Dormers in the roof of a private house are not only functional, but also a decorative element.

Modern roofing euro-windows have turned non-residential attics into cozy, bright attics. The skylights have transformed everyday buildings into modern architectural works, bringing light into the space and filling the house with fresh air. brought a new trend into architecture, allowing them to harmoniously fit the hatches necessary for maintenance into the facade of the building. The skylight allows designers to create a unique attic interior, romantic bedroom, nursery, personal Area, a bathroom, or an exquisite winter garden.

Types of roof windows

Euro-roof windows meet a number of requirements and fulfill several advantages:

• During the day, natural light enters the house, which has a beneficial effect on the general condition of a person.
• The skylights are easy to install and save space in the room underneath.
• Euro roof roof windows are reliable, ergonomic and easy to use.

Before installing a skylight, you must select the type of construction. The following types of roofing euro-windows are shared:

Auditory structures are structures that are vertically located in the roof and are necessary for ventilation and lighting of the attic. Their installation requires a separate erection of rafters mounted in the roof. there are:

• protruding beyond the roof (dormer);
• recessed inside (antidormer).

Inclined Euro-windows differ from auditory windows in that they are mounted directly into the roof at an angle. Oven windows were invented in the 19th century, and attic windows in the post-war fifties of the 20th century. The inclined euro-window is air-tight, practical, high light transmittance and soundproof. With an excess of sunlight penetration into the room, the roof window is closed with a canvas or blinds. The light output of a tilted euro-window is 35% higher than that of a pediment or auditory.

Blinds are installed on the inside of the windows.

Outside windows can be protected with roller shutters.

The gable window is mounted vertically into the gable wall using a gable collar. Frontal frames can be openable or non-opening. Such models serve to increase the view of the surroundings.

Window-hatch for access to the roof

The roof hatch should organically fit into the appearance of a private cottage. A wonderful solution is a hatch window, which can be built into the roof without any problems and looks like an ordinary inclined euro window. The hatches are in perfect harmony with the external appearance of the entire structure and the windows installed in it. A variety of roof inspection hatches:

1. The emergency roof exit looks like a tilted euro window. It has all the functions of simple windows. It is used for technical inspection and exit to the roof. To open the doors, you just need to press the handle and the hatch will open automatically using gas shock absorbers. Such structures are installed on the roof with a slope of 15 to 55 degrees.

Characteristics:

• opening angle up to 70 degrees;
• combined opening and ventilation system;
• laminated inner glass;
• outer layer - hardened surface treated with self-cleaning agent;
• size from 700 x 1200 mm to 1006 x 1200 mm.

The roof hatch makes roof maintenance much easier.

1. The operational exit looks like an ordinary mansard hatch-window and serves to exit to the roof. Installed on roofs with a slope of 15 to 55 degrees, equipped with a supply valve for ventilation of the attic. Opens outward along the lateral axis.

Characteristics:

• the euro window opens with a handle;
• the hatch is equipped with a multifunctional glass unit;
• the sash can open both to the right and to the left;
• hatch size - 500 by 930 mm.

Operational access to the roof from the attic.

1. A hatch window is installed in the attic of buildings for technological inspection and access to the roof. You can select the type of opening and side. Supplied with a provision for room ventilation. Installed on roofs with a slope of 20 to 65 degrees.

Characteristics:

• the lower frame overlap serves as a step;
• sash fixed in 3 places;
• opening angle up to 89 degrees;
• size - 490 x 760 mm.

Mansard hatches can have a wide variety of opening types.

How to choose the right roof windows?

When choosing a roof window, you should consider a number of features:

• moisture protection;
• the presence of seals;
• profile or frame material;
• opening method;
• the strength of the glass unit.

Design features roof windows https://www.youtube.com/watch?v\u003dUlwbG2I_Hss In the design of inclined windows, a single-chamber double-glazed unit is used, which greatly facilitates the load on fittings and supporting elements. A frost-resistant heat-saving double-glazed unit filled with argon is used for eurowindows attic.

Sectional attic glass unit.

Double-glazed windows made using the "triplex" technology will protect the inhabitants of the attic from fragments of accidentally broken glass. Since the two glasses are glued together with a special film that allows you to hold the fragments. The Easy Clean coating splits the dirt accumulated on the euro window under the action sun rays, which makes it easier to clean the glass.

Laminated triplex glass will provide excellent protection for your windows.

Important! It is important to pay attention to the location window handle... It should be at a comfortable height for use.

Additional options such as: roller shutters and retaining supports will protect the house from noise, hail, sun and serve as protection against penetration into the home.

Roof window design features

The simplest design of a recessed euro window. You can use the already erected ceiling and mount the window under the already finished roof. Such windows are mounted at any time.

This design is not only easy to assemble, but also very practical.

The projecting skylight must be designed during the construction phase. The structure can be mounted for flat and gable roofs. It is much easier to mount protruding ceilings on a flat roof. The assembled side walls of the structure are sewn up with boards and covered with a roofing covering material that covers the entire roof.

This design can also be a good addition to the exterior of the house.

An inner roof window can be installed between the beams that hold the roof rafters. The support board is installed between the supports, then placed on it window frame... From above, the frame fixes the fixing bar. The side walls and drain are covered with a covering material that covers the entire roof.

Installation of a roof window.

Installation of a roof window

After the final choice of the model and location of the roof window, they proceed to its installation. Tilt window installation sequence:

• an opening must be cut in the roof to install the frame;
• the roof is reinforced with additional lags and a frame for the window frame is mounted;
• insulation and waterproofing is laid;
• roofing material is being laid;
• a window block is installed.

Master class on installing a roof window https://www.youtube.com/watch?v\u003dU7mQz8E8v9A Before you start installing the eurowindows, you need to strengthen the roof structure and mount the frame for the window frame. Reinforcement is done with the rafters next to it. Jumpers are mounted between them, between which beams are mounted under the window frame. A window frame is installed in the resulting frame. The unit should be mounted without glass. The frame should be installed above the level of the roof to ensure that the water is drained. After installing the frame, it is necessary to install a waterproofing covering to ensure water drainage. Modern models of roof windows are equipped with additional functions. These include remote control of window opening, roller shutters and safety fences that form a small balcony. Roof window on the remote control https://www.youtube.com/watch?v\u003dMLKzwRMPCig

Ksenia Skvortsova. Chief Editor... Author.
Planning and allocation of responsibilities in the content production team, working with texts.
Education: Kharkov State Academy of Culture, specialty “Culturologist. Teacher of History and Theory of Culture ”. Experience in copywriting: From 2010 to the present. Editor: since 2016.

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Hello dear readers!

The construction term for an important part of the roof called "dormer", according to Dahl's explanatory dictionary, means an opening prepared "for hearing."

This is not an exact definition of the functional abilities of the window with the definition of "auditory" suggests that Vladimir Dal, of course, was a writer, ethnographer, doctor and a very educated person, but had nothing to do with construction.

If he were a builder, he would have given a different definition to this element, which is installed on almost all pitched roofs and designed not at all for the unhindered penetration of sound waves.

For what and how dormer windows are installed correctly, you will find out by reading this article.

Dormer - what is it?

A window opening in the roof slope, in which a vertical frame is installed, closed at the top and sides, is called a dormer.

Initially, such a window was conceived as a way to ventilate the under-roof space, but over time it became one of the elements of the roof structure, which can simultaneously perform several functions.

To give a "zest", to revive and decorate the roof of any house - this is one of the purposes of the dormer, acquired by him over the long years of its operation.

By changing appearance and its dimensions, the window began to evoke different visual associations and received many original names: "bull's eye", "mouth of a frog", "window-pike", "house of the gnome", "bat".

When houses in densely populated cities ceased to accommodate all their inhabitants, they had to look for a way out: how to expand the living space. And it was found interesting solution this task is to arrange attic rooms in the attic.

Simultaneously with the arrangement of the attic, another important function appeared at the dormer - to serve as a source of natural light.

Thus, as a result of all sorts of additions and changes, the usual "birdhouse" on the roof has become an architectural and structural a necessary detail roofing devices and premises located under the roof.

In the future, for the high-quality performance of the dormer windows of all functional duties added over time, they began to be installed in certain sections of the roof space, which are located in the southern direction.

When the dormer is installed in an ordinary non-residential attic, and its main purpose is to ventilate the space under the roof, a simple ventilation grill can be inserted into the opening instead of the frame.

It allows the dormer to maximally cope with the originally assigned duty.

As a result, in the attic space there are no such negative phenomena as:

• condensate, which turns into warm air, penetrating under the roof from the lower floors and rapidly cooling in the under-roof space. In the absence of proper ventilation, this phenomenon not only adversely affects the roof of the roof, but can have a destructive effect on the supporting structural elements and significantly reduce the period of their trouble-free operation;
• mold and mildew formation, which, under comfortable conditions, may well find their way and move into the room under the attic. Sometimes residents of the upper floors of residential buildings have been trying for a long time to cope with black spots in the corners and under the ceiling in their apartment, not finding the true cause of this phenomenon. But the installation of a dormer window can help them completely solve this issue - for additional access of fresh air to the under-roof space.

There is another meaning in the installation of a roof element called "dormer window", which does not lie on the surface, but has a special meaning for the reliability of the roof structure and its operation in strong winds.

Only a flat roof is not exposed to air pressure.

All single-, dual-slope, as well as broken protruding roof structures are built with the expectation of providing a decent resistance to wind loads.

Left unattended, the wind load factor can destroy the roof, gradually creating vibration and loosening supporting structure.

Destruction can also occur immediately, when, due to the high speed of the air flow outside the building, a vacuum is created under the roof. Than stronger wind, the greater the pressure drop outside and under the roof, and in some cases this ends with the entire roof rising like a balloon taking off.

The installation of a dormer window in the roof is designed to counter this scenario -at first glance, an ordinary ventilation opening, but in fact structural elementthat takes into account the complex laws of physics.

It is this window that is the valve that, if necessary, will work and relieve the under-roof space from excess pressure.

Even if the dormer is closed not by a ventilation grill, but by a glazed frame, the air flow will rather squeeze out the glass than have a destructive effect on the roof itself.

Skylight installation technology in the video:

Design features of the classic dormer window

The standard dormer is a rectangular structure that is an additional roof superstructure. Its purpose is to provide access to fresh air and daylight without letting precipitation into the under-roof space.

A conventional dormer is installed in the space between the rafters in order not to disturb the supporting structure of the roof. If it is necessary to provide greater air access, it is allowed to install several skylights in the spaces between the rafters in one row or one above the other.

The classic dormer looks like a glass window frame with vents around it, covered ventilation grill in the form of blinds. If the window is small, then, as a rule, it is closed only by a ventilation grill.

Often, this type of window opening combines the function of doors for free access to the roof surface if the building is not equipped with a fire escape.

For the attic space, the optimal difference is about 5-10 degrees compared to the air temperature outside the building.

Temperature values \u200b\u200bthat differ upwards will be fraught with the formation of condensation on the internal structure. This, in turn, may require the use of special materials that can withstand high humidity.

They are struggling with such troubles by installing dormer windows, which are different forms and design features.

The most popular are:

• single slope. One of the most used and structurally simplest roof hearing structures. The angle of inclination of the roof of this window should be about 15 0. An increase in this size is permissible only with a significant slope of the roof itself. If this rule is not observed, water may leak at the junction of the main roof with the roof of the skylight, which will require additional measures for waterproofing this area;

• gable. As well as lean-to, they have been installed on roofs since the Middle Ages. This is confirmed by many historical architectural monuments that have preserved these decorations on the roof to this day.

A distinctive feature of the dual-slope auditory structure is the relative complexity of its installation. To do this, it is necessary to correctly calculate the joining of all its components, both among themselves and with the structure of the main roof. But the complexity of manufacturing a gable dormer window (in comparison with a lean-to one) is fully justified by the greater practicality in terms of the distribution of water flows.

Visually, the two slopes on the roof of this window look like a complete architectural form and do not require any additions.

The materials for the side and front gables of the dormer windows can repeat those used for the facade of the building, but immediately take on the appearance of a decorative element if their external finish is made in contrast to the facade finish.

Dormer roofs, unlike gables, are usually covered with the same material as the main roof.

Why a roof window?

If you look at the dormer window from the street, the answer to the question why it is on the roof comes by itself: in many cases - to decorate the general appearance of the building.

The builder will explain the need for building a window with practical benefits, citing several purely technical arguments as proof.

A person living under a roof in an attic will talk about the comfort that a dormer window creates. In particular, he will tell about the daylight and fresh air coming through it, and most importantly, about the opportunity to look at the world from a different point of view than through the windows located below.

A building with original skylights becomes unlike others that do not have such an element in their structure.

Here you can draw an analogy between buildings and people - another hairdresser will transform his client with a pretentious hairstyle so that his own mother hardly recognizes. A dormer on the roof, as well as the fleece on the head of a mod, can be unique and inimitable.

Over time, fashion trends have not spared this element of the roof structure. The pretentious dormer windows, into which the inhabitants of cozy attic rooms looked out three hundred years ago, have been replaced by inconspicuous dormers in the rapidly erected houses of the last century.

But fashion and freedom in thoughts are now again making themselves felt by the appearance on the roofs of many private houses, seemingly left in the past "houses for the gnome" and the look of the "bull's eye".

Our time could not wash away the plaque of centuries from the dormer windows, except that it added a few changes in the form of a double-glazed window in the frame and automation for self-closing the window in case of bad weather.

But for the attic space not equipped for housing, the dormer remains exactly the same and performs the same functions: preserving the performance of the roof structure and the material covering this structure.

The principles of the construction of skylights on a roof with a cold attic in the video:

Types

The definitions used to classify dormer windows correspond to the visual characteristics of roofs installed above a particular opening.

For instance:

• flat roof. It is mainly used for purely technical purposes and does not affect the appearance of buildings. The angle of inclination in relation to the main roof is from 5 0 to a maximum value of 15 0;
• the roof is pitched. It is very similar to a flat one, but differs in the angle of inclination, starting from 15 0 and increasing in parallel with the increasing inclination of the main roof;
• gable... In addition to the mandatory functions, it also has an architectural significance for the appearance of the building;
• hip roof. A kind of gable roof, with a cut off front slope located at the same angle as the main roof;
• triangular roof... Minimum source of daylight;
• glass roof. Designed to provide maximum access to daylight in the attic;
• semicircular roof. The famous bull's eye. Stylish option, which differs from all the others not only in its attractive appearance, but also in the significant cost of work on its device.

Acute-angled dormer

A dormer with a triangular or, as it is also called, "sharp" roof can often be found on buildings of historical value.

The main task when constructing windows with such a roof is to ensure that they are not too large or too small in relation to the total volume of the roof. Their sides must have the same angle as the main roof. If these conditions are not met, the triangular window will look like a foreign fragment on the roof.

Another condition for the correspondence of acute-angled windows to the general style of the building is the correct location of their installation. They must be aligned with the façade windows located below them.

The advantage of these skylights over other options is that they can be located at a higher level.

Another advantage of acute-angled windows is the simplicity of the adjoining waterproofing device. Since the roof covering of the window is connected at a deployed angle with the main roof, their joint is formed as an internal abutment on conventional sloping roofs - internal and external.

The installation of triangular dormer windows does not significantly increase the volume of the attic space, and this factor is their main disadvantage.

Unit design features

There are no clearly defined rules and strict instructions for installing a dormer window. The main requirement relates to maintaining the rigidity and reliability of the entire roof structure.

The place of installation depends on the individual requirements of the developer and the aesthetic perception of the entire appearance of the building.

Before drawing the dormer on the plan, it is important to decide what function it will have to perform - aesthetic or practical. The choice of the shape and size of the window largely depends on this decision.

If you install two dormer windows at a close distance (less than one meter), then there will be difficulty in the construction of the roofing between them.

IN winter time nearby standing windows will contribute to the formation of snow bags, which will negatively affect the waterproofing of the window junctions and will cause an increased weight load on the main roof structure.

Dormer windows that carry only purely technical functions are usually installed without disturbing the structure in the gap between the rafters.

When it is necessary to install a dormer in the place where one or more rafter legs are located, then changes are made to the structure of the main roof based on calculations related to snow and wind loads. At the same time, reinforced rafter legs are necessarily added under the side walls of the dormer.

How to expand the attic space

It is quite simple to arrange a living space in an attic under a roof - it is enough to insulate the walls and roof. However, there is a certain difficulty in how to access the room with a sufficient amount of daylight and at the same time at least visually expand the attic space.

Installation of a dormer window in the roof plane partially solves the problem - it lets in light and fresh air. But this is a partial solution to the problem, since the actual volumes of the room do not increase, but remain in the same contours limited by the roof.

The device of a large-sized dormer window allows you to install the same (in size) window in its front gable as on building facadeby increasing the height of the ledge in the room under the dormer to the height of the ridge of the main roof.

With enough large sizes - the height to the ridge of the roof and the distance from the central axis of the building to its side wall, the opening built into the roof for the dormer window may well be a separate house for its residents.

When increasing the internal living space, one must not forget that this can negatively affect the external appearance of the building. Therefore, it is important to monitor the proportions between the dimensions of the main roof and the dormer installed on it.

Dormer configurations

The architectural style within which a particular building was built is not limited to the foundation and facade. Like a point set in any business, the same point in construction is the roof installed on the building. Its outline should not violate the general idea of \u200b\u200bthe architect. Therefore, many creators of grandiose projects install spiers or domes instead of a roof.

You can play with the external perception of any building by adding protrusions in the form of dormer windows to the roof of various shapes.

Thus, two problems are solved at once:

• technical. A solution that is necessary for long-term and trouble-free operation of the structure and roof covering;
• aesthetic... Without the solution of which, in principle, it is impossible to build modern buildings.

Arranged in a certain sequence, in the right places and with dimensions that correspond to certain proportions even the most common shed skylights can look like a decorative fragment of the interior.

With a pitched roof

Flat roof windows are the simplest form of roof-mounted skylights.

The slope of the single slope above this window is not much different from the slope of the roof itself.

Windows of this type are most often installed on ready-made roofs, because their installation does not require a tie-in into the supporting system. It is enough just to cut a part of the lathing together with the roof covering between the rafters.

Insufficient slope of the flat roof of the dormer window, if it is covered with tiles, can serve as the fact that snow accumulates on its surface and water does not drain well. This drawback can be eliminated by replacing the coating with a more suitable one, for example, a metal tile or a profile sheet.

For drainage, the usual semicircular or square gutters are used.

With a gable roof

Windows with a gable or semicircular roof require special attention in the approach to their installation.

The opening for a gable skylight, as a rule, cuts into the structure of the main roof and can significantly affect its reliability.

The location of this dormer can have special references depending on the purposes that the window is to fulfill.

If this window is a technical exit to the roof surface, then its location in the attic space should be at a free access height.

Window with gable roof can be decorated in different architectural styles:

• with or without a gable ledge;
• with or without eaves;
• with or without gutters for water drainage.

The best option for the appearance of a gable window is when it has one window opening on the front pediment, not divided by partitions. Several small windows make the dormer too bulky.

The process of installing a skylight into a finished roof

The first step is to choose optimal place installation. If a mistake is made and the window needs to be moved to another place, then it will be extremely difficult to close up the opening in the roof.

Having decided on the installation site, you need to pay attention to the location of the rafter legs in this place. The best option would be not to touch the rafters at all.

But if the distance between them is small, and the dormer window is wider in width, then it is imperative to take actions to insure against subsidence of the roof plane.

To the place where the rafter leg will be filed and after it, you need to install reliable supports.

They can only be dismantled after the complete installation of the dormer window.

Then you should think about how and with what material the cut-out opening can be temporarily protected from precipitation.

If the markings have been carried out and all the safety actions have been completed, you can proceed to dismantle the battens and the material covering the roof.

In order to avoid downtime and inconsistencies in the process of installing a dormer window, before the start of work, builders should have a draft of the future finished product and all the materials necessary for work.

Dolmer skylight installation technology on the roof of a house in the video:

How to issue

Dormer windows of four types are most often found on buildings built in our country. It:

• flat roofthe slope of which does not exceed 15 0;
• with a gable roof, the slope of both slopes of which must correspond to the slope of the roof;
• gable roof - a gable version with an additional slope starting from the ridge and lowered to the front pediment;
• semicircular roof with an arched front pediment.

There are no strict restrictions on the use of coating materials for these roofs, but there are recommendations.

They are as follows:

• it is advisable to cover a flat roof with materials that allow water to drain freely with a slight slope;
• in cases where the slope of the slopes is sufficient for good drainage, they should be covered with the same material as the main roof.

To decorate the gables, you can use any materials used for finishing the facades of buildings, but with the indispensable condition of their low weight.

Window openings in dormer windows (both rectangular and arched) are installed in the same way as on the facade of the building - strictly horizontally.

Appointment

Skylights are installed on many residential and industrial buildings with a roof that has a common slope.

The space under the roof can be used for arranging a room there or for purely technical purposes - maintenance rafter system and roof coverings.

Depending on the purpose of the attic space, approaches to the choice of a dormer window defined in shape and functionality are changing.

The functions that the dormer performs include:

• room lighting;
• constant supply of fresh air;
• the ability to exit to the roof surface;
• decorative design of the building.

The main part of the auditory opening is directly the window itself, which can be:

• round or oval;
• square or rectangular;
• triangular.

The shape of the window does not affect the reliability and design features.

Window contours are only important for the aesthetic perception of the architectural integrity of the building.

Slope

Providing the correct slope of the slopes and preventing the problem areas of the dormer's joining with the main roof from leakage is the main task in its design and installation.

If the roof area of \u200b\u200bthe dormer window is large, water drainage should be provided using gutters.

It is best to additionally waterproof the joints between the walls of the dormer window and the roof, as well as install a valley there, and the lower one must necessarily extend a few centimeters beyond the main roof.

The slope of the slope for flat roof should not exceed 15 0. In other cases, the slope must be selected relative to the slope of the main roof.

Roben dormer device in the video:

Window contours

If you choose a dormer for the simplicity of the device and practicality, then a triangular or acute-angled shape meets these criteria better than others.

This configuration has a small line of contact with the roof, which greatly reduces the problem of moisture penetration under the roof.

Choosing a triangular window for installation, you should know that it gives the least effect of illumination of the room, and increasing it to eliminate this drawback will negatively affect the appearance of the building.

How best to arrange

In order not to disrupt the visual intent of the building design, architects can arrange the dormers in one row along a horizontal or vertical line. And they can scatter windows randomly or in a checkerboard pattern - there are practically no restrictions on location.

The only condition is that external beauty does not create inconvenience for those who may have to use dormer windows from the side of the attic space.

If this aspect is taken into account, then it is advisable to place the windows at a distance of about one meter from the attic floor..

Dormer installation procedure

When installing different types of dormer windows, there are some features inherent in the device of a particular type of windows, but there is no fundamental difference in the order of actions performed.

However, the order itself should be strictly observed:

• draw up an accurate plan for the location of the dormer windows, taking into account all the features of the main roof... Make a drawing of the window with an exact indication of all overall dimensions;
• if necessary, it should be determined in which places the safety supports should be located, and install them before starting work;
• cut a window opening in the roof according to the dimensions indicated in the drawing;
• reinforce the opening with horizontal beamsby attaching them to the ends of the trimmed rafter legs;
• strengthen the rafter legson which the sides of the dormer rest - they will carry all the load from the cut rafters;
• after sheathing the opening around the perimeter and creating a rigid base, you can proceed to the construction of the selected type of dormer;
• the further procedure repeats the procedure for constructing a conventional roof with mandatory vapor and waterproofing and the device of an appropriate insulation system;
• in front of the device exterior decoration walls and roofs of the dormer window should be carefully waterproofedjoining the base of the roof.

Before installing a dormer, it is advisable to calculate the cost and need for its installation. Perhaps the installation of an ordinary roof window will solve all the issues of lighting and ventilation, moreover, it will probably be cheaper.

If the decision is made in favor of a dormer window, then you need to competently approach the choice of its shape. Because an attractive-looking arched window called "bull's eye" will cost its future owner the price equal to installing several windows of simpler contours.

You can find out which optimal shape of the dormer window to choose for each particular case by systematizing the data presented in this article.

Windows are not only the "eyes" of our home, but also a source of natural light and ventilation. The latter is very important for the attic or attic. There are different types of skylights. To install them correctly, you can hire a specialist, but do it yourself too a good option... We will talk about what kind of windows are and how to install them with your own hands.

Types of roof windows

Windows for both walls and roofs come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Some of them are considered more decorative in order to give the roof a beautiful and unusual design - such windows are more often used for the attic. Other types are more focused on ventilation, provide high-quality ventilation of the room, as well as for good lighting, if there is no other light source in the attic or attic.

Also, when placing a skylight, you should focus on which roof you will need to install it in. The roof can be flat, pitched and gable. It happens that the roof has semicircular elements. All these nuances must be taken into account when buying a roof window in order to ensure not only correct installationbut also the desired functionality. This is the ability to open the window, the correct drain, and water does not flow into the structure, and moisture accumulates so that the right amount of light gets through the window.

Choosing a window for different types of roofing

There are two options for obtaining a window - to make it yourself or buy a ready-made one. The first option is cheaper, but the second is preferable, although it will cost more. But it was made taking into account all the nuances that a layman may not even guess about in order to embody them in his window.

What to look for:

• Triangular windows - this type is also placed on a roof with slopes. These windows have no side walls; instead, the roof slopes themselves protrude. It turns out that there are fewer joints between the roof and the window, therefore, there is not that much waterproofing material and, in general, there is less installation work. Usually triangular windows are used for those attic spaces that have other types of lighting, since the shape of the window does not allow a lot of light from outside to enter. In addition, providing them with a convenient opening is quite problematic. But such windows look unusual and tasteful.

Roof with semicircular shapes - this type of roof is quite original in itself. But the frames for them are made only to order. It is necessary to take into account all sizes and shapes so that the frame fits snugly - this should be done by a specialist. Windows inserted into the openings of such roofs look like poured in, which gives the whole structure an image of fluidity. This type of roof windows is also considered decorative - they have interesting design, often used for residential attics, as a source of soft and subdued lighting. Indoors, as is the case with triangular windows, it is desirable to have some other light source.

Important: rectangular windows can be installed on a 15 ° pitch roof.

How to choose the right window

To make it easier to figure out which window is right for your roof, you must clearly define for yourself its further purpose. If the window is planned as interior decoration inside and outside the attic, to create a play of light and shadow, then you can take windows of various non-standard shapes. They are perfect for any kind of roof. But at the same time, do not forget to take care of another method of ventilation and lighting in the room, and you can also put a "blank" window that will not open.

Well, if you are thinking of installing a window for a practical purpose in the roof - that is, to be able to ventilate the room, create high-quality ventilation and good lighting, then it is better to take a standard rectangular window. It should be convenient to open and close, including also have a ventilation mode. Of course, you need to take care of high-quality waterproofing. If you get down to business creatively, then such windows can also look stylish and beautiful in the roof, create interesting lighting.

Important: there are two types of windows - inclined and vertical. Experts recommend installing the first one for two reasons - more light and ease of installation.

Roof window installation

If speak about vertical version window installation, it is worth saying - many do not really like it, because for such a window installation in the roof, a separate rafter system is needed. Then, due to the formed slopes, almost half less light enters the room than in the case of an inclined installation option. In addition, the inclined window from the side looks like a single structure with blood. Next, we will talk about how to install it in the roof.

What you need:

Drywall;

Window frame - glass area 0.7 m2

Material for waterproofing, insulation, and interior decoration;

Window flashing for sealing;

• Tools - level, tape measure, chisel, pliers, saw, nails, and

screw-cutting machine and corners for fastening.

Installation process:

First you need to prepare the roof and opening. At the same level as the battens, the roof must be fitted with slats where the installation will take place.

Use a saw to cut out the opening - its dimensions should be 45 mm larger than the window frame.

Then screw the mounting angles into the grooves in the corners of the box using self-tapping screws.

Before fixing the window frame in the roof opening, you need to lay a waterproofing layer and insulation on the sides. In this case, some of the material should protrude outward, you will then remove all excess with a knife.

Insert the window frame into the opening, slightly fasten it there on the sides, but not tightly.

After that, fix it well and check all the gaps. If everything is correctly adjusted - fully clamp all fasteners.

Attach the side bar and cut off any excess waterproofing.

Secure the vertical planks.

Press the strips firmly against the frame and close them with the lid.

The corrugation is attached to the outside of the roof, and the vertical parts of the edges must be brought inward.

Depending on what your roof is from, you need to remove the extra sealant along its line - just carefully cut it off with a knife.

The box is ready - insert the frame. Make sure that all sealing points are correct.

Important: Be very careful and careful when cutting the opening for the window. Its size should be about 45 mm, and this should be clearly measured. If you end up with an opening that is too large, it won't be easy to fix. In addition, the appearance of the roof will deteriorate.

Triangular and semicircular windows are placed a little differently in the roof, but in general the system is the same. You can easily cope with this if you study the recommendations well. Differences depend on the shape of the roof, as well as on the type of window. But in any case, you can contact a specialist.

In conclusion, I would like to say that windows are placed in the roof not only for ventilation and lighting of the attic, but also as a beautiful design solution for the attic. It is often used as a living room, and tastefully installed windows can be a great decoration for the interior. The unusual penetration of sunlight will create a pleasant atmosphere. Roof windows are not only practical, but also stylish, therefore, you should carefully approach its selection and installation.

VIDEO

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How to make a skylight on the roof: an overview of options and 2 step by step technologies

A beautiful skylight on the roof is not only a spectacular element of the roof design, but also a rather useful structure, because the more such windows in the attic, the better natural lighting will be. Next, you will find out what types of similar structures are divided into, and how they differ from each other. And with homemade ones, I'll tell you about the assembly of the 2 most simple options do it yourself.

What are dormer windows

Whatever you say, a roof with windows always attracts attention. Initially, the dormer or observation window served exclusively for ventilation in the attic and as a convenient access to the roof. But for a couple of hundred years, its functional content has seriously expanded.

Types of viewing windows

There are 4 types window openings on the roof:

1. Window opening on the pediment between the roof slopes;
2. Dormer;
3. Antidormer;
4. Attic window built into the roof plane.

Let's consider them in more detail:

• Gable windows mainly typical for gable roofs and broken mansard structures. This is the simplest type of viewing windows. The gables are, in fact, a continuation of the end parts of the outer walls, and the arrangement here is no different from the inset of a conventional window;

• Dormer - these are windows extended beyond the roof, such a superstructure on the roof. This type of viewing structures is considered the most common. This is due to the fact that the superstructure does not take up the usable area of \u200b\u200bthe attic, moreover, it, albeit insignificantly, adds this area;

• Antidormer unlike dormers, on the contrary, they are recessed into the roof structure. Their installation is a little easier, but a big problem is the arrangement of reinforced waterproofing, because the rain is almost freely poured into this depression. It makes sense to equip Antidormer in the lower slopes of broken mansard roofs;

• Arrangement of flat roof windows considered the latest in fashion. The principle is simple - a finished window structure is cut into the plane of the roof slope. The boom in such windows is also due to the fact that they can be embedded into the finished roof without serious disassembly of the roofing pie.

There is also such a thing as lucarnes. In the lucarnes, the vertically located window and the wall of the lower floor are in the same plane, the bottom of the structure actually rests on the wall.

Varieties of designs

Now let's talk about the types of structures. If you deal with architectural delights and popular names, then there are several dozen types of structures. There is no point in trying to tell about everyone, because every master claims to be unique. Therefore, I took the most common directions.

Illustrations	Recommendations
	Single slope. One of the simplest options, where the roof of the structure is actually a continuation of the roof of the main slope, except that the angle changes slightly.
	Dual slope design. Here we see a standard gable roof in miniature, and the structure of the rafter system in the large and small versions is exactly the same.
	Triangular window. This window is also a type of gable roof. The design differs from the previous version only in the absence of side walls, everything else is mounted in a similar way.
	Hip roof. Usually used in old styles. The installation is more difficult than the classic gable, but it looks elegant.
	Arched dormer. The construction of spherical arched roofs has always been a troublesome business, so I do not recommend you equip them with your own hands, without the appropriate skill.
	Bat. New trend in modern architecture... Soft and flowing shapes look great on roofs with a relatively small angle of inclination, but this type of construction also requires professionalism in installation.
	Clerestory. The anti-aircraft lantern looks very impressive, but such structures are very rare in private houses.

Self-assembly options

It is advisable to plan and equip dormers at the stage of assembling the roof truss system.

If the roof is completely assembled, but you are determined to make a window in it, my advice to you is, you better call the master.

A few words about the regulations

When erecting such structures, according to the law, one must be guided by GOST 1250681, as well as SNiP II-26 and SNiP 21-01, but these standards are relevant for the construction of administrative buildings. As for private houses, almost all the instructions written in the documents are more advisory in nature:

• In particular, it is not recommended to install a dormer in the roof plane closer than 1 m from the gable wall;
• If the roof slope angle is less than 35º, then it is better to limit yourself to the window on the pediment;
• In cases where several windows are installed in a row on one slope, the distance between them must be at least 800 mm;
• The bottom cut of the window frame should be 1 m from the attic floor.

Normal natural light is provided if the area of \u200b\u200bthe windows is 14-16% of the floor area in the attic. But according to the standards, the area of \u200b\u200bthe windows should not exceed half of the floor area in the attic.

Option number 1: the simplest single-slope design

Illustrations	Recommendations
	Framing the structure. The first to equip a rectangular frame in the rafter ramp system: The rafter legs that interfere are simply cut to the width of the opening; Further, horizontal bars are packed from above and below. For these purposes, it is best to use the timber from which the rafter legs are made.
	Supporting racks. Extreme vertical racks are recruited from 2 bars. One bar is nailed to the side of the rafter leg, and the other is placed on the rafter leg, plus the bars are fastened together. Horizontal roof rafters are nailed to the vertical posts. The angle of inclination of the rafters should be from 5º.
	We knock down the frame. The rest of the frame gets lost, as shown in the diagram on the left from the same bars. Too often, intermediate posts and upper rafter beams should not be mounted, a step of 50 cm will be enough. Do not forget to lay insulation between these bars, and each bar is a cold bridge.
	Roof frame. Since our roof is flat, the roof frame is made reinforced, from 2 rows of cross slats. The lower support frame under the window can be mounted at will, I recommend raising the window above the roof by at least 100 mm, so you will protect it from snow and water.
	We sheathe the frame. For outer cladding, OSB or waterproof plywood with a thickness of 10 mm or more is used. Dense slabs of mineral wool are usually used to insulate the main roof. In the frame of the observation window, the vapor permeability of the insulation is not so relevant, so here you can use foam or EPS. The roofing material is the same as for the main roof, and the side walls can be sheathed with galvanized iron and painted in the color of the roof.

Option number 2: triangle

The triangular structure is mounted at the stage of arranging the main rafter system. Although our final shape is triangular, the exit opening is made in the same way as in the previous version, rectangular.

Next, a vertical front truss is installed, while the edges of the triangle go beyond the main opening. The top of the truss should be flush with the horizontal beam of the opening.

Simultaneously with the installation of the front triangular truss, the ridge bar is mounted. It connects the opening beam to the apex of the triangle and is positioned strictly horizontally. In this case, a 100x50 mm beam is sufficient.

After that, a triangle is arranged on the roof plane. You need to connect the ridge bar attachment point in the opening to the edges of the front truss. The rafter legs of the window frame will rest on these bars.

After sheathing the front truss with sheets of OSB or waterproof plywood, a small frame is stuffed on the sides to "fly out" the roof. At the last stage, everything is sewn up with sheets and you can proceed to the installation of the roofing, insulation and finishing.

Output

The assembly options that I talked about can be improved and changed at will, for example, when you connect the first and second options, you will get a full-fledged dormer with a gable roof. If you have any questions, write in the comments, I will try to help.

November 1, 2017

If you want to express gratitude, add clarification or objection, ask the author something - add a comment or say thank you!

Before proceeding with the arrangement of a window in the roof of a house, you need to decide which one is needed for a particular house-building. Dormer windows are those that are located on the roof and are needed for airing and lighting the attic. Since they are placed vertically on the roof - arrangement is necessary separate system rafters, which will be built into the roof structure. This is their main difference from the windows in the attic, which are installed on mansard roof inclined. In modern house-building projects, attic windows have become increasingly widespread and popular. Considering that windows of any type with the same size occupy the same roofing area, these openings, thanks to the inclined installation, let more light into the attic room and their installation is easier than other types of window frames.

The main types of roof windows

The question of choice often arises: what type of window to install? If the house building is old, and you will need to adhere to the existing architectural solutions, then it is better to choose the installation of a dormer. In new, newly built housing buildings, when deciding on the arrangement of a residential attic on the roof, it will be advisable to install a dormer window.

To begin with, it is worth considering the main features of both types of windows in order to choose the one that is suitable for a particular building.

To install a dormer window in the roof of a house, special niches are required, which should already be available on the roof. The frame of triangles-trusses of rafters and walls on the sides requires a fairly large number of connections with the main roof, it is very difficult to make it without accurate calculations - "by eye". This requires drawings drawn up by a trained specialist. The walls on the sides and the pediment are sewn up with construction plywood and sheathed with facade building materials. Roofing building materials are placed on the roof at the same level with the covering of the main roof. It is imperative to carry out waterproofing and insulation of the junction of such a dormer window to the roof.

The second type - attic, is fixed in the space between two rafters. Attic windows are usually an obstacle to the normal drainage of water from the roof, therefore, openings of such a constructive solution are often installed in roofs with a 15-20 ° slope.

Modern windows for mansards are structurally rather complex, well protected from water flow and cold penetration through them into the premises. It is impossible to make such a high-quality and reliable window structure on your own. It is therefore better to simply order the manufacture of a window from a reliable and responsible manufacturer.... Attachment to the roof of the mansard window is carried out using a base plate. To remove moisture, the frame has a special storage, consisting of a steel frame located along the entire window. To open it, the window structure has friction hinges located slightly higher from the center of the window. This design, when opening the window frame, prevents accumulating water from entering the room, and all moisture that gets on it flows down to the roof.

Create a window opening in an existing roof

In individual houses, sometimes it becomes necessary to arrange a window opening in the roof and install a window in it. To completely remodel the roof is a rather expensive, time-consuming and complex process, therefore there are possibilities in several steps to make a window opening for a dormer.

House building roof windows should take no more than 10% of the roof area under them.

Large openings on the roof lead to high heat losses. In addition, large windows have glass that is less durable and less resistant to natural and mechanical influences from the outside than windows small size... Optimal installation - positioning the window frame exactly in the center of the roof between the two load-bearing roof beams.

Installation of a roof window

At the beginning of the work, a hole of the required dimensions is cut to create an opening in the roof covering, and the installation of the window frame begins. It is placed on the supporting roof rafters using a separately mounted wooden special frame made of 4x5 cm beams. It is best to attach the parts of this structure to the rafters using a non-corrosive building material.... Frame parts are connected with special self-tapping screws for wooden structures, tightly fixing them to the rafters. Also installed parallel to the roof of the house building auditory frame windows, but for the arrangement of such a complex and time-consuming constructive solution, it would be best to attract professional roofers.

Sealing and finishing of window openings

The sealants used for these purposes are: silicone, bitumen, acrylic and waterproof self-expanding tape.

The best sealant for roof windows is a self-expanding tape that is placed over the entire length of the opening in one layer. Holes and crevices in the upper part of the window roof frame can be sealed with acrylic sealant. Finishing and sealing work is best done in summer.

Dormer roof windows on a flat roof of a residential building are usually installed together with gutters for draining water, therefore, the roof should have a slope within 5 - 15 °. The rectangular roof structure with one or two pitched planes resembles a window with a flat roof, but it should have a slightly greater slope of the pitched planes - more than 15 °.

A triangular dormer is most often installed on the roofs of cottage and the roofs of suburban individual housing construction. This type of window has no walls on the sides, and their functions are performed by roof slopes. This type of roofing window significantly reduces the amount of waterproofing work performed with it, however, it reduces the illumination of the attic and especially the attic, if the front side of this window is not directed to the very front part of housing construction. IN recent years you can find more and more unusual - round - type.

The most functional roof window is considered to be a window - like an anti-aircraft lantern... Outwardly, it looks like a light, almost weightless detail that does not weigh down the roof, and most importantly, it perfectly illuminates the entire attic room. When creating projects, specialists most often adhere to these values \u200b\u200bfor determining the size and number of dormer roof windows: the width should not exceed ½ the width of the attic room, their lower plane is located at a height of at least 0.9 m from the floor, and than the dormer roof window will be installed higher , the more illumination will be in this room.

Skylight frame on the roof of the house

The skylight frame is installed at the same time as the roof rafters are installed. If the roof has two pitched planes, its own rafter system and crate are equipped for the window frame. Therefore, the installation of the frame of such windows implies the construction of its own separate mini-roof. When arranging the rafter roofing system in the areas of the planned installation of dormer windows, it is necessary to provide for the placement of future openings that enclose the legs of the rafters with enhanced strength characteristics. After all, the rafters and other parts of the rafter structure will also take on a lot of dormer window elements.

Then, transverse bars are placed on the rafters: the upper one corresponds to the size of the window itself, and at the level with the outer wall of the housing construction - the lower one. The racks are placed on the lower beam in a vertical position, connecting the transverse beams at the top. It turns out a window frame, fastened by longitudinal bars with an upper bar placed on reinforced rafters. This creates a finished frame, but without window rafters. The attic rafter system is equipped according to the model for the main roof structure.

Triangular window frame

When placing the lintel bars, it is undesirable to fasten the window parts by cutting them into the rafters of the main roof truss system, so as not to weaken the bearing capacity of all parts. All frame components are secured with galvanized steel fasteners.

Having checked the strength and reliability of the frame in the horizontal and in vertical planes, you can start placing the ridge bar and small rafters for the dormer.

In order to significantly simplify the complexity of the work, the rafters are cut out according to a pre-made template blank. The walls on the sides are sewn up with moisture-resistant building material.

The window roof is installed at the same time as the roof covering is installed on the entire roof.

Important: strictly follow the sequence of work during the installation of parts of roof windows in the roof of the house.