Types of hipped roof. Hipped roof - drawings and detailed arrangement! How to make a hipped roof

A roof of four slopes - why is it good? The numerous operational advantages of this type certainly outweigh the disadvantages. Is the hipped roof truss system as simple as many newcomers to the construction business think? You will definitely find out soon! We will describe important nuances and features of the stages of erection of a hip roof in this article.

What you need to know about hipped roof truss systems?

There are two options for hipped roofs: hip roof and hip roof. The first type has the shape of a rectangular envelope, consisting of two main trapezoidal slopes and a ridge, and two pediment (side) slopes - triangles:

A hipped roof is four identical isosceles triangles connected at one upper point (resembles a tent):

Both options provide for the installation of both layered and suspended rafters, which are installed using standard technologies.

How to choose the type of rafter system for a 4-pitched roof?

In the absence of a central roof support, the choice is made in favor of a hanging rafter system... If you can find upper and lower supports for each rafter, then you should choose a layered structure. This option is easier and more accessible for non-professional craftsmen. You just need to remember two main conditions: with a rigid fastening of the bottom and top, a reinforced Mauerlat is needed, since the thrust is transferred to it; with a hinged mount or semi-rigid connection (for example, the top is articulated, and the bottom is rigid or vice versa), the Mauerlat does not need to be reinforced:

The choice of one of the types of hipped roof should be determined by the shape of the house itself. Hip rafters are erected for square houses, hip rafters for rectangular ones. Also, you can find complex multi-slope roofs of a combined type, which contain both hip and hip elements.

Both hip and hip structures retain the basic functions of a gable roof (for example, the possibility of arranging an attic) and look very aesthetically pleasing:

Why is a hipped roof more popular than a gable?

"Why then the extra headache and difficulties?" - you ask: "After all, you can build a simple gable roof much faster and cheaper." Here, the craftsmen emphasize some important points in favor of choosing exactly four slopes for the roof:

High wind resistance. The four-pitched roof has no gables, all of its planes are inclined towards the ridge. This structure minimizes the impact strong wind and reduces to "0" possible destructive consequences.
The most successful load distribution. The multi-pitched roof withstands the maximum amount of precipitation, since the gentle slopes take part of the main load. Therefore, sagging, deformation and destruction of the rafter system, in this case, have a minimal likelihood.
The availability of a choice of any method of roof insulation. Straight gables require a special approach when choosing the type of roof insulation, as they are located vertically and are subject to wind blowing. The gentle slopes of the hip and tent systems allow you to uniformly insulate the roof with any available material.

In addition to the listed "pluses", a roof with four slopes perfectly conserves heat, can be clad with any roofing material and always has a neat appearance.

The device of a four-slope rafter system

Rafter hipped construction consists of the following elements: Mauerlat, ridge beam, central and hip rafters, slant legs, as well as benches, racks, crossbars, struts and other reinforcing details. Let's consider the most basic elements.

I. Mauerlat

Mauerlat is the most important design detail, since the entire rafter system is supported on it. It is a powerful wooden beam 100x200, 100x250, 100x100, 150x250, 200x200 cm. The Mauerlat is made of solid quality wood, mainly conifers. Rafter system hip roof, like any multi-pitched roof, requires a thorough fixing of the base bar. The procedure for installing the Mauerlat in this case: the formation of a monolithic foundation at the end load-bearing walls with the installation of spiers; laying waterproofing; processing and installation of Mauerlat around the perimeter of the entire house; reinforced with anchors and other fasteners for maximum reliability of the base.

Mauerlat can be laid on the edge of the wall, or in the pocket provided for brick laying on the inside of the bearing walls.

II. Slant legs

Slant legs are the four corner rafters that rest on the edges of the ridge and the corners of the Mauerlat. They are the longest among all the rafter legs of the system, therefore they must have a section of at least 100x150 mm for maximum rigidity.

III. Ridge bar

The ridge girder is a horizontal beam that connects all the rafters, the top of the rafter system. The beam must be strengthened with uprights and struts. The ridge should be located strictly parallel to the plane of the attic floor and perpendicular to the uprights.

IV. Rafters

Rafters for a four-pitched roof are divided into: central (mounted on the Mauerlat and the ridge); main hip (attached to the ridge axis and Mauerlat); intermediate and shortened (installed on slant legs and Mauerlat, connect the corners of the slopes).

V. Reinforcing elements

Additional reinforcing elements include ridge racks, crossbars or floor beams, rafter leg struts, wind beams, etc.

Diy rafter system for a hipped roof

Consider stepwise process erection of a truss structure. For clarity, we have chosen the most popular option - a hip roof. The rafter system, hip roof, a diagram of which, step by step, is presented to your attention below:

Step I: Create the project

To depict your version of the hip roof in the drawing, it is necessary to calculate the height, length, slopes of the slopes and roof area. This is necessary for a clear and high-quality implementation of the project and the selection of the required amount of consumables:

Calculations should start with the choice of the angle of the roof slopes. The optimal slope is considered to be an angle of 20-450. The slope must correspond to the climatic features of the region. So, in especially windy areas, the slope should be minimal, and for areas where precipitation is frequent and abundant, the steepest slope angle is required. In addition to the weather environment, you need to take into account the roofing material that you plan to use. For a soft roof, the slope should be less, for a hard one - more.

And one more small, but important nuance on this issue - it is better to make the slope angle the same for all four slopes. So the load will be evenly distributed, and the structure will be as stable as possible, and the aesthetic appeal will remain "high".

Now, knowing the angle of inclination and width of the house, we can use simple mathematics to calculate the height of the ridge, the length of the rafter legs, racks and other details of the rafter system. When calculating the length of the rafters, do not forget to take into account the eaves overhang (as a rule, its length is 40-50 cm).

Roof area for purchasing the required quantity roofing material calculated as the sum of the areas of all slopes of the structure.

How to draw up a roof drawing correctly?

Select the scale of the drawing and transfer the dimensions of the house to scale on a sheet of paper;
Next, we transfer the selected dimensions of our roof to the diagram: the height of the ridge, its length, the number and size of rafter legs, struts, racks and all the details, in accordance with the calculations made earlier;
Now everything can be counted necessary materials and start looking for them.

Step II: Getting Started

For the construction roof frame you will need standard tools and equipment: drills, screwdriver, jigsaws, hammers, chisels, etc. We already know the required amount of materials for the rafter system, so we can make a purchase. The lumber for the frame should be solid, not have cracks, wormholes, have a light shade, without gray or yellow bloom, smell like fresh wood. Damp forest should not be laid on the roof immediately, it must be dried, treated with an antiseptic solution and dried again. The moisture content of the tree should not exceed 20%.

Step III: Mounting the Mauerlat

Mauerlat is the basic part of the entire rafter system. It transfers spacer loads to the load-bearing walls of the house. Installing a Mauerlat for a hipped roof is no different from similar structures with two or one slope. This process is described in maximum detail in our previous articles.

The base beam, the parameters of which are described above, are placed on the armpole and high-quality waterproofing. If it is necessary to connect the Mauerlat, then the bars are cut in half of the section and overlapped using strong fasteners.

Step IV: Laying the slats or floor beams

If there are load-bearing walls inside the house, then on their ends it is necessary to install rods - the basis for the support racks of the roofing system. If there are no more load-bearing floors in the house, then the attic floor is covered with reinforced beams, on which the supports for the roof are subsequently installed, and then the attic floor pie is laid.

Beams must have a cross section of at least 100x200 mm. The step between them is 60 cm. You can slightly adjust this figure, depending on the characteristics of your home. The distance between the extreme beams and the Mauerlat should not be less than 90 cm. This distance is used for the installation of semi-beams of the eaves overhang (extension). The stems are attached to the two outer beams using strong anchors and reinforced metal corners.

Step V: Installing the support posts, purlins and ridge

The uprights are an important part for supporting the structure, they redistribute the weight of the rafter system onto the beds or floor beams. The racks are installed strictly perpendicular to the plane of the bed. In hipped roof systems, the supports are installed under the ridge beam (hip roof) or under the corner rafters (hip roof):

The uprights must be securely attached to the base using metal plates and reinforced corners. The purlins are installed as an additional support for the racks. In a hipped roof, the girders are rectangular, and for hips, these are ordinary ridge girders.

After we are convinced of the correctness of the installed supports (using a meter and a level), you can attach the upper ridge beam. It mounts on vertical posts and is reinforced with reliable metal fasteners (plates, corners, anchors and self-tapping screws). Now we take on the corner stems:

Step VI: Installing the rafters

The first is to install the side rafters, which rest on the ridge beam and the Mauerlat (or are fixed with an extension). To do this, you need to make a template rafter with appropriate cuts. We attach the rafter leg to the ridge, mark the place where the rafters were washed down with a pencil, then mark the place where the rafters were washed down for docking with the Mauerlat and make the saws. Reattach the rafter to the supports to make sure the docking is correct and to correct any deficiencies. This pattern can now be used to make all side rafters. The installation of the rafter legs of the main slopes is carried out along general rules, described in the device of the gable rafter system (see article and video).

Diagonal (corner) rafters are mounted next. Their upper edge is installed on the rack and joins with the edge of the ridge bar. Before this, measurements are made and the corresponding saws of the rafter legs. The lower end of the diagonals is fixed at the corners of the Mauerlat:

Since diagonal rafters are longer than all other legs, they require additional support. This function is performed by sprengels - support beams that are installed under each diagonal leg, in its lower quarter (this is where the greatest load occurs). Sprengel, like the ridge posts, are installed on supporting corner beams located in the plane of the floor beams.

Between the corner ribs, the space is filled with auxiliary rafter legs - wedges. The lower part of them rests on the Mauerlat, and the upper part on the diagonal rafter leg. The step between the rafters should be equal to the step between the side rafters (50-150 cm).

Step VII: lathing

It remains to complete the final stage of the formation of the roof skeleton - the installation of the lathing. These are boards or bars of 50x50 mm, which are attached to the rafters parallel to the ridge run and the Mauerlat. The pitch of the sheathing boards is 50-60 cm. This is quite enough for laying the roofing cake. When envisaged soft roof, the lathing is placed in 2 layers (counter lathing and lathing).

Finally, a few videos:

So, we have described the installation of the four-pitched roof truss system, its basic principles, and even delved into some of the nuances. Hip and hip designs - although not the easiest, but quite feasible option for every novice craftsman. Especially if he has good helpers. We wish you success in your work!

Four-slope rafter roof considered to be a rather complex structure. It is recommended to entrust the construction of such a structure to experienced professionals who will help you correctly calculate the angle of inclination of the supporting beams and choose the optimal weight of roofing materials.

This design has both advantages and disadvantages. Before choosing a similar roof for your home, it is recommended to carefully consider the positive and negative sides of a hipped roof.

The main advantage of such a structure is the aesthetic appearance of the residential building. Thanks to this, the house takes on a smooth and streamlined shape.

Varieties of hipped roof

There are several types of such a design. The standard structure is an isosceles triangle that connects at a central point.

Novice builders often confuse four pitched roof with a conventional hip roof. It consists of triangles that form a regular square in top view.

If the plan shows a rectangle, then we are dealing with a hip structure. She received this name as a result of the use of special stingrays, which have appearance forceps - hips.

The hipped roof is divided into the following types:

dutch
half-hip Dutch;
half-hip Danish;
hip.

The Dutch roof is distinguished by its resistance to climatic disasters. It uses two trapezoidal slopes. The upper parts have long regular triangles, and the lateral ones are presented in the form of shortened corners.

In this case, a rafter system is used in which four inclined beams are used with required angle stingray. The calculation of the hipped roof is based on the area of \u200b\u200bthe building.

This makes it possible to correctly position the inclined beams and the distance between them.

The semi-hinged Dutch roof can be made as a gable or a four-pitched rafter roof. For the construction of such a structure, it is recommended to carefully select construction Materials.

Bearing supports should be made of dense wood species. This variety is distinguished by its durability and endurance in relation to natural disasters.

Advantages and disadvantages

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a hipped roof? Experienced specialists distinguish the following positive traits similar structure. These include:

lack of gables. Thanks to this, it is possible to improve the aerodynamic performance of the roof;
minimum angle of inclination of roof slopes. In this case, the hipped roof system allows you to adjust the length of the hanging logs. These elements help to make them an additional canopy for the veranda;
aesthetic appearance of a residential building. The house acquires smooth and streamlined lines.

The disadvantages include the following reasons:

complex installation. You can make such a roof yourself, if you have special skills;
high consumption of building materials. To create a hip roof, four slopes must be made, which require additional marking and deformation of the roofing;
the construction of an attic space is required. If this requirement is neglected, then the risk of partial collapse of the erected structure increases.

Do-it-yourself hipped roof

How to make a hipped roof with your own hands? We bring to your attention detailed instructions that will help you to correctly build this structure.

It includes:

Calculation of a hipped roof. This manipulation allows you to correctly calculate the amount of building material, the distance between the bearing lags and the angle of inclination of the roofing. The roof area will be slightly larger than the width of the ceiling span.

Drawings of a hipped roof. Here are detailed calculations and additional elements for attaching load-bearing logs.

Erection ceiling slab... To do this, use dense wood, which is fixed at a distance of 50 cm from each other. Next, a layer of waterproofing is laid, which will prevent the appearance of mold and excessive humidity in the room.

On concrete walls install metal fittings. Bearing beams will be attached to it in the future.

Now the construction of the beam spans is being started. They are fixed with metal corners and embedded anchors. When installing, it is important to observe the angle of inclination. For a classic Dutch roof, 45-50 degrees must be observed.

Next, we start making the attic space. It will be located in the center of the roof structure. To do this, make rectangles from a dense bar. For a roof of 50 m2, 4-5 elements will be needed;

The beam frame will rest on the top edges of the rectangular structures. The beams should form a 45 ° angle at the top. All elements are fixed with anchors with plastic attachments.

When the frame is complete, proceed to the roofing deck. Here you can use metallic profile, or soft tiles... The photo of the hipped roof shows the workflow.

Photo of a hipped roof

Building a house with your own hands is a long and laborious process, and also very costly in terms of finance. If you wish, you can save on the installation of the roof and do the work on the installation of a 4-pitched roof with your own hands.

A hipped roof is the most popular type of roof, which is also quite easy to build with your own hands. If you have at least minimal skills and experience in construction work, then, following the instructions, you can build a roof yourself. The choice of a 4-pitched structure is explained by its many advantages - it is effective drainage of rainwater and snow, resistance to wind loads. under such a roof, you can equip a spacious attic. An important role is played by the cost of building a roof, a 4-pitched roof is a fairly economical option.

Kinds

There are several types of roofs with 4 slopes. The most popular is the so-called hip roof. It consists of two trapezoids and two triangles. Trapezoidal slopes are connected to each other along the upper edge, and triangular ones are attached to them from the frontal sides.

Another common option is four triangular surfaces connected at one central point. You can also create almost any project that involves ramps at different levels, different shapes, with a broken connection line, etc.

If you are not a professional in the field of construction, then when creating a 4-pitched roof, stop at the hip roof as the easiest to install.

How to make a 4-pitched roof with your own hands. Step-by-step instruction

Before proceeding with the installation of the roof, you should draw up its project. Calculations can be done independently, as there is nothing complicated about it. The main thing is to understand what this or that parameter on the diagram depends on.

Slope angle

When calculating the angle of inclination of the slopes, three indicators are used:

precipitation in the region

roof material

The slope can be from 5 to 60 degrees. You should also consider whether you will equip the attic space. If the slopes are too shallow, then the height of the attic will be small - it will be impossible to make a living room here. Thus, for the construction of an attic, the slope of the slopes should be no more than 45 degrees.

If the area is characterized by frequent gusty winds or a large amount of precipitation in winter time, do not make a roof with an angle of inclination less than 30 degrees.

If the slope is 60 degrees or more, then the atmospheric phenomena of the climatic zone can be ignored.

As for the material for the manufacture of the roof, the building codes provide for minimum values \u200b\u200bfor each of them.

Bitumen-based roll materials can be laid horizontally.
Asbestos cement and clay tiles - at an angle of 9 degrees.
Steel roofing materials - a slope of 18 degrees or more.
Wood - from 34 degrees.

Height

The height of the roof is the parameter that will need to be calculated. We know the base area since the box is built. The roof slope was calculated in the previous step. Thus, using simple formulas from the time of the school curriculum, it will be possible to calculate the height of the skate.

Training. Required tools and materials

Prepare all the necessary tools in advance so as not to be distracted by their search later. You will need:

hacksaw
measuring instruments: plumb line, level and tape measure
chisel
circular saw
drill
screwdriver
a hammer

Of the materials, the main role is given to the roofing. Do not forget also about the fasteners with which it will be attached to the rafter system.

For the sheathing of the four-pitched roof, high-quality sawn timber is used, larch or pine wood is suitable.

The maximum moisture content of the boards and beams is 22%.

For rafters - boards 50 x 100 mm or 50 x 200 mm
For Mauerlat - timber 150 x150 mm or more
Sheathing boards

Also purchase threaded metal studs and metal plates - these elements will be used for fastening. You will also need an antiseptic for wood pretreatment. To complete the installation of the roof as quickly as possible, prepare the waterproofing and thermal insulation material provided by the project.

Rafter system

Mauerlat. This is the base of the rafter system, which is made of thick timber. If you are making a roof on a log house, then the last crown of the log house will play the role of the Mauerlat. If the house is brick, then the installation of the Mauerlat is also designed in advance. A concrete belt is made under it, in which metal studs are walled up. The timber is subsequently fixed on them.
Ridge run. This is the uppermost part of the system, a thick beam on which the rafter boards will subsequently be attached.
Rafters. These elements represent the boards from which the main frame is created.
- diagonal rafters connect the corners of the Mauerlat and the ridge girder
- in-line rafters are mounted on trapezoidal slopes
- the rafter half-legs rest on the Mauerlat, and on the other hand, on the diagonal rafters
Sill. It is installed parallel to the ridge girder on the load-bearing wall. Its task is to transfer part of the weight of the roof to the frame.
Support legs. They connect the bed and the ridge run to each other, make the structure more durable.
Braces. Lean on the bed and support the diagonal rafters to reduce the load on them.
Other auxiliary structural elements - truss, puffs, filly, crossbars. They support certain details of the crate and take the load off them.

Stages of work on the installation of the frame

Installation of Mauerlat and lying.
Installation of vertical posts with a step of 1000 - 1200 mm.
Fastening the ridge girder.
Installation of rafter legs. First, one element is made, tried on for the Mauerlat and the ridge run. The rest of the details are made on its basis. The pitch of the rafter legs is 600 or 1200 mm.
Installation of diagonal rafters. They start fastening from the top, the boards are cut into the ridge so that they become its continuation. From below they are attached in the corners of the Mauerlat.
Fastening the wrist.
Installation of struts and trusses. These elements are not always necessary. If the structure is strong enough without them, then there is no need for installation.
Additional elements are required if the length of the rafters is from 6 meters or more. In other cases - at your discretion.
Installation of waterproofing. The selected material is attached with a construction stapler.
Sheathing flooring. If it is solid, regular plywood will do. For the lattice frame, boards are used.
Laying of roofing material. Fastening is carried out exclusively in the way that is suitable for the specific building material selected. It is best to use the supplied hardware.
Mounting drainage system... This is the final part of the roof installation.

If you plan to use the attic space as a residential attic, you need to insulate it from the inside. Then it remains only to spend finishing work - and the roof is ready for use both outside and inside.

If you are not sure of your own knowledge, you can order a hip roof project from professionals. It is often done at the same time as the project at home. In any case, it will be cheaper than restoring the roof after installation according to the wrong parameters.
If you own computer programs, you can create a model of the roof in 3d projection.
Don't skimp on materials. Before installation, carefully check all boards for strength and treat with an antiseptic. The elements should not have cracks, bends, irregularities. For the rafter system, materials of grade 1 and higher are used.
Before installing the Mauerlat, the surface of the walls can be covered with roofing material.
Mauerlat must be fastened very firmly so that it does not move even by a fraction of a millimeter during operation. This is the basis of the entire rafter system, on which the strength of the roof depends.
The connection of the rafter elements to each other is carried out using metal corners, which are firmly attached to the elements to be connected with bolts.

Thus, it is quite possible to make a four-pitched hip roof with your own hands if you have at least basic construction skills. All that is required is thorough preparation, a study of theory and a detailed project with the calculation of the amount of materials needed.

An example of the construction of a hip roof can be seen in the following video:

Four-pitched roofs are becoming more in demand every year, due to the design conditions for sufficiently large structures. Such a roof looks more compact and neat compared to the classic versions of gable roofs. In addition, it is possible to perform not only the standard structure of such a roof, but also to diversify the roof with various elements, most often represented by dormer and dormer windows.

Gable roof options

Four-pitched roofs differ in sufficient species diversity, which allows you to perform the following types of structures:

... It is characterized by two trapezoidal planes combined with a pair of triangular slopes. The design is distinguished by the absence of gables, and roof slopes are used for the construction of dormer or dormer windows.

half-hip roof... The main difference lies in the unusual design of the hips, which consist of two parts. The lower trapezoidal segment is combined with the upper triangular part.

hipped roof... The name of this design is due to the joining of all four ramps of a triangular shape at one upper point to form quadrangular pyramid with a base of a square or rectangle. The complete absence of pediments is characteristic. The construction of four-pitched roofs is due to the presence of a rather complex rafter system, which requires detailed drawings and careful planning.

Design features

To create a competent roof project, it is necessary to take into account any possible loads that the future rafter system will experience.

Project documentation should contain:

basic drawings of the rafter system and main nodes, at the junction of the rafters with the Mauerlat and the ridge, as well as the features of the location of the crate;

technological features of the roofing cake and other roofing elements.

Drawing of a hipped roof

The basis of a detailed project makes it easy to carry out all calculations the required amount materials for the truss system and roofing cake.

Load calculation

The main units of account include:

the mass of the required roofing material;

the mass of all layers of the roofing cake being performed, including steam and waterproofing, as well as the amount of insulation;

wind load calculated on the basis of regional characteristics and roof slope;

indicators of intensity and amount of precipitation in summer;

snow load typical for the construction region;

weight of people serving the roofing;

dimensions and weight of additional equipment intended for installation on the roof surface.

Calculation of the dimensions of the hipped roof elements

The obtained parameters and the indicator of the roofing slope form the basis for calculating the length and section of the rafter system and contribute to the competent selection of roofing material.

Rafter system device

The process of constructing hipped roofs is based on the use of sloped or diagonal rafters, which are located towards the corners of the structure. It should be borne in mind that such a structure is subject to a greater load, which requires double-type rafters to be made.

A sufficiently long length implies the use of joints, which under high loads can be subject to subsidence. For this reason, it is required to install strong supports-supports under the connecting elements.

The design requires the use of rafters or short rafters, abutting the upper part against the rafters. For fixing, several different points are selected, contributing to the most uniform distribution of the load from the wives.

In the process of creating a four-pitched roof, in addition to standard elements, additional frame components are involved. All components of such a roof make up a single system that combines:

beds, which are internal support beams laid on top of load-bearing walls or columns;

side rafters forming trapezoidal roof slopes;

diagonal or oblique type of rafters;

vertical type of supports, represented by racks and trusses, which help to maintain the rafter system;

girder or ridge beam, which is a horizontal support for the rafter system at the top of the roof structure. Placed on top of the racks and secured. For hipped roof there is no need to mount a ridge bar;

horizontal ties or crossbars for connecting side rafters, which without installing such elements can disperse in different directions;

roof rafters mounted on top of diagonal rafters to form a pitched frame;

wind types of beams and strut braces, which help to increase the strength of the roof and allow it to withstand most loads;

fillets to create the necessary roof overhang, which are fixed in the lower segment of the rafter legs.

DIY step-by-step construction technology

Installation work is carried out immediately after the development of the project and the acquisition of all materials necessary in accordance with the calculations.

On initial stage Mauerlat is installed, which is fixed to the walls of the building. When laying, keep the distance from the edge outer wall five centimeters. Most often, an anchor option is used to attach the Mauerlat.

The next stage involves the performance of high-quality markings, followed by the installation of racks and the installation of a ridge bar. In the process of work performed, it is necessary to use a plumb line. To secure the racks, special jibs are required.

Next, the installation of the attachment rafters is carried out, during the installation of which the size of the future overhang is taken into account. Under standard conditions, the length of the overhang is from fifty centimeters to a meter. Optimal size - sixty centimeters.

Correct installation of diagonal rafters must be carried out in accordance with the following rules:

slant rafters are attached to the Mauerlat with the fastening of shortened rafters or rafters;

the transfer of loads from the overhead rafters is distributed by truss trusses;

as a support for truss trusses, additional tightenings are used, mounted on beams of longitudinal or transverse types;

in accordance with the design documentation, puffs, crossbars, struts and struts are installed, which are designed to increase the rigidity of the structure;

fastening of diagonal rafters at the top is performed on a ridge girder, resting on a longitudinal type of beam;

it is imperative to use a special type of notches and notches, supplemented by metal fasteners, which will allow the connection of the lower rafter ends and the Mauerlat;

the installation of ordinary rafters with a step corresponding to the calculated loads is carried out immediately after the installation of the diagonal rafters;

slant rafters are connected by means of horizontal crossbars made of boards with a section of 120 x 40 millimeters;

slanting rafters increase the resistance of the hip slopes at significant wind loads;

the presence of a bay window in the project requires the installation of truss beams made of spliced \u200b\u200bedged boards or beams.

The next stage of installation is to install the side rafters and side raftersthat must be located in the same plane. As a result of these works, side roof slopes are formed. Care should be taken to ensure the parallelism of all installed rafter legs, rafters and side elements.

After the completion of the installation of the structure of the entire rafter system, it is necessary to perform a high-quality one for which bars with a section of forty or fifty millimeters are used. This is followed by the standard execution of a suitable roofing cake, on top of which the selected roofing material is mounted.

Learn more about building a roof in the video.

Summing up

A four-pitched roof is the most reliable and economical option. roofing device in the absence of the need for an attic space.

The absence of supporting elements in the form of rigid pediments requires ensuring the reliability of the structure in accordance with the calculations and the project.

Four-pitched roofs belong to the category of popular and demanded roof structures, which is due to the ease of installation and minimization of costs for building materials for the construction of walls.

The classic four-slope, even today, remains unaccustomed to Russian latitudes and reminds of the overseas way of life. That is why it is most often built in order to give the architecture of a residential building a special effect in terms of style and perception, to distinguish it favorably from the monotonous usual buildings.

In addition, the hipped roof - built according to all the rules with your own hands - in practice has a large number of advantages, especially for the harsh Russian latitudes. Let's figure it out in more detail?

The hipped roof has slopes, which are made in the form of isosceles triangles and converge with their tops at one point. If a hipped roof comes out square in plan when viewed from above, then it is called a hipped roof.

If it does not come out square, but it turns out in the form of a rectangle, this is a hip roof. She got such an interesting name thanks to the slopes, which have the form of hip-tongs.

Dutch roof: a classic of four slopes

The Dutch or hip roof is considered a classic version, which is particularly resistant to wind and snow.

The surface of a standard hip roof forms two trapezoidal slopes along the long sides and the same number of triangular slopes along the short sides. In contrast to the hipped roof, this form, according to modern architects, is considered more aesthetic.

It involves the installation of four slanting rafters - diagonal support beams that run from the two tops of the slopes to the upper corners of the building.

But the half-hip roof, in turn, is of two types: when the side slopes cut off only part of the end from above, or already at the bottom, that is, the half-hip itself can be a triangle or a trapezoid, and be called Danish or half-hip Dutch.

Half-hinged Dutch roof: extra stability

The semi-hinged Dutch roof is both a variant of both a gable structure and a four-pitched one. It differs from the classic version by the presence of truncated hips - triangular end slopes. According to the rules, the length of the Dutch roof hip should be 1.5-3 times less than the length of the side trapezoidal slopes.

The advantage of such a roof is that it is possible to install an attic vertical window, and at the same time, there is no sharp ledge, like a gable roof, which, in turn, increases the roof's ability to withstand extreme wind loads.

Half-hip Danish roof: European traditions

But the Danish half-hip roof is a kind of purely hip design. In this case, only the lower part of the end slope is mounted, and a small vertical pediment is left under the ridge.

The advantage of this design is that it allows you to abandon the problematic in terms of waterproofing roof windows in the roof and provide natural light to the attic by installing full-fledged vertical glazing, which is now especially fashionable.

Hip roof: perfect proportions

A hipped roof is usually placed on buildings that have walls of the same length, which form a square perimeter. Such a hipped roof has all slopes in shape - the same isosceles triangles, a roofer's dream, in a word, and a builder's nightmare.

The fact is that the construction of a classic hipped roof is even more difficult than that of a hip roof, because here the rafters must all converge at one point:

The device of the roof rafter system with four slopes

Here is the simplest example of building a standard hip roof for a small country house:

Stage I. Planning and design

Before making a hipped roof, be sure to think over all its details, to the smallest detail. Be sure to build even the simplest hipped roof device according to the finished drawing. The fact is that the finished gable roof has almost noticeable flaws and distortions, but if you make a mistake somewhere in the construction of the same hip or hip roof, then the diagonal rafters simply will not converge in the ridge and it will be extremely difficult to fix it.

And therefore, if you own special programs, create a 3D model of the future roof directly in them, and if not, then just prepare detailed drawing and it's good if a professional helps you with this. All the details of such a roof must be calculated - to the smallest detail!

By the way, today it is quite fashionable to make not only a hipped roof, but also its individual functional elements:

Stage II. Blank of structural elements

So, if you took a ready-made roof drawing or sketched it yourself and are sure of the future quality, it's time to prepare the necessary elements of the rafter system. And for this, first, let's figure out how they are called correctly.

So, the first thing you have to take care of before building a hipped roof is mauerlat ... This is a square or rectangular beam that you will lay on the top of the walls around the entire perimeter of the house. It will become a support for the rafters, which will transfer the load to it, and it is this board that will evenly distribute the weight of the entire roof on the walls of the house and the foundation. Perfect option –Use a bar with a section of 15 by 10 cm as a Mauerlat.

Next, you will build rafter legs - this is the main element that will create the slope of the roof. Standard rafters are made from 50 x 150 mm boards, and diagonal ones are 100 x 150 mm.

You will need and tightening,whose main task is to prevent the rafter legs from moving to the sides. You will fix the puffs themselves and connect them with the lower ends, and for this, stock the boards with a parameter of 50 by 150 meters.

But on top, both the diagonal rafter legs and standard rafters will converge and be fixed to each other in skate... To do this, take a bar 150 x 100 mm.

Further, in the center of two opposite sides there should be a transverse beam - sill, which serves as a support for the racks, and they, in turn, support the ridge run. For this purpose, a beam with a section of 100 by 100 mm or 100 by 150 mm is suitable.

Slopes become a support for the rafters, which prevents them from moving. Such, you must install them at an angle to the rack, for this, take the same material as on the bed.

Don't forget about wind board - This is a horizontal element that connected all the lower ends of the rafters. You will need to nail it to the rafters along the inner perimeter of the roof and in this way emphasize the slope line. For this purpose, a 100 x 50 mm board is suitable.

But for the outside, you will need another board - filly, from the same material. This board has received such a strange name since the times when it was made carved, in the form of horse muzzles.

But the most unusual and complex element of the hipped roof is sprengel, which gives rigidity to the entire structure. Its main task is to link all horizontal and vertical elements. It is also mounted at an angle, and is made of 100 x 100 mm timber:

And finally, if we are talking specifically about a hip roof, then the only element that is present exclusively in hip roofs is wives... They are shortened rafters that rest on a diagonal rafter leg. You can make them from a board of 50 x 150 mm.

In life, all these elements look like this:

Think also about insulation, waterproofing foil and additional roofing elements:

Stage ІІІ. Installation of an attic floor

Often, the headstock of hanging rafters or suspension, which works in tension in a hip roof, must be made of steel. To do this, special wooden girders are suspended perpendicular to the tightening of wooden rafters on clamps.

And already perpendicular to the girders are suspended wooden beams, after which beams are placed between them. Therefore, if you want to reduce the roof load by hanging rafters or truss, you need to choose suspended floor designs.

For steel trusses, the suspended ceiling must be made fireproof, along the steel beams. Between such beams, prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs should be laid, and already on them - light insulation. To increase the fire resistance and durability of such load-bearing structures, they must be made of reinforced concrete. Moreover, the most reinforced concrete bearing structures it is better to do it from large-sized prefabricated panels so as not to risk it.

Stage IV. Ridge girder installation

When calculating a ridge run, start from the following nuances:

If the building has capital longitudinal walls, or at least two rows of internal pillars, then two runs are made. However, many roof structures along the length can be composite, and crossbars are used to increase rigidity.
If the building does not have internal supports, then inclined rafters cannot be made here. And therefore, special construction trusses are used, to which attic floor is simply suspended. In this case, the rods, which are located along the upper contour of the trusses, form the upper belt of the construction truss, and along the lower contour, already the lower belt. The truss lattice itself now forms vertical rods and braces - inclined rods that are located between the upper and lower chords. Moreover, such farms are not necessarily made only of wood, on the contrary, today steel reinforced concrete ones are quite popular. During the construction process, the trusses are installed at a distance of 4-6 meters from each other. The simplest version of such trusses is truss, which consist of rafter legs, vertical suspension, headstock and puffs.
If the width of the building is large enough, construction trusses or truss supports are used during installation. But then the attic floor cannot be covered with beams that will rest on the walls alone. Such a structure must be suspended on steel clamps to the lower chord of the truss, or to a tie, in order to form, thus, suspended ceilings.

In this photo illustration, you can clearly see how exactly the rafters need to be attached to the ridge and ridges:

Stage V. Installation of standard and diagonal rafters

So, the diagonal rafter legs rest directly on the ridge, depending on the following conditions:

If there is only one ridge girder in the middle of the roof, then the diagonal leg needs to be stuffed on the girder console. They are specially released for this 15 centimeters behind a fake frame, and then sawed off the excess.
If there are two girders, then they need to install a truss structure from a horizontal beam and a rack, and then fix the rafters themselves.
If at the same time the beam is strong, from a bar, and not from boards, then it makes sense to make a surf - a short board with a thickness of at least 5 centimeters. And on it already to support the rafters of the hip roof.

In addition, for reliability, the rafters are fixed with a metal wire twisted several times.

On the ribs, the installation of the ridge elements must be done in the same sequence as on a regular roof ridge. Those. install the rib element with a closed end, put the ridge elements in the lock and fasten them mechanically... But at the intersection of the ribs and the ridge of the hip roof, it is customary to install Y-shaped ridge elements, although the initial and final ridge elements can also be used instead.

But only cut them off along the contour when they are fixed on the edge, and mechanically fix the joints. Be sure to treat with primer and mineral powder from the standard repair kit. Do not forget also when installing the ridge elements, finally, on the ribs or ridge of the hipped roof, leave a gap for air exhaust from the roof space.

All the same principles must be observed when building a hipped roof of a complex shape:

You can do it! Please ask your questions in the comments.