How to make a 4 pitched roof. Gable roof rafter system: overview of basic structures with description of typical installation. Fastening the corner outlets of the rafter system

If it is necessary to create a durable and reliable roofing system of a private house, a hipped roof can be made with your own hands. It is important to be careful about project development rafter system and strictly observe the technology of assembling structures.

Design of a hipped roof

A hip or hip hip roof differs from a gable roof in the absence of pediments - instead of them, additional triangular slopes are mounted on the ends. Such a structure is more laborious during construction, but it is characterized by increased strength and reliability. At the design stage, it is required to correctly calculate the parameters and arrangement of the elements, during the installation process - to carry out their exact adjustment to the installation sites.

It should be noted that building a roof with your own hands may require the use of non-standard solutions if the builders do not have suitable building materials at their disposal.

The hipped roof project is being developed taking into account all types of loads that it will experience. At the first stage, the angle of inclination of the roof slopes should be determined. This parameter, first of all, depends on factors such as:

• the purpose of the attic;
• selection of roofing material;
• the nature of atmospheric loads in the construction area.

Usually the angle of inclination of the roof slopes is 5 - 60 degrees. If the region is characterized by low rainfall and strong winds, you can build a roof with a slight slope. In areas with heavy snowfall and frequent rains, it is recommended to erect roofs with a slope angle of 45 to 60 degrees.

When choosing a roofing material, you should take into account the features of its installation:

• on slopes with an angle of inclination of less than 18 degrees, flat or wavy slate, roll materials can be mounted;
• if the angle of inclination is less than 30 degrees - you can use different kinds shingles;
• if the slopes are at an angle of 14 to 60 degrees, roofing metal is a suitable material.

The roof structure diagram should contain detailed information about the locations and sizes of system elements. After determining optimal angle the slope of the slopes is required to calculate the height of the roof ridge (based on the right triangle formula).

Rafter system

The device of a hipped roof includes the determination of the required section of the elements of the rafter system. It is performed based on the analysis of the loads that the rafter system will experience during operation. It is necessary to take into account the wind load, the maximum mass of snow in winter period, the angle of inclination of the slopes.

It is recommended to choose a safety margin of the rafters of at least 1.4, as well as assess their bearing capacity and take it into account when calculating the pitch of the rafters. The type of rafter system is selected based on the parameters of the building: if there is an internal load-bearing wall or columnar supports, it is more convenient to use a system with layered rafters, if it is not possible to create a supporting structure, installation of hanging rafters is provided. In some cases, both types of rafters can be used.

In the design process, it is important not only to determine the type of rafter system, but also to find out the need for additional fasteners, such as braces and braces. They provide the rigidity of the entire structure, prevent it from loosening over time, and reduce the load on the rafters.

Calculation of loads

Considering in detail how to make four pitched roof, it is worth paying special attention to the principles of calculating loads. There are two types of loads:

• constant (weight of the battens, insulation, insulation materials, roofing);
• temporary (weight of snow accumulated on the roof, wind impact, etc.);
• additional (any structures attached to the rafters).

According to SNiP, designing the roof should be based on the average value of the snow load, which is 180 kg / m 2, but in the event of a snow bag, the load in such a section increases to 400 kg / m 2. In this case, the snow load is not taken into account if the angle of inclination of the roof slopes exceeds 60 degrees. It is also required to take into account wind loads, but their value is noticeably less - up to 35 kg / m 2. If the slope of the slopes is less than 30 degrees, the correction for the wind can be neglected.

The above average load parameters are recommended to be corrected using correction factors corresponding to the climate in the construction area.

Any suspended objects attached to the roof rafters constitute an additional load. These can be ventilation chambers, a water tank, or other devices installed in the attic. The possibility of their installation should be taken into account at the design stage of the hipped roof.

When designing a rafter system, two calculations must be performed. The first calculation is aimed at assessing the parameters of the strength of the structure - it is necessary to make sure that the system does not break under loads. The second calculation makes it possible to assess the degree of deformation of structural elements. For example, rafter deflection mansard roof should not exceed 1/250 of its length.

Special computer programs-calculators can significantly simplify the calculations of the structure of a hipped roof and avoid possible errors.

After completing the necessary calculations, a drawing of the rafter structure of the hipped roof is drawn up. The detailed diagram contains information on the dimensions of each element and how they are attached.

Materials for the manufacture of the rafter system

Hipped roof do it yourself is usually done using coniferous sawn timber - larch or pine. You should pay close attention to the type of wood - lumber should not have defects that affect its strength and durability.

The moisture content of the wood should be no more than 18-22%. Otherwise, boards and beams should be dried before use in order to avoid deformation of the roofing structure during operation.

To create a rafter system, it is optimal to use a rectangular bar, the section of which is determined by design calculations. As an alternative solution, a board with a cross section of 50 × 100 or 50 × 200 mm can be used. If necessary, double boards are mounted.

Steel elements that hold the rafters and keep their relative position unchanged allow to increase the strength of the multi-pitched roof structure. Supports for the most loaded ridge girders can also be made of metal. Combined structures are characterized by increased strength.

Features of the construction of a hip roof

The support for the roof with four slopes is a Mauerlat, the installation of which is described in detail in the instructions for the construction of a gable roof. A feature of the hip roof is that the Mauerlat is required to be laid on all four external walls of the building. Understanding how to make a hipped roof, it should be noted that the key design feature is the presence of diagonal rafters connecting the ridge and the corners of the structure. It is these rafters that take on the maximum load.

It is imperative to correctly mark the diagonal rafters, ridge run and supports for it. This makes it possible to ensure the absolute symmetry of the structure, which is the key to even distribution of loads on the roof of the structure and prevents its deformation.

After the installation of the Mauerlat, supports are installed under the ridge girder, which must be fixed strictly horizontally at the height provided by the project. Diagonal rafters made of a bar or double board are attached to the ridge girder.

To ensure the required length of the diagonal rafters, in some cases it is necessary to mount them in two parts. To relieve the joint, it is recommended to install a support under it. The greatest rigidity of the structure can be achieved if the joint with the support is located at a distance equal to a quarter of the rafter length from its upper part, fixed to the ridge. In general, for the installation of diagonal rafters, it is most convenient to use prefabricated (glued) rafter legs, which are highly durable and are ideal for the construction of complex structures.

After the installation of the main structure, consisting of a ridge girder and diagonal rafters, the rafters are mounted for mounting the battens. To the features hip roof the use of not only full-size rafter legs, which are attached with the upper part to the ridge (central rafters), but also rafters - corner rafters, resting with the upper end against the diagonal rafters, applies. The length of the beads decreases as you approach the angle of the triangular or trapezoidal slope. The pitch of the rafter legs is determined at the design stage, while at least three central rafters must be mounted on each slope, regardless of its length.

To ensure the rigidity of the entire structure, supports, braces and braces are installed in the right places. The installation of the lathing completes the creation of the rafter system. Waterproofing, roofing material is being installed. Insulation and vapor barrier are fixed from the inside. If it is intended to use the space under the roof as a living space, special attention should be paid to the thermal insulation and ventilation of the roof. In addition, it is necessary to design and then correctly assemble skylights.

Details of how to build a hipped roof on your own can be found in the thematic video.

A roof of four slopes - why is it good? The numerous operational advantages of this type certainly outweigh the disadvantages. Is the hipped roof truss system as simple as many newcomers to the construction business think? You will definitely find out soon! We will describe important nuances and features of the stages of erection of a hip roof in this article.

What you need to know about hipped roof truss systems?

There are two options for hipped roofs: hip roof and hip roof. The first type has the shape of a rectangular envelope, consisting of two main trapezoidal slopes and a ridge, and two pediment (side) slopes - triangles:

A hipped roof is four identical isosceles triangles connected at one top point (resembles a tent):

Both options provide for the installation of both layered and suspended rafters, which are installed using standard technologies.

How to choose the type of rafter system for a 4-pitched roof?

In the absence of a central roof support, the choice is made in favor of a hanging rafter system. If you can find upper and lower supports for each rafter, then you should choose a layered structure. This option is easier and more accessible for non-professional craftsmen. You just need to remember two main conditions: with a rigid fastening of the bottom and top, a reinforced Mauerlat is needed, since the thrust is transferred to it; with a hinged mount or semi-rigid connection (for example, the top is articulated, and the bottom is rigid or vice versa), the Mauerlat does not need to be reinforced:

The choice of one of the types of hipped roof should be determined by the shape of the house itself. Hip rafters are erected for square houses, hip rafters for rectangular ones. Also, you can find complex multi-slope roofs of a combined type, which contain both hip and hip elements.

Both hip and hip structures retain the basic functions of a gable roof (for example, the possibility of arranging an attic) and look very aesthetically pleasing:

Why is a hipped roof more popular than a gable?

"Why then the extra headache and difficulties?" - you ask: "After all, you can build a simple gable roof much faster and cheaper." Here, the masters emphasize some important points in favor of choosing exactly four slopes for the roof:

1. High wind resistance. The four-pitched roof has no gables; all its planes are inclined towards the ridge. Such a structure minimizes the impact of strong winds and reduces possible destructive consequences to "0".
2. The most successful load distribution. The multi-pitched roof withstands the maximum amount of precipitation, since the gentle slopes take part of the main load. Therefore, sagging, deformation and destruction of the rafter system, in this case, have a minimal likelihood.
3. The availability of a choice of any method of roof insulation. Straight gables require a special approach when choosing the type of roof insulation, as they are located vertically and are subject to blowing by the wind. The gentle slopes of the hip and tent systems allow you to uniformly insulate the roof with any available material.

In addition to the listed "pluses", a roof with four slopes perfectly conserves heat, can be clad with any roofing material and always has a neat appearance.

The device of a four-slope rafter system

A four-slope rafter structure consists of the following elements: a mauerlat, a ridge beam, central and hip rafters, slant legs, as well as benches, racks, crossbars, struts and other reinforcing details. Let's consider the most basic elements.

I. Mauerlat

Mauerlat is the most important design detail, since the entire rafter system is supported on it. It is a powerful wooden beam 100x200, 100x250, 100x100, 150x250, 200x200 cm. The Mauerlat is made of solid quality wood, mainly conifers. The rafter system of a hip roof, like any multi-pitched roof, requires a solid fastening of the base bar. The order of installation of the Mauerlat in this case: the formation of a monolithic foundation at the end of the bearing walls with the installation of spiers; laying waterproofing; processing and installation of Mauerlat around the perimeter of the entire house; reinforced with anchors and other fasteners for maximum reliability of the base.

Mauerlat can be laid on the edge of the wall, or in the pocket provided for brick laying on the inside of the bearing walls.

II. Slant legs

Slant legs are four corner rafters that rest on the edges of the ridge and the corners of the Mauerlat. They are the longest among all the rafter legs of the system, therefore they must have a section of at least 100x150 mm for maximum rigidity.

III. Ridge bar

A ridge girder is a horizontal beam that connects all the rafters, the top of the rafter system. The beam must be strengthened with uprights and struts. The ridge should be located strictly parallel to the plane of the attic floor and perpendicular to the uprights.

IV. Rafters

Rafters for a four-pitched roof are divided into: central (mounted on the Mauerlat and the ridge); main hip (mounted on the ridge axis and Mauerlat); intermediate and shortened (installed on slant legs and Mauerlat, connect the corners of the slopes).

V. Reinforcing elements

Additional reinforcing elements include ridge posts, crossbars or floor beams, rafter leg struts, wind beams, etc.

Diy rafter system for a hipped roof

Consider the step-by-step process of erecting a truss structure. For clarity, we have chosen the most popular option - a hip roof. The rafter system, hip roof, a diagram of which, step by step, is presented to your attention below:

Step I: Create the project

To depict your version of the hip roof in the drawing, it is necessary to calculate the height, length, slopes of the slopes and roof area. This is necessary for a clear and high-quality implementation of the project and the selection of the required amount of consumables:

Calculations should start with the choice of the angle of the roof slopes. The optimal slope is considered to be an angle of 20-450. The slope must correspond to the climatic characteristics of the region. So, in especially windy areas, the slope should be minimal, and for areas where precipitation is frequent and abundant, the steepest slope angle is required. In addition to the weather environment, you need to take into account the roofing material that you plan to use. For a soft roof, the slope should be less, for a hard one - more.

And one more small, but important nuance on this issue - it is better to make the slope angle the same for all four slopes. So the load will be evenly distributed, and the structure will be as stable as possible, and the aesthetic appeal will remain "high".

Now, knowing the angle of inclination and width of the house, we can use simple mathematics to calculate the height of the ridge, the length of the rafter legs, racks and other details of the rafter system. When calculating the length of the rafters, do not forget to take into account the eaves overhang (as a rule, its length is 40-50 cm).

The roof area for purchasing the required amount of roofing material is calculated as the sum of the areas of all the slopes of the structure.

How to draw up a roof drawing correctly?

• Select the scale of the drawing and transfer the dimensions of the house to scale on a sheet of paper;
• Next, we transfer the selected dimensions of our roof to the diagram: the height of the ridge, its length, the number and size of rafter legs, struts, racks and all the details, in accordance with the calculations made earlier;
• Now everything can be counted necessary materials and start looking for them.

Step II: Getting Started

For the construction roof frame you will need standard tools and equipment: drills, screwdriver, jigsaws, hammers, chisels, and more. We already know the required amount of materials for the rafter system, so we can make their purchase. The lumber for the frame should be solid, not have cracks, wormholes, have a light shade, without gray or yellow bloom, smell like fresh wood. Damp forest should not be laid on the roof immediately; it must be dried, treated with an antiseptic solution and dried again. The moisture content of the tree should not exceed 20%.

Step III: Mounting the Mauerlat

Mauerlat is the basic part of the entire rafter system. It transfers spacer loads to load-bearing walls houses. Installing a Mauerlat for a hipped roof is no different from similar structures with two or one slope. This process is described in maximum detail in our previous articles.

The base beam, the parameters of which are described above, are placed on the armpole and high-quality waterproofing. If it is necessary to connect the Mauerlat, then the bars are cut in half of the section and overlapped using strong fasteners.

Step IV: Laying the slats or floor beams

If there are load-bearing walls inside the house, then on their ends it is necessary to install rods - the basis for the support racks of the roofing system. If there are no more load-bearing floors in the house, then the attic floor is covered with reinforced beams, on which the supports for the roof are subsequently installed, and then the attic floor pie is laid.

Beams must have a cross section of at least 100x200 mm. The step between them is 60 cm. You can slightly adjust this figure, depending on the characteristics of your home. The distance between the extreme beams and the Mauerlat should not be less than 90 cm. This distance is used for the installation of semi-beams of the eaves overhang (extension). The stems are attached to the two outer beams using strong anchors and reinforced metal corners.

Step V: Installing the support posts, purlins and ridge

The uprights are an important part for supporting the structure, they redistribute the weight of the rafter system onto the beds or floor beams. The racks are installed strictly perpendicular to the plane of the bed. In four-slope systems, the supports are installed under a ridge beam (hip roof) or under corner rafters (hip roof):

The uprights must be securely attached to the base using metal plates and reinforced corners. The purlins are installed as an additional support for the racks. In a hipped roof, the girders are rectangular, and for hips, these are ordinary ridge girders.

After we are convinced of the correctness of the installed supports (using a meter and a level), you can fasten the upper ridge bar. It mounts on vertical posts and is reinforced with reliable metal fasteners (plates, corners, anchors and self-tapping screws). Now we take on the corner stems:

Step VI: Installing the rafters

The first is to install the side rafters, which rest on the ridge beam and the Mauerlat (or are fixed with an extension). To do this, you need to make a template rafter with appropriate cuts. We attach the rafter leg to the ridge, mark the place where the rafters were washed down with a pencil, then mark the place where the rafters were washed down for docking with the Mauerlat and make the saws. Reattach the rafter to the supports to make sure the docking is correct and to correct any deficiencies. This pattern can now be used to make all side rafters. The installation of the rafter legs of the main slopes is carried out along general rules, described in the device of the gable rafter system (see article and video).

Diagonal (corner) rafters are mounted next. Their upper edge is installed on the rack and joins with the edge of the ridge bar. Before this, measurements are made and the corresponding saws of the rafter legs. The lower end of the diagonals is fixed at the corners of the Mauerlat:

Since diagonal rafters are longer than all other legs, they require additional support. This function is performed by sprengels - support beams that are installed under each diagonal leg, in its lower quarter (this is where the greatest load occurs). Sprengel, like the ridge posts, are installed on supporting corner beams located in the plane of the floor beams.

Between the corner ribs, the space is filled with auxiliary rafter legs - wedges. The lower part of them rests on the Mauerlat, and the upper part on the diagonal rafter leg. The step between the rafters should be equal to the step between the side rafters (50-150 cm).

Step VII: lathing

It remains to complete the final stage of the formation of the roof skeleton - the installation of the lathing. These are boards or bars of 50x50 mm, which are attached to the rafters parallel to the ridge run and the Mauerlat. The pitch of the sheathing boards is 50-60 cm. This is quite enough for laying the roofing cake. When a soft roof is provided, the lathing is placed in 2 layers (counter lathing and lathing).

Finally, a few videos:

So, we have described the installation of the four-pitched roof truss system, its basic principles, and even delved into some of the nuances. Hip and hip designs - although not the easiest, but quite a feasible option for every novice master. Especially if he has good helpers. We wish you success in your work!

When building your own home, a lot of responsibility falls on the shoulders. We have to deal with a bunch of issues and participate in the construction process. After all, a reliable roof over your head will ensure a comfortable life.

Difficulties always attract a person. It is not for nothing that they say: "We are not looking for easy ways." This also happens in construction. The four-pitched roof has a complex shape, giving the building a special look. This architecture attracts many. This view especially popular when building country houses... For a one-story house, it would be a good option to build a hipped roof.

In this article

View

The location of the 4 slopes on different sides gives your home a solid look. Often the slopes have different shapes: a pair of them is obtained in the shape of a triangle and plays the role of a pediment, and some are given the shape of a trapezoid.

Difficulties with a hipped roof during calculations and installation scare away many who wish, but if you do not doubt your abilities, then you can safely build it.

Design advantages

A do-it-yourself hipped roof has the following advantages:

• the absence of gables makes the roof more durable and resistant to wind gusts. This type of roof is suitable for areas with windy weather conditions;
• the presence of 4 slopes copes more effectively with the removal of melt and rain water, as well as snow;
• the attic space becomes more spacious, which is ideal for the location of the attic;
• construction of a 4-pitched roof will not cost more than other types.

Types

When making a hipped roof with your own hands, you can distinguish several of its subspecies:

• hip - is the classic option. Has 2 triangular hips and 2 trapezoidal slopes;
• half-hip - has slightly shortened slopes. Great for attic use;
• tent - executed in the form of a pyramid. Ideal for a square building.

Project

Before proceeding directly to construction, it is necessary to create a roof project in order not to make mistakes in the future. How to build a roof? In such a case, step-by-step instructions will help. Having familiarized ourselves with the structure of the house, we proceed to the following:

• we calculate the angle of inclination of the slopes, based on indicators such as wind load, precipitation in your area, type of roofing material. In areas with strong gusts of wind, it is advisable to make the angle of inclination less than 30 degrees, thus reducing the windage. In areas that are constantly covered with precipitation, the desired roof angle is not lower than 65 degrees to prevent the accumulation of snow and water. In an area with a more or less stable climate, a roof from 40 to 50 degrees is perfect. For each type of material, the manufacturer indicates the lowest operating angle;
• we calculate the height of the skate using a number of simple geometry formulas.

The structure of the rafter system

The rafter system of the hipped roof forms the roof frame. It consists of the following elements:

• mauerlat is a bar located along the perimeter of the walls and distributing the load on them. The hipped roof has 4 beams. If the house is wooden, then the pads of the upper rims will be the Mauerlat. In a brick house, a concrete belt is created on top of the walls, into which special studs are mutated. Then the Mauerlat is attached to them;
• ridge beam, or girder, is above all elements. The upper part of the rafters is attached to it. At a 4-pitched roof, it is less than the length of the house;
• rafter legs - boards that create the geometry of the ramps. Their cross section is 50 x 150 mm. The hipped roof has 3 types of rafters: slant, privates, and rafters. The installation of ordinary rafter legs is carried out on the slopes in the form of a trapezoid. Slant rafters are made from a more durable material, since the load on them is greater. The upper part of the slings rests on the ridge run, and the lower part - on the Mauerlat corner. The hip is formed by rafters. They focus on the diagonal rafter legs and support bar;

• the bed is a timber that is used to lay the support wall inside the building. Functionally, the bed transfers the weight and distributes it to the foundation;
• vertical supports - racks, mounting takes place on a bed. They are a support for the middle of the rafter and the girder;
• rafter leg, or brace. Its installation angle is 45 degrees to the rafter. The emphasis is on the rack. Used to prevent the rafters from sagging, to transfer part of the weight to the load-bearing wall;
• the truss is used to support the rafters. It is a vertical support, similar to a rack. Truss trusses are used most often;
• tightening, or crossbar, - horizontal bars that grip the rafter pairs in the upper and lower parts;
• filly - boards that extend the rafters and protect the walls from moisture, forming the overhang of the roof.

Installation procedure

The hipped roof begins with the installation of the Mauerlat, which is laid along the perimeter of the walls. Its section is 150 x 150 mm. When placing, it is necessary to control its level. The timber should be located 5–7 cm from the edge of the wall. We fix it on pre-walled pins. Nuts are screwed on top. Such a beam will connect the structure of the rafters and the walls of the house into a single whole.

To install the racks, you need a bed and floor beams. The size of the bar of such elements is 100 x 200 mm. The installation of the supports is carried out vertically with fastening with plates or a corner. When using a hip roof, the racks are placed in 1 row, and the girder is attached on top. The hipped roof assumes the placement of the supports diagonally. Equal distances are measured from the corner. Thus, a rectangle is obtained, on which we lay the runs. We fix everything with a corner.

Installation of roof truss system

The next step is to make rafter templates. We install side rafters along them. A thin board is suitable for the workpiece. We apply it to the run and mark the wash down. With the second end, which is at the Mauerlat, we also note the wash down. We make the required number of rafters using a template. After choosing the fastening step, we make the installation. The step can be from 60 cm to 1 m. The connection is made with self-tapping screws.

The slope of the slope is determined by the slant rafters. Place them diagonally for additional loading. Double boards are often used for them. We also make cuts according to the template. The upper part of the slant rafters is connected with a crossbar for strength.

The hipped roof connects the slant rafters near the ridge using braces. Installation takes place at an angle of 90 degrees. We connect with wire clamps to the walls.

We attach the people to the diagonal rafters. Their length can vary, but they must be parallel to each other. Ordinary and common rafters together form side slopes.

The hipped roof with its own hands has come to an end. The last stage is its insulation with basalt wool or expanded polystyrene. We lay the material between the rafters. The waterproofing layer will protect from moisture. The lathing directly depends on the type of roof material.

In this video, you can learn more about the construction and design of a slash hip roof:

The roof is just as important as the foundation and walls. Its design sets the mood for the entire architectural ensemble, makes the building neat and attractive. The four-pitched roof has gained wide popularity not only because of high reliability and external attractiveness, but also due to the emerging opportunity to equip additional structures - dormer and dormer windows, bay windows, etc. Despite the fact that the installation of such a roof is a little more expensive and more complicated than a gable structure, it is still not difficult to build it with your own hands.

Advantages of gable roofs over gable structures

One of the main tasks that appears at the stage of designing your own house is the choice of the type of roof. The presence of many options among gable and gable structures requires an answer to the question of which roof to give preference to. And although the aesthetics of the structure plays an important role, the criteria of reliability and practicality still come to the fore.

The gable roof is a classic structure, which is formed by two opposite slopes and a pair of vertical end parts, called gables. The spacious under-roof space allows you to equip the attic, living quarters or use the attic for domestic purposes.

The classic gable roof is easily recognizable by a pair of rectangular ramps that adjoin each other along the central axis of the building, and two triangular pediments at its ends.

Structures of this type, due to their simplicity and practicality, have long remained the most popular in individual construction. At the same time, the dependence of the geometry of the roof on the size of the structure, as well as the complication and rise in the cost of the structure when arranging the attic, forced to search for other, more practical and functional options... And they were found in the form of a variety of hipped roofs, which basically have a pair of triangular and two trapezoidal slopes. The latter are often called hips, and the roof itself is called hip. When erecting a structure of this type, there is no need for pediments and it becomes possible to make the building more modern and original.

The slopes of the simplest hip roof define surfaces in the form of two trapezoids and a pair of triangles

There are several advantages of hip roofs over traditional gable structures:

• the possibility of arranging attic windows directly on the slopes;
• increased strength, reliability and stability of the rafter system;
• increased resistance to weather factors;
• the possibility of increasing the area of \u200b\u200bthe attic by simply reducing the width of the hip base;
• more even distribution of roof weight;
• improved temperature regime when arranging an attic room.

Do not be fooled by the many advantages of a more stylish hipped roof - it also has disadvantages. These include a more complex design, a slight reduction in the size of the attic and an uneconomical waste of roofing material. As for the costs, the budget that will be required for the construction of both roofs does not differ significantly.

The four-pitched roof is not a know-how in architecture - its design has been known since ancient times

Hip roof classification

Differences in the shape of buildings, as well as the requirements for functionality and practicality of traditional hip roofing, have led to many variations. If you do not consider the most exotic of them, there are several main types of hipped roofs.

1. Traditional hip roof, the side slopes of which reach the level of the cornice. For the construction of its main surfaces, straight rafters are used, and the ribs of the hips form bars extending from the ends of the ridge. The well-developed design and distribution of the weight of the roof over an increased area allows not only placing the overhangs on one line, but also increasing their overhang. Thanks to this, the facade of the building is reliably protected from rain even with strong gusts of wind.

   Glazing elements are often built into the slopes of a classic hip roof

2. The hipped roof can be installed on a house that is square in plan. A feature of this design is the slopes of the same configuration. Their ribs converge at one point, and their hips are in the shape of isosceles triangles.

   Hip roofs are widely used in modern individual construction

3. Half-hip roofs got their name from the shortened hips. In contrast to the traditional roof, their length decreases 1.5–3 times in comparison with the dimensions of the main slopes.

   The side slopes of half-hip roofs have a shortened length, so they don't reach the eaves line

4. The Danish half-hip roof has a small pediment under the ridge and a short hip on the eaves side. This design allows the installation of ventilation and lighting elements directly into the vertical end of the roof, thereby eliminating the need to install roof windows.

   The Danish project is good in that it allows you to easily equip attic spaces

5. The semi-hip Dutch roof has a vertical pediment that divides the hip into two short ramps. The rafter system "Dutch", although it has increased complexity, but it allows you to make the attic more spacious and practical. In addition, this design is excellent for installing vertical glazing in the attic.

   The roof, built according to the Dutch project, is still rare in our area.

6. The sloping hipped roof has several slopes of different sizes on one slope. Thanks to their different inclination, it is possible to increase the volume of the roof space. Though broken structure and cannot be called simple, houses with such a roof are very common. The reason for the popularity is the ability to equip additional living rooms on the upper tier. For this reason, a roof with broken slopes is often called an attic.

   The sloping roof makes the architecture of the building somewhat heavier, but it allows you to equip several living quarters in the attic space

There are also more complex structures of many hips, as well as those in which the hipped roof is combined with other types of roofing systems. The design and installation of such a roof requires many years of experience and knowledge, so it is better to entrust the construction of a tricky roof to specialists.

Design of hipped roofs

When developing a hip roof, all types of loads that will act on it are taken into account. To do this, first of all, several important issues should be resolved:

• the purpose of the attic space;
• roofing material;
• the degree of atmospheric impact in the construction region.

Based on these factors, the degree of slope of the slopes and the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof are determined, the load is calculated and a decision is made on the design and parameters of the rafter system.

Geometric parameters of the slopes

The angle of inclination of the slopes depends on the snow and wind load, therefore it varies over a very wide range - from 5 to 60 degrees. In areas with rainy weather and high snow cover, roofs are erected with a slope of 45 to 60 degrees. If the region is characterized by strong winds and minimal rainfall, then the slope can be reduced to the very minimum.

When determining the angular parameters of the roof, it is imperative to take into account what material it will be covered with:

• slate sheets, ondulin, roofing metal and roll materials are laid on slopes with a slope of 14 to 60 degrees;
• the tiles are mounted on a surface with a slope of 30 to 60 degrees;
• roll coating is used on sloping slopes - from 5 to 18 degrees.

Having decided on the angle of inclination of the roof, it is not at all difficult to calculate at what height the ridge will be. To do this, use simple trigonometric formulas for a right-angled triangle.

Roof area

Even the most complex hip roof consists of individual slopes that repeat the contours of the simplest geometric shapes, so most often for calculations it is enough to know the linear dimensions of the base and the angles of inclination of the hips.

To determine the quadrature of the roof, it is necessary to add up the areas of the slopes of which it consists

The total roof area is calculated by summing the quadrature of the individual hips. Slopes of complex configuration are divided into several simple surfaces, after which separate calculations are carried out for each of them.

The principles of calculating the geometric parameters of hipped roofs are based on calculations for simple surfaces

Calculation of loads

The loads acting on the hipped roof are divided into two types:

• permanent,
• periodic.

The first includes the weight of roofing materials, rafters, battens and other frame parts. The second are the efforts that precipitation and wind force exert. In addition, the calculation should take into account the payload in the form of a variety of engineering systems and communications attached to the elements of the rafter system.

Focusing on SNiP, when designing a roof, it is necessary to take a snow load of 180 kg / sq. m. With the danger of snow accumulation on the roof, this parameter rises to 400-450 kg / sq. m. If the roof has a slope angle of more than 60 degrees, then the snow load can be ignored - on surfaces with such steep slopes, precipitation does not linger.

The force of wind loads is much less - up to 35 kg / sq. m. If the roof slope is from 5 to 30 degrees, then the effect of the wind can be neglected.

The above parameters of atmospheric effects are averaged values \u200b\u200badopted for the middle lane. When performing calculations, correction factors should be used depending on the region of construction.

Calculation of the rafter system

When calculating the rafter system, the pitch of the rafters and the maximum load that they can carry are determined. Based on these data, a decision is made on the installation of braces, which contribute to the redistribution of the load, and puffs, which protect the frame from loosening.

The main load of the hip roof falls on the diagonal rafters

The presence of hips on hipped roofs, in addition to ordinary rafters, also requires the installation of diagonal (in other words, slant-type) - those that are attached to the ridge and directed to the corners of the building. Their length is greater than the transverse nodal elements of the roof. In addition, shortened elements are attached to the diagonal ribs. Compared to conventional rafters, the slant legs experience a 1.5–2 times greater load, so their cross-section is doubled, and to ensure multi-span they are supported with one or two racks.

Often, hip roofs have a complicated rafter system, which, in contrast to a simple four-slope structure, exerts additional load in the places where vertical supports are installed. This feature must be taken into account when calculating strength. timber frame roofs.

The distance of laying the rafters is called a step and is determined based on the length of the rafter leg and the section of the lumber used. It is most convenient to determine this parameter by using special tables, one of which is given below.

Table: dependence of the section and pitch of the rafters on their length

Manual calculations are quite time consuming. To reduce design time, you can use one of the online hip roof calculators. With its help, you can determine not only the geometric parameters, but also a lot of other equally important factors:

• the amount of moisture and thermal insulation, taking into account overlaps;
• the amount of roofing material, including waste generated during cutting;
• the amount of lumber required to equip the rafter system;
• length of overhangs, etc.

Video: using a construction calculator to calculate the roof

What materials will be needed to assemble the rafter system

For the construction of a hip roof, timber and boards made of larch, pine and other coniferous wood are best suited. When choosing a material for construction, it is necessary to carefully reject defective boards. Fungus damage, knots and cracks reduce the strength of the boards and affect the durability of the roof. When the moisture content of the wood is more than 22%, lumber is stacked in the open air and dried. It should be understood that unfinished boards can warp, and this, in turn, will lead to a violation of the geometry of the roof with possible damage to the finish coating.

To assemble a wooden frame, a rectangular bar with a cross section from 80x80 mm to 150x150 mm is used - the exact parameters are determined by calculation or using the table above. Alternatively, you can use a board with a section of 50x100 mm or 50x200 mm. If there is a need to strengthen the rafter leg, then use paired boards.

For reliable fastening, as well as increasing the rigidity of the wooden frame, steel brackets and other metal elements are used. Often, not wooden, but steel supports are installed under especially loaded ridge girders. Combined frames have increased strength and reliability.

Features of the rafter system

In order to properly design and install a hipped roof, it is necessary to understand in detail its structure, as well as the features of arranging hip roofs of the most common types.

The device of the rafter system in detail

The hip roof frame consists of most of the same parts as the gable, but a more complex rafter system requires the installation of additional elements. Upon closer examination, you can find the following components:

All of these elements can be found in any type of hipped roof. The only exception is the hipped roof, which does not have side rafters and ridge beams.

In wooden and frame houses, the rafter system is mounted without a Mauerlat. In the first case, its functions are taken over by the extreme crowns, and in the second - by the upper strapping.

Varieties of rafter systems for hip roofs

Since the basis of the rafter system of the hip roof is made up of nipple rafters, the following rules must be followed when installing the roof frame:

1. In structures where the slant legs experience an increased load, a beam of double thickness is used for their manufacture.
2. The splicing of individual parts of the diagonal rafters is performed in places with a maximum load (most often in their upper part) and strengthened with struts and vertical racks installed at an angle of 90 ° to the rafter legs.
3. In the manufacture of overhead rafters, a margin should be provided for on-site trimming, therefore, the calculated length of the timber is increased by 5-10%.
4. The critical junctions of the rafter legs must be reinforced with metal fasteners - staples, twists or perforated construction strips.

When choosing a rafter system, it is imperative to take into account the size of the building and the presence of internal supports or capital walls. Based on the specific conditions, choose a scheme with hanging or layered rafters.

Hanging rafter system

Roof structure with hanging rafters has no support along the centerline, so the bulk of the weight falls on the walls of the outer perimeter. This feature manifests itself in the redistribution of internal forces - the rafter system is subjected to compressive and bending loads. As for the walls, significant bursting forces are transferred to them. To eliminate this factor, each pair of rafters is connected with each other by so-called puffs - jumpers made of wooden beams or rolled metal.

The tightening can be located both at the base of the rafter legs, and above. In the first case, the lintel will also play the role of a transverse beam, which is a good option during the construction of a mansard roof. If the tightening is installed in the area of \u200b\u200bthe center line or higher, then it will perform only the function of a securing link. It should be noted that the cost of the rafter system depends on such a seemingly insignificant moment as the installation height of the puffs. The higher the transverse jumpers are located, the larger the cross-section of all the components of the wooden frame should be.

Hip roofs with layered and hanging rafters have differences between the supporting structural elements

Construction with layered rafters

A hip roof with layered rafters is suitable only for those houses whose interior space is divided into two equal parts by a main wall or supporting pillars installed to support the ceiling. In this case, the lower edge of the rafter legs rests on the Mauerlat, and the middle part on the supporting wall. The presence of additional points of support allows you to unload the elements of the rafter system, removing from them, as well as from the walls of the building, alternating horizontal forces. Like roof beams, rafters begin to work only for bending. The frame with layered rafters becomes more rigid and durable compared to the structure, which uses unsupported rafters. And this despite the fact that in the first case, you can use a bar of a smaller section. And this helps to reduce the weight of the wooden structure and reduces the cost of purchasing lumber.

Installation of a hipped roof

The assembly of the rafter system must be performed in a strictly defined order. This is necessary in order to properly install and secure all structural elements roofs.

1. To redistribute the load on the walls roof structure, wind and precipitation, a Mauerlat is laid on the outer walls. In individual construction, for these purposes, a bar with a section of at least 100x150 mm is used. Anchor pins are used to fasten the longitudinal beams of the structure. They must be laid in the upper rows of masonry even at the stage of wall construction. Mauerlat waterproofing is performed using two layers of roofing material, which is laid over the load-bearing walls.

   Mauerlat is attached to the load-bearing wall with bolts or anchors

2. If it is necessary to install vertical supports, planks are laid on the supporting walls. For horizontal alignment of the elements of the rafter system, wooden linings are used. In the future, this will greatly simplify the installation of racks and purlins. If the capital partitions are not provided for by the building plan, then the vertical supports are mounted on the floor beams. To do this, they are reinforced by splicing two boards of 50x200 mm or using one beam of 100x200 mm.

   Support of vertical racks on beams is allowed only if the structure rests on a main wall

3. Expose the support posts. To align them, use a plumb line or laser level, after which temporary supports are installed. Metal corners and plates are used to attach the vertical support to a bed or horizontal beam.
4. Girders are laid on top of the racks. Traditional hip roofing requires the installation of one run, which, in fact, forms the ridge. Hip structures require the installation of four girders. As with the installation of racks, fastening is performed using metal corners and self-tapping screws.

   The ridge girder can be attached either directly to the rafter leg or by means of wooden pads

5. Preparing the rafters. The side rafter legs of simple gable roofs are mounted in the same way as layered ones on a gable roof. First you need to make a template. For this, from the side of the extreme support, a board of the same width is applied to the ridge as the rafters. Its thickness should not exceed 25 mm - the template should be light. On this board, a cut is noted, which is necessary for reliable support and an accurate fit of the rafter leg to the ridge bar, as well as a cutout corresponding to the place where it joins with the Mauerlat. The marked places are cut out and then used to quickly prepare the rafter legs.

   Making a template can reduce the time it takes to prepare the rafters for installation

6. When applying the manufactured sample to the girder, it is necessary to check whether an exact fit of the rafters is necessary. If there are gaps, the cuts in the rafters are performed taking into account the amendments. After all the supporting legs are ready, they are set in 50-150 cm increments and attached to the Mauerlat and the ridge. Brackets are best suited for installation, but you can also take powerful metal corners.
7. As already mentioned, diagonal rafters are made from spliced \u200b\u200bboards or a bar of an increased section. For their installation, you will also need a template, which is prepared in full accordance with the method described above. Since the rafters with one side adjoin the corner of the Mauerlat, and the other rest on the racks, the cut is performed at an angle of 45 ° to the plane.

   The layout of the rafters and rafters on the hip roof is performed according to the template

8. In the intervals between the rafters, the beads are attached. Their step corresponds to the distance between the rafters, and the diagonal legs and the Mauerlat are the support points. The load experienced by the rafters cannot be compared with the weight that falls on the rafters, so the former can be built from boards 30-50 mm thick. To speed up the installation, you will need a template with cuts on the side of the diagonal rafters and Mauerlat, but the cutouts on the half of the rafters must be made in mirror image.

   The use of metal fasteners makes the rafter system more rigid and stable

9. If necessary, filly are fastened to the rafters and the beggars. The ends of the rafter elements are cut along the cord.

   Attaching the rafters to the Mauerlat can be done in several ways

10. Reinforce the slant and side rafters. In the first case, vertical sprengels are used, and in the second, struts installed at an angle of 45 °. They are supported on beds or beams.
11. After the rafter system is assembled, a roofing pie is installed on top of it.

    The rafter system is prepared for the installation of roofing materials

Lathing and insulation

Before proceeding with the installation of the lathing, a vapor barrier is laid on top of the rafters, and, if necessary, a roll of thermal insulation. On top, the layer of insulation is covered with a waterproofing film, which is mounted with an overlap of 10–20 mm wide and attached to the timber with a construction stapler. After that, counter-lattice slats are nailed to the rafters. If the roofing cake is mounted without insulation, then vapor barrier is not required - a layer of moisture-resistant material will be enough. Of course, additional slats are not needed in this case, since the boards supporting the roof will be attached directly to the rafters and rafter legs.

Depending on the type of roofing material, one of two types of lathing is used on hip roofs:

• solid;
• sparse.

The first is most often equipped with soft roof and only in some cases - for arranging the attic space. Sheathing of this type is made of boards with a width of 100 to 200 mm and a thickness of at least 20-25 mm. Installation is carried out without gaps. In addition, the use of plywood sheets and OSB boards is allowed. Their advantage is an extremely flat surface, which allows you to lay roofing material with a minimum of time and effort.

Under the soft roof, they equip a continuous crate made of OSB, plywood or boards stuffed without a gap

For a sparse lathing, the same boards are used as in the first case, but they are mounted with a gap. Since this type of base is used for laying slate, corrugated board, metal tiles and roofing iron, the distance between the individual boards must take into account the characteristics of the roofing material.

The lathing is fastened with nails, the length of which is equal to three times the thickness of the boards. If self-tapping screws are used for fixing, then a shorter threaded fastener with a length corresponding to double the thickness of the lumber can be used.

For fastening slate, ondulin and others sheet materials use a sparse crate

The wooden base of the roofing cake is mounted from the bottom up, with the first board of each slope being set parallel to the Mauerlat. First, the crate is stuffed on the hips, after which the protruding edges are cut off with a hacksaw flush with the diagonal ribs. Next, they proceed to fastening the lumber on the main slopes, releasing the edges of the boards for the nesting rafters. After that, the ends of the boards are sawn down similarly to the first case.

Video: we build a hip roof with our own hands

Typical hip roof project

When building a simple hip roof, you can use a typical project that was developed by specialists. Design documentation includes:

• technological map;
• roofing design;
• rafter system diagrams;
• drawings of sections and corner abutments;
• statement and specification with a complete list of materials used.

As an example, below is the documentation for a typical project of a hip roof for a 155 sq. m.

Gallery: drawings and diagrams of a hipped roof

The drawing indicates the exact dimensions of all roof elements At the base of the truss there are triangles. The rafters of the trapezoidal slopes rest on the long load-bearing walls of the structure. rafter fastenings wooden and metal products are used Fastenings allow transferring the load from one element of the system to another

Despite the seeming complexity of a gable roof, it is not much more difficult to build it with your own hands than a gable structure. It is only important to carefully understand the purpose of the individual elements and the principles of building the rafter system. For the rest, the reliability and durability of the roof will still depend on adherence to technology and accuracy of installation. As for the additional complications and costs, they will pay off with complete satisfaction from the work, which will make the building brighter and more attractive.

Presentable appearance, reliability, durability - all this is a hipped roof, the drawing, calculation and installation of which, of course, is quite difficult to do on your own, but you can always turn to qualified specialists for help.

A noticeable advantage of hipped roofs is that in such buildings it is very convenient to equip attic floors... The premises are very comfortable and spacious, ideal for living in contrast to houses, for example, with gable roofs.

Currently, more and more buildings made according to this plan began to appear. Plus a multi-pitched roof - the ability to use it on completely different buildings, from a bathhouse to a large private cottage.

Houses with hipped roofs look really solid and expensive, and therefore, you should not spare the time and money for its arrangement.

The main types of hipped roofs

There are no pediments (these are the triangular ends of the facades of the building, bounded on the sides by two roof slopes, and at the base by a cornice) on such a roof, but attic windows placed in slopes.

This roof is much more economical than a gable roof in terms of the cost of wall building materials, but inclined ribs at the joints of the hips and frontal slopes require the installation of a very complex rafter structure and additional measurement, adjustment of the roofing material.

Slopes are often made with different levels of inclination, due to which the silhouette of a sloping roof is created.

• Half-hip (Danish) design. It differs from the previous one by the presence of a pediment, which has a small hip at the top. Protection against wind loads at such a roof is provided by a ridge (the upper horizontal edge of the roof formed by the intersection of two slopes). Most often, such a roofing device is found in regions with frequent strong winds.

• Hip design. It looks like a pyramid: four triangular slopes, converging tops in one place. Such roofs do not have gables; they are erected on small buildings in the form of an equilateral polygon or square. Installation of a rafter system at such a roof is very difficult.

Creating a hipped roof project

Before starting work on the arrangement of the roof, it is necessary to design it, carry out calculations for the structure, and also create its drawing.

The project of a hipped roof provides that the slope of the slopes of such a roof can be in the range from 5 to 60 degrees. It depends on atmospheric loads, the purpose of the attic and the type of roofing materials used.

In areas with frequent and heavy precipitation, the slope of the slopes should be significant (from 45 to 60 degrees). In regions with strong winds and occasional rainfall, the slope of the slopes is usually much less.

If the angle of inclination is approximately 5-18 degrees, the use of a roll cover is recommended; 14-60 - asbestos-cement sheets, roofing metal; 30-60 - shingles.

The height of the roof ridge is calculated using a trigonometric expression for right-angled triangles.

Calculation of rafters - the beginning of drawing up the entire project of the house. Their cross-section is determined depending on the expected load (weight of rafters, roof cake, external influences), and the degree of roof slope. With the help of calculations, the step between the rafters is also determined, their bearing capacity is checked.

The plan of the rafters of the hipped roof provides for which rafters are advisable to use - layered or hanging. It also turns out if additional elements are needed: braces, tightening, etc.

If it happens that the standard parameters of lumber are not suitable for the future roof, you can modify them. For example, you can lengthen the rafters or double the beams. You can also use glued or inlaid rafter legs (they are noticeably more powerful and longer than usual).

Impact of loads on the rafter system

The rafters are subjected to constant (the mass of the roof, battens, rafters, etc.) and temporary (wind, precipitation) loads. The main design parameter of the snow load adopted in Russia for the middle lane is 180 kg / m2. A snow bag can increase this figure to 400-450 kg / m2.

If the roof slope is greater than 60 degrees, the snow load is not taken into account.

The standard design value of the wind load for central Russia is 35kg / m2.

If the roof slope is less than 30 degrees, the wind correction is not taken into account in the drawing.

The load parameters are adjusted for local climate conditions using special factors. The total roof mass is calculated based on the amount of materials used and the total area of \u200b\u200bthe structure.

The calculations include indicators of the payload on the system if ceilings are suspended from the farms, water heating tanks, ventilation chambers, etc. are installed.

It is mandatory to calculate the strength of the rafters and the degree of possible deformation under various conditions.

Most often used as rafters: rectangular timber with a section corresponding to the calculated loads, boards with parameters 5 × 15, 5 × 20 cm.

Most often, the choice is made on coniferous sawn timber (spruce, pine) with a moisture content of 18-22%, treated with antiseptics and fire retardants.

To increase the rigidity and stability of the geometry of the rafter system of the pitched roof, steel elements are sometimes introduced.

Installation and installation of the rafter system

Before proceeding with the installation, you need to select the necessary materials and tools. In addition, it would be nice to get a drawing of the entire structure on paper. Of the materials you will definitely need: thermal insulation ( mineral wool, for example), waterproofing, vapor barrier, wooden beams, roofing material, lathing wood. Required tools: drill, screwdriver, hammer, nails, self-tapping screws, level, tape measure, measuring stick, etc.

The scheme of a hipped roof assumes the presence of rafters, support beams, braces, and other elements necessary to give the entire structure rigidity.

Rafters with a cross section of 5 × 15 cm will add reliability to the structure. When shopping for lumber on rafters, do not choose wet, twisted, or severely flawed.

Installation of the roof is always done from the bottom up. The first step is to lay the support beams (Mauerlat), on which the rafters are subsequently installed. So you get a lower frame, which should extend beyond the walls by 40-50 cm. It is not desirable that the bulging of the rafters from the edges of the walls exceeds the limits specified above, otherwise the object will look inharmonious.

Do not forget to check the correct installation with a building level.

If the building wooden walls, support beams are not needed, since the upper crown of the frame will act as a Mauerlat.

After, from each corner of the building, frame rafter legs are installed, they are called diagonal (diagonal) legs. The upper parts of the rafter legs, if necessary, can be supported by a system of braces and struts. Their main task is to unload the rafters by redistributing the load along the internal walls or supporting pillars, and also to give the entire structure sufficient rigidity.

You should be especially careful with the nodes for attaching the rafter legs to the Mauerlat. These are the main points that are responsible for the strength of the rafter system as a whole. The overhang of the hipped roof is adjustable by the length of the diagonal rafters.

A special table of coefficients with the ratios of length and laying of rafters for different slopes of the roof slope will help in the work. In one column, the coefficients for the intermediate are indicated, in the other - for the corner rafter legs.In order to calculate the required rafter length, multiply the laying by the coefficient. You can easily find such a table on the Internet.

In places where there are no load-bearing walls, the rafter heels can be placed on the longitudinal beams (side girders). In addition, a beam is mounted in the center, it is mounted on three supports: in the middle and at both ends.

If you have a large roof area, you cannot do without the arrangement of truss trusses, which will take on part of the load from the rafters. Truss trusses need a tightening device on which they will be supported. Sometimes they can be attached to existing transverse or longitudinal beams.

The parameters related to the height and degree of roof slope are determined precisely by the height of the slanting rafters and the horizontal upper beam (ridge run).

After you have installed the rafter guides, proceed with the construction of the main frame. Fasten the inclined (rafter) rafters to the support beams, as well as the ridge run.

They should be installed in increments of 40-50 cm, no more. If the gaps are too large, the rafter system may not withstand the loads from the snowfall. The diagram of the rafter system of a hipped roof must take this fact into account.

Fasten the inclined rafters together at a distance of about a meter from the top rafter beam using boards with a cross section of at least 4 * 12 cm.

It is not necessary to select the rafters strictly in length, because they will most likely have to be cut. The main thing is to make sure that they are not too short.

• in order to reduce the likelihood of errors to a minimum, use not a tape measure for measurements, but a special measuring rod;
• mark the centerline along the top trim of the end wall. After that, measure half the thickness of the ridge bar, draw a line for the placement of the first of all central intermediate rafters;
• align the end of the rail with the line for the placement of the rafter you marked earlier. At the other end of the measuring rod, copy the line of the inner contour of the side wall (thereby you will lay the intermediate rafter). Transfer the line of the outer contour of the wall and the overhang of the roof to the measured rail;
• to determine the future location of the second of the central rafters, move the measuring rail to the wall from the side, transfer the desired position of the rafter to it from inner corner top strapping;
• repeat the entire algorithm of actions in each of the corners. By following this diagram, you will determine the location of the ends of the ridge bar, as well as all the center intermediate rafters.

After installing the rafter system in accordance with the plan, they make a crate, vapor barrier, waterproofing, counter-lattice, as well as roof insulation.

The final stage of the construction of a hipped roof

After the installation of the entire structure, a hipped roof (like any other) provides for the creation of a crate. For this purpose, wooden boards with a thickness of 50 or 40 mm are used. The main thing is that the material is of high quality and well dried.

Before the installation of the lathing, it is necessary to lay a film that insulates the roof from steam and moisture. This film is attached with a stapler. In addition, in no case should the thermal insulation, which should be equipped in the attic, be overlooked. Thermal insulation is necessary to maintain a normal temperature in the building. And after that, a four-pitched roof is installed.

And the last step is laying the roofing. You are not limited in your choice, be guided by your own taste, material capabilities and design features your roof. The main thing is to attach the material firmly enough, carefully so that rain cannot penetrate into the room through the joints, and the wind cannot tear off fragments of the roof.

The scheme of the rafter system of the hip roof is very complicated, as already mentioned more than once above, but you should not be afraid of it. The most important thing is to make all calculations and measurements correctly, and also not to be mistaken with the markup. Having thoroughly understood this once, you can easily repeat a similar construction. Of course, it will be quite difficult for one person to cope with the upcoming volume of work, so a couple of assistants will not hurt.