Gable roof windows. How to properly equip an attic window: a technological overview How to properly make a skylight

• Windows built into the roof structure are quite common, especially since attics have long ceased to be used only as a warehouse for old things. And they provide additional lighting. The rationalism of our time does not interfere with a creative approach to the re-equipment of the attic for various useful premises: a bedroom, an office and more.

  In architecture attic window defined as a window opening in a roof with an attic. Thus, what is the name of the attic window, lucarna, dormer, dormer or even a birdhouse, in fact, does not matter. All of them are needed for airing and lighting the under-roof space. The only question is how convenient it is to open them, and in general they are closed or not.

  What are attic windows for?
  

  • First of all, the windows of the attic are intended for ventilation, and this applies to almost any of them: both attic and technical.

  On a note

  In a cold attic, they also help to equalize the pressure inside and outside the room during strong wind... Otherwise, the lifting force generated by the hurricane wind will make the roof off the house. Competent device a dormer window in the attic (see photo) will save you from such a nuisance.

  • Another purpose of window structures is to illuminate the attic. Sun rays not only should they penetrate under the roof, but the space under the roof should be sufficiently light. This requirement is important not only for living quarters, but also for technical ones, because mold develops in semi-darkness. The only thing is that you need to choose the right shape in order to provide the luminous flux necessary for a given room.
  • The attic window is also used for access to the roof.

  Classification by design features

  The name "skylight window" speaks for itself. Before embarking on the installation of windows in the roof, you need to familiarize yourself with the varieties of similar structures and the requirements of SNiP.

  Structures can be located in different ways. According to this principle, they are divided into:

  • Vertical or end. They are located on the end wall. Simple and easy to operate and maintain, they are easy to open and close, wash and paint;
  • Horizontal. Significantly increase the illumination of the interior space, but make it difficult to clear the snow accumulated on the roof;
  • Balcony or recessed. Through them you can go out to the balcony terrace or balcony. If we talk about providing illumination, then from this point of view, they are not very effective;
  • Inclined. A window in the attic roof of this design appeared relatively recently, but immediately became in demand, since it can almost double the illumination of the interior space. In addition, it fits perfectly into the structure of the roof of the house;
  • ... It is a completely transparent structure that is mounted on a flat attic roof. It provides good enough illumination and does not cast shadows;
  • Light tunnels... A tube-like structure that rests against a luminaire inside the attic, which evenly diffuses light;
  • Cornice. They combine the features of horizontal and inclined windows. Their installation is possible only if there is a high wall of at least 180 cm.

  Classic species and their new varieties

  

  Window structures for attics differ, in particular, by the type of roof:

  • Complex shaped attic windows, as a rule, have an unusual geometric shape and give the house a certain style. On the one hand, they fit perfectly into the roof, and on the other, they interestingly change its shape and design.
  • The round window looks like a porthole. It is made either entirely of glass or in the form of a stained-glass window - so often stylishly decorated mansions. For flat roofs sometimes dome structures are chosen using translucent materials.
  • Pretty interesting solution - semicircular shape, which is distinguished by smooth graceful lines of the roof. For example, the construction of the "bull's eye" type cannot be overlooked, it is so effective. Plus it is very functional.

  Attic windows and their size

  

  The size and shape of attic windows is determined based on design features roofs, and their functionality is largely determined by the location. They should not be too small - through this small window in the attic in case of emergency, say, in the event of a fire, it will be impossible to get out.

  There is a definite relationship between the size of the window structure and the rafter spacing. For example, for a flat roof with a slope of up to 30˚, the length should start from 1.4 m, and the width should be 40-50 mm less than the distance between the supporting elements of the rafter system.

  On a note

  When device tiled roof the width of the window is chosen as a multiple of the width of the tile.

  Installation

  

  • The simplest is the design of the hatch, which is located between the adjacent elements of the rafter system. At the same time, the supporting system of the roof remains unchanged: the front posts are resting on the rafter legs with the lower end, and nailed to the rafter legs with the upper end. The side walls are placed on short posts. The width of the structure is limited by the size of the step of the rafters and is usually equal to either 60 cm or 90 cm.
  • If you need to increase the width of the hatch, then the rafters are reinforced.
  • cut through, if necessary, one or two rafter legs, and the extreme rafters that frame the contours of the attic window are doubled;
  • Between the extreme rafter legs, the beams are laid, which connect the cut ends of the rafter legs in the lower and upper parts. Otherwise, the installation repeats the structure of the previous type.
  • If the intended width is even greater, a self-supporting structure is the best solution. It is also valuable in that it does not create additional load on the roof.

  Consider the technology of a more complex attic window

  Bull's eye lukarna device

  

  A similar design is thought out at the design stage. First of all, this applies to the supporting frame and the front wall.

  An essential point in the design of the latter is the ratio between the height and length of the front wall, which varies depending on the roofing material used.

  "Bullseye" is mainly covered with tiles: flat, say, "beaver's tail", ceramic groove or cement. If desired, you can use environmentally friendly wood shingles or straw. The easiest way to cover is flat shingles.

  Let's note these ratios for popular roofing materials.

In order to lighten and ventilate the attic or the attic, windows must be installed in the roof. In this article we will tell you how to build windows for the roof of private houses, what they are and what are the main differences between them.

Types of roof windows

To understand the name of a skylight, you need to figure out what it can be. If it is positioned vertically and embedded in rafter system roof, and also serves for lighting and ventilation of the attic, we are talking about a dormer. In the same time, roof windows integrated into the roof at an angle, which allows for better light access. In addition, such windows are much easier to build. It is noteworthy that dormer windows first appeared at the beginning of the 19th century, and dormer windows after World War II.

When determining which of the options is suitable in a particular case, it is worth considering some of the architectural features of the building. If the house is old, and make any changes to it appearance undesirable, the best option there will be a dormer. At the same time, roof windows are in great demand. You can turn to this option if you want to equip a residential attic above the house.

Let's take a closer look at what dormer roofing windows are. To make such a window, it is necessary that there are special niches in the roof. The frame of the window should be docked in several places with the main rafter structure, therefore, accurate calculations are required for its arrangement. The side walls and pediment will need to be sheathed with plywood and finishing materials. The place where the window opening will be joined to the main roof must be insulated and waterproofed.

But the roof windows of the attic type are fixed between two rafters. As a rule, such windows are installed in roofs with a slope of 15-20º, as they will be exposed to precipitation. Currently, roof windows are produced, which are reliably protected from leaks and cold air. However, you should not try to make them yourself; it is best to purchase a ready-made structure from the manufacturer. Such windows in the attic roof will need to be secured with a support plate. They are also equipped with a special flashing, that is, a metal frame, which can be opened using friction hinges so that water that gets inside it drains onto the roof.

We mount a window in the old roof of the attic

Quite often, when the owners of private houses seek to equip a window in the attic, they still do not want to overhaul the roof. In this case, the arrangement of the auditory opening would be an acceptable solution. It is quite possible to make such a skylight with your own hands.

Location selection

According to the regulations, the width of the window should not exceed 10% of the roof perimeter. This is because large openings lead to significant losses. Moreover, glazing is not able to fully protect the roof from external influences. It is best if the window opening is located in the center of the roof between the load-bearing beams.

DIY frame installation

Before installing the window on the roof, it is necessary to cut a hole in the required size in the roofing material, for example, slate. Next, mount the roof rafters wooden frame from a bar of 40 × 50 mm, in which the window frame is installed. It is advisable to use stainless steel fasteners. The frame itself is fixed on the rafters with self-tapping screws. Alternatively, you can equip a frame window built into the roof, which will be parallel to the main roof, however, it is better not to carry out such work on your own.

For waterproofing, you can use the following sealants:

• acrylic;
• based on bitumen;
• silicone;
• self-expanding vapor barrier tape.

It should be noted that the latter option is the most acceptable. The top of the gap can be filled with acrylic based sealant. It is advisable to perform all work in a dry and warm season. However, for those who still want to equip a dormer window in the attic roof with their own hands, we will describe this process in more detail.

Dormer types

If we are talking about a dormer with a flat roof, it must be equipped with gutters. In this regard, the slope of its slope should be within 5-15º. Quadrangular window with one or two pitched roofit should have steeper slopes with a slope of 15º.

Triangular dormer windows are very often installed in country cottages. This design assumes the absence of side walls, the function of which is performed by the slopes. Although in this case less effort is required to perform waterproofing, the access of light through such windows is significantly reduced. The exceptions are cases when the front part of the window is directed to the facade of the entire building. One of the new varieties of dormer windows is the round-shaped window opening.

The optimal choice among all types of skylights is a kind of rooflight shape. Along with the fact that such a structure does not weigh down the roof, it provides high-quality lighting of the attic. There are standards for dormer windows, which are taken into account during design: the width of the opening should not exceed ½ the width of the attic, the distance from the floor to the lower edge of the dormer should be from 0.9 meters. The quality of lighting improves as the height of the window is increased.

Fastening the frame in the roof

It is necessary to install the truss system for the dormer window simultaneously with the installation of the common roof frame. In the case of a gable window, such a frame will be a separate roof in miniature. It is noteworthy that reinforced rafters should be installed near the openings where the dormer windows will be located, which can withstand the additional load transmitted by their rafter system.

Cross-members are mounted on top of the rafter legs: the upper one will correspond to the dimensions of the window, and the lower one should be located at the level of the outer wall of the building. On the lower beam, vertical supports are attached, connected at the top by a transverse beam. As a result, a frame is obtained, which must be connected to the upper beam placed on the rafters using longitudinal beams. After that, the rafter legs for the dormer window will be attached to this frame.

What frame is needed for a triangular window

Please note that when installing jumpers, you should not weaken the bearing capacity of the main rafter legs by making cuts on them. It is advisable to use metal fasteners to fix the frame parts. When the level check is complete, you can proceed with the installation of the ridge and small rafter legs for the skylight. You can make the work of making rafters easier if you first create templates. A moisture-resistant finishing material must be sewn on the side walls of the dormer. The finishing roof covering on the skylight is laid simultaneously with the roof overlap on the main building.

To avoid leaks and deformation of wooden roof structures, the joints between the main roof and the dormer must be properly waterproofed.

The question of how to make a skylight arises when building new or renovating old buildings. In this case, the owner of the house seeks to make the most of the available space. The attic floor is a good way to increase the usable area, subject to competent natural light.

There are two groups of roof windows: dormers and dormers. Each has structural differences and requires its own approach to installation.

Dormer windows (second name - lucarnes) have been used for centuries for ventilation of non-residential attic, and later found their use for attic floors... They are always vertical. A competent designer, choosing one of the various forms of lukaren, in addition to the utilitarian goal, will be able to give the building's external appearance sophistication and originality.

Dormer windows are:

• with a flat roof with a slope up to 15 degrees;
• quadrangular under a gable or gable roof;
• with a hip roof;
• triangular;
• panoramic with a trapezoidal roof;
• anti-aircraft lantern - completely glass surface of the original form;
• semicircular.

Since these skylights are mounted in a structure with side walls, less light passes through them than through an opening of the same size with a dormer window. Dormer windows are installed on a roof of any shape: single-slope, gable or more complex. When installing a hatch in a new house, the design of its elements is developed and installed simultaneously with the main load-bearing elements of the roof. When reconstructing old houses, it is recommended to place the skylight between the supporting beams for stability.

Vertical racks are attached to the lower part of the box, which are connected between the transverse beam (when arranging a triangular window, they converge at the desired angle). As a result, one more, now vertical, box of the front part of the frame comes out. The upper element of the roof of the dormer - the ridge beam - is attached to the load-bearing elements of the roof through the lintel. The latter cannot be cut into the rafter legs of the roof (so as not to weaken the section), the connection is made only with metal fasteners.

The final stage of installing the frame is the installation of rafters. Their number depends on the length of the ridge bar, and the step should ensure the reliability of the structure. A crate is made on top of the rafters, on which the roof is attached, usually the same as on the main roof. Layers of hydro and thermal insulation are laid on the side walls. The material for the final cladding can be used in a variety of ways: from lining to iron.

Design

Before the start of work, a project is carried out, which takes into account all the nuances of the structure and fasteners. When making a window with your own hands, you need to remember:

• hatches are mounted on roofs with an inclination angle of 35 °;
• superstructures are placed at a limited distance from the walls of the house, for triangular windows - in the same plane;
• the minimum size of the window opening is 1.2 x 0.8 m (windows, respectively, 0.6 x 0.8 m);
• the total width of the dormer windows should be at least half the width of the attic;
• dormer windows are located strictly in line with the window openings under them;
• the lower edge is made at a height of 90 cm from the floor, the upper one is limited by the height of the ceiling (the larger the window, the more light).

Unlike dormers, dormer windows do not require complex construction. They are mounted directly into the roof plane.

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Installation steps

The first step is to equip the opening of the required size in the roof. Its parameters are calculated based on the location of the bottom of the window and its height. The opening is limited by rafter legs of increased strength, capable of supporting the weight of the future structure. The transverse beams connecting the rafter legs to each other form a horizontal box along the contour of the opening.

A frame and a window of the selected type are mounted in the opening of the front part: plastic or wooden. The gaps are carefully insulated. The joints between the structure and the main roof must also be sealed. Interior decoration can be performed in different styles and from various materials - this is a full-fledged part of the attic, harmoniously complementing and decorating the main space of the room.

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Roof window

Windows can be opened:

• along the lower axis, which contributes to protection from precipitation, but the disadvantage is the inconvenience in washing;
• on the upper axis - the movement of the window does not interfere with the access of fresh air and sunlight;
• on the lateral axis: convenient where access to the roof may be required.
• along the central axis of the window: can be rotated 180 °, which allows convenient window maintenance;
• using combined opening mechanisms.

When choosing a roof window, remember that for normal illumination of 10 m² of the area, 1 m² of glazing is required. The mounting height on an inclined plane should ensure ease of use: opening windows, washing them, etc. (usually, depending on the location of the handle - 80-130 cm). The height adjustment is also given by the type of material for the roof. Some shingles cannot be cut into pieces, so you have to adjust to the boundaries of the roofing. Roof window designs may vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. Each kit has detailed instructions for installation.

The general steps are:

• opening preparation;
• assembly of the window assembly;
• dismantling the sash;
• waterproofing device;
• installation of a salary;
• installation of the window sash in place;
• activation of springs and window hinges.

Marking is made on the waterproofing layer fixed inside. The dimensions of the opening will be larger than the dimensions of the window: about 50-90 mm retreat from below for the installation of profiled roofing materials, a margin of 30 mm is made on the sides, and 100-150 mm at the top. A neat cut is made in the waterproofing film with a margin of 200 mm along the perimeter (it is wrapped inward). The necessary part of the roofing material is removed, the lathing is cut out.

For ease of installation, the sash is removed and one frame is first attached. The roof window kit always includes a waterproofing apron and fasteners. The latter are installed on the window frame. The edges of the insulation, which was cut out at the beginning of the work, and the insulation are attached to it with the help of a stapler. The frame installed in the window opening will press down the insulation. A lower waterproofing apron is placed on top of the structure, and then its side and upper parts are installed.

A flashing is mounted on the insulated and insulated opening with a frame. It is selected depending on the type of roof and can be smooth or with a wave of various heights. After that, the sash is attached. The lower frame fasteners are fixed tightly immediately, the upper ones are not fixed completely: so that you can check the evenness of the gap and adjust the skew.

Adjustment is mandatory for all window elements: the moving parts must be activated, checked for functionality and adjusted. Once the window has been mounted and tested, it is time to get busy finishing works - installation of slopes. The trick for a structure located at an angle to a horizontal surface is that the plane of the floor is taken as a reference point, not the frame. The lower slope is oriented perpendicular to it, the upper one - parallel. To ensure ventilation, the side slopes are made at an angle of 120 °.

In this article, we will consider the question of what are the advantages of a gable roof with windows, what are the windows on the roof for, what types of roof windows exist, whether it is necessary to violate the integrity of the roofing at all by installing the described element.

Do I need to install roof windows? If the house has a large area, if the space under the roof is arranged for housing, yes. The described element helps to equip the ventilation of the attic, correctly executed, it easily becomes a spectacular design move that allows you to complete the overall stylistic concept. Simple dormer windows are doors to the roof, they allow in case of something to make roof repairs, help evacuate in case of fire.

The roof window can be different shapes, different designs... To understand how one species differs from another, the next section of the article will prompt.

Types of roof windows

The skylight is a glazed frame built into the roof plane. The shape of this frame can be different. Experts identify four main types of structures. They are clearly shown in the published photo.

Frame in the gable wall

A window in a gable wall is the easiest way to install a glazing frame. Located between two slopes, it can be of any shape: triangular, round, oval, trapezoidal.

The most popular option is a rectangular dormer. Such a frame is easy to assemble and install with your own hands, without the help of specialists. Semicircular frames have an unusual name. The people called them "bull's eye". A frame of this shape looks very impressive on roofs covered with tiles. This type of skylight has one advantage - the absence of sharp corners prevents snow accumulation, rainwater from such a frame flows down immediately, without lingering on its ledges.

Triangular skylights often decorate the roofs of country mansions. The side walls of such a structure replace the slopes located at an angle of 60 degrees to each other. The triangular frame design has certain features: their main purpose is to provide fresh air flow into the attic. The triangular structure does not contribute to the penetration of sunlight, therefore, such structures are not used to illuminate the attic. The side walls of a triangular window need not be carefully sealed. And all because they are joined to the roof using a groove or valley of an irregular shape. The front part of the triangular frame does not penetrate into the roof, it is flush with the rest of the walls. For special effect, the triangular dormer should be placed closer to the lower tier of the roof.

Installing a similar design is quite simple. There is no need to build additional roofing elements for this. Most often, those who are going to make the auditory opening on their own choose exactly this option for its installation.

Dormer

Dormer is a frame structure that is located above the roof slope. It is rather difficult for non-professionals to do it on their own. And all because before installation it is necessary to carry out complex calculations. The main condition for the installation is the need to strengthen supporting structure on gable roof and waterproof the frame well in front of the glazing. The photo shows all types of dormer, you can make it gable, arched, built-in, panoramic, triangular.

Note! The chosen version of the skylight must be combined with the architectural style of the house.

Antidormer

Antidormer, its design is directly opposite to that of the dormer. It also settles on the roof slope, but does not come out of the roof, but on the contrary, goes deep into the roof of the roof. It is easier to design this type of frame than to draw up a drawing of a dormer, but despite this, the antidormer did not take root well in Russia. And all because the described design reduces the usable area of \u200b\u200bthe attic.

Roof windows

The inclined window (also known as the attic) is in line with the roof slope. The use of metal-plastic allows you to make an attic version of any configuration. Such an element does not help much to decorate the roof, but without it, it is impossible to equip natural lighting in the attic space. The choice of this option is justified when the attic is converted into living quarters.

Installation of roof windows is carried out between two rafters located adjacent to each other. It is possible to equip such window frames only where the angle of inclination of the roof is at least 20 degrees. Otherwise, the roof window will become an obstacle to water flows. In this case, no waterproofing will save the roof from leaking.

It is not worth making frames yourself for roof windows. It is better to buy a ready-made glass unit manufactured at the factory. Its structure is carefully designed and developed in such a way as to exclude the very possibility of flooding the under-roof space. Installing a ready-made window is not particularly difficult. Support frames are attached directly to the roof. The roof window can be opened for ventilation even in the rain.

Design features

Many years of experience in installing frames in the roof made it possible to formulate the basic rules for their placement. You should definitely familiarize yourself with them in advance.

• Firstly, any dormer should not be close to the ridge of the roof, as well as to the eaves of the roof. Do not install window frames close to the front parts of the roof.
• Secondly, when installing two elements located adjacent to each other, the distance between the two elements should not be lower than 80 cm. If they are closer, it will be impossible to lay the roof covering. The closer location of the dormer windows provokes some difficulties in the operation of the roof. So, for example, this will certainly complicate the implementation of preventive measures, the close location of the dormer windows will provoke the accumulation of snow on the roof in winter. And this is also not good from an operational point of view.
• Thirdly, dormer windows can only be installed on those roofs whose slope angle is at least 35 degrees.

Note! Cuts and cuts into the general roof frame system cannot be made.

Installation features

We will describe the features of installing the auditory frame using the example of installing a dormer.

It is necessary to install skylights on the roof immediately after the installation of the common rafter system. To do this, it is necessary to assemble the fronts, rafters and ridge beams. Then a drawing of the dormer is drawn up in advance. It should look something like the one shown in the photo.

As you can see in the photo, the Dormer frame is assembled from beams. The walls of the dormer are supported by the roof guides, the beams are attached to them at right angles. If the width of the window exceeds the standard dimensions, the load on the rafters will be increased. In order to prevent the roof from collapsing, where the dormer will be installed on the rafters, another one is placed next to one beam, increasing the stability of the rafter.

Note! It is better to fasten the racks of the walls of the dormer to the doubled rafters with special fastening metal corners. It is not worth using jumpers for these purposes. They will help to weaken the entire dormer structure.

The next stage is the construction of the frame window frame... In fact, it is a miniature roof, so it is so important to pre-conduct correct calculations described construction. First, the window openings are fenced using durable wooden beams, which roofers call feet. The photo shows this stage. It is they who will take on the load of the entire frame.

The cross beams are laid in such a way that the lower one lies parallel to the wall of the house, the upper one - where the height of the future window ends. Longitudinal bars are installed. They help secure the frame to the top rafter rail. At this stage, you need to arm yourself with a building level and check with it the location of the assembled frame vertically and horizontally. It is important to “cut out” all the elements of the dormer in advance, according to the drawing made, the assembly of the dormer frame is carried out according to the photo, which shows the schematic structure of the dormer.

Note! The roof on a gable roof is installed simultaneously with the roof of the dormer. Only in this case it is possible to build a solid coating, durable and of high quality, capable of withstanding the effects of precipitation.

The front sides of the dormer are pre-sheathed with either moisture-resistant plywood or OSB sheets. Roofing material is laid on top of them. In order for the slopes of the dormer windows to be docked with the roof slope, valleys are used.

Generalization on the topic

If you want to install a dormer window on your roof, you must definitely contact a specialist. Their help will help you choose the right frame design, which will best fit into the stylistic solution of the house. It is important to start the installation work with a drawing of the frame structure. As a rule, modern window manufacturers produce ready-made insulating glass units. standard sizes... The easiest way is to take them as a basis and, starting from such decisions, make calculations of the structure of the dormer window frame. If you study the topic in advance, watch the training video, you can try to install the decorative element on the roof yourself. The main thing in this matter is not to rush, carefully think over all stages of work in advance and strictly follow the outlined plan. When working on the roof, it is imperative to follow safety rules, always insure yourself and do not work alone at the top.

Today we will touch on the topic - skylights. She is interesting because it is non-standard option location window openings... This is especially true of private housing construction, because until recently, no one in Russia heard about window structures of this type. We will tell you about their varieties, features and installation rules, as well as which ones can be used. You will understand this topic, you will understand what and why the masters who have been entrusted with the installation of roof windows in their home are doing.

Types of window structures on roofs

In principle, the classification includes only two positions: the already mentioned attic and auditory. They differ from each other mainly in their location. The first ones are installed on slopes mansard roofs, the second in the gables of pitched roofs. Now let's deal with them separately and start with auditory, you will understand why.

Windows on the pitched roof of a private house Source fccland.ru an\u003e Source pinterest.com

Dormer windows

This type of roofing windows got its name not due to the fact that something was overheard through them, because there is no one to listen to under the roofing structure. They were first invented by an engineer named Slukhov, who was responsible for the construction of the roof of the Moscow arena. It was there that the first windows on the roofs appeared.

The classification of dormers is not wide. By location, they are divided into pediment and pitched. By design, the division goes into three types:

pure window opening located on the gables roof structure, i.e without additional elements;

on the pediment with side walls and visor;

on the slopes with side walls and visor.

Two latest models popularly called "cuckoos".

Purely conditionally, it is possible to divide according to the configuration of the visor, although the architects believe that it is the shape of the roof of the window that often plays an important role in creating a single building project. Visors are:

single slope;

gable;

arched;

flat, they are French.

Auditory constructions located on the roof slope Source prohor-stroy.ru

It would seem that dormers are simple and functional solution... But the architects again warn that the type, design decoration, the location is chosen strictly taking into account compatibility with the architecture of the building. Otherwise, this element will look like a foreign one.

Immediately it is necessary to make a reservation that a set of rules and regulations (SNiP) under number 21-01 was compiled for the dormer windows for the roof. It clearly identifies some of the requirements related to with installation site window construction of this type:

install dormers only on slopes, the angle of inclination of which over 35° ;

minimum size of window sashes - 0.6-0.8 m, respectively, the dimensions of the entire opening should be 1.2x0.8 m;

if windows by project are set to hip roof, then the slope on which the window structures are mounted, should not be an extension of the building wall.

There is a recommendation in SNiP that architects know about themselves. It is believed that hearing aids should be installed in the same vertical line with the windows in the walls of the house. In this way, the architectural proportions of the building are not disturbed.

Dormer on the gable of the roof Source vivbo.ru

How to make a dormer window correctly

If this concerns the pediment, then there is nothing complicated.

In the process of facing the gable part of the roof between the supports for the rafter legs, opening, minimum 1.2 m wide.

Into it mount two transverse stripsthat determine the height of the opening. That is, the window opening is finally formed with the required dimensions.

Under the opening order window structure made of wood, plastic or aluminum.

After manufacturing install using standard technology, like into the wall of a house or apartment.

How to make a window on the roof gable Source cconstruction.co.uk

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of installing windows and doors of any configuration. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-rise Country".

If the dormer is a "cuckoo", then here the installation process is not limited to installing glazing. It is necessary to build a rather complex structure in the form of a house with a roof. Let's make a preliminary reservation that the "cuckoo" is assembled between two roof rafters:

Between the rafter legs at the level of the window sill and the ridge of the dormer canopy install crossbars made of the same material as the rafters themselves.

If necessary strengthen the structure, then between the rafter legs to the eaves, one or two pieces of boards are laid in the form of a shortened leg to form an overhang. Exactly the same elements fit to the ridge of the roof. The first ones abut with the upper edges on the lower crossbar, the upper lower edges against the upper one.

Now form the walls of the house... From rails with a section of 50x50 mm, racks are installed along two rafter legs with a step of 40-50 cm.They are cut so that they are located on the same horizontal line along the upper ends.

Now all the racks are on the upper ends oblige all with the same rail 50x50 mm.

This is how the frame of the "cuckoo" protrusion for the auditory glazing structure looks like Source dekorrapi.jew.access.ly

Visor ridge should rest with the rear end against the upper cross member between the rafters. They attach it to it.

Set at the opposite end rack, which rests with the lower end against the element of the upper trim (front).

Install visor raftersresting against the ridge and the upper harness.

Insulate the whole structure, sheathed from the outside and from the inside, cover the visor roofing material.

Install window on the roof of the house using standard technology, i.e. vertically.

Roof windows

In general, there is a complete mess with skylights. Someone believes that the auditory structures installed in mansard roof, the same can be considered attic. Someone denies this and assures that this category includes window structures that are installed in the plane of the roof slope. All others are auditory.

Therefore, the inhabitants are confused in the names, often calling some varieties by others. There is nothing wrong with that, because this does not affect the roof window itself. But to be honest, they started talking about attic window models as a separate group only when they began to be built in the plane of the roof slopes. So, we will assume that this is the attic variety.

Now directly about the window itself. There are strict rules for the window area that must be present on the roof. Its value should not exceed 10% of the area of \u200b\u200bthe entire pitched structure. For example, if the roof area is 100 m², then the window area should not exceed 10 m². With such a difference, natural illumination inside the attic will be normal, and heat losses will not exceed permissible norms.

Skylights in the plane of the roof slope Source trade-point.co.uk

This was the number one rule for attic windows. Now the second rule. It sounds like this: it is better to have several small windows than one large one. Therefore, there is an unspoken rule in which it is displayed area ratio glazing with the number of windows:

glazing area 1 m2 - 2 windows;

2 m² - 3 windows;

Classification

There are several criteria by which windows of this type are classified. One of the most insignificant (we will start with it) is blind or opening windows. We must immediately make a reservation that well-known manufacturers of roof windows do not produce a dull variation. But they can make an exception for a large order. True, the price of the deaf from the opening will not differ.

As for the latter, there is a fairly wide selection:

open around the central axisinstalled in the middle of the window;

Models with opening doors around a central axis Source dachgewerk.de

around the axis located at the top frame window structure or slightly lower by ¼ the height of the window itself;

Top-frame models Source concept-casa.ro

swing design with side opening of the sash.

Mansard model with swing sash Source nova-co.ru

there is modern model, which is called window-balconies. The structure consists of two doors: the first one opens around a horizontal axis located at the upper frame. This sash opens to a horizontal position. And myself in open form it represents a visor over a window opening.

The second sash opens in the same way as the first, only its axis is located at the bottom frame. Its maximum opening is vertical arrangement. That is, in its open form, it is a glazed fence of the opening on the front side. In this case, the window is supplied with sidewalls along the bottom sash, which create a side fence of an improvised balcony.

Mansard glazing construction of the "balcony" type Source nesmetnoe.ru

Roof window installation technology

The modern market offers a huge number of attic windows from different manufacturers. Each of them has its own requirements for the installation process. Let's designate the most common differences:

Models from Fakro and Roto establish only on the rafter system, and from Velux to the crate.

At Fakro, before installation, you must remove double-glazed windows, Velux does not have such a need.

Depending on the type of roofing material, Fakro roof windows are installed to a certain depth, which is indicated in the product passport with the letters: V, N or J.

So, first of all, a window opening is formed. Here, as in the case of the auditory option, it is necessary to determine the installation location. For this, transverse elements are installed between the rafters.

A box is assembled from four boards, which is inserted into the opening. And where it is fastened with self-tapping screws through and through the rafter legs and laid crossbars. The most important thing is the elements of the box. Grooves are made in them with a cutter, indicating the landing site of the roof window frame. It seems like it would be possible to make grooves on rafter legs and crossbars. But in no case should the rafter system be weakened even on two elements, because this structure bears a heavy load and is the center of the roof.

Formation of an opening for the installation of a roof window

The window is inserted into a box, to which it is attached with special brackets and self-tapping screws. There is one subtlety here:

first fix top bracketsbut not completely;

make money lower, but do not attach them to the box;

exhibit window structure exactly in the opening, taking into account the gaps;

then tighten upper brackets and lower brackets.

Now additional elements are installed. This is an apron made of waterproofing film, which is laid along the perimeter of the window. On top of it is a metal apron, the elements of which are assembled as a visor structure. They are attached to the box with self-tapping screws along the perimeter. This completes the installation, the builders move on to laying the roofing material on the roof.

If it is necessary to install a window in the roof of the attic, which is already covered with roofing material, then the technology is slightly modified. The differences are that you will have to first disassemble part of the roofing. Then cut the layers of the roofing cake: waterproofing membrane, insulation and vapor barrier. And here you need to accurately measure and cut. Everything else is exactly the same as in the described process.

Video description

The video describes step by step the technology for installing the roof window:

Conclusion on the topic

The information given in the article should help you understand what dormer and dormer windows are and what they exist. In fact, the technology of their installation is not difficult. The craftsmen who represent the manufacturing companies are trained in specialized centers, so their skills can be trusted. Many portals write that installing roof windows is a simple process. Nobody argues with this. But do not risk it, especially with models built into ramps. Amateur performance will only get in the way here. The low quality of the final result is guaranteed in many cases. In addition, many window manufacturing companies only give a guarantee if the installation was carried out by a certified construction company.