The construction of a half-hip sloping roof. Half-hip roof: what it is and assembly features. Why a half-hinged roof

The rafter system is, one might say, the most important component of the roof. It is this system that is the framework for all other elements. There are basic components in any rafter system. They are present in any such design. But the very layout of the rafters, struts and other elements may be different. It all depends on the type of roof. And what is the rafter system of a half-hip roof? What are its features and how to build it? This will be discussed in the article.

Varieties

The rafter system of a half-hip roof is a rather complex structure. Build it yourself, without the help of professionals, may not work. But before proceeding with the study of the nuances of its construction, you should understand the type of roof itself. The half-hip design can be made in two types, namely:

1. Dutch version. Here, the half-hip roof has two slopes. In this case, in the lower part of the ends there is a large trapezoidal pediment. From above it is crowned with a hip in the form of a triangle.
   
2. The semi-hinged Danish roof has a different design. Here, the vertical pediment is on top. Next comes a large ramp or hip. In this case, it has a trapezoidal shape.
   

There are other types of semi-hip roofs. Their designs can combine Dutch and Danish styles. But in any case, the design and installation of the rafter system of a half-hip roof is a rather difficult job.

Advantages and disadvantages

The semi-hip roof is not used as often. First of all, this is due to a rather complicated rafter system. Most often, the construction of such a structure is trusted by professional builders. If you do not have the proper experience in carpentry work, then it is better not to choose a half-hip roof for your house.

In addition, financial costs increase significantly. More rafters and other elements will be needed. In addition, they have different sizes... All this makes the project much more expensive.

But the half-hip roof has its own advantages. These experts include the following:

• firstly, living quarters can be placed under such a roof. There will be a lot of space on the attic floor;
• secondly, appearance The semi-hip roof is very attractive. This design will become a real decoration for your home;
• also such a roof is a good protection from precipitation. Regardless of the angle of inclination of the slope, snow, as a rule, practically does not accumulate on them. This means that the operation of the roof does not require much effort from you;
• another advantage is heat saving. The half-hip prevents the cold from penetrating inside, which will help reduce heating costs attic floor;
• the half-hip roof can withstand even very strong winds. Of course, here a lot will depend on the quality of the materials used in the construction, the accuracy of the calculations and the correctness of the construction of the rafter system.

Therefore, if you have experience in carpentry work, and you are sure that you can cope with the complex structure of the rafter system, then this roof option is quite suitable for you.

Preparatory stage

Any business, especially when it comes to construction, should start with planning. First of all, you should draw up a diagram. The rafter system of a half-hip roof has a rather complex device. But at the same time, drawing up its scheme is not very different from the same work when building other types of roofing.

First of all, calculations should be made. You need to decide on the following parameters:

When calculating the angle of inclination of the slope, it is also important to consider how roofing material your half-hip roof will be covered. Each manufacturer indicates its optimal parameters, subject to which their products will work most effectively.

When calculating the load, first of all take into account the amount of snow cover. In addition, the effect of wind should be taken into account. This type of load depends not only on the weather conditions in your area, but also on the angle of inclination of the half-hip roof slope, and the weight of all materials that will be used in construction should also be taken into account.

After all the preliminary calculations, a drawing of the truss system of the half-hip roof is drawn up. It indicates the location of all structural elements, it is better to make it more accurate and detailed. In this case, the installation of the truss system of the half-hip roof itself will be easier and without errors.

The nuances of building the Dutch version

The device of the rafter system of a half-hip roof, as mentioned earlier, is quite difficult. Therefore, starting the construction, you should first get acquainted with all the nuances of the work ahead. If you decide to use a Dutch-style half-hip roof, then the installation of the rafter system is carried out as follows:

If we are talking about the Danish version of the half-hip roof, then there are no big differences in the installation of the rafter system. But there are also some nuances. In the Danish version, the trapezoidal rafter legs do not fit the ridge bar. Here they will rest against the top of the bar-sink. This element is the base of the vertical pediment. It is fixed to the roof side rafters.

When building a rafter system of a half-hip roof, only quality materials... Pine is best suited for these purposes. In addition to the main structural elements in the form of rafters, additional elements are also included here. Strut braces are mandatory. They are needed to reinforce long rafters. Crossbars, shrengels and other elements can also be used.

The step or distance between the rafters is chosen depending on the load that will affect the entire system. As a rule, this parameter ranges from fifty to one hundred centimeters.

When installing rafters about other elements, it is important not to forget about insulation and waterproofing. As a rule, a half-hip roof is used in cases where the owner of the house wants to make an attic floor instead of an attic. In this case, it is impossible to do without roof insulation and additional steam and waterproofing.

The semi-hip roof (see photo) is something between a gable roof and a hip roof. The pediment here has the shape of a trapezoid. This roof is also sometimes called Dutch.

Let's look at an example of this rafter system. In this article and all subsequent ones dedicated to various rafter systems, I will no longer focus on calculating the cross-section of the rafters. I will say that the longest rafter is calculated (in this case, any rafter of the ramp), and the rest are made of the same section. The article on the calculations of rafters and floor beams

So, we have a box of a house with trapezoidal gables.

STEP 1: Install. We also put a Mauerlat on the upper edge of the gables (see Fig. 1):

Picture 1

STEP 2: We install the ridge beam and rafters. Here we do everything in the same way as described in the article (see fig. 2 - fig. 3):

Picture 2

Figure 3

Floor beams are not shown in these and subsequent figures.

You are free to choose the distance from the extreme rafter (from the edge of the ridge beam) to the pediment yourself. We always took it to be approximately equal to half the length of the upper edge of the pediment (see Fig. 4):

Figure 4

STEP 3: We manufacture and install corner rafters. All the steps described below are performed so that the installed corner rafter is the line of intersection of the plane of the slope and the plane of the half-hip.

To begin with, we take a piece of board with a section of 50x150 mm and put it on the edge of the Mauerlat pediment. For a while, we will grab it with a pair of self-tapping screws. A trim height of 150 mm is required for the future corner rafter with a section of 50x200 mm.

Then we need to pick up any board that is even in length (the smoother the better) and use it to make a mark on our trim - a blue line (see Fig. 5):

Figure 5

This flat board is placed on 3-4 rafters with one end and the trimming touches with the other. The most important thing is that it is strictly parallel to the skate. We control this with a tape measure. When we achieve parallelism, draw a mark (blue vertical line). After that we shorten the trim along this line (trim it).

Figure 6

The upper cut of the corner rafter is marked along the lateral plane of the rafters of the slopes (see Fig. 7):

Figure 7

We measure the distance on the upper cut shown in Fig. 8 (we got 26 cm):

Figure 8

Now we postpone this size from the Mauerlat pediment upwards at four points, marking the bottom cut of the corner rafter (see Fig. 9):

Figure 9

Sawing off the workpiece at the marked points, we get an angular rafter (see Fig. 10):

Figure 10

We remove a piece of board from the Mauerlat, install the corner rafter and fix it. We nail the upper end, the lower one can be fixed with metal corners (see fig. 11):

Figure 11

We do the three remaining corner rafters in the same sequence.

STEP 4: We put the half-hip rafters.

We start with the central one. First of all, we measure on the corner rafter the size shown in Fig. 12:

Figure 12

In our example, it is 12 cm. We put it on the skate according to Fig. 13. From the point obtained, we pull the lace up to the middle of the Mauerlat pediment.

Figure 13

With the help of a bevel we measure the angle "β" between the lace and the ridge bar post. This will be the corner of the upper rafters of the half-hip (see fig. 14):

Figure 14

We also measure the angle "φ" (see Fig. 15):

Figure 15

We will make half-hip rafters from boards 50x150 mm. This section is quite enough.

So we take a board of a suitable length and cut one end of it, first at an angle "β", then sharpen it at an angle "φ". Next, we put the resulting blank on the Mauerlat, combining its bottom with a stretched lace (see Fig. 16):

Figure 12.16

At the top we measure the distance shown in Fig. 17:

Figure 17

We got it equal to 6 cm.Now, using this value, we mark the lower cut of the half-hip rafters (see Fig. 18):

Figure 18

In addition to the bottom cut, we immediately noted the width of the cornice (50 cm). Thus, we got the middle half-hip rafter.

On the half hip, we will have four more women (two on the right, two on the left). We do not fix our middle rafter yet, but use it as a template. The bottom cuts are the same for all women, the upper cut is made first at an angle "β", then "φ / 2" in the desired direction. I am sure you can easily determine their length at the place.

All the resulting rafters are half-hips and handcuffs we set and fix (see Fig. 19):

Figure 19

STEP 5: We make and install stingrays. We make the bottom cuts from them according to the same template according to which all the rafters of the slopes were made. The upper cut is also done first according to this template, and then we cut it off at an angle \u003d 90 ° -φ / 2 in the desired direction. The length of the rafters is determined locally using a tape measure (see Fig. 20):

Figure 20

STEP 6: We make cornices.

We start with the gable cornice filly (see fig. 21)

Figure 21

Then we attach the wind boards (see fig. 22):

Figure 22

Now we need to build up the half-hip corner rafters up to the wind boards. We do this with a board of 50x100 mm. Sew with a piece of inch (see Fig. 23):

Figure 23

After that, it remains for us to hem the cornices from below and make the crate. Eaves can be hemmed either as is, or you can make "earrings". Here you can already choose what you like best. How all this is done, we have already seen in previous articles.

Half-hip roofs are very convenient when using the attic as a living space. Such a roof is a pitched structure with overhangs made at the ends. Thanks to this peculiarity, a half-hinged, or Dutch, roof is able to withstand a large wind load. Overhangs additionally protect the gables of the building from precipitation. To figure out how to build a half-hip roof, you need to distinguish between its variations:

• gable type of half-hip roof;
• hipped roof type.

At the same time, the structure may undergo some individual changes, which depend on the type of roof, the presence or absence of a living area in the attic space, and the climate of the area. For areas with snowy harsh winters, they try to make such roofs with not very large overhangs and slopes with great steepness.

Advantages of a half-hip type roof

In addition to the opportunity to get a large and practical space in the attic and equip it for a comfortable living space, as well as to protect the gables from the effects of bad weather, among the advantages of this roof are its beauty, showiness and the ability to implement various options.

Note! Such a roof is characterized by increased structural strength. It is very suitable for areas with extreme climatic conditions and is also vibration-resistant.

Disadvantages of a half-hip (Dutch) roof

Among the disadvantages of building a Dutch roof:

• the complexity of building a rafter system;
• high consumption of roofing material and wood;
• the complexity of cleaning and repair.

It is very difficult to build such a roof on your own, without the help of specialists. There are many elements in the rafter system, which complicates the construction.

Dutch roof erection

The design of a half-hip consists of many elements, it is simply impossible to exclude at least one of which, since each has its own purpose. The basis is the Mauerlat and a complex rafter system. If the walls of the building are built of bricks, it is good to arrange on top of a reinforced concrete reinforced belt with galvanized studs with a diameter of 10 mm and a pitch of 1.2 m protruding between the future rafters, and put a Mauerlat beam on it over a pair of layers of roofing material. For Mauerlat, a bar with a cross section of 150 × 150 mm is mainly used. Further, with the help of a cut and the use of iron brackets, they arrange a ridge, to which they attach the nipple and diagonal rafters (or wedges).

It is very important to make the correct measurements and calculate the required rafter lengths. It is best to prepare the rafters 50 cm longer from the calculated data in order to avoid trouble during work.

Note! From the reinforced double board, rafter half-legs are made, resting on the rafters. The pairing of the boards helps to achieve the required increased roof load-bearing capacity.

When the mowing rafters are firmly fastened to the Mauerlat and the ridge, the privates are installed. In this case, the width of the insulation material is taken into account, according to which the step of ordinary rafters is calculated. To ensure the support of the rafters in the base, cutouts are made from the side of the ends, on the sides they can be attached to the Mauerlat with metal corners. If the spans are large, use reinforcement with struts with stops. With the help of a truss, diagonal rafters can be strengthened.

If the slab covering the house is of reinforced concrete, the racks with stops can be easily pushed against it. Otherwise, additional tightening must be applied to the overlapping tanks.

Before starting installation, all wooden structural elements should be treated with special solutions to protect them from decay and the influence of fire.

Completion of the construction of a half-hip

The end of the Dutch roof, like any other, includes the laying of the lathing, vapor barrier material, as well as insulation, waterproofing film and the roof itself. Free space under the ridge is required for air circulation and ventilation.

Note! It is better to use a vapor barrier film with a foil side, which will protect the thermal insulation layer from moisture.

Insulation can be expanded polystyrene plates, fiberglass or basalt slabs... On top of them, to protect against moisture and condensation, a condensate film or a diffusion membrane is laid. Roofing material is still used as waterproofing, but since its properties are short-lived, it is better to abandon it in favor of more modern materials.

Further from wooden slats carry out a counter-lattice to fix waterproofing and a gap device for ventilation. On top of the counter-lattice, the main lathing is made, along which the roofing material is fixed.

A photo

The rafter system is, one might say, the most important component of the roof. It is this system that is the framework for all other elements. There are basic components in any rafter system. They are present in any such design. But the very layout of the rafters, struts and other elements may be different. It all depends on the type of roof. And what is the rafter system of a half-hip roof? What are its features and how to build it? This will be discussed in the article.

Varieties

The rafter system of a half-hip roof is a rather complex structure. Build it yourself, without the help of professionals, may not work. But before proceeding with the study of the nuances of its construction, you should understand the type of roof itself. The half-hip design can be made in two types, namely:

There are other types of semi-hip roofs. Their designs can combine Dutch and Danish styles. But in any case, the design and installation of the rafter system of a half-hip roof is a rather difficult job.

Advantages and disadvantages

The semi-hip roof is not used as often. First of all, this is due to a rather complicated rafter system. Most often, the construction of such a structure is trusted by professional builders. If you do not have the proper experience in carpentry work, then it is better not to choose a half-hip roof for your house.

In addition, financial costs increase significantly. More rafters and other elements will be needed. In addition, they are of different sizes. All this makes the project much more expensive.

But the half-hip roof has its own advantages. These experts include the following:

• firstly, living quarters can be placed under such a roof. There will be a lot of space on the attic floor;
• secondly, the appearance of the half-hip roof is very attractive. This design will become a real decoration for your home;
• also such a roof is a good protection from precipitation. Regardless of the angle of inclination of the slope, snow, as a rule, practically does not accumulate on them. This means that the operation of the roof does not require much effort from you;
• another advantage is heat saving. The half-hip does not allow the cold to penetrate inside, which will help reduce the cost of heating the attic floor;
• the half-hip roof can withstand even very strong winds. Of course, here a lot will depend on the quality of the materials used in the construction, the accuracy of the calculations and the correctness of the construction of the rafter system.

Therefore, if you have experience in carpentry work, and you are sure that you can cope with the complex structure of the rafter system, then this roof option is quite suitable for you.

Any business, especially when it comes to construction, should start with planning. First of all, you should draw up a diagram. The rafter system of a half-hip roof has a rather complex device. But at the same time, drawing up its scheme is not very different from the same work when building other types of roofing.

First of all, calculations should be made. You need to decide on the following parameters:

When calculating the angle of inclination of the slope, it is also important to consider what kind of roofing material your half-hip roof will be covered with. Each manufacturer indicates its optimal parameters, subject to which their products will work most effectively.

When calculating the load, first of all take into account the amount of snow cover. In addition, the effect of wind should be taken into account. This type of load depends not only on the weather conditions in your area, but also on the angle of inclination of the half-hip roof slope, and the weight of all materials that will be used in construction should also be taken into account.

After all the preliminary calculations, a drawing of the truss system of the half-hip roof is drawn up. It indicates the location of all structural elements, it is better to make it more accurate and detailed. In this case, the installation of the truss system of the half-hip roof itself will be easier and without errors.

This work requires knowledge of many nuances. Therefore, most often it is trusted by professionals. But if you want to do everything yourself, then you can use special programs or online calculators, we also recommend reading: calculation of the rafter system.

The nuances of building the Dutch version

The device of the rafter system of a half-hip roof, as mentioned earlier, is quite difficult. Therefore, starting the construction, you should first get acquainted with all the nuances of the work ahead. If you decide to use a Dutch-style half-hip roof, then the installation of the rafter system is carried out as follows:

If we are talking about the Danish version of the half-hip roof, then there are no big differences in the installation of the rafter system. But there are also some nuances. In the Danish version, the trapezoidal rafter legs do not fit the ridge bar. Here they will rest against the top of the bar-sink. This element is the base of the vertical pediment. It is fixed to the roof side rafters.

When building a rafter system of a half-hip roof, only high-quality materials should be used. Pine is best suited for these purposes. In addition to the main structural elements in the form of rafters, additional elements are also included here. Strut braces are mandatory. They are needed to reinforce long rafters. Crossbars, shrengels and other elements can also be used.

The step or distance between the rafters is chosen depending on the load that will affect the entire system. As a rule, this parameter ranges from fifty to one hundred centimeters.

When installing rafters about other elements, it is important not to forget about insulation and waterproofing. As a rule, a half-hip roof is used in cases where the owner of the house wants to make an attic floor instead of an attic. In this case, it is impossible to do without roof insulation and additional steam and waterproofing.

What material for the roof is better to use

A semi-hinged roof is a rather complex structure. In order for it to last a long time, you should choose the right material for the roof. It must meet the following requirements:

When erecting the truss system of a half-hip roof, many places for attaching the elements to each other are used. In addition, some rafters rest against others. Therefore, it is better to use lightweight roofing material. This is necessary in order to reduce the load.

The most optimal option can be considered a profiled sheet or metal tile. These materials have high strength and durability. Plus they are lightweight. Ceramic tiles are unlikely to work. Mainly because of its large mass and the complexity of installation, read more: installation of metal tiles, how to cover the roof with corrugated board with your own hands.

When calculating the amount of materials for a half-hipped roof, it is worth considering what type it belongs to. The Dutch variety will have fewer folds. This means that there will be less scrap of roofing material.

You can also use a soft roof for a half-hip roof. Many people use ondulin or euro slate. Such material is inexpensive, lasts a long time, is easy to assemble and looks attractive. But here you should be careful. For soft roof requires a continuous crate. And this circumstance will contribute to an increase in the loads on the rafter system, which is very undesirable.

Rafter system of a half-hip roof: diagram, device, installation

Pros, cons, varieties and device of a rafter structure of a semi-hip type of roof. Calculation, diagram and installation of the truss system of a half-hip roof.

Mansard roofs of private houses: types, options, device

Thinking about building your own house or even a summer cottage, you want the house to be beautiful, unlike its neighbors, convenient and functional. It would also be nice if it was inexpensive. An attic roof type allows you to solve almost all these problems. The exterior of the house turns out to be interesting, and the building can be decorated in different styles - all the options for combinations of roofing, the appearance and shape of the roof, windows and balconies, and it is probably impossible to count. The cost should be discussed separately.

The combination of ramps pointing in different directions gives a very unusual effect. This is exactly the kind of house you would not call ordinary

How much does it cost to build an attic

The device of the attic floor is considered beneficial due to the fact that there is no need to spend money on the construction of walls. This is only partly true.

Firstly, a lot of money will be spent on creating a rafter system. Its cost depends on the selected type of attic roof (see below) and on the price of lumber in your region.

Secondly, you will have to pay a considerable amount for insulation and vapor barrier of the attic roof. It is clear that roofing material alone is far from sufficient to provide the required air conditions for residential premises (if the attic is planned to be residential). We'll have to insulate, and the layer of insulation should be significant. For example, for central Russia, a layer of high-density mineral wool should be from 200 mm, plus a layer of waterproofing and vapor barrier.

Thirdly, windows are much more expensive. If you make them auditory, they construct a special structure of rafters, which complicates the relief of the roof, and therefore increases the cost of materials and installation. Even on an ordinary gable, you have to think about the device of valleys and snow retention over the windows.

Installation of skylights in the roof

The second option - windows in the plane of the roof - require particularly careful sealing so that precipitation cannot get inside. This makes the installation 1.5-2 times more expensive. The windows themselves are about the same cost: they must have a reinforced frame and reinforced glass that can withstand snow loads. In addition, for maintenance, the frame must be rotatable, and this is still an increase in cost.

What is needed to install a roof window and the procedure for installing components

In the attic, two types of windows are installed - vertical and in the plane of the roof. Both types can be used in the same project. In the photo below good example such a combination. You can't say for sure that the house is memorable. How many more options can there be?

A mansard roof in several levels is also a common technique.

In addition, such popular and inexpensive roofing coatings - materials based on metal such as profiled sheets, metal tiles, roofing iron - are not advised to be used when installing a mansard roof in a private house. There are two reasons:

1. High thermal conductivity. Due to the fact that the metal conducts heat very well, it is necessary to lay a large thickness of thermal insulation materials. Otherwise, it will be too hot in the attic in the summer and cold in the winter.
2. Increased noise generated by the coating when it rains. Even an ordinary roof covered with metal sounds like a drum in the rain. The attic room is much larger in area and the "tool" is more powerful. If the level of noise inside the room can be fought with additional sound insulation, then you cannot remove the sound outside. If the neighbors' houses are at a considerable distance, it may not be scary, but if the buildings are dense, conflicts may arise.

When calculated well, additional insulation and soundproofing will minimize the cost benefit of purchasing a roofing material. Perhaps a different, initially more expensive roofing covering will turn out to be more profitable as a result. So here you need to calculate the options.

All of this was described so that you have a better idea of \u200b\u200bwhether it is really that cheap to build an attic floor. It turns out - not really. Nevertheless, this solution has its advantages:

• The attic floor is lightweight. Therefore, the foundation for private houses will require only a little more powerful than with the construction of one floor. Since the cost of the foundation is a significant part of the cost, then the gain is tangible.
• With a lack of funds, the attic insulation and its commissioning can be delayed for the required period. Moreover, this delay will be useful. That's why. During construction, timber of high humidity is almost always used. If you start insulation right away, moisture will be absorbed into the insulation. If the "pie" is done correctly, it will go away naturally. But if there are violations, problems can arise. If the roof under the roofing material will stand for some time without insulation (but with waterproofing necessarily laid under the roofing), then the wood will dry well and there will be fewer problems.
• The attic allows you to make the house original and non-standard. In any case, the building turns out to be more expressive and individual - there are a lot of design options.

We tried to describe as fully as possible the disadvantages of the attic roof and its advantages. If difficulties did not frighten you, choose which design you like best.

Types of mansard roofs

The roof of the mansard type used in the construction of private houses has different options devices. All existing types of roofs can be made, except, perhaps, flat. All others can be realized both in "pure" form, and in combination.

Single slope

Houses with single-pitched mansard roofs look unusual. Its device is the simplest due to the lack of a skate and the problems associated with its arrangement. The beams are supported by a Mauerlat fixed to the multilevel walls. The bevel is formed by the difference in height between two opposite walls. In this case, the slope angle should be in the region of 35 ° -45 °. A smaller slope will lead to the accumulation of a large amount of snow, which requires reinforcement load-bearing beams and the installation of additional supports, and this reduces the already not very large living area in such an attic floor.

Shed roof roof

If we talk about the exterior design of the house, the buildings look non-standard. Most often, a large window is made in the high wall of the attic floor: the structure itself has this. For examples, see the photo below.

This house with a pitched roof attic is the most conservative

The device of a single-pitched roof is the cheapest if the distance between two opposite walls does not exceed 4.5 meters: you can lay bars of standard length on the walls and not make supporting structures. Apparently this is the reason for the decision in the photos below, but it turned out very interesting.

If the distance between the walls is less, the design is quite simple

Custom solution: two pitched roofs form a terrace between them

Gable

Gable roof attic - the most widespread: when general structure, there can be many solutions. The design itself is the most optimal: at a relatively low cost, it allows you to meet various requirements for the required area of \u200b\u200bthe room.

The easiest way is to implement an attic under a conventional gable roof, but its height should be sufficient so that a living space can be distinguished under it (if the floor is supposed to be made residential). May be:

• symmetrical - the ridge is located above the middle of the building;
• asymmetric - the ridge is offset from the center.

The pediments are straight. The room is trapezoidal; in fairly wide buildings, a square one can be distinguished. The disadvantage of a gable roof attic is that a large space is cut off on the sides, which is not always acceptable in private houses. To prevent large areas from walking, they are used for the arrangement of pantries or cabinets.

Attic floor construction under a gable roof

With such a device, windows are made in the roof, their location depends on the angle of inclination. They can be auditory, as in the photo above or in the plane of the roof, as in the photo below.

Windows can be located in the plane of the roof

There is another option for arranging the attic roof of a private house with two slopes - one and a half floor. It is installed on walls driven out to a certain level. The house is then called "one and a half floors" (one of these houses in the photo above).

The difference in usable area is obvious, but the costs are higher (for wall material)

These are two types of gable roofs. There is also a third - broken ones. They can be divided into a separate category - the device has significant differences.

The device of a sloping mansard roof is both more complicated and simpler. In fact, these are the same two slopes, but consisting of two parts with a different slope. Such a structure allows, without spending money on the construction of walls, to get living space, only slightly smaller than on the lower floor (by about 15%). In this sense, its structure is simpler. But the rafter system has a more complex structure, and in this sense, its structure is more complicated.

The construction of a sloping mansard roof is the most commonly used version of the rafter system - with the removal of part of the rafter beyond the wall surface. Thus, an overhang is formed, which protects the junction to the walls from precipitation

It is this type that is most common when self-construction... It easily allows you to increase the usable area, build on small buildings such as a garage or summer kitchen, to get additional, almost separate, housing. Since the materials used in construction are usually lightweight, the bearing capacity of the foundation is usually sufficient, but the calculation does not fit.

A small room made of logs below, and on top - a vast attic, resting on racks

Four-slope

These are already complex systems that must be calculated. The surface is large, the cost of insulation increases significantly, at the same time the size of the attic room decreases: parts of the premises are cut off from all four sides.

Their plus is high resistance to strong winds: all surfaces are sloping and the wind load does not put that much pressure on the slopes. The structure is such that the overhangs can be made low, protecting the walls from the effects of precipitation and winds. In addition, houses with such roofs are considered by many to be the most attractive. The classic version of the hipped roof is hip.

One of the types of hipped roofs is a hip roof and an attic room under it. You can stand in full growth only in the central part

When they are installed, inclined rafters are reinforced - they account for most of the load. In general, its rafter system is one of the most complex, material-intensive and, therefore, expensive. So that you can estimate the entire scope of work and costs, consider its design in the photo below.

Hip roof rafter system

In the upper picture, all the stops, slopes that need to be placed are visible, on the second, the structure and location of the rafters are more clearly drawn.

There is also a transitional option - a half-hip. She is a cross between a gable and a hipped roof. In this case, the hip is made only for a part of the floor height.

Mansard semi-hip roof. Organization of her rafter system

Only the main types of mansard roofs are described. There are also combinations of them. For example, a hip can also be broken, as well as a single-pitched one. There are really a lot of options. The main thing is not to make gross mistakes when developing the rafter system, and then implement everything correctly.

Mansard roof with balcony

How skylights are made has already been described above. Balconies are built on almost the same principle. There are even special window systems that allow you to do this in the surface of the ramp. Although the implementation is simpler, such a window costs decently.

One type of small balcony

If the bearing capacity of the walls allows, by increasing the size of the dormer-type window, you can make a hanging balcony.

The dormer can also be turned into a small balcony

The balcony platform can be supported by columns. Only in this case the removal is done above the entrance. Then the columns fit organically, and also serve as decoration.

Columns decorating front door, support the site

A balcony on the pediment of a house with an attic is built on a different principle. It is protected by the overhang pushed forward, if the wall allows, the platform is made hanging.

Balcony on the gable of the mansard roof

IN small houses more often the balcony is made due to the fact that the pediment of the attic floor is moved from the load-bearing wall. Due to this indentation, a platform is obtained. Visors in such roofs are made by extending the roof to at least one level with outside wall, or even better - further. This ledge will also protect the wall of the pediment and reduce the amount of precipitation that will fall on the open area.

The pediment of the attic is moved inward. The resulting area is used as an open balcony

The design of this type of roof is such that by extending it, even a covered terrace can be made. Its edge can rest on decorative wall or on poles.

The difficulty of this project is the long rafters

A similar idea is implemented in this project, but the roof here is multi-gable. It is difficult to calculate it yourself, it is even more difficult to make valleys correctly, because they are rare.

If we talk about non-standard solutions, then the "L" -shaped mansard roof - from two sheds it will turn out to be functional. It's also an inexpensive way to decorate such a custom building.

"L" shaped single-pitched mansard roof

If you need an inexpensive way to build a house, read about frame house building.

The roof is the protection of the home. Its appearance speaks to the tastes of the owners and expresses the individuality of each building. The correct shape and design are the key to a long service life, and an equipped attic allows you to expand the living space.

Mansard roof: types, options, design, photo

One way to get an original home relatively inexpensively is to build a mansard-type roof. The roof is almost the main decoration of the house, but here it also allows you to increase the living space.

Roof with attic - design, diagrams and drawings

In this publication, you can see how the mansard half-hipped roof is equipped, a construction, a drawing of which with comments and explanations was sent to us by Vadim Nakhapetov from the city of St. Petersburg. With these materials, he understood in the process of building his country house in the Leningrad region.

In general, the scheme of the roof of a house with an attic, or more precisely, the drawings of the rafter system of the attic roof do not differ at all from the construction of a roof with a cold attic. All the differences lie in waterproofing, insulation and ventilation - a pie that ensures the safety of the insulation between the rafter beams.

You can see the drawings of mansard roofs, which have already been published on our website in the "Roofing" section. You will see that there is no difference in design. But there are differences between different types roofs.

For example, the scheme of a sloping attic roof and the scheme of a roof truss system with straight slopes are very different.

For clarity, here we will once again duplicate both these schemes.

Scheme of a mansard roof with straight slopes:

Broken mansard roof scheme:

As you can see, the construct is different, and the methods of fastening the rafters, and the consumption of lumber and roofing material. In terms of economy, the attic roof scheme with straight slopes breaks ahead. However, the sloping roof is in the lead in the furnished living space.

Below is a drawing of a house with an attic, built in a country style. Such small house with a small building spot, as if it is intended to equip another living space under the roof.

Mansard semi-hip roof - construction (drawing from V. Nakhapetov):

And now a little theory to make the diagram of a house with an attic more understandable.

Basic requirements for the arrangement of the attic space

It cannot be said that the arrangement of the attic roof is some kind of revolutionary word in the construction of residential buildings. In urban conditions, this has long been a common way to increase living space, and for students, poets and artists and other representatives of not very paid professions, it is almost the only opportunity to rent cheap square meters.

This was due to not particularly comfortable living conditions, and, as a rule, such premises under the very roof were poorly insulated.

But this shortcoming of them has long been overcome, and the "battle" for additional square meters has long passed to a qualitatively different level. The most important thing in the attic is a properly executed roof, without leaks, respectively, hydro and heat insulated.

Such an attic space implies two versions: summer and winter. At the same time, the type of roof can be any, it all depends on the wishes and tastes of the owner of the house, and, of course, on his financial capabilities.

The stairs are equally important

As with any other construction, one cannot do without a preliminary design. First of all, it is necessary to provide for a staircase, along which it will be convenient to get to this room.

Even a properly constructed and beautifully designed attic room will lose a lot if the exit to it is not performed properly. And in order to take advantage of such desirable square meters, you will have to master the skills of a climber.

Among other things, when the attic settles down in an old house that has its own layout, then this can cause some problems. Such a need, as a rule, arises when the number of family members has increased and living space becomes an urgent need. Then there are many factors to consider.

First of all, the premises on the floor under the attic space should be used rationally and, preferably, according to their functional purpose. You may even have to re-plan your existing rooms a little, but it's worth it. In the case when the living room under the roof was originally provided for in the project, then the space under the stairs will not raise questions.

Attic with vertical and sloping walls

The very structure of the attic space can have vertical or inclined walls. The selected type will determine the effective area obtained as a result. The most common roofs for mansards are gable roofs with a bend in the middle. In such a room, there may be slight problems with the installation of cabinet furniture, but it will ideally serve as a guest, children's or playroom, for example, a billiard room.

If the option with vertical walls is chosen, then you must first examine the foundation for its strength. Although this is a small additional burden, it should be taken into account. Vertical walls can be lightened by placing windows in them (at least 12% of their area), through which enough daylight will penetrate, and it will be easy to ventilate.

But still, one cannot do without a reinforcing belt. It will level the horizontal surface of the load-bearing walls and serve as the basis for attaching the Mauerlat beams. It would be nice to provide for the laying of metal galvanized rods when arranging the belt, on which the Mauerlat will be strengthened.

If walls with a slope are chosen, which will serve as the configuration of the roof itself, then it should be remembered that in this case the Mauerlat beams will also serve to fasten the beams for arranging the floor.

The basis of the foundations is the rafter system

The next stage will be the manufacture of a rafter system, which will become not only the basis for the roof, but also the walls and ceiling of the future attic. It must be reliable and erected in compliance with the rules imposed by the materials of the external coating. Since wood is used for the device of the rafter system, the crate, it must first be treated with an antiseptic mixture.

It is necessary to provide openings for windows, which can be made in the form of a so-called birdhouse, or standard windows that are mounted directly in the roof. The rafter system, in addition to being able to withstand the load of roofing material, must also have a certain margin of safety to withstand the weight of snow in winter and withstand winds.

Double moisture insulation is a necessary factor

A feature of the roofing device for the attic is double moisture insulation: waterproofing directly under the roofing material, which will protect the room from moisture from the outside, and vapor barrier, which will protect the insulation from condensation from the inside.

Otherwise, the latter may lose its thermal insulation properties. As a result, the cost of heating the room will increase significantly.

As a finishing material, the use of wooden lining, drywall or plywood sheets.

The tips above will help you imagine the amount of work that the owner will have to face country house or a cottage, if he decided to build an attic with his own hands - the diagram of the roof truss system will help him.

Mansard semi-hinged roof - construction, drawing, diagram

Mansard semi-hip roof, its design, drawing and stage-by-stage arrangement of the attic, schemes of broken roofs, schemes of houses with attic - see our website.

Gable roof structure

An attic is an attic space designed to house or store household items. Unlike flat roof in multi-storey residential buildings, the mansard roof can be gable and multi-pitched. For the construction of cottages, in a price-quality ratio, the best option is a gable roof.

A cottage, during the construction of which mansard roof technology was used

general description

The attic roof is wooden structure in the form of a triangle or polygon. It consists of rafters and rafter beams. From above, it is closed with a "pie" of insulation, steam and waterproofing. The rafter legs support the entire mass of the roof. The rafter beam acts as an additional connection and support.

The outermost pairs of rafters form a pediment. It can be triangular and trapezoidal in shape, which depends on the type of attic structure. Inside is a living space with straight or broken walls.

Main advantages and disadvantages

Any building structure has characteristic positive and negative properties... Knowing these features will help when choosing a roofing system.

Advantages

• Terms of manufacture and installation. The gable system has been studied for a long time, detailed step-by-step instructions have been drawn up for its design and construction. Therefore, the work can be done by hand, in a short period of time.
• High level of protection of indoor spaces from snow and rain. All elements of the roof are located at a certain angle. This makes it impossible for snow caps and small water puddles to form on the roof surface.
• High level of wind protection of the joints between the wall and the roof. The ends of the gable roof hang over the walls, thereby protecting the joints from being blown by the wind.
• Increase in common living space. Attic spaces are suitable for creating additional bedrooms, wardrobes or playrooms for children.

A clear example of a full-fledged living space in a mansard roof

• Cost. Materials for the construction of a gable roof can be found at any hardware store at affordable prices.
• Aesthetic beauty. The gable roof attic looks attractive. It will decorate any residential building.

disadvantages

• In some cases, construction may require a significant amount of materials.
• If it is necessary to convert the attic into a residential one, then additional building materials will be required to strengthen the existing structure.

Types of mansard roofs

There are some constructive types mansard gable roofs, which can differ in the shape of the slopes, be symmetrical or asymmetrical, be at different levels relative to the ground.

The stingrays differ in shape:

• A gable flat roof attic is a traditional form for low-rise buildings. It is a classic triangle. This structure is easy to install and maintain. It is inexpensive.

Classic gable roof
Layout of elements for a classic gable roof

A flat mansard roof is not always suitable for the construction of residential premises. This is due to its design features.

Important! Optimal slope slopes 35 ° -40 °. This angle gives an even distribution of loads. With such an angle of inclination, it is impossible to create a full-fledged attic room. That is why slopes of a broken shape are often used.

• Gable sloping mansard roof. She has each slope consists of two parts, fastened together at an angle. Thanks to this break, it becomes possible to create a full-fledged attic room. With the same size of the base of the house, a sloping roof allows you to get 40-50% more useful living space than using a traditional gable.

General form sloping mansard roof

For clarity, a broken gable system can be divided into three triangles. Two right-angled triangles make up the side slopes. The outer line of the rays will be their hypotenuse. The upper part of the roof consists of one isosceles triangle, which overlies two rectangular ones.

Layout of load-bearing elements in a broken mansard roof

Important! In lateral polyline triangles mansard system use only layered rafters. In the upper triangle, both layered and hanging can be used.

By location they are distinguished:

• Symmetrical ramps are a classic option, where the two halves of the roof of the house are mirror images of each other. In such gable system the maximum area of \u200b\u200bthe roof space is used. The symmetrical roof looks organic. These houses are recommended for fans of tried and tested classics.

Symmetrical roof skylight

• Asymmetric ramps are a bolder option. The skate line does not line up with the center line of the entire house. The lengths of the slopes can vary greatly. With such a roofing device, the flatness of the attic room is reduced. Houses with such a roof are recommended for fans of modern asymmetrical architecture.

Mansard roof with asymmetric slopes

Slopes located at different levels

They have no strong point. The slopes in the attic are not connected to each other, but rather hang over each other. Houses with this type of roofing device look unusual and are not widespread in our country.

General view of the house with slopes at different levels

Hip and semi-hip roofs

These mansard roofs form a separate species due to the fact that their slopes are located not only on the sides, but completely or partially replace the pediments.

• Hip. The classic version of four slopes. The two main side ones are trapezoidal. Instead of pediments - "hips". All four ramps encircle the walls at the same level from the ground.

Hip roof
Hip roof structure

• Semi-hip. They are specially designed for areas with high wind loads. This type has the most complex shape of all gable. The side slopes are polygon-shaped. The hips end at about the middle of the lateral slopes. This type of roof is suitable for creating a full-fledged residential second floor.

Cottage with a half-hipped roof attic

Important! In some reference books, hip and half-hip roof structures are called four-slope. The essence and principle of the system does not change from this.

General principles of the device

Any building structure consists of a skeleton and a shell. Roofing or rafter systems are no exception. Comfortable and safe living of home owners, as well as terms of trouble-free operation, depend on their strength and performance characteristics.

The skeleton of a gable roof attic is a wooden truss structure. It must meet several basic requirements:

• Strength. Withstand the weight of snow and water, as well as wind and other types of dynamic loads.
• Ease. The lighter the frame, the lower the cost of the whole house.
• Functionality. The rafters should evenly distribute the load on the supporting elements without overloading individual sections.

A gable roof covering is a shell that protects indoor spaces from heat, cold, moisture, snow and wind. It must meet several basic requirements:

• Ease. The lower the weight of the roof covering, the lower the load on the rafter system. The final cost of the entire structure depends on this.
• Reliability. Roofing is the first and main line in the path of an aggressive external environment.
• Aesthetic beauty. The roof is one of the most prominent elements of a building. First of all, attention is paid to him.

All roof structures roofs consist of the same type of components:

The main structural elements of a gable roof attic

• Mauerlat is a rectangular or square wooden bar. It connects the supporting walls and rafters, distributing the load along the entire perimeter of the building. The Mauerlat is laid along the walls and secured with anchors or reinforcement. Rafters are installed on top of it.
• Rafter legs are the basis of the roofing system. The whole load falls on them. The rafters are made of wooden beams square or rectangular section. At one end they rest on the Mauerlat, and at the other they are connected to each other. According to the method of fastening, rafter legs are layered and hanging.
• Ridge bar - structural element square or round. It is located on top and the upper part rests on it rafter legs.

These three elements form the basis of any gable roof attic. They can be used to build a simple truss system. For more complex structures, there are a number of additional elements:

• A brace is a bar that supports the rafters and is installed at an angle to them. At the bottom, the brace rests on the floor beam.
• The rack is a bar that serves to support the rafter leg. It is installed at right angles to the floor.
• A clasp is a bar that connects two vertical structural members. Its main function is to absorb tensile forces in large rafter systems.
• The crossbar is a beam that additionally connects the rafters. He does not let them leave.
• The lathing is a timber, which is the basis for installing a roof covering. It is made from boards and fastened with a certain pitch across the rafters.

The number and frequency of installation of these elements depends on the design load on the gable roof attic. We must remember that the more elements, the more expensive and heavier the whole structure. The less space is left for the attic living space. Therefore, before building, everything must be carefully calculated, but it is better to make a full-fledged building drawing with all the calculations.

Do-it-yourself gable mansard roof, photo

An attic is an attic space designed to house or store household items. Unlike a flat roof in multi-storey residential buildings, a mansard roof can be gable and multi-pitched. For the construction of cottages, in a price-quality ratio, the best option is a gable roof.

Half hip hipped roof is considered the most interesting model, which, among many other options, came to Russia from northern Europe. The roof has a streamlined shape that makes it more resistant to strong wind gusts.

Thanks to the shortened triangular slopes, the usable area of \u200b\u200bthe attic space is significantly increased without the construction of a massive roof structure... Buildings with such a roof look quite stylish regardless of the number of floors and purpose.

The only drawback of a half-hip roof is a rather complicated construction technology. But if you know and understand how the truss system of such a roof is arranged, and if you make the correct calculation of the half-hip roof, you can cope with the work yourself.

Varieties of half-hip roofs

The semi-hip structure cannot be called four-slope, although the basis for it is the technology of erecting an envelope roof. It has elements of both a gable and a gable structure, and during the construction, the methods of both structures are used.

The design of the semi-hip roof has several features that somewhat distinguish it from the hipped roof family. First, the hip of such a roof is slightly shortened. Secondly, a part of the pediment adjoins it, if the house is stone, or the gable, if the house is wooden. In relation to these walls, the shortened triangle is located at an angle, which can be concave or convex. The hip itself can be located at the top of the forceps or pediment, or at the bottom of these walls.

Depending on the shape and location of the elements of the semi-gable gable roof, two types of structures are distinguished:

• The Dutch roof has a trapezoidal hip that is located at the bottom of the pediment. The top of the trapezoid joins the vertical triangle to form a concave angle. The triangle can be fully wired or have a window opening.
• At the Danish roof, a triangular half-hip is located in the upper part of the ramp. Its base is connected to the vertical pediment, forming a convex angle.

Based on these structures, various roof options are created. They can differ in the height and shape of the elements, have different slopes and their angle of inclination. Quite often there are four-slope structures with single elements of a half-hip roof.

Regardless of the combination chosen, the installation of the rafter system is carried out based on gable roof, that is, using a layered or hanging method. A rafter rafter system is arranged when it is possible to create solid support for the upper part of the rafter legs. Otherwise, a hanging rafter system is installed. In both situations, the lower heels of the rafters should be supported by the Mauerlat, floor beams, the upper row of a log or log house.

In general, the rafter system is built on the basis of one of the methods for constructing a half-hip roof or on their complex use. If you understand the intricacies of these methods, you can make a roof with your own hands using Danish or Dutch technology, and also combine shortened hips with a conventional pitched roof.

The device of the rafter system according to Dutch technology

Its layout resembles a forked rectangle with trapezoids on the sides. The initial steps are carried out using the technology of a traditional hipped roof.

Building the foundation

First of all, the supports necessary for laying the run under the ridge are mounted. The support legs can be replaced with a frame, in which the upper part acts as a purlin. Next, you can install the rafter legs. Differences in technology begin at the moment when the rafters and rafters of the Dutch half-hip roof are installed. It is these elements that form the plane of the shortened pentagonal ramp.

Diagonal rafters are connected to the drill by means of a cut. This element is a board with a thickness of more than 5 cm and is nailed horizontally between ordinary rafters. The upper part of the central cuffs is fixed to the tide with nails or corners. The installation of the rest of the rafters is performed in the following way: the upper part is nailed to the diagonal rafters, the Mauerlat or the floor beam becomes the support of the lower part.

You can strengthen the area of \u200b\u200bthe half hip with the help of struts, which are installed at the junction of the jumpers and ordinary rafters. The outer truss is assembled from double rafters. In the place where the jumper is nailed to the rack, pieces of boards are additionally nailed - short ones. These elements help prevent the deformation process of the structure from increased loads.

The triangular pediment, located above the half hip, must be sheathed using planks or any sheet material... To do this, you will need to calculate the pediment to order necessary materials... The most effective option is to arrange a window opening in this triangular element. Even small windows provide natural light and ventilation.

Combining Dutch and Danish technology

A large number of roof options are being developed based on the Dutch version. One of them involves the use of a half-hip of the same shape instead of a triangular pediment. This element, when combined with a shortened pentagon-shaped ramp, forms a convex angle. However, in some cases, a concave angle may form between these elements. In the diagram, the design resembles a regular envelope, but in practice, the projection of the hip elements has some differences.

Differences are observed in the installation technology. The main part of the half-gable gable roof is mounted, depending on the technology chosen, with layered or hanging rafter legs. Further, to create a characteristic fracture next to the extreme rafter truss, shortened rafters are installed.

Diagonal rafters are placed at their corners. The rest of the work is carried out in accordance with the drawings of the Dutch version according to the scheme of the half-hip roof truss system described above. The upper triangular element is made using Danish technology.

The device of the roof truss system according to the Danish method

Danish roofs have many interesting features, as does the Dutch roof. But the rafter system is arranged in a slightly different way. In general, both roof options are two tiers stacked on top of each other.

It is in this way that broken structures are equipped in the case of the intended placement of the attic in the attic space. But a sloping roof costs several times more than a half-hip. This calls for a more detailed study of the latter option.

Step-by-step roof construction using Danish technology

The Danish roof has a triangular hip and the adjoining pediment is trapezoidal. At first glance, the roof layout resembles a hip structure, but the shortened hip is smaller, and its corners do not coincide with the corners of the roof.

In order not to make mistakes during the construction of a half-hip roof with your own hands, it is important to correctly draw up a roof project and calculate the elements of the rafter system. In this case, you do not need to calculate the size of each element, you can determine the parameters of the largest part. For the rest of the details, it allows using the same measurements or slightly less.

The ridge part of the rafter system

The beginning of the construction of the truss system of a half-hip roof, like other options, is the installation of a Mauerlat. It will act as a support for the bottom of the main and diagonal rafters. In this case, the support points will be located at different heights, which is explained by the unequal height of the bearing walls and gables.

The first stages of construction are as follows:

• A Mauerlat is being built, the design of which differs from the standard version. The timber must be laid in several strips. The first is laid in line with the inner plane of the bearing walls. The second is along the center line of the inner load-bearing wall. The third is on a par with inner surface pediments.
• Lay the floor beams. They should be located at right angles to the Mauerlat on the main load-bearing walls. If it is not possible to use a solid timber, it is best to select elements so that the joint is located on the internal load-bearing wall.
• Install supports for the run under the ridge on load-bearing wall inside the house. The extreme supports are installed at a distance equal to the length of the main roof. Ordinary posts are evenly distributed in this area. In this case, the load will be the same in all parts of the roof. Before attaching the supports, it is imperative to check the verticality of their installation, using a plumb line or a building level for this purpose. Fixed racks are temporarily reinforced with auxiliary elements.
• The installation of ordinary rafters of the main part of the roof is performed using inclined or hanging technology.

Do-it-yourself installation of hip rafters

Diagonal rafter legs in the mansard half-hip roof are designed to connect the edge of the ridge and the corners of the pediment. Their manufacture and installation has several specific points that allow you to do a fairly accurate work:

• Flush with the outer side of the Mauerlat on the pediment, a cut board 5 * 15 cm in size is installed and fixed with one or two nails. This element allows you to mark the location of the cut, without performing unnecessary actions.
• In parallel with the run under the ridge, another board is laid on three or four adjacent rafters. Checking the horizontal position, this element is pulled up to the previously nailed board. The intersection of these elements is the point through which the horizontal cut line is drawn.
• Using a board 5 * 20 cm, a diagonal rafter is made. For this, the workpiece is applied to the upper part of the extreme truss and to the corner of the cut board. To simplify the process, it is recommended to perform all actions with a partner: one holds the workpiece, the other makes a mark.
• A horizontal line is drawn on the outside of the board, keeping to the central axis.
• Determine the value of the upper cut and transfer it to the lower edge of the workpiece.
• The resulting value is deposited at four points that define the volumetric image of the rafter.
• The workpiece is removed to the ground and the necessary cuts are made.

Before installing the diagonal rafter legs, you must remove the auxiliary board from the Mauerlat. The finished elements are installed in place and firmly fixed. The fastening of the rafters at the top can be done with nails, and at the bottom it is better to use the corners.

Installation of rafter legs of a half-gable gable roof

The height of the diagonal rafter at the point of attachment to the Mauerlat should be measured. A similar distance is measured from the top of the ridge bar and a mark is made. From this point to the middle of the pediment, a lace is pulled, along which one should navigate in the process of making the central rafters.

The center leg of the half hip is set as follows:

• Measure the angle between the stretched lace and the support, this is necessary to accurately determine the line of the upper cut.
• Measure the angle between the diagonal rafters, it will help to accurately remove the edges for a tighter fit into the knot.
• They take a board of a certain length and size 5 * 15 cm, wash it down according to the value of the first angle and sharpen it until an angular protrusion with the second value is obtained.
• Trying on the workpiece. To do this, it is applied to the stretched lace from above and the distance from the ridge to the top of the workpiece is measured.
• The result is transferred to the bottom edge of the board. The distance is laid strictly vertically and a horizontal line is drawn. This is how the cuttings are created at the bottom of the structure.
• After the cut comes the turn of the lower cut line. Using a tape measure, debug the width of the cornice and draw a vertical line until it intersects with the diagonal rafter.
• It is not recommended to attach the hip leg right away; it can be used to make wives.

Narodniks are made using a similar technique, but it is important to take into account the actual dimensions and features of the installation.

Completion of the installation of the rafter system

After completing the installation of all elements of the rafter system, including shortened rafters, it is necessary to complete the final work. They involve the preparation of the rafter system for the installation of the sheathing and covering the half-hip roof with the selected material.

To complete the final steps, you need to do the following:

• Mount gable filly, which will form the end overhangs. These elements should be fixed on the outermost ramps of the main slopes and rest against the inclined elements of the pediment. Fillets should be spaced about 1 meter apart. If the main box is made of concrete or brick, you need to take care of waterproofing the elements. Moreover, it is enough to use cheap materials, such as roofing felt or glassine, folded in several layers.
• Sheathe the perimeter of the roof with a wind board, using a material measuring 5 * 15 cm.Fix the elements on the gable and main overhang. The original length of the board is determined by the roof design, but adjustments can be made during the sheathing process. Wind boards, leaning against the filly, must first be tried on, washed down, and then fixed.
• It is necessary to build up diagonal elements with a board of appropriate sizes.

The rafter system according to Danish technology is considered complete. The completion of all work will be the filing of the cornices and the installation of the sheathing in accordance with the technical characteristics of the selected roofing material.

It is difficult to understand the issue of building a rafter system of a half-hip roof, but this must be done for self-erecting a roof. Moreover, the main points were presented in detail.