters)

The design of a simple roof for a house is determined by several factors:

• the width of the span to be covered;
• the purpose of the attic space (residential or non-residential, walk-through or non-passable);
• type of interfloor overlap (wooden beams, reinforced concrete panels).

If the width of the building is small (up to 4.5 meters), and the arrangement of the living space is not planned in the attic, then you can stop at the version of a pitched roof. It is economical and easy to install.

The rafters of such a roof can be supported directly on the walls. To do this, one of them must be made higher than the other. This will create the slope required for rainwater flow.

If you decide to put one pitched roof on the walls of the same level, then to create a slope in its structure, you need to include wooden racks. After the installation is completed, they are sheathed with siding, OSB slabs or a blockhouse.

Options pitched roofs for garage, barn, gazebo and bath

For asbestos-cement slate, the angle of inclination of the roof must be at least 22 degrees. For metal tiles, ondulin, bituminous tiles, the roof slope is made at least 15 degrees. Making the calculation simple pitched roof, remember that snow load is a serious factor. To reduce it, it is recommended to make the slope steeper. Otherwise, you will have to increase the cross-section of the rafters and lathing, which will lead to an increase in the cost of the structure.

If the width of the span is from 4.5 to 6 meters, then the rafters must be reinforced with braces (inclined racks from a bar). They will reduce the deflection of the rafter legs under the influence of snow load. The lower ends of the braces are embedded in the masonry, and when using vertical support posts, they are attached to them with staples, nails or toothed metal plates.

Shed roofs are most often used for small structures such as garages, sheds, baths or gazebos. A gable structure with a large lifting angle is the best option for arranging an attic space.

Main docking points

The main condition for the strength of any roof is competent joining of all its parts. Therefore, when drawing up a sketch drawing, you need to pay attention to the nodes (connection of the Mauerlat to the wall, rafters with a ridge and floor beams).

The device of a simple roof begins with the laying of a horizontal wooden beam - a Mauerlat, on which the rafters will rest. It is attached to the masonry through threaded steel anchors (in brick walls) or to the studs concreted in the armored belt ( gas silicate masonry, expanded clay concrete, foam block).

The floor beams are fixed to the wall using anchor pins, and the Mauerlat is attached to them with nails or long self-tapping screws.

Methods for attaching the Mauerlat to the wall: a - with an anchor; b - with a nail; c - a hairpin, concreted in the armopoyas

Options for fixing the rafters to the Mauerlat: a - with metal corners, a persistent bar (lug) or a notch; b - with nails; c - steel bracket

Fastening the rafters to the Mauerlat with a bracket and a notch

Note also that the roof small house, a shed or garage can be installed without a Mauerlat, fixing the lower ends of the rafters directly to the floor beams.

The next important knot is attaching the upper ends of the rafters to each other and connecting them to the ridge beam.

There are several ways to create this node. The rafters can be bolted together and tightened with a nut (node \u200b\u200b1). You can use an overlay from a piece of OSB board (node \u200b\u200b# 2) or fix them with a metal toothed plate (node \u200b\u200b# 3). For closer contact of the rafters with the ridge beam, notches are made on them.

It should be noted that the ridge beam, which increases the rigidity of the structure, is most often used on large roofs. It is also placed in buildings with gables made of bricks, blocks or logs that serve as support walls for it. Building small bath, garage or country house, you can do without this element. For a small roof, a crate or OSB deck will provide sufficient rigidity.

A variant of a simple gable roof without a ridge bar

If you are going to make a simple roof with your own hands, you should familiarize yourself with the recommended sections of the rafter legs (table number 1).

Table No. 1 Estimated cross-sections of rafters depending on the selected step

The dimensions of the cross-sections of other elements of a simple roof can be taken from table No. 2

Features of the construction of a simple roof

The installation of the roof begins after the completion of the construction of the walls, installation of beams or floor slabs. Having set the extreme rafters in level, they are attached to the beams or Mauerlat and fixed with temporary ties. After that, a lighthouse cord is pulled between them. Ordinary rafters are exposed along it and alternately fastened with a crate.

In the presence of a capital gable, installation is simplified, since the ridge beam laid on it serves as a support and beacon for installing rafters.

Mounting roof frame at altitude - laborious occupation. By erecting a small roof, it is more convenient to assemble trusses on the ground. In this case, on the walls, you will only have to connect them with the help of a lathing into a single structure. Having assembled one truss, it can be used as a template for marking and cutting rafters, ties and beams.

When preparing to build a roof, be sure to do detailed diagram with an indication of the dimensions of all elements and a detailed study of the nodes. It will be useful to you for calculating the purchased lumber and will help you complete the installation efficiently and quickly.

Detailed drawing is an important condition for efficiency and quality of work

If the attic space is residential, then the roof structure must include not only insulation, vapor barrier, but also a counter-lattice - a wooden block with a section of 30x50 mm. It is nailed to the rafters on top of the vapor barrier film to create a ventilation gap, and the main crate is attached on top. Without this "little thing", the insulation in the cold season will get wet from diffusion moisture, and the wooden parts of the structure will start to rot.

Constructive diagram of the insulated roof

If, when installing an insulated roof, a solid OSB flooring is used, then a counter-lattice is placed under it.

Any roof needs overhangs to protect walls from rainwater. For a shed structure, they are made not only in the lower, but also in the upper part. If the length of the rafter legs is not enough for the formation of eaves overhangs, then they are increased by nailing the boards of the "filly".

The minimum size of the roof overhangs should be at least 20 cm. To protect the gables from moisture, the length of the roof on each side is increased by 20-30 cm, creating frontal overhangs. The ends and lower planes of the overhangs are sheathed with a wind board.

Do-it-yourself gable roof

A do-it-yourself gable roof assembled will become the tinned pride of the owner of the house and will fully correspond to his desires. In order for it to be not only a decoration, but also a reliable, durable, protection of the building, you need to think over its design very carefully, draw up a detailed work plan. We will share our experience and information on how to make a roof of a house with our own hands.

Diy gable roof rafter system

Choosing a gable roof structure is the most important part of the preparation. The strength of the frame determines not only its resistance to the weight of snow and wind pressure, but also affects the durability of roofing materials.

Steep roof

The steeper the slope of the slope - the more free space will have an attic or attic space. In addition, with an inclination of more than 50 °, the snow on the roof will not accumulate.

Accordingly, the strength of the rafters may be less, and this will allow a good saving on the volume of lumber used. On the other hand, a roof that is too high is subject to a lot of wind pressure and can be destroyed during a hurricane.

Do-it-yourself sloping roof

Low gable roof easily tolerates strong wind, but has a reduced load capacity and is critical to the high weight of a thick layer of wet snow. The most ideal slope is considered to be 30 °. It is this angle that provides:

• sufficient strength,
• balance between pressure and wind lift,
• good lighting of the roof plane in winter time of the year.

Selection of the angle of inclination taking into account the weight of the roof

The weight of the roof can be a significant proportion of the total weight of the roof. Therefore, when designing the frame structure, we also take into account the weight of the roof material.

Benefits of using modern roofing materials

When planning how to build a roof of a house with your own hands, it should be borne in mind that a modern gable roof is lightweight and easy to install. Covering the roof with metal tiles is much easier and faster than doing the same with outdated slate. And the laying of self-adhesive soft roll bitumen shingles is not only several times faster, but also within the power of the most inexperienced person. In addition, it very effectively dampens the noise of falling rain and hail.

Features of the preparation of the base for the roof of various types

The step of the lathing under the metal tile must correspond to the width of one sheet. Under soft roof sheet material is laid. As a rule, a waterproof chipboard is used for this.

It is not recommended to use continuous flooring from boards, since their size and shape can vary significantly from the level of humidity in the air, which can lead to premature destruction soft tiles at the seams. The use of thick plywood is also not recommended. It is less durable than good chipboard and does not allow the use of nails.

Frame materials

To build the roof frame, only softwood is used. Coniferous timber and boards are very durable, resilient, practically do not absorb moisture, do not rot and are not to the taste of wood-eating beetles. To increase the fire safety of the roof, the tree should be treated with appropriate fire retardants (special varnish OZL-SK, VD-545 paint for wood and fire retardants or biopirenses).

Sizes of timber and boards for various elements of the gable roof frame

The minimum section of timber and boards for frame elements is determined from the table below.

The section of the rafters depends on the step and maximum length rafter leg.

Tools and fixtures

To build a gable roof with your own hands, you will need the following tool:

• ax;
• a hammer;
• saw universal or cross-cut;
• an open-end wrench of the required size for nuts and tightening pins;
• pliers;
• construction stapler;
• screwdriver;
• nail puller;
• drill.

Usually used hand tool, but using an electric instead will speed up the work and simplify the task. It is very useful to have a plumb line and a water level on hand. Any small weight on the twine can play the role of a plumb line. Instead of a water level, you can use a spirit level, but this is less convenient, and the accuracy of setting the horizontal in long sections is much lower.

In addition to the tool itself, you will also need the following devices:

• ladder or stepladder;
• winch, homemade or collapsible platform.

A little about security

If the height of the work site exceeds three human heights, you must definitely take care of your safety before building a roof. All structural elements of the roof are of considerable weight and, in combination with the height, pose a potential danger to humans.

When lifting a wooden beam, boards, ready-made rafters from the ground upward, you need to use a winch, and not pull them with your hands. When roofing, be sure to use safety ropes or ropes that are securely attached to a solid base. A first aid kit must be available at the construction site.

Do-it-yourself roof of a house: the procedure for erecting a roof

The gable roof can have a different design. Let's consider the simplest implementation.

Mauerlat laying

On the upper edge of the walls, we lay the Mauerlat - the basis for the roof frame. Mauerlat is made from a bar with a section of 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm. TO wooden walls the bar is fastened with nails, bolts or staples.

IN stone walls fastenings in the idea of \u200b\u200banchors or threaded rods are provided even during their construction. Separate wooden blocks in masonry are not the best option for attaching a Mauerlat. As a last resort - wooden inserts must be duplicated with fastening brackets or metal strips that tighten the Mauerlat and the stone base.

To prevent the roof of the house from being torn down strong wind, rods or anchors must be at least 10 mm in diameter. A layer of waterproofing - roofing felt or other durable material - is laid between the masonry and the Mauerlat.

Installation of a ridge bar

We install the ridge beam on the gables of the building. This will allow the skeleton of the roof to be assembled in place. Installing the rafters of a gable roof with your own hands can be done even alone. The rafters are alternately stacked from the ridge to the Mauerlat, fastened together at the top, trimmed in place and attached to the ridge. The design with a supporting ridge beam allows you to assemble the roof yourself by yourself or with one assistant. Overhang - the part of the roof that extends beyond the walls of the building, is formed due to the protruding parts of the rafter legs or additional extension boards - filly. The boards for them must withstand the weight of the hanging part of the roof and the gutter filled with water.

If capital gables are not provided for in the building structure, the rafters will need to be connected to each other on the ground and fed to the roof already in the form of ready-made rafter corners. Moreover, their installation will require the coordinated action of several people. The upper part of the rafters is fastened with a ridge, which is lined from below.

Depending on the roof structure, nails, metal strips, corners or hairpins can be used for fastening. The design of such rafters usually includes a transverse tie - a crossbar, and all the necessary notches and notches. From the ground, the finished truss structures are fed along inclined boards using ropes or a winch. The location of the rafter legs is marked in advance on the Mauerlat and the ridge, taking into account the chosen step.

How to make a roof of a house: installing battens

To increase the rigidity of the structure and reduce the spacer force, the loads on the walls are tied with rafters. When building a roof with your own hands, it is easiest to use long boards or typesetting beams.

1. After installing the frame, the crate is installed. In this case, they are guided by the rule: under a rigid roof, the pitch of the sheathing must correspond to the dimensions of the roofing sheets, and for a roof made of soft materials, a solid base is required.
2. A vapor barrier membrane is stretched along the inside of the rafters. It protects the interior of the house from atmospheric humidity. Insulation is laid on top of the vapor barrier, and vapor-permeable waterproofing is placed on it.
3. Numerous pores of such a membrane are impermeable to water, but allow water vapor to pass through, due to which the insulation “breathes” and does not suffer from condensation. The gable roof, which is shown in this section, provides minimal internal heat leakage.

1. Gutters and other gutter elements are mounted on the eaves of the roof. The final stage of construction is the roofing and sealing of all technological gaps and crevices. After that, the installation of the roof is considered complete.

Outcome

A self-assembled gable roof is a guarantee of a high-quality roof. Strictly observing all the recommendations of the specialists, and following the step-by-step instructions with the photo, you will cope with the assembly and installation without any problems. If you decide to entrust the work of a construction company, you will be able to oversee any process, select the necessary material yourself and make an accurate calculation of costs.

Arranging the roof with your own hands is a difficult task, but quite feasible for those who have at least a little experience in construction. In order for the work to go smoothly, it is necessary to carefully prepare, study the technology of installing the roof, the sequence of operations and methods of fastening individual structural elements. How to build a roof of a house with your own hands, and will be discussed in this article.

Roof types

The most common types of roofs include the following:

• Single slope;
• Gable;
• Hip hip;
• Broken line;
• Combined.

Each design has a number of features, so it is worth considering them in a little more detail:

1. Shed roof... A roof with a single slope differs primarily in cost - a minimum set of materials is required for installation. In addition, the installation process will be quite simple and quick. True, the payment for these advantages in the end turns out to be quite significant: firstly, the design is not very attractive visually, and secondly, there will be too little free space under the roof for arranging an attic or attic.
2. Gable roof... This roof design option is most popular due to the ease of installation and the ability to equip a full-fledged room in the under-roof space. A roof with two slopes is a little more complicated and more expensive than a single-slope version, but simpler and cheaper compared to a four-slope roof. A key feature of gable roofs is the presence of triangular gables, which are located at the ends of the building. How to do triangular roof, it is worth reading in more detail in the corresponding article.
3. Hipped roof... The installation of such a roof will require thorough preparation and serious costs. The hipped roof structure includes many elements, so there will be a lot of work. The attic of this design cannot be equipped with windows due to the missing gables - but the dormer and dormer windows are required without fail, because at their expense the room will be illuminated and evacuated if necessary.
4. Roof with broken slopes... As a rule, this type of roof is mounted in the event that there is a desire to make a full-fledged attic. The design of the roof in this case involves the installation of its lower part with a large slope compared to the upper section, due to which the ceiling of the room rises and the usable area increases.
5. Combination roof... As the name suggests, a combination roof can include features of several or all structures. This type of roof has not gained much popularity, but in some situations only a combination of various design features allows you to achieve the desired result.

The selection of the type of roof is always individual, so you need to build on your own wishes and capabilities.

House roof calculation

Before making the roof of the house, it is necessary to perform calculations of all structural elements, to design the roof of the house. The best option there will be a full-fledged calculation of each indicator, but in practice this is rarely required.

It will be easiest to take the standard cross-sectional values \u200b\u200bof the roof elements, especially when it comes to a typical building:

• Mauerlat - 150x150 mm;
• Racks - 100x150 or 150x150 mm (the exact value depends on the section of the rafters);
• Braces - 100x150 or 50x150 (determined individually, depending on how convenient it will be to connect the struts with the rafters);
• Tightening - 50x150 mm;
• Runs - 200x200 mm;
• Overlays - from 32 to 50 mm.

The exact calculation of the height and section is carried out exclusively for the rafter legs, taking into account the following parameters:

• The material used for the roof;
• The level of atmospheric precipitation in the region (usually values \u200b\u200bobtained in winter are taken for calculation);
• Rafters step;
• Span.

In principle, calculating the roof of a house with your own hands can be performed not very accurately, up to approximate values \u200b\u200b- but in this case, you need to add at least a small margin of safety to the results. To completely simplify the calculation process, you can use an online calculator or special tables of standard values.

If we make the roof of a house with our own hands, then often we also have to install insulation material... In this case, the height of the rafter legs will depend on the thickness of the insulation. The installation of the heat-insulating layer must be carried out in such a way that the material is located below load-bearing beams... Using mineral wool as a heater, it is worth considering that it needs a small gap through which the structure will be ventilated. This gap can simply be left if the rafters are high enough, or you can mount a counter-lattice.

How to build a roof with your own hands

The general instructions for building a roof with your own hands looks like this:

• Before building a roof, you need to take measurements of the building;
• Next comes the preparation of all materials (including the impregnation of wooden elements with antiseptics and fire retardants) and tools;
• Work begins with the installation of the Mauerlat;
• Next, a ridge girder is installed (if necessary);
• Then the frame is attached;
• The structure is fixed and reinforced with uprights, struts and braces;
• A waterproofing layer and a crate are attached to the assembled frame;
• Then there are necessary work to ensure good ventilation of the roof space;
• Then droppers are installed;
• The last step is the installation of the material chosen for the roof covering.

Mauerlat installation

Before building the roof of the house, it is necessary to create a structure designed to ensure reliable fastening of the roof to the building - and this is the Mauerlat on which the assembled frame is installed. True, when installing a roof on a wooden house, a Mauerlat is not needed - its role will be played by the upper crown of the building. The roof will be attached to the walls with dowels.

The roof is installed in a similar way frame house - this time the upper harness will act as a Mauerlat. The connection of the building and roof elements is carried out by means of a cut with the use of metal corners, in which there are holes for self-tapping screws.

A completely different matter is installing a roof on a brick or concrete house... In this case, the Mauerlat can be installed in several ways, and the choice of a specific method directly depends on the result of the calculations and the experience of the master.

The Mauerlat is installed in one of four ways:

1. Wire mounting... To implement such an attachment, you need to lay the wire in the masonry at a distance of four rows to the edge of the structure. The Mauerlat will subsequently be bolted to the walls with this wire. This option is the least reliable, but anyone can do it.
2. Mounting with staples... This method involves laying wooden blocks in the masonry in four rows from the edge. One part of the bracket is attached directly to the Mauerlat, and the other to the pre-fixed bar. This method is also not difficult, but it is highly undesirable to use it in buildings with a heavy load on the roof.
3. Installation with studs... Studs with a diameter of about 10-12 mm are mounted in the masonry. A Mauerlat is temporarily laid on top of them and tapped with a hammer, after which small indentations remain on it in those places where the timber should be fixed. These points are drilled through, after which the Mauerlat can be installed on the mounts and tightened the nuts.
4. Installation with anchor bolts... This method is characterized by maximum complexity and reliability. Anchor bolts are embedded in the concrete along the entire perimeter of the wall. The resulting fastening not only provides high-quality fixing of the roof, but also increases the edge strength of the wall made of lightweight concrete.

Instructions for the construction of rafters

The load-bearing elements of the roof must be securely attached to the strapping, for which several methods are used. If the roof is equipped wooden house do it yourself, the rafters can be exclusively layered.

It's all about two mutually exclusive rules:

• The rafters of wooden houses can only be hinged;
• Fixation hanging rafters can only be done in a rigid manner.

That is why, when arranging buildings made of wood, only a layered rafter system installed on hinges can be used. To install such a roof, you will have to purchase special elements (usually called sleds), which will ensure self-alignment of the roof when the house shrinks.

The self-made roof of a one-story house, the walls of which are made of brick or stone, can be equipped according to any scheme, but the greatest efficiency is achieved with rigid fixation of the rafter legs. The installation of the frame system can be carried out with or without a cut-out.

To create a roof with a cut, you must first cut the rafters so that it fits snugly against the Mauerlat. In this case, it will be necessary to carry out the cornice by means of fillies, which are attached to the rafter legs at least with a meter overlap. Fixation of structural elements can be carried out using any fasteners, but the best option there will be metal corners fixed with self-tapping screws.

If the roof is to be installed without a cut, then filly will not be required - the required frame overhang will be performed at the expense of the beams themselves. This option is somewhat simpler in arrangement, since it does not require an exact fit of all elements. In order for the rafters to fit well to the Mauerlat, stops or separate boards are used. It is better to fix the elements in the same way as in the previous case.

Fastening and strengthening the frame

The assembled frame must be attached to the building box so that the entire structure is not blown away by the gusty wind. For fixing, a 4-mm wire is quite suitable, pieces of which are wrapped near the rafter leg at the point of its support. The free ends of the wire are attached to the anchors installed in the wall in advance. In the case of wooden houses, it is quite possible to use staples - they will be enough to securely hold the roof in place.

To increase the strength of the frame, you need to reduce the span of the rafters using struts and struts. The braces are usually installed at an angle of 45 or 60 degrees from the horizontal. The walls underneath or special elements located in the space between the walls are used as supports for the racks.

Also, the structure can be strengthened by tightening, which reduces the bursting load. This is especially true when using a hanging rafter system... To assemble the frame, two puffs are usually used, mounted with self-tapping screws on both sides relative to the rafter legs.

Lathing, waterproofing and ventilation

First of all, it is necessary to install the selected waterproofing material on the assembled frame, and after that you can fasten the crate itself. Its design and the dimensions of the elements used are selected individually. Before making the roof a house with your own hands, you should read a separate article on how to properly mount the crate.

It is also worth taking care of ventilation, which requires:

• Provide air passage under the roof through the eaves;
• Free air movement under the roof;
• Unobstructed air outlet through the ridge of the roof.

Installation of roofing and roof insulation

One of the final steps in roof assembly is the installation of the roof covering. It is worth reading the article on the relevant topic about choosing the right material and the algorithm for its installation. The last stage is the laying of the thermal insulation layer. Mineral wool is most often used as insulation for the roof. The selection of the thickness of the mineral wool must be carried out based on the climatic conditions in the region where the construction is taking place.

Conclusion

Installing the roof after a detailed study no longer looks so overwhelming. Before you make a pitched roof, you need to prepare well, stock up on everything you need and plan the work. If you follow a clear algorithm and perform all work with maximum diligence, then the result will be a high-quality and robust design, capable of standing for more than a dozen years and reliably protect the building from any external influences.

Many owners strive to build a country cottage with their own hands and at a certain moment wonder how to make the roof of the house on their own, that is, with their own hands.

The main structural element of the roof is its frame, and as a rule, it is made of wood.

For these purposes, it is best to use hardwood wood or pine.

In addition, even at the design stage of the structure, you should decide on the type of roof.

The most common option is a gable roof, less often you can find a four-pitched roof, as in the photo below.

For a private house, brick or wooden, it is better to equip yourself gable roof, which is shown in the photo below, since its device and installation can be done by yourself without any help.

Do-it-yourself roof installation should be done taking into account the extension to the house, if any.

In addition, it should be remembered that making and installing a roof with your own hands is a rather laborious work that must be performed correctly and in a certain sequence.

Do-it-yourself roof construction begins with its design, choice of shape and selection of the necessary material. More details about this are described in the video below.

Mauerlat arrangement

Before making a roof for a private house (including a wooden one), it is necessary to correctly position and fix the Mauerlat well.

Mauerlat is a certain base that will take on some of the load from the roof structure.

Its installation is necessary when it is supposed to arrange not only a gable, but also hipped roof... It is on this basis that the whole roof will subsequently be built by hand.

The Mauerlat device involves the use wooden beams, the section of which should be 15x15 centimeters.

Installation of these beams is carried out parallel to the future ridge of the roof, as shown in the photo.

The ability of the finished roof to resist loads will largely depend on the reliability of fastening the Mauerlat to the walls.

Its device should begin at the stage of wall construction. To do this, between the bricks, closer to the top of the masonry, it is necessary to lay thick wire in increments of one meter.

This wire must be firmly anchored inside brickwork in its middle.

The overhanging ends must be of sufficient length so that in the future it can be easily tied with the laid beam.

After the device and construction of the house with your own hands is completely completed, all visible parts of the wire for attaching the Mauerlat must be hidden under a layer of plaster.

When installing the Mauerlat with your own hands, you need to make a minimum deviation directly from the edge of the wall. It should be at least ten centimeters.

In order to further prevent rotting of the wooden beams of the Mauerlat, they should be insulated from the inside using a special material laid in several layers.

For these purposes, you can also use only. The Mauerlat should be placed under a gable roof along the entire perimeter of the walls, while controlling not only its reliable fastening, but also its evenness.

Construction of floor beams

After the Mauerlat is properly equipped, the installation of floor beams, which are one of the main elements of the roof of a private house, is carried out.

The device of floor beams is carried out in a specific sequence, as shown in the video below. First, the installation of the extreme beams is carried out.

It should be remembered that their removal will determine the future cornice, the recommended length of which is no more than fifty centimeters.

In order to choose the right timber for the construction of roof beams of a private house, a special calculation should be made.

It is necessary to control the places of their connection with the Mauerlat, and if necessary, clean it up a little, or vice versa, put small pieces of plywood.

The pitch of the floor beams is selected taking into account the previously calculated pitch of the rafters. The process of fastening the beams is shown in the photo.

After the installation of all long beams has been done by hand, it is necessary to correctly install the short floor beams. For them, the step can be taken with a value of one meter.

Carrying out the construction of floor beams, do not forget about the cornice, as well as about the reliable fastening of the beams, in order to subsequently eliminate the sagging of the roof of the house.

The fastening of the beams to the Mauerlat is carried out using nails. In addition, they can be fastened using special rafter corners or self-tapping screws.

After the installation of all the beams has been completely completed, it is necessary to put ordinary floorboards on top of them, but not to fix them.

This is done for the convenience of carrying out subsequent work on the construction of the roof of the house.

Installation of a bar under the ridge

Any gable roof of a private house implies the construction of a ridge. After the installation of the floor beams has been carried out, you should proceed to the construction of a beam under it.

To equip the structure, boards of 50x150 millimeters in size will be required, from which the racks will be assembled.

They should be placed in the middle of the future frame strictly in level, and then carefully loosened with temporary struts.

Work begins with the installation of the most extreme racks, after which a lace is pulled between them, which will allow all the other racks to be correctly installed.

After the whole roof structure, all intermediate struts can be completely dismantled.

This will make it possible to equip another living space on the upper floor of the house directly under the roof.

When choosing the height of the ridge racks, you should take into account what shape of the roof is planned initially. Experts advise taking its height equal to the height of the first floor of the house.

After the extreme and intermediate racks are checked for evenness and carefully loosened, the ridge beam itself is laid on top of them.

You should not carefully attach it to the entire structure, it will be enough to screw in a couple of self-tapping screws.

Any gable roof implies the arrangement of a ridge beam, therefore this stage of work is mandatory when building this part of the house.

One of the most important stages in the construction of a roof of a private house is the installation of a rafter extension.

First, you need to make a template, you can do this if you attach the board from the inside to the end of the ridge bar and to the floor beam in the place where the cornice will be arranged.

However, this is not always possible, and in some areas of the roof extension frame, rafters of different sizes will have to be mounted.

Installation of an extension of rafters in place should be carried out simultaneously from two roof slopes. This is done in order to minimize lateral loading on the ridge bar.

If the length of the slope of the roof under construction is greater than the length of the rafter board, which is at hand, then it will have to be spliced \u200b\u200bfrom the inside of the structure.

It is better if the joint, which is made from the inside, will be in the lower part of the ramp, while it must be reinforced with an additional stand. Attaching the rafters to the Mauerlat in the photo below.

The fastening of the rafter board to the ridge bar is carried out using several nails.

In turn, its fastening to the floor beam can be carried out both with the help of nails and by fixing special fastening plates on self-tapping screws.

After all the rafter boards are mounted over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe frame, they begin to install the racks.

In the event that in the future it is planned to equip an attic under the frame as an extension, then it is these racks that will become the frame of the walls.

In parallel with the racks, the roof girders of the house are also equipped. In more detail, the arrangement of rafters on the roof of the house is disclosed in the video below.

Pediment and cornice device

The pediment and cornice are parts of the structure, from which the gable roof of a private house is formed.

The pediment is an important element of the roof extension and its arrangement must be carried out in accordance with all the rules. You should begin to mount the pediment by installing additional racks.

In order to set the gable of the roof as evenly as possible, pull a string between the bottom of the rafter extension.

After the frame for the pediment has been assembled, you should equip the opening for the window. The size and configuration of this window can be arbitrary.

After the frame for the pediment is completely assembled, it must be carefully checked for horizontal and vertical evenness.

It is recommended to equip the pediment of the roof extension of the house as carefully as possible, since it is this part of the house that is primarily paid attention to.

After the gable of the roof extension is completely assembled, its cornice should be properly equipped. The cornice of this building is located along the entire perimeter of the house and, as it were, covers the facade of the walls.

The cornice is hemmed with special boards, while the frontal board must be unfastened at the ends from the inside of the floor beams.

In its lower part, the cornice is hemmed with two belts so that it is convenient to fix the soffit when performing external finishing.

When the cornice and pediment of the roof extension of the house is being set up, holders for the drainage system should be installed on the rafters from the inside of the structure.

At the final stage, it is better to sew up the cornice from the inside with siding.

Lathing and roof insulation

One of the final stages of building the roof of a house is its crate, in addition, it must be insulated from the inside.

To begin with, it is necessary to unfasten a layer of waterproofing material on the rafters, while its surface should subsequently be from the inside of the roof.

After that, you can proceed to the construction of the crate itself. Its installation should be carried out based on what kind of roofing material is supposed to be laid as a roof covering.

As a rule, each roofing material is supplied with detailed instructions, in which all the requirements for the crate are painted.

At the final stage of the work, a frontal overhang is made and the ebb of the upper frame of the house is equipped.

To do this, you need to attach a special wind board to the protruding ends of the finished crate.

After that, the so-called gable overhang fillets are fastened from the inside with self-tapping screws at a distance of one meter from each other.

Two belts are attached to them, which will subsequently be sewn up with siding. After that, it will be necessary to collect triangular filly, which are mounted on the outriggers of the pediment.

Two belts are also attached to them. It remains only to sew up the finished frame with the selected roofing material and.

If you carry out the work in accordance with the technology and in accordance with all the rules, then there should be no question of how to equip the roof of the house without outside help.

In any case, the work of building a roof requires attentiveness and composure from its performers. Any mistake in the installation of the roof can lead to serious consequences in the future.

It is necessary to carefully monitor each stage of work and precisely follow the developed technology for building the roof of a private house.

And the self-built roof of the house is a reason for pride.

july 29, 2015 ( 1 estimates, average: 5,00 out of 5)

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If you are building your house and have already reached the stage of roofing, then from our article you can find out how to do it yourself. The roof is the most important element of any residential structure, therefore special attention should be paid to it. The quality of the roof affects not only the comfort in the house in terms of temperature, but also the overall safety of the building. So, let's analyze step by step instructions for the construction of this unit of the house.

Preparation and calculations

It is important to understand that the roof of a house is difficult and important. structural element... For its construction, it is necessary to clearly calculate the amount of material, and also take into account future loads. We suggest you familiarize yourself (in the table) with the average options for building materials for the construction of a gable roof.

Be sure to calculate the exact amount of material based on the size of the roof of your house. You can purchase material with a small margin, taking into account possible errors and defects. It is recommended to draw up a drawing of the future structure. For this, by the way, you can use modern computer programsthat will help you calculate the amount of material required. After the calculations, we proceed to the direct implementation of the work.

Mauerlat is actually a load-bearing beam that is installed on the top of the erected walls and acts as a support for the entire roof structure. For the Mauerlat, we choose a beam with a section of 100 × 100 mm or 150 × 150 mm, depending on the size of the frame and its future weight.

Installation of the Mauerlat can be done in several ways. The most common of these is to attach the timber directly to the top of the wall. For this, metal studs are attached to the wall, and holes for fastening are made in the bar. A layer of insulating material is laid under the Mauerlat, after which the bar is "put on" on the studs and fixed with bolts. If the wall is wide, the timber can be overlaid with brick, which will give the base for the roof more strength.

You can also fix the Mauerlat with concrete putty, but the best option would still be to fix the bar on special studs. However, for greater strength, you can use several installation options at once.

The gable roof of a house with your own hands is done strictly step by step. After installing the Mauerlat, we proceed to the collection and installation of the rafter system. In our roof version, this structure is an A-piece that works according to the expansion principle. Loads must be foreseen, therefore opposite walls must be reinforced before installing the system. For this, a bar is used (the section can be selected similar to the Mauerlat), which is attached at the level of the ceiling beams.

By the way, the ceiling beams are laid before installing the rafters. The beams are fastened using corners. The installation pitch of the ceiling beams depends on the technical features of your home, but should not be less than 30 cm. Fix the beams securely and constantly check the strength of the structure.

If it is possible to lift a rather heavy load to roof level, the assembly of the system can be carried out on the ground. Otherwise, the system is assembled on ceiling slabs... We take the beams necessary for the rafter legs and form a triangular structure, connecting the parts with nails. The triangle is installed with rafters on the Mauerlat. Be careful and be sure to take into account the desired roof height right away so that you do not have to redo the triangles in the future. Do not forget to check the vertical of the installation with a level and securely fix the structures to avoid distortions. Temporarily, you can use additional fasteners in the form of nailed boards, which can be easily dismantled at the end of work.

Important: First of all, we install side structures on each side of the house.

We firmly fix rafter leg to the Mauerlat. For this we use metal pads. You should have a securely fixed triangular structure, which will act as a kind of "template" to continue working. Taking into account the dimensions of the timber and the angle of inclination of the rafters, we collect new triangles and install them one by one on the Mauerlat. The number and pitch of the rafters depends on the size of the roof.

We strengthen the sides of the triangle with transverse boards (we nail them in the center of each side) and install the racks on the beds. They will play the role of additional support and will prevent deformation of the roof. We attach the ridge girder to the top of the entire system.

This element is a frontal roof “wall” that extends the existing wall of the house. In order for the gable roof of the house to look beautiful and durable with your own hands, it is necessary to strictly maintain the vertical levels of the gables and, accordingly, the rafter system. It is also important to ensure a secure fit, as the roof will be exposed to precipitation and wind, which can lead to distortions. You should also take into account the weight of the future roofing, therefore, in no case should you neglect attention to the reliability of the fastening.

The pediment looks like a triangular structure, which can be assembled both on the ground and directly at the work site. You can envisage having a window at the gable. From below, the pediment is attached to the Mauerlat, and from above to the ridge girder. You can sew up the pediment both at this stage and at any subsequent stages. As a rule, boards of 50 × 100 mm or 50 × 150 mm are used for this. The boards can be mounted both vertically and horizontally - at your choice.

The inner side of the pediment must be insulated and covered with an insulating layer. You can use materials and technology, which we will describe in the next section. As for the outer side of the gable, you can leave it as it is, or you can sheathe it with siding, which will give your roof a beautiful look.

Lathing and insulation

To make a gable roof with your own hands reliable, be sure to insulate it. In the role of insulation, you can use various materials, for example, the very popular mineral wool or other options based on it. It is imperative to provide for the presence of a vapor and waterproofing layer.

We put the waterproofing layer directly on the rafters and fix it. Next, we lay mats made of heat-insulating material, placing them between the rafters with a reliable fix. Next, we lay a layer of vapor barrier, which we place on the inside of the roof. We fix the connections of the layers with a special adhesive tape. On top of the insulating material, you can immediately mount a finishing layer, or you can postpone this stage for later.

Now we turn to the crate. Along the existing rafters, we lay a bar - a counter-lattice. The task of this element is to create a gap between the roofing material and the insulation. This helps remove moisture generated by the convection of warm air from the ceiling and attic.

Next, we mount the direct crate. It all depends on what kind of roofing material you are going to choose. For example, for shingles, the pitch of the lathing should be about 50 mm, and for slate or wide tiles - from 100-150 mm. In other words, it is imperative to take into account the size and weight of the future roofing material. In some cases, you can make a solid crate at all. By the way, this option is considered universal, that is, suitable for any type of coating. But this significantly increases the expense. building material and the very weight of the entire roof.

The installation technology differs depending on the type of coating. For example, when installing bituminous shingles, first of all, lay the underlay on the crate with an overlap of about 150 mm and fix it securely. The carpet can be laid both along and across the existing sheathing, the main thing is to fix it securely.

Next, we install the cornices, if they are provided for by the project. The cornice strip is attached directly to the lining and fixed with nails or self-tapping screws. Do not forget to mount special brackets in the cornice for installation drainage system... After that, attach the end strips to the ends of the roof and proceed to laying the tiles.

We start from the center of the eaves, in both directions to the edges, moving layer by layer to the top of the roof. There is an adhesive layer on the tile, protected by a film - we tear it off and glue each tile to the lining. We fix it with nails in four places. Then we repeat the procedure with each next tile. At the ends, the protruding edges of the tiles must be carefully trimmed and sanded. Do not forget to make roof penetrations - special holes for, for example, an antenna or a chimney. To do this, the tile is drilled in the required place, and the hole is reinforced with rubber along the edges.

A special ridge tile is mounted on the ridge of the roof suitable shape... Here it is necessary to overlap the installation by about 5 mm to avoid rainwater getting under the material. Installation of the roof using other materials is carried out in approximately the same way, taking into account certain nuances for each of the coating options.

Your do-it-yourself gable roof is ready. Now you can move on to the interior decoration of the attic and work on covering the wood with varnish, paint or other suitable materials. As you go, there is nothing complicated in this process: you will need the necessary materials, several assistants, tools and 2-3 days to work.