Everything you wanted to know about skylights. How to choose roof windows Determination of glazing area

Installation skylights should be carried out according to the instructions and constantly check the quality and implementation of the necessary installation steps. Otherwise, your roof will be of poor quality and leak at the slightest natural damage.

Skylights in the roof and three vertical windows - lucarnes in the roof of the attic

It is important to remember the main stages of installing skylights in the roof and their types in order to equip your house as efficiently and efficiently as possible and use the maximum possibilities of the modern construction market.

The first rule to remember when installing a roof window is that it must be attached not to the window frame, but to roof structure(wooden or metal-plastic window frame).

In order to make your structure lighter and the window can be installed faster and more firmly, a horizontal beam should be installed at the bottom of the window and attached to the truss system.

During the installation of the attic structure, it is worth leveling the lower half of the window with a level and screwing all the corners with self-tapping screws, which are necessarily included with the purchased structure.

Next, you need to align the length of the window parallel to the rafters and screw the screws into the oblong holes at the corners of the attachment. They should not be screwed in completely, because after installation you can carefully check everything and, if necessary, adjust the parameters and position of your window system.

The roof window can hold itself up if its position is correctly and accurately aligned in such a way that there are approximately the same distances between the frame and the rafters.

After the final inspection of the structure and verification of all distances and positions, the self-tapping screws can be screwed into the structure to the base.

It is important to note the fact that attic structures must also have high-quality waterproofing installation from durable material, which will protect your premises from moisture and atmospheric influences as much as possible.

The laying of insulation materials should be carried out from the bottom up in order to fit it as closely as possible to the frame and avoid overlaps and excess material residues. In the end, all places where the insulation is connected are screwed and fixed with self-tapping screws.

When installing roof windows for a profile roof, it is worth using a special rail on which a corrugated addition is attached, which can be smoothly attached to the profile. This rail should be at a distance of 10 cm from the bottom of the frame and extend to the sides by 30 cm.

After the installation of the attic structure is completed, a special sash or double-glazed window is attached to it.

Insulation operations with a window are carried out from the inside, by laying a heater over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe frame and closing it from moisture with a heat-insulating material such as foil. Special fasteners can be placed on the insulating structure, which are made by using self-tapping screws or sealants.

If you are the owner of a cottage or a private house and want to install an attic structure, you should study in detail all types of these structures and make sure that your structure is reliable and durable.

With the help of an attic, you can create an extra room, a bedroom, as well as a kitchen and even bathrooms. Lighting through the windows will allow you to create maximum comfort and decorate your attic room in such a way that it becomes a favorite place for all home residents.

Skylights are very popular and in demand at this stage in the development of building technologies, as they allow you to save on lighting, create a certain style and charm for your home.

It is very important to decide in which part of the house you need to install the attic structure and how many windows will be the best option so that the shape and dimensions of your attic match the parameters of the house and achieve a unique and effective design effect.

Installing an attic window is a very important and responsible business, from right decision which will depend on the external design of your home and aesthetics.

Lucarna - a window in the roof of the attic floor

Lucarna(French lucarne, from Latin lux "light") - window hole in a roof slope, usually attic, or a dome, with a vertical frame closed on the sides and top.

Lukarnaya, for example, is the well-known dormer window on the attic roof of the house.

The presence of a lucarne allows in the attic rooms get more usable space with a high ceiling. Through the window of the lucarne, you can see not only the sky, but also explore the surroundings.

Lucarna on the roof significantly affects the appearance of the house. To maintain harmony in the appearance of the house, the number, shape and location of lucarens must be determined taking into account the type of facade, type and steepness of the roof.

The dimensions, location and shape of the lucarna determine the interior of the room in which it is located.

There are several types and forms of windows - lucarnes.

Lucarna lean-to

A lucarne with a flat roof can be made wide enough, even for the entire length of the room. Then the attic room with a wide lucarne will not have beveled sections of the ceiling.

In a room by the window, furniture for relaxation is usually placed or a table is set for work.

Lucarna with gable roof

Lucarnes with a gable roof look good on the roofs of a house with a slope of more than 30 degrees.

The width of a lucarne with a gable roof is usually entered in 1 - 2 steps of the rafters. Wider lucarnes often spoil appearance Houses.

Inside the room, the ceiling of the lucarne is made flat.

Lucarna with gabled roof

Lucarna with a gable roof looks good on slopes of any steepness and shape. Outside, from the ground, the roof of the lucarne is not striking. It is easier to harmoniously place such a lucarne on the roof of the house.

A lucarne with a gable roof can be made wider - by 2-3 steps of rafters (up to 2 - 2.5 m.)

The ceiling of the lucarne in the room can be flat, or it can repeat the shape of the roof of the lucarne (in the figure).

Lucarne with low side walls

The vertical side walls of the lucarne can end at a height of less than 2 m from the attic floor. In this embodiment, the roof of the lucarne is made gable, and the window is pentagonal.

Inside, the ceiling of the lucarna niche follows the shape of the roof.

The low walls of the lucarne limit the possibility of using the space near the window to accommodate tall furniture.

Lucarne with a semicircular window

Outside, the roofing smoothly flows around the lucarne from above and from the sides. As a roofing, it is better to use bituminous, metal or ceramic tiles here.

Inside, the ceiling in the niche of the lucarne is made in the form of an arch of a cylindrical or conical shape.

"Bull's eye" with a wide oval window

A bull's-eye lucarne with a wide semi-oval window is usually placed on a large roof slope from the side of the main facade. The soft and smooth roof line above the hatch looks spectacular from the outside. The bull's eye lucarna serves as the main decoration of the house.

It is better if inside the attic the window is entirely in one room. A room with such a window is very bright and attractive.

triangular lucarne

A small triangular lucarne is most often made to illuminate the stairs, dressing room or bathroom.

A triangular lucarne can also be used to illuminate larger rooms. But such a lucarne adds very little to the space with a high ceiling in the attic.

Inside the room, the ceiling of the lucarna niche repeats the shape of the window.

Lucarna window size in the attic roof

The dimensions of the lucarne in the attic roof are determined from the following considerations.

To ensure the illumination and insolation required by sanitary rules, the area of ​​​​glazing of window openings in the room must be at least 1/8 of the floor area.

In a person with a height of 176 cm, the line of sight passes at a height of 165 cm if he is standing, and 121 cm if he is sitting. To view the surroundings from the attic window, the bottom of the glazing should be at a height of no more than 120 cm from the floor of the room, and it is recommended to place the top of the window above 165 cm.

If the lucarne window opens, then in order not to fall out of the window, the bottom of the opening frame must be located at a height of at least 85 cm from the floor. The window may be lower than this height, but in this case everything below is protected by a metal fence.

How to avoid mistakes when installing a roof window if the roof is covered with flexible tiles.

It is believed that the arrangement of a residential attic is more complicated and more expensive than the construction of a conventional non-insulated roof with a cold attic. There are reasons for this:

• It is necessary to qualitatively insulate the attic.
• It is necessary to correctly mount the vapor barrier and the superdiffusion moisture and windproof membrane.
• It is required to install skylights, as required by the manufacturer.

The last point is often problematic. Errors in the installation of windows on the attic floor negate all the advantages of this room. As a result of jambs of illiterate builders, skylights leak in the rain, and condensate drips from the ceiling, damaging the finish. It is not surprising that many developers are distrustful of attics, believing that it is better to build a cottage in the old fashioned way. Avoid the most common mistakes when inserting a roof window into a roof pie with shingles, our video and photo instruction will help you, which tells:

• How to calculate the size of a roof window depending on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room.
• How to choose a place in the attic roof for window installation.
• How to prepare a window opening for installing a skylight.
• How to install a roof window box and salary.
• How to install a condensate drain.
• How to make waterproofing at the junction.
• How to install the salary of a roof window and make heat and vapor barrier.

Roof window installation: planning

You can mount a roof window both at the construction stage of the attic, and on a finished insulated roof with already laid top coat and layers of vapor barrier and hydro- and wind protection. In the first variant, work is carried out sequentially, step by step, and usually does not cause difficulties. In the second case, you need to rack your brains on how to cut a window in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, going through the entire attic roof pie with flexible tiles.

The main difficulties of installing a roof window left “for later” will have to be carefully dismantled or cut through, moving from inside to outside:

• inner crate for finishing the attic;
• vapor barrier;
• insulation;
• superdiffusion membrane (moisture and wind protection);
• crate and counter-crate;
• sawing OSB boards under the opening;
• partially remove flexible tiles around the opening under the window.

The width of the roof window is set by the pitch of the rafters. If the developer does not want to install narrow window, fitting it under the rafters, mounted at a distance of, for example, 60 cm from each other, you will have to cut one rafter leg, strengthen the structure, etc. This increases the likelihood of errors by installers, the timing and cost estimates for the work. From here:

For reference, we are guided by the following figures:

• Skylights are recommended to be cut into roofs with a slope angle of 15 degrees or more.
• The window area is selected according to the formula: per 10 sq. m of the attic floor should account for 1 sq. m glazing.
• The upper part of the roof window (from the floor) is located at a height of about 2 m, and the lower part is about 1.2 m.
• The opening under the roof window should be at least 4 cm wider than it, optimally 6 cm.
• The length of the opening is approximately 4.5-5 cm longer than the length of the roof window.

Stages of installation of a roof window

I decided to install a roof window in the house myself. Roof cake: rafters - a board with a section of 15x5 cm, a vapor-permeable moisture-windproof membrane, horizontal and vertical lathing, OSB, lining carpet, flexible tiles. Questions arose:

• How to properly install a skylight?
• How to prepare an opening?
• How to fix a window in the attic?
• How to remove condensate?
• What is a salary and how to set it?

Salary (metal frame) is a system of gutters for hermetic connection of a roof window with a roof covering. The flashing removes rainwater and moisture from the roof window when snow melts.

All work on installing windows in the attic is divided into a number of successive steps:

1. Opening preparation.
2. Assembly and installation of a heat-insulating contour.
3. Installation of a roof window frame in a thermal frame.
4. Installation of a shutter (double-glazed window).
5. Adjustment of the side clearance and window rebate.
6. Installing a condensate drain.
7. Installation of a waterproofing apron.
8. Salary setting.
9. Insulation of slopes around the window and restoration of the vapor barrier circuit from the inside of the room.

Let's talk about the key stages of installing a roof window and how to avoid mistakes.

Preparing a window opening for installing a roof window

In the video instruction, the specialist tells how to prepare a window opening for installing a roof window if a roof has been built and roofing has been laid.

When driving vapor and waterproofing, the films are cut in an envelope (crosswise) and wrapped inside the room (vapor barrier) and out (wind protection).

The upper and lower parts of the opening are reinforced with lintels (between the rafters).

And batten bars, so that the edge of the OSB sheet does not hang in the air.

Important! If OSB has not yet been laid on the roof- base for flexible tiles, then from above the opening is framed, made from striped OSB or plywood.

Assembly of thermal insulation and installation of a roof window box

The heat-insulating contour is mounted on a steel frame, which is easily assembled with latches.

The thermal insulation circuit is installed in the prepared opening.

Then disconnect the turnable part of the sash with double-glazed windows from the frame of the roof window.

Mount the mounting plates and install the box in the opening.

Important! Mounting plates(4 things.) are installed at the corners of the roof window, in the places prepared at the factory in the frame, into holes pre-drilled by the manufacturer for self-tapping screws.

With a large length of the roof window (more than 1.4 m), additional intermediate mounting plates (corners) are placed in the place of the pivot mechanism (hinges).

The roof window frame is installed in the finished opening. How to do it correctly, as well as adjust the side gaps and the rebate, is shown in the video.

Secrets of installing a condensate drain

The most important element of the roof window waterproofing system is a metal trough for condensate drainage.

The gutter is installed at a distance of up to 50 cm (optimally 20-30 cm) above the window in the same plane with a hydro- and windproof membrane.

In order for the condensate to flow down the chute, it is installed at an angle ( slope at least 3 degrees). Then the moisture will be removed to one of the sides (ventilation channel formed by the crate).

Difficulties with installing the gutter arise if it needs to be mounted on a finished roof. In this case, you will have to manually cut the openings in the crate, and do it carefully so as not to damage the wind protection film.

Preparing the site for the installation of the gutter consists of the following steps:

• In the middle of the rafter leg (on both sides of the prepared opening), a vertical cut is made on the film of the superdiffusion membrane.

• A chute is laid on the seat.

Steam and waterproofing at the junction of the roof window

At the end of the work, a waterproofing apron is installed, which protects the junction from moisture.

Important! The upper part of the apron is wound under a gutter that drains condensate, and a valve cut from the windshield is wound onto a waterproofing apron. To prevent moisture from getting into places where they are made vertical cuts in rafters, their waterproofed with butyl sealant.

Installation of roof window flashing and installation of heat and vapor barrier

The salary is attached for clamps and screws strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, on top of the roof covering brought to the window (flexible tiles).

All parts of the salary are numbered.

Work is carried out from the bottom up.

Important! At the end of the work at the bottom of the roof window, flexible tiles are mounted under the salary, A the side and upper part of the salary lie under the roofing.

All the nuances of installing a salary, insulation and vapor barrier when installing a roof window on a roof covered with flexible tiles are shown in the video below.

Skylights: types, nuances of choice and installation

The premises under the roof are increasingly being used as a living room. For reincarnation, it is enough to insulate the attic and install skylights. We will figure out which models are best to use, how to calculate their number, and describe step by step technology installation of window systems.

Skylight requirements

Skylights are part of roof structure, so their task is not limited to lighting. They must provide good thermal insulation, do not let precipitation into the room and resist the negative effects of the environment.

Ordinary double-glazed windows are not suitable for arranging a roof, installation of special dormer-windows is required. The design must have the following characteristics:

• thermal efficiency - models with a thermal insulation coefficient of the order of 2-2.6 W / sq. m;
• noise absorption - high-quality products suppress up to 35 dB;
• strength - window sheets must withstand direct impacts of hail, snow deposits, so they are covered with a special film or made of tempered glass;
• exceptional tightness - sealing pads are provided in the design.

Skylights should be easy to open, have roller shutters for shading, and be easy to clean.

Types and characteristics

When choosing a roof window, pay attention to the type of construction, the method of opening the sashes and the frame material.

Variety by type of construction

Depending on the placement on the roof and the design idea, the following types are distinguished:

• inclined systems;
• "cuckoos";
• balcony;
• light tunnel;
• extensions.

Inclined. Standard systems mounted on roof slopes. Such windows provide excellent illumination, they are easy to install and practical to use. A variation of this type is inclined systems with a lower insert. The top of the structure opens, and the bottom profile is deaf. In this case, one part can be placed at an angle, and the second - vertically.

"Cuckoos" or "birdhouses". Vertical type windows are installed in remote structures, on slopes or in gables. "Cuckoos" look original, but have some disadvantages: poor lighting, laborious installation, difficult snowmelt.

Balcony. Combination of sloped and vertical glazing. The lower part of the attic window acts as a balcony parapet.

light tunnel. original solution for small attics, if an attic is still placed on top. A reflective tunnel conducts light - ceiling lamps are installed at the exits.

Extensions. Compact inserts different shapes: semi-circular, round, triangular window. As a rule, they are used as an addition and decoration of the attic room.

Types by opening method

According to the opening mechanism, the following types of windows are distinguished:

1. central axis. The opening mechanism is located in the middle of the sash, which makes it possible to deploy the window in both directions. The most popular model, practical in operation. A variation of the system is a variant with a raised axle.
2. combined mechanism. The design combines the central and upper opening axes. The first one provides double-sided opening, and due to the second one, it is possible to set the window to the ventilation mode (the maximum opening angle is 45 °).
3. side axis. A simple option - the attic hatch swings open only in one direction.
4. Remote control. Semi-automatic system controlled by remote control. It is irreplaceable at a high arrangement of a window.

Expensive models are equipped with rain and smoke sensors. If drops of water fall on the outer glass, the window closes automatically. The same effect occurs when the room is smoky - the sash swings open for ventilation.

Material classification

Roof window frames are made of PVC, aluminum or wood. For "dry" rooms, any options are suitable, and when arranging a bathroom, it is better to abandon wood. Universal type - metal-plastic profiles.

Features of different types:

1. Wooden: environmental friendliness, attractiveness, creation of an optimal microclimate. Minus - susceptible to moisture, require treatment with antiseptic compounds.
2. Plastic: practicality, affordability, weather resistance. Minus - absolute tightness blocks natural ventilation.
3. Metal: high strength characteristics. Minus - high cost.

Roof window device

Due to the special operating conditions, roof windows have a more complex structure than conventional wall models. The delivery set, in addition to the traditional double-glazed window, frame and fittings, includes additional elements:

• insulating protective flashing - is responsible for sealing the gap between the roofing and window frame; the profile of the lower part is selected taking into account the relief of the roof surface;
• waterproofing seal; salary redirects moisture to the drain;
• drainage gutter for protection against leaks;
• warming insert;
• internal slopes.

Some models have built-in blinds or a lifting curtain.

Determination of the glazing area

The dimensions of the roof windows directly depend on the dimensions of the room. There is a rule: in a living room, the total size of windows should be at least 10% of its area.

Important! For living rooms and children's rooms, it is better to increase this figure to 15-20%.

For example, for an attic area of ​​​​20 square meters. m fit two window systems 115 * 120 cm or three windows with dimensions of 80 * 140 cm.

When calculating, you need to take into account some nuances:

• the higher the window opening, the more light it transmits;
• high placement is appropriate on sloping roofs, the angle of inclination of which is no more than 15-20 °;
• on steep slopes, the bottom line of the profile should be at a height of 1-1.4 m;
• the lower limit for other types of roofs is 0.8 m, the upper limit is 1.9 m.

Where is the best place to mount a window

The installation location of skylights largely determines the aesthetics of the exterior, the durability of the entire roof and interior decoration. It is highly undesirable to equip the opening:

• on the walls of the valley - in inside corners precipitation may accumulate;
• near chimneys, ventilation ducts, which can provoke the formation of condensate;
• near the junctions to the walls - shading and accumulation of precipitation are likely.

Experts advise avoiding the proximity of any nodes of the roofing system to each other.

When choosing a place, the following parameters are taken into account:

1. Roof type. Soft roll material can be cut anywhere. When installing on tiles, it is necessary that the lower window line borders on the “solid” row of roofing.
2. Rafter step. Optimal location window construction between two adjacent rafters, the margin for laying insulation is 7-10 cm. If there is not enough space, then it is better to install two or three small models instead of one window.
3. Handle location. Window systems with a top handle are mounted at a height within 1.10 cm. If the handle is built in from below, then the frame can be raised up to 1.7 m.
4. When arranging a mechanism with a remote control, you should take care of the cable connection.

Under the glazed structure it is necessary to place a heating radiator- this will protect the windows from the formation of condensate in winter period.

Attic window installation technology

It is better to mount the window system at the stage of roof construction. Make a skylight do it yourself it is possible during the operation of housing, but you will have to cut an opening.

Preparatory activities

You need to stock up on tools in advance. For work you will need:

Cutting the wooden elements of the roof is carried out with an ordinary saw, to dismantle the profiled sheet or slate, use a grinder with different nozzles.

First you need to study the roof scheme, understand the location of the rafters and markup - mark the borders of future windows taking into account clearances for structural elements.

Cutting a window opening

The first step in the installation of roof windows is the creation of an opening in the roof. The work is painstaking and responsible, without the appropriate skills there is a risk of damaging the roof structure.

1. Check that the size of the windows matches the markup. On each side there should be allowances of 3 cm for laying insulation.
2. The technical gap from the bottom of the window system to the roof covering is about 8 cm. 4-10 cm are left from the upper mounting beam to the roofing material - to prevent the window from skewing when the truss structure shrinks.
3. Remove the lining according to the markup. Cut the crate and the heat-insulating layer - the cut is performed parallel to the floor at the top, and vertically at the bottom. This approach will open unhindered access to light.
4. Remove the tile, cut the profiled sheet.

Window box arrangement

Before you install a salary and a double-glazed window, you need to take care of a reliable support - its role is played by the box.

1. From below, mount a temporary support - any wooden block. Check the lower horizontal of the window, distortions are unacceptable.
2. Fix the bottom of the box with screws, then fix the upper part of the frame. In the future, adjustment may be necessary, so the fasteners do not need to be tightened tightly.
3. Check the evenness of the frame placement - evaluate the horizontal / vertical. You can adjust the position using plastic wedges.
4. Mount thermal insulation - lay the insulation in the gaps between the frame and the roof pie. Cut material with a small margin.

Installation of a salary and a double-glazed window

To prevent leaks, a window frame is mounted - a protective apron is supplied. Sealing element installation sequence:

1. Fix the lower part of the salary with a protruding rubber visor.
2. Fix the top cover by attaching it to the screws.
3. Mount the side sections all the way down. Using clamps, attach the salary to the crate.
4. Bring the roofing material to the seam on the protective apron.
5. Lastly, plastic lining is installed on top of the salary.

The final stage of installation is the insertion of a finished double-glazed window. It is better to do the work with a partner, so that one holds the sash, and the second carefully mounts the window into the prepared opening. The set must match the salary.

First, fix the bottom of the window by screwing the brackets all the way. The top fasteners are left in a slightly free position - this is necessary for adjustment. After checking the evenness, all brackets are finally fixed.

Installation of windows on the pediment of the attic is carried out according to the traditional scheme. It is permissible to use conventional window systems here - the vertical position protects the glass from direct precipitation.

The best roof window manufacturers

Window systems from the following manufacturers have won a good reputation among users:

1. Velux. The Danish company specializes in the production wooden windows. High quality wood, antiseptic impregnation and multi-layer varnish ensure the durability of the systems. All products are equipped with ventilation valves, two- and three-level seals. The windows performed well in various operating conditions.
2. Roto. German quality of plastic window systems. Roto products are unrivaled for the design of wet attic spaces. The profiles are resistant to moisture, the frames do not lose their original appearance, they do not need to be tinted and periodically treated with antiseptics.
3. fakro. The Polish company produces windows from different materials, respectively, and the pricing policy is very diverse. The profiles are supplied in standard sizes, so the architecture of the existing house must be taken into account.

The issue of making do-it-yourself roof window systems must be approached carefully. To perform high-quality installation and maintain the reliability of the roof, all technological requirements must be observed. An important point is the competent calculation and choice of the location of the windows.

Mansard roof design options - do-it-yourself device

The planned construction of your own dacha or house is a rather serious step that requires careful consideration. After all, the new building should combine beauty, convenience and functionality. In addition, the design should not be very expensive and at the same time be different from neighboring houses. All these problems can be completely solved by building a mansard-type roof. This option makes it possible to use any roofing material, designing the structure in different styles, equip windows and balconies, give the roof any look and shape. In this regard, there are a huge number of combinations.

Approximate cost of a mansard roof by design

Many consider the construction of the attic floor to be less expensive due to the lack of the need to build walls, but this fact is only partially true for the following reasons:

• The rafter system requires a large investment, this is affected by the type of roof with an attic and the cost of lumber, determined for each region.
• Insulation, vapor barrier and waterproofing of the attic floor are also quite expensive. After all, to create a comfortable microclimate in the living room of the attic, not only roofing material is required, it is very important to correctly draw an attic drawing with dimensions, choose the type and thickness of insulation, waterproofing and vapor barrier material. For example, in central Russia, for a comfortable stay, high-density thermal insulation and a thickness of more than 20 cm is required.
• Dormer windows can be vertical and located in the plane of the roof. Moreover, these options can be used simultaneously, which makes the design more memorable. Making the window openings of the attic floor is not only expensive, but also difficult to install. Dormer windows on a conventional gable roof are a special design of elements of the truss system, and also require the arrangement of valleys and snow guards above the windows. All this significantly increases the costs associated with the purchase of materials and installation work. When placing windows in the plane of the roof, it is necessary to consider the sealing of the openings in order to avoid the ingress of precipitation into the room. Accordingly, the price of installation work increases. The frames and glass are made using a special technology with reinforcement and reinforcement to hold snow loads in the winter season, which further increases their cost.
• As for roofing materials, there are also subtleties here. Popular and inexpensive metal-based coatings, including profiled steel sheets, metal tiles and roofing iron, for mansard roof better not to use for several reasons. Firstly, such materials are characterized by high thermal conductivity, which requires the installation of rather thick thermal insulation materials. Otherwise, there will be no comfortable microclimate in the attic either in winter or in summer. Secondly, metal roofs have the ability to generate high levels of noise, especially when it rains. This also applies to ordinary roofs of a small area, and mansard roofs with decent dimensions and a corresponding noise level. In addition to indoor noise, which can be reduced by additional insulation, there is another problem - noise from the outside. This is especially important in densely populated areas where a conflict situation may arise with neighbors on this issue. Comparing expensive roofing material and cheap coating in combination with additional insulation, we can say that the first option is more profitable in material terms.

The facts described make it clear that a mansard roof is not a cheap option. Although this case also has its positive points:

• The design is lightweight, so that the presence of an attic floor does not require the construction of a powerful foundation for a private house, a slight strengthening of the foundation is enough. Considering that building the base is the most expensive part, there is little benefit to be gained at this stage.
• In any case, the attic is an additional area, so with a limited budget, you can postpone its arrangement indefinitely, and this has its pluses. In addition, the absence of insulation in an unheated room allows the wooden elements of the mansard roof to dry out naturally, this helps to avoid many problems in the future, which are explained as follows. Lumber used for roof construction often has very high moisture content. A properly assembled roofing cake helps to remove moisture that forms when the material dries. However, the slightest violations in the laying of layers can lead to serious problems. Therefore, a roof left for some time without insulation will create fewer problems during operation.
• The mansard roof gives the house some personality, making it more expressive and original. This is possible due to the large number of design options.

Having studied all the pros and cons of a mansard-type roof, each homeowner makes his own decision whether to build such a structure or not. Those who have opted for a mansard roof need to become more familiar with the types of existing structures.

Types of mansard roofs

The attic floor can be equipped on any type of roof, including combined structures and do-it-yourself gable attics. The only exception is a flat roof.

Shed roofs

The shed mansard roof of the house looks rather non-standard. The absence of a skate and the corresponding subtleties of its execution greatly simplifies installation work. On opposite walls of different heights, a Mauerlat is laid, on which beams are laid. Due to this difference, the angle of inclination of the slope is formed. To prevent snow from accumulating on the roof, it is recommended to form a slope of 35-45 degrees. Otherwise bearing beams it is necessary to strengthen and install additional supports, which will lead to a decrease in the living area of ​​the attic floor.

Buildings with a shed mansard roof have a non-standard appearance due to the large window, which is most often located in a high wall.

But there is one caveat, such a roof will be less expensive with a small distance between opposite walls, no more than 4.5 meters. In this case, it is enough to lay the standard bars on the walls and not set up supports.

Double pitched mansard roofs

The most common option is gable roof with a do-it-yourself attic. In this case, the design allows you to create comfortable living conditions at low material costs.

The easiest way is to make an attic under a conventional roof with two slopes, provided that it has a height sufficient for arranging a residential floor. In this case, the roof can be symmetrical and asymmetrical. In the first case, the skate passes directly in the middle of the house, in the second, it shifts relative to the middle.

The device of a gable mansard roof always implies straight gables, therefore, in most cases, the room takes the form of a trapezoid or square. The only drawback of this design can be called cutting off a large space on the sides. But the arrangement of additional cabinets or pantries helps to solve this problem.

The shape of the windows and their location depends on the slope of the slopes, so there are dormer windows or openings directly in the roof.

Very often you can find a gable mansard roof, in which a one and a half floor is equipped. Design feature such a structure are walls erected to a certain level. Such houses are called "one and a half floors."

The device of the attic in the roof of a broken type

In addition to single-pitched and double-pitched do-it-yourself mansard roofs, there is a third option - broken structures. They stand out in a separate category due to significant differences in the device.

Building a broken mansard roof is both simple and difficult. On the one hand, you do not need to spend money on building walls, because broken roof also has two slopes, but with a different angle of inclination. The result is a room similar to the ground floor, but a little smaller area, about 15%. On the other hand, the rafter system of a sloping roof is more complex, therefore, the installation work on arranging the attic may experience some difficulties.

However, it is a sloping roof that is being built to equip the attic floor with your own hands. This design makes it possible to maximize the usable area, regardless of the purpose of the building. It can be a garage add-on or summer kitchen and additional living space. Most often, the attic floor is built from lightweight materials, so additional strengthening of the foundation of the house is not required. But to be completely sure of this, you should contact a specialized organization to carry out the appropriate calculations.

Four-pitched roofs with an attic

Such complex structures require mandatory calculations. Due to the large surface area, the cost of thermal insulation increases, but in parallel, the useful area of ​​​​the attic decreases due to cutting off parts of the attic space from four sides.

Due to the inclination of all surfaces, the four-pitched mansard roof does not experience a large load from gusts of wind, therefore, the pressure on the slopes is also minimal. This design of the mansard roof allows you to make low slopes, thereby reducing the impact of wind and precipitation on the walls. In addition, the most popular option - a hip roof - makes the building more attractive.

If we talk about combinations, then there are many options, for example, a broken hip structure or a lean-to hip roof. In any case, it is important to correctly develop the truss system and implement it in life.

Mansard roof balcony

Balconies are equipped according to the principle of skylights, although in this case the implementation of the project will be very expensive.

With a high bearing capacity of the walls, a hanging balcony is made, while simply increasing the dormer window.

In addition, the balcony can be supported by special columns, but at the same time, the structure is placed above the main entrance in order to benefit and decorate the house.

If you plan to make a balcony on the gable, then it is necessary to make extended overhangs so that they protect the balcony.

In some cases, the balcony area is formed by shifting the attic gable.

In addition to the above options, there are many non-standard solutions, which are distinguished by originality and at the same time low cost.

Windows in the roof of the attic: features and types

Modern roofing eurowindows have turned non-residential attics into cozy, bright attics. Skylights have transformed everyday buildings into contemporary pieces of architecture, bringing light into the space and filling the home with fresh air. Attic eurowindows brought a new trend to the architecture, allowing you to harmoniously fit into the facade of the building the necessary Maintenance hatches. The roof window allows designers to create a unique attic interior, a romantic bedroom, a nursery, a personal office, a bathroom, or an exquisite winter garden.

Types of skylights

Roof windows meet a number of requirements and provide several advantages:

• During the day, natural light penetrates the house, which has a beneficial effect on the general condition of a person.
• Skylights are easy to install and save space in the room below.
• Mansard roof eurowindows are reliable, ergonomic and easy to use.

Before installing a skylight, you must select the type of construction. The following types of roofing eurowindows are divided:

Auditory are structures that are vertically located in the roof and are necessary for ventilation and lighting of the attic. Their installation requires a separate erection of rafters mounted in the roof. Dormer windows are:

• protruding beyond the roof (dormer);
• recessed inside (antidormer).

Inclined eurowindows differ from auditory ones in that they are mounted directly into the roof at an angle. Wind windows were invented in the 19th century, and dormer windows in the post-war fifties of the 20th century. Inclined eurowindow is characterized by tightness, practicality, high light transmission and sound insulation. With an excess of sunlight entering the room, the roof window is closed with a canvas or blinds. The light output of an inclined eurowindow is 35% higher than that of a gable or dormer window.

The gable window is mounted vertically into the gable wall using a gable collar. Gable frames can be opening and non-opening. Such models serve to increase the overview of the surroundings.

Roof hatch window

The roof hatch should organically fit into the appearance of a private cottage. A wonderful solution is the hatch window, which is built into the roof without any problems and looks like an ordinary sloping Euro-window. The hatches are wonderfully in harmony with the external appearance of the entire building and the windows installed in it. Types of roof hatches:

1. The emergency roof exit looks like an inclined eurowindow. It is endowed with all the functions of simple windows. It is used for technical inspection and access to the roof. To open the sashes, you just need to press the handle and the hatch will open automatically with the help of gas shock absorbers. Such structures are installed on the roof with a slope of 15 to 55 degrees.

• opening angle up to 70 degrees;
• combined system of opening and ventilation;
• laminated internal glass;
• the outer layer is a hardened surface treated with a self-cleaning agent;
• size from 700 x 1200 mm to 1006 x 1200 mm.

1. The operating exit looks like an ordinary mansard hatch-window and serves to exit to the roof. It is installed on roofs with a slope of 15 to 55 degrees, equipped with a supply valve for ventilation of the attic. Opens outward along the side axis.

• the eurowindow is opened with a handle;
• the hatch is equipped with a multifunctional double-glazed window;
• the sash can open both to the right and to the left;
• hatch size - 500 by 930 mm.

1. A hatch window is installed in the attic rooms of buildings for technological inspection and access to the roof. You can choose the type of opening and side. Equipped with a provision for ventilation of the room. Mounted on roofs with a slope of 20 to 65 degrees.

• the lower overlap of the frame serves as a step;
• sash fixed in 3 places;
• opening angle up to 89 degrees;
• size - 490 x 760 mm.

How to choose the right skylights?

When choosing an attic eurowindow, a number of features should be taken into account:

• the presence of protection against moisture;
• the presence of seals;
• profile or frame material;
• opening method;
• glass strength.

Design features of skylights https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlwbG2I_Hss In the design of tilted windows, a single-chamber double-glazed window is used, which greatly facilitates the load on fittings and supporting elements. For dormer-windows, a frost-resistant heat-saving double-glazed window is used, which is filled with argon.

Double-glazed windows made using the "triplex" technology will save the inhabitants of the attic from fragments of accidentally broken glass. Since two glasses are glued together with a special film that allows you to hold the fragments. The Easy Clean coating breaks down the dirt accumulated on the eurowindow under the action of sun rays which makes it easier to clean the glass.

Important! It is important to pay attention to the location window handle. It should be at a convenient height for use.

Additional options, such as: roller shutters and retaining supports will protect the house from noise, hail, sun and serve as protection against penetration into the home.

Roof window design features

The simplest design of a recessed eurowindow. You can use an already erected ceiling and mount a window under an already finished roof. Such windows are mounted at any time.

The protruding roof window must be designed at the construction stage. The design can be mounted for flat and gable roofs. It is much easier to mount protruding ceilings on a flat roof. The mounted side walls of the structure are sewn up with boards and covered with roofing covering material, which covers the entire roof.

An internal window in the roof can be installed between the beams that hold the roof rafters. The support board is installed between the supports, then the window frame is placed on it. From above, the frame secures the fixing beam. The side walls and drains are covered with a covering material that covers the entire roof.

Roof window installation

After the final choice of the model and location of the attic eurowindow, they proceed to its installation. Tilt window installation sequence:

• in the roof it is necessary to cut an opening for installing the frame;
• the roof is reinforced with additional lags and a frame for the window frame is mounted;
• insulation and waterproofing are laid;
• roofing material is laid;
• window block is installed.

Do-it-yourself attic construction: how to make the building warm and bright

A room equipped in the attic is called an attic. It was invented in Paris back in 1630, and the relevance of this architectural solution has not been lost to this day, moreover, given the growth in suburban construction, it is constantly used.

The design of the attic should work like a roof

The design of the attic is determined by the type of roof itself. Historically, it has been best option roof profile for arranging an attic room - this is the so-called broken roof. The figure shows the ratio of the volume of this room in the case of a gable and a broken line.

Even with the naked eye, it is clear that the size of the room under the sloping roof is larger than under the gable one. It can also be seen that it is larger in area than the one located on the ground floor, this is due to the design feature of the house itself. Yes, and it is somewhat easier to make.

Attic frame without insulation

The construction of the attic room implies that it automatically becomes an integral part of the roof structure. That is, the bars that go to the manufacture of walls and ceiling attic, take on the load from the roof structure, making it more durable and stable.

For the manufacture of an attic in frame house it is necessary to use the same materials that were used in the construction of the main walls and the ceiling of the first floor.

That is, if a beam of 150x50 mm was used for the walls, then the same one should be used in the arrangement of the attic room.

As supports, under the wall beam, logs of the ceiling of the first floor are used. Fastening is carried out using nails or a corner and wood screws. How exactly to fix the beams is chosen by the developer himself based on his experience and knowledge.

The subtleties of construction

Complicate the life of builders, the need to install windows, because of this, it is necessary to complicate the construction of the roof or use windows that are designed for use in the attic. Another point that can complicate the life of the developer is insufficient natural ventilation, that is, it will be necessary to take measures to create forced ventilation in the attic. Besides, complex roof entails an increase in labor intensity in the arrangement of heat and waterproofing. But all these difficulties are outweighed by the attractive appearance of a house with a mansard roof, and an extra room never hurts.

Non-bearing elements of the attic frame

The non-bearing elements of the attic room include those that are used for wall and ceiling cladding, as well as for heat and vapor barrier of the room itself. In this case, it may be necessary to create an additional frame on the vertically installed beams of the room wall frame. To finish the room, lining is usually used, the main thing is that when it is nailed, it is unacceptable for pieces of thermal insulation to get into the cracks.

Attic insulation

The work related to the insulation of the attic is associated with certain difficulties, namely, it is quite time-consuming and complex, and some developers violate the order of work in order to speed up the work.

The thickness of the insulation depends on in which part of our country the house is being built, if we talk about central Russia, then it would be optimal to use a heat-insulating mat 150 mm thick.

In this case, a material such as basalt wool or its equivalent is suitable for roof insulation.

Some craftsmen use polystyrene foam. Any roofing material is suitable for covering the roof, but it must be remembered that there are materials that will require constant ventilation, such as metal tiles and their analogues. In other words, the developer will have to provide a gap of 20–30 mm between the metal tile and the film covering the thermal insulation.

roofing pie

Theoretically, subject to all the subtleties and high-quality work, the roof should not let moisture through and condensation does not form. If, however, flaws were made during the arrangement of the roof, then the condensate formed under the tiles will settle on the surface of the film, which prevents it from getting inside the insulation. And after a while it just dries up.

The insulation is placed between the rafters, and if the width of the board is less than the thickness of the heat-insulating mat, then you can either nail an additional bar to the rafters, or fix a drywall sheet, but in this case, the surface of the sheet and mat must be separated by special vapor barrier paper. Such a design will guarantee normal vapor permeability, in other words, the steam generated as a result of the temperature difference between the room and the inner layer of insulation will settle on the surface of the paper and gradually evaporate. To ensure its evaporation between the insulation and the waterproofing layer, it is necessary to leave a gap of about 10-15 mm, through which the steam will be removed.

Another small detail, for guaranteed removal of steam, it is desirable that the roof ridge be cold, for this, small observation windows can be arranged in the gable, this approach avoids the formation of condensate even in severe cold weather.

In order for the attic room to have natural light, it is advisable to arrange windows. Before deciding which windows and how many to install, remember that a rooftop window always lets in more light.

In the case of an attic, one large window will give slightly less light than two small ones installed at a small distance from each other. For greater efficiency it is advisable to place windows as high as possible from the floor of the attic room, but it is necessary to take into account the height of the person who will live in this room.

When calculating the window area, you can use an empirical formula, that is, derived from practical experience. The ideal ratio is 1 to 8, that is, with a room area of ​​​​16 square meters, the window area should be 2 or more square meters.

Windows in the attic

Windows in the attic are placed in the space between the rafters and are installed simultaneously with the roof. The window frame can be attached directly to the rafters.

If the dimensions of the window are smaller than the width of the rafter pitch, then it is necessary to make a crate under it, that is, fill additional burs on the rafters and, if necessary, install a support beam. If the size of the window exceeds the width of the rafter pitch, then it is possible to either make cutouts in the rafters or install a sheathing under the window, as shown in the figure below.

Roof structure

Balcony

Balcony area for the attic can be arranged in several ways, from the side of the pediment or from the side of the slope.

To arrange a balcony from the side of the roof, the craftsmen use a window-balcony combination. This design is shown in the figure below. It is installed according to the same rules as a simple window.

Window-balcony in the attic

The balcony on the side of the pediment can have several versions, for example, the wall of the pediment is arranged at a distance of two or three steps of the rafters, and the floor is covered in the vacated space and a railing is installed flush with the roof cut.

Balcony under the roof

If there is a desire to make a remote balcony, then even during the construction of the interfloor ceiling, you can take out the beams to the required length. By the way, to increase the reliability of such a design, it does not hurt to install support pillars under it, just as shown in the figure below.

Balcony remote from the total volume of the house

Projects of houses with an attic

House with an attic and a veranda 6x9 Floor plan of a house with an attic 6x9

More projects frame houses for different areas, see the "House projects" section.

Video

We invite you to watch a video about building a house with a mansard roof on your own with a step-by-step photo.

A do-it-yourself attic will not require significant costs, and even more so, it will cost much less than building a house or an extension to a house that has a similar usable area.

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Hello our regular and new readers!

Going to the site, the measurer often not only fulfills his direct duty, but also advises the client on construction issues, helps to navigate the choice of interior design. Of course, we have to talk a lot about the features of installing skylights. Sometimes the measurer is forced to dispel the customer's vain hope for a certain result that the person saw in a magazine or TV show - since the initial data of the house and the financial capabilities of the client are very different from those of the owner, whose house or apartment turned out to be an inspiring picture.

Today we will get acquainted with the reviews of people who have already installed skylights and admire the results of transforming the space under the roof.

Since many nuances are taken into account when arranging an attic: the number of windows and the size of window openings, and the direction of opening, the material of construction, etc., with the help of someone else's experience, you can avoid common mistakes and achieve what you want with less effort and money.

We are all familiar with attics since childhood. Who didn't "hide" there with Carlson and Malysh, reading about their joint adventures in the house under the roof? Or didn’t he “observe” the communication between Kai and Gerda, who also lived in separate attics and grew beautiful roses there? For the first time, the space under the roof began to be used as a residential space from the second half of the 17th century, when the Frenchman Francois Mansart, a famous enterprising architect, drew attention to the empty "territories".

Most European attics are made according to Finnish technology. In Russia, attics began to get involved relatively recently - with the emergence of interest in individual, affordable, durable and airtight housing.

For attics, it is typical when the windows are located in the roof. Because of this, the installation of structures, and the frame, must comply with certain technical requirements. The most popular manufacturers of roof windows for the European market are Danish Velux, Polish Fakro, German Roto. It is these names of firms that are most often found in discussions on thematic forums.

We study the disadvantages of skylights according to reviews

The most active discussions on the forums relate to various difficulties with the installation and operation of skylights. Sometimes in the dialogues there are also very negative statements from people who have suffered with the renovation of the attic.

About the advantages and disadvantages of skylights in the video:

Possible problems and solutions

Flow

“... In winter, snow marks on the window thaw and freeze all season, then it starts to flow. Ice builds up at the junction of the window and frame. And I also tortured the condensate - I clean the snow systematically, but the window is still crying ... ". In response to such statements, they often write about the suspicion that the window became problematic due to the installation by the owners themselves, and not by specialists. And this advice is difficult to refute - hire specialists to solve complex construction problems.

High temperature in summer

“... I would like to make it cooler in the attic of the parental dacha in the summer ...”.

You can fix the problem in one of the following ways:

• by building up a heat-insulating layer under the roof;
• using blinds, reflective film or curtains;
• change the shape of the roof so that in the summer the overhang shaded the window.

Price

“Everything suits in the attic window: it doesn’t blow anywhere, it fits well into the interior, it’s convenient to use. But the price! Twice the cost of conventional double-glazed windows.

Which manufacturer's products you prefer is completely your choice. If you want better quality, you will have to pay more.

What is the advantage of skylights: we study the experience of owners based on reviews

Attractive look

“Attic rooms have become much prettier. At night, all the stars of the world are yours!

Energy saving

“Attic windows were installed in the office and bedroom. Comfort and light just increased.

The statements of this user are also confirmed by scientists: due to the angle of location, inclined windows let in more light than ordinary ones, that is, standing vertically (about 40%).

Placement of the handle, taking into account the wishes of the user

It is better to choose the location for installing the handle, taking into account the age and physical characteristics of the inhabitants of the attic. For families with children, it is better to give preference to doors with handles installed in such a way that it is extremely difficult for children to use the levers without substituting a ladder or high chair. It is even safer to use handles with key locks.

accessories

For equipment, a separate type of fittings is needed and you cannot buy it at retail. It is produced by the same companies that produce windows for attics.

If you need to replace or update some element, the application must be sent to the window seller.

Despite the similarity with the fittings for ordinary PVC double-glazed windows, the attic has some technical differences.

Roof windows are a good option for arranging office and residential premises. What designs do users like and what to look for in order to be satisfied with their choice?

What problem might you face

The installation of skylights by non-specialists is an absolutely typical and growing phenomenon, given that the flow of complaints about leaks has been steadily increasing in recent years. And with the advent of heat, the number of dissatisfied will increase, since this is a natural phenomenon when the technology for installing windows at an angle is violated. However, leakage can be observed even after a flawless installation. What can cause moisture to seep under the frame?

“Yesterday we received a call from customer P complaining about a leak in the skylights. Moisture seepage is observed under the lower porch of the window sash. The caller claims that the installation of double-glazed windows was carried out by experienced specialists.

After arriving at the indicated address and inspecting, it turned out that the installation was really done professionally. The cause of the leak was an excess of snow mass on the outer surface of the window glass. Under the sun's rays, the snow thawed, and the resulting water ran down an inclined plane to the lower frame. With a decrease in temperature, the water solidified and increased the load on the seal. Over time, it deformed somewhat, and water was able to seep out a little.

The key to solving the problem is to clear the window of snow and eliminate all moisture on the glass surface with a simple wipe with a clean rag.

To restore the functionality of the seal, a lubricant in the composition with liquid silicone is required.

After a while, it turned out that the recommendation fully justified itself: the leak no longer appeared. The problem was eliminated with little bloodshed due to the fact that the attic window was installed according to the rules. If the technology were broken, then the owner of the house would have to incur much greater costs than was spent on calling and consulting a specialist.

About the technology of installing mounting windows in the video:

Real owner reviews of roof windows

Reading the dialogues on forums discussing skylights, it becomes clear that the leading topic of conversation is related to the problem of leakage. Someone claims that no one will be able to avoid moisture seepage, someone insists that double-glazed windows from a normal manufacturer can fail only if installed by a non-professional. Others argue that neither the brand name nor the qualifications of the installers will save from a leak - over time, even expensive double-glazed windows begin to let water through.

Problems

When you hear statements, the essence of which is “Velux windows or, say, ROTO windows serve for 10-15 years and have never leaked,” you start to think that today’s double-glazed windows of the same companies are not made in Denmark or Germany, respectively, but somewhere in Egypt or even near the town of Starye Pyrki.

Where do legs grow for such a suspicion? It's simple: most of the skylights complaining about leaking roof windows assure that the structures were installed by specialists, and do not understand which workers. It turns out that the root of the problem is a factory defect. And the fact that double-glazed windows let water through not in the rain, but after the formation of ice, is a confirmation of this.

How does the leak occur in the latter case:

• due to heavy snowfalls, a snowdrift forms on the outer glass;
• after a thaw, under the melted snow, ice forms in the evening, reliably “biting” into the window frame;
• because of the heat from the window, the ice is gradually melting, but the water formed because of this has nowhere to escape - there is an ice crust on top;
• if there is a gap between the frame and the sash - if the assembly of the double-glazed window at the factory was carried out in violation of the technology - water seeps under the seal.

The sealant may also begin to let water through due to the long operation of the double-glazed window without preventive maintenance. If the water seepage is caused by the age of the seal, then the streams will leave dark smudges, and if the seepage moisture is transparent, then the cause of the problem is poor assembly.

So that over time a good seal does not lose its properties, it must be lubricated. But even careful care is powerless in the face of time - then replacing with a new one is the only way to avoid leaks. Interestingly, in double-glazed windows with sashes that open according to the hatch principle, sealing gum lasts longer.

Advantages

Of course, roof windows have a lot of advantages! No one has yet complained about their poor thermal insulation or drafts. Window owners latest models Aereco manufactures are not happy with the presence of pre-installed systems in the form of a self-regulating inlet valve that provides ventilation.

There were rave reviews from the owners of double-glazed windows with wooden frames.

Unlike ordinary ones made of the same material, the first ones are absolutely not afraid of rotting, they do not peel off and do not require systematic painting, since they are treated with special impregnation and have a protective coating.

Users are also pleased with the durability of skylight windows, tested in practice: among the dialogues of the farmhouse.ru forum there is a description of a mini-incident that led the narrator to financial expenses, but convinced him of the strength of the glass in such windows. Because of the lost key, the man was forced to enter the house through a locked skylight, the glass in which resisted attempts to break it for a long time.

Window owners also like the loyalty program of manufacturers FAKRO, Velux, ROTO to their customers, expressed in the ability to replace defective elements for roof windows for free.

Skylights: choice based on basic characteristics

Like any person who purchases a product, the buyer of a roof window expects the quality of an insulating glass unit to match the amount paid. Most of the special double-glazed windows for installation in the attic are affordable for a wide range of consumers, and at the same time please with democratic prices.

By purchasing this roof window, you get:

• goods with a high safety factor;
• a reliable product functional characteristics provide protection of the premises from drafts, low temperatures, excessive humidity;
• Durable construction with 10 year warranty.

Glasses of high-quality dormer-windows are made of triplex. In addition to strength, this material has a valuable property: upon a crushing blow, the glass does not scatter with splashes of fragments, but cracks, becoming covered with a web of cracks of various lengths, but remains in the window opening.

Skylight glass scatters the sun's rays, so inside the room the light will be pleasing to the eye and harmless to things that are prone to fading.

Details

If we were engaged in the construction of housing for ourselves with a frequency of 5-10 years, then when preparing the third project, we would have considerable experience in arranging houses to our needs. But since we perform such a feat much less often, we have to apply for practical advice on many building issues. Next, we will present a lot of applied information about skylights, collecting valuable information with the help of Prozarovskaya Marina, who works as a chief engineer. If we missed something, then later we are ready to answer all the questions you sent.

In general terms

What is the difference between a roof window and a regular vertical double-glazed window? What are the advantages of the first? Is it possible to install an ordinary double-glazed window at an angle in a mansard roof?

The main difference between windows is their purpose. Vertical double-glazed windows are mounted purely in the window openings of the vertical walls of buildings for various purposes.

Skylights are designed for roof mounting, so they can carry loads similar to those experienced by a roof.

The procedure for installing windows in the roof also has a number of nuances that are not needed for installing conventional double-glazed windows.

The cost per square meter of a roof window and the difference in price between it and the usual one

The cost of roof windows is determined not by the number of square meters in it, but by the combined amount for all the elements that make up the structure. The larger the area, the more complete the equipment and the newer the model of the attic double-glazed window, the higher the price for it.

For example, let's say that basic design without a salary with a size of 78 x 118 will cost the client 9,800 rubles. What is the purpose of salary? This is an element for connecting double-glazed windows with the roof of your house. If it is profiled, then you need to choose a special salary worth 4,150 rubles. But the indicated amounts are the price for each of the products. Work, additions in the form of kits that provide heat, hydro, vapor barrier, are paid separately.

In most cases, pine wood from our northern regions is used for the manufacture of skylights. This material is preferred due to its special density and heat-conducting qualities.

If you prefer PVC double-glazed windows, we recommend choosing Roto or Faktro products. Or take advantage of an absolutely innovative offer - choose structures made of wood coated with polyurethane on the outer layer. It protects wood from impregnation with moisture, is not afraid of heat, does not turn yellow and is resistant to mechanical stress.

Algorithm for mounting skylights in the video:

Why vertical windows are made using a different technology

They have different purposes and different volumes of loads. The roof must have the same heat loss coefficient over the entire area, therefore, the windows in the roof must be a reliable barrier to the escape of heat from the room.

Is sweating possible?

All modern double-glazed windows belong to building envelopes and have similar problems with condensate. Therefore, this manifestation of excess moisture can be observed even in the highest quality structures.

How to deal with the resulting condensate:

• thoughtful organization of air convection;
• creating a ventilation gap if the technology is violated when creating slopes.

The fact is that the upper slope of the roof window should be horizontal, and the lower one - vertical.

Then the warm air flow rising from the heating element under the window opening will spread parallel to the roof window area. If the lower slope is horizontal, then there is a need for a ventilation gap from special gratings.

Special Requirements

Often these windows are hanging over the people who are in the room.

Therefore, the structures put forward special requirements in matters of safety:

• internal glass must be made of triplex, which will save people near the window in case of damage to its transparent elements;
• the outer panes must be of the tempered type which are much stronger than normal ones.

What is triplex technology - this is a complex of two bonded glasses with a layer between them in the form of a film. It is she who does not allow the glass to "explode" into fragments when it hits the window.

To get acquainted with some of the characteristics of a double-glazed window purchased or already installed in a permanent place, study the data on the plate located at the end of the window.

To get to it, open the sash so that its upper part looks into the room. Usually a plate with information of interest (class, type of double-glazed window, size) is located on the right. Find out more about what you can find out by reading the information on the nameplate (tablet), find out in a special section.

How to use in hot season

In summer, the space under the roof is the hottest area of ​​the house. All the heat that comes to us with the sun's rays is directed to the roof. Understanding the source of the problem, roof window manufacturers offer to deal with it through the use of sun-reflecting glass, interior curtains, roller shutters, blinds, and awnings. Choosing suitable option, remember that using roller shutters, you will be forced to illuminate the room artificial lighting, since such protection will completely obscure the room.

If the roof has sufficient thermal insulation, then the atmosphere under the roof on a hot day warms up to 26 degrees. With poor insulation, this figure increases greatly and the presence of a window on the south side of the roof will only exacerbate the problem. All protective methods of reducing the amount of heat entering through the windows are able to reduce it by no more than a degree. Therefore, it is advisable to put windows in the roof, provided that its slope faces the north side of the world. Otherwise, in the summer without air conditioning in the attic will be quite tight.

Operation in winter

If the house is heated, then the roof windows will not freeze. But due to their sloping location on top of the glass, snow deposits can accumulate. If the precipitation is weak, then there will quickly be no trace of snow. And with significant snowfall, snowdrifts must be periodically shaken off so that the amount of light penetrating into the room does not decrease and the visibility of the windows does not decrease.

Due to the temperature difference outside the window and inside the room, condensation drops form on the glass. Flowing down, they can cause the formation of a mini lake on the floor under the window. If you do not know about this and do not visit the attic for some time, then you may be faced with the fact that a section of carpet, parquet or furniture located directly under the window becomes very wet. As a prevention of unpleasant consequences, you can use a thick towel or rug.

As for the difficulties with caring for skylights. Yes, they get dirty faster, because dust and dirt are better retained on sloping surfaces. However, it is easier to wash the sashes of such double-glazed windows because of their location. Provided that the window is located in the living room, and not high above the flight of stairs. In the latter case, cleaning without a telescopic mop will not be easy.

If you are afraid that children will try to use the roof window as a climb to the roof, use fittings with a locking system with a key.

Reliability and duration of the operational period

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that when choosing a high-quality roof window, you will get a reliable and easy-to-use design that will please your eye and soul for more than one year. Manufacturers confident in their product indirectly confirm the quality of products with a twenty-year warranty on glass. At the same time, they emphasize the need for systematic lubrication of fittings accessible to moisture and recommend periodically refreshing the appearance of frames with paint.

What problems can the owner of a roof window face?

Do not believe that there are no problems with skylights? Right. Any design may not serve as flawlessly as we would like, if during its operation the recommended rules of use are violated.

For example, for a long service life of an attic double-glazed window, it is extremely important to follow the installation technology: take into account the angle of the roof, the level of the floor, professionally mount the structure in a permanent place. Often, if errors are made, they are noticeable even to a person who does not have experience in construction.

If the developer is inexperienced, an incorrect project was used when decorating the house, then the result may be, for example, the inaccessibility of a free view - when you can’t get to the window without a chair or you need to bend in three arcs to look out into the street. A similar situation is observed in the attic of one of the members of the forum. Given the parameters of the project, she ordered attic double-glazed windows measuring 78 x 140, and in practice the latter figure should have been 160 cm. As a result, to view the situation on the street, the owners of the room must bend over, which is not very convenient, whatever one may say.

To avoid inconvenience, count so that the bottom edge of the double-glazed window is at a distance of 80-110 cm from the floor. A more specific guideline: when sitting on a chair, the line of your gaze, when looking straight ahead, should coincide with the bottom edge of the glazing. You also need to take into account your height: if you get up, you should not be afraid of hitting the sash of an open window.

The following reminder will help you not to miss the choice of the desired design: when determining the length of the window, consider the angle of the roof. If the angle is 30 degrees (or 35), then there should be at least one and a half meters between the lower and upper edges of the sash. If you suspect that you can miss the size of the roof window due to errors in the project, then before choosing specific designs, do not be too lazy to measure the attic yourself or by inviting an experienced measurer. Then you will definitely be sure that the roof windows will decorate the room and allow you to admire beautiful scenery, without requiring you to unnatural body curves.

If the attic is located in a house with attic walls, then the expediency of double-glazed windows is in question. You will not be able to admire the views through them, except to study the sky. But save a lot on electricity. In general, the choice is always yours if you approach any task wisely.

About the use of roof windows in winter in the video:

A room equipped in the attic is called an attic. It was invented in Paris back in 1630, and the relevance of this architectural solution has not been lost to this day, moreover, given the growth in suburban construction, it is constantly used.

The design of the attic should work like a roof

The design of the attic is determined by the type of roof itself. Historically, the best version of the roof profile for arranging an attic room is the so-called sloping roof. The figure shows the ratio of the volume of this room in the case of a gable and a broken line.

Even with the naked eye, it is clear that the size of the room under the sloping roof is larger than under the gable one. It can also be seen that it is larger in area than the one located on the ground floor, this is due to the design feature of the house itself. Yes, and several of them.

Attic frame without insulation

The construction of the attic room implies that it automatically becomes an integral part of the roof structure. That is, the bars that are used to make the walls and ceiling of the attic take on the load from the roof structure, making it more durable and stable.

For the manufacture of an attic in a frame house, it is necessary to use the same materials that were used in the construction of the main walls and the ceiling of the first floor.

That is, if a beam of 150x50 mm was used for the walls, then the same one should be used in the arrangement of the attic room.

As supports, under the wall beam, logs of the ceiling of the first floor are used. Fastening is carried out using nails or a corner and wood screws. How exactly to fix the beams is chosen by the developer himself based on his experience and knowledge.

The subtleties of construction

Complicate the life of builders, the need to install windows, because of this, you either have to use windows that are designed for use in the attic. Another point that can complicate the life of the developer is insufficient natural ventilation, that is, it will be necessary to take measures to create forced ventilation in the attic. In addition, a complex roof entails an increase in labor intensity in the arrangement of thermal and waterproofing. But all these difficulties are outweighed by the attractive appearance of a house with a mansard roof, and an extra room never hurts.

Non-bearing elements of the attic frame

The non-bearing elements of the attic room include those that are used for wall and ceiling cladding, as well as for heat and vapor barrier of the room itself. In this case, it may be necessary to create an additional frame on the vertically installed beams of the room wall frame. To finish the room, lining is usually used, the main thing is that when it is nailed, it is unacceptable for pieces of thermal insulation to get into the cracks.

Attic insulation

The work associated with it is associated with certain difficulties, namely, it is quite time-consuming and complex, and some developers go to violate the order of work in order to speed up the work.

The thickness of the insulation depends on in which part of our country the house is being built, if we talk about central Russia, then it would be optimal to use a heat-insulating mat 150 mm thick.

In this case, a material such as basalt wool or its equivalent is suitable for roof insulation.

Some masters use. Any roofing material is suitable for covering the roof, but it must be remembered that there are materials that will require constant ventilation, such as metal tiles and their analogues. In other words, the developer will have to provide a gap of 20–30 mm between the metal tile and the film covering the thermal insulation.

roofing pie

Theoretically, subject to all the subtleties and high-quality work, the roof should not let moisture through and condensation does not form. If, however, flaws were made during the arrangement of the roof, then the condensate formed under the tiles will settle on the surface of the film, which prevents it from getting inside the insulation. And after a while it just dries up.

The insulation is placed between the rafters, and if the width of the board is less than the thickness of the heat-insulating mat, then you can either nail an additional bar to the rafters, or fix a drywall sheet, but in this case, the surface of the sheet and mat must be separated by special vapor barrier paper. Such a design will guarantee normal vapor permeability, in other words, the steam generated as a result of the temperature difference between the room and the inner layer of insulation will settle on the surface of the paper and gradually evaporate. To ensure its evaporation between the insulation and the waterproofing layer, it is necessary to leave a gap of about 10-15 mm, through which the steam will be removed.

Another small detail, for guaranteed removal of steam, it is desirable that the roof ridge be cold, for this, small observation windows can be arranged in the gable, this approach avoids the formation of condensate even in severe cold weather.

Window

In order for the attic room to have natural light, it is advisable to arrange windows. Before deciding which windows and how many to install, remember that a rooftop window always lets in more light.

In the case of an attic, one large window will give slightly less light than two small ones installed at a small distance from each other. For greater efficiency, it is advisable to place windows as high as possible from the floor of the attic room, but it is necessary to take into account the height of the person who will live in this room.

When calculating the window area, you can use an empirical formula, that is, derived from practical experience. The ideal ratio is 1 to 8, that is, with a room area of ​​​​16 square meters, the window area should be 2 or more square meters.

Windows in the attic

Windows in the attic are placed in the space between the rafters and are installed simultaneously with the roof. The window frame can be attached directly to the rafters.

If the dimensions of the window are smaller than the width of the rafter pitch, then it is necessary to make a crate under it, that is, fill additional burs on the rafters and, if necessary, install a support beam. If the size of the window exceeds the width of the rafter pitch, then it is possible to either make cutouts in the rafters or install a sheathing under the window, as shown in the figure below.

Roof structure

Balcony

Balcony area for the attic can be arranged in several ways, from the side of the pediment or from the side of the slope.

To arrange a balcony from the side of the roof, the craftsmen use a window-balcony combination. This design is shown in the figure below. It is installed according to the same rules as a simple window.

Window-balcony in the attic

The balcony on the side of the pediment can have several versions, for example, the wall of the pediment is arranged at a distance of two or three steps of the rafters, and the floor is covered in the vacated space and a railing is installed flush with the roof cut.

Balcony under the roof

If there is a desire to make a remote balcony, then even during the construction of the interfloor ceiling, you can take out the beams to the required length. By the way, to increase the reliability of such a design, it does not hurt to install support pillars under it, just as shown in the figure below.

Balcony remote from the total volume of the house

Projects of houses with an attic

And this is a project of a house 6 by 4 meters, the total building area is 24 m2. Total area: 36 m2.

House with mansard roof 6x4
Plan of the 1st floor and attic floor

We want to offer you a few to choose from.
For example, the first option. House 6x6 meters, total area - 30 m2

House with an attic and a veranda 6x9

See more projects of frame houses of different sizes in the “House projects” section.

Video

We invite you to watch a video about building a house with a mansard roof on your own with a step-by-step photo.

Those who are lucky enough to have a home should find out everything about skylights. Knowing their features, types and advantages will help you choose the most suitable option for installation.

The roof window is located on the slope of the roof, so it can be called part of the roof. It has a special device compared to ordinary windows. Indeed, he should withstand all loads falling on the roof of the house.

At one time, skylights gave light to the poor who huddled in the attic. Now they are intended rather for wealthy citizens to admire the views from the mansions and well-lit interiors. attic floors.

Skylights look like this

Types of windows for the attic roof

Depending on the design:

• vertical or straight. They are installed on the end parts of the attic or add-ons made especially for them. A feature of the windows of this design is the obligatory presence of a visor in the upper part, covering from natural moisture. The downside is that they let in relatively little light.
• oblique. They are located directly in the plane of the roof, coinciding with its plane or protruding a few centimeters. As a rule, they have thickened glass filled with gas for better thermal insulation. They are protected from precipitation by platbands in the upper and lower parts of the frame.

Materials used for ordinary windows:

• aluminum. Lightweight and durable windows, do not deform from changes in temperature and humidity. Disadvantage - let the cold through
• tree. They have an attractive appearance, are resistant to cold, have good thermal insulation, and are environmentally friendly. But rotten and burn well
• plastic. Cheap compared to other materials, easy to install, not afraid of precipitation. But in case of damage to one of the elements, a new window will have to be installed.

It depends on where the axis of the roof window sash is located:

• up. This is a roll-up window. Convenient, provided that the lower part of the window is higher than a meter from the floor
• on the side. Traditional option with a mechanism that fixes the sash in the desired position
• across the window in the center. Such a sash rotates around its axis, turning 180 degrees.

When choosing windows for the attic, you will have to take into account not only your own preferences and financial capabilities, but also the features of the house project.

Source: https://mansarda-life.net/okna-v-kryshe-mansardy/

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Types of skylights, manufacturers and variety of shapes

What are roof windows

If you are faced with the choice of a roof window or you are just interested in what kind of roof windows are - below we will tell you about the types and types of roof windows.

In modern construction, skylights have found wide application in roofs. They bring natural light, create room ventilation, coziness and comfort.

It so happened that the construction industry of the 21st century is actively developing, bringing new technologies and materials. Likewise, skylights have received significant additions, upgrades and improvements.

But first things first.

To begin with, in order to divide windows by type, you can consider all companies that are manufacturers of roof windows. By the way, there are not many of them on our continent.

All roof window manufacturers

Velux - Denmark

The company VELUX (Velux) for the production of skylights was founded in Denmark in 1941. Velux is the world leader in this industry.

Fakro - Poland

The origins of the Facro company date back to 1986. FAKRO is a positive example of how a carpentry shop has become a well-known manufacturer of skylights and stairs on a continental scale.

Roto - Germany

Production facilities are established in Poland and Russia.

What are roof windows

Windows by type of material:

The most common and popular. The frame and sash of the window are made of glued beams.

1. Windows with polyurethane coating

The frame is made of wood covered with polyurethane, which does not fade or turn yellow over time.

Windows with a plastic (PVC) profile - for installation in rooms with high humidity - bathrooms, kitchens.

Armored skylights are heavy and are typically installed in "concrete roofs" (made from cast-in-situ concrete structures).

Manufacture and delivery of armored windows occur on an advance payment within 1-3 months.

standard windows

Standard skylights are rectangular in shape. They consist of a frame and a window sash. They differ in the following:

Windows by type of opening:

Another variety - roof windows with two axes of rotation:

Tilt and turn window has two opening systems controlled by one handle. The hinged position of the sash provides safe and comfortable access to an open window. The sash does not enter the room and does not protrude beyond the window opening.

The axis of rotation of the sash in ¾ of the height of the window guarantees effective ventilation and allows you to look out of the window while standing at full height.

Safety is guaranteed by the automatic fixation of the sash in the position for washing the window, and the supply of fresh air is ensured by a two-stage ventilation gap.

All of the above standard roof windows with manual opening. But in modern era, skylights were globally automated. They appeared - "smart windows".

smart windows

All of these skylights are for installation in pitched roofs with flat planes. It is possible to install both one window and two or three or more side by side.

Separately, it is worth mentioning the arc skylight.

arc window

Arc windows are a structure in which, depending on the radius of the roof arc, the window frame, its sash, double-glazed window and fittings are bent. The arc window fits perfectly into the arched and vaulted roof, allowing you to create an original and modern architectural composition of the building.

Combination windows

Direct combo box:

Facade or cornice windows:

Front windows can be combined with additional ones:

Skylights as skylights

Balcony window

Installation of a balcony window is carried out in the same way as for a conventional roof window and does not require additional extensions.

extensions

Both triangular and semicircular extensions are used. Such an addition harmoniously fits into the exterior of the building and looks good in the interior of the attic room.

light tunnel

A light tunnel is used when a small attic is also located above the attic living space. The tunnel window is installed on the slope of the roof above the attic, and the room is illuminated through a reflective tunnel-pipe.

At the output, a ceiling diffuser is installed at the same time.

Flat roof windows

There are also specially designed windows for flat roofs. Such windows are also called skylights. They look harmonious in the roof and create a feeling of increased space due to additional light.

Roof types

What is an attic An attic is an attic-type living space that is formed on

Design pitched roof

What is fachwerk Fachwerk is a type of building structure in which the supporting base

Source: https://krovli.club/kryshi/okna-na-kryshe/vidy-mansardnykh-okon

Why do you need skylights?

Skylights are installed in the roof slope and are intended for installation in a room located on the attic floor. They really have a certain charm. But their main disadvantage, due to which they are so rarely seen in country houses is the price.

Moreover, both the cost of the windows themselves and the installation are quite high. Therefore, many refuse to use them in favor of installing standard windows in a gable or wall. But they are used not only from a decorative point of view.

Below are the reasons why dormers are still needed

1. Skylights let in more light

Due to the fact that they are located in the slope of the roof, the angle of sunlight increases, which means that more light penetrates. And as you know, it is daylight that is good for both health and vision. For example, the Velux company claims that their models let in 30-40% more light than usual, vertical arrangement. And after modernization, it is 10% more than the old and similar models from other manufacturers.

2. Viewing angle is better

Also, due to the inclined position, the viewing angle improves, opening up excellent panoramic views to the residents. The excellent review is provided practically at any arrangement of a frame.

3. Emphasizes the style of the attic room

Skylights have been specially designed for attic roofs. Therefore, they fit very harmoniously into the overall interior. You can even say much better than those installed in the wall, which look rather ridiculous if the wall is low, or even those installed in the pediment. They successfully emphasize the style of the room located in the slopes of the roof, making it even more comfortable and unusual.

4. Uniform illumination

Roof windows can be placed almost anywhere in the attic room, unlike standard ones, which require a vertical surface. Thanks to this, you can control where and how much light will be in the room. And combined salaries allow you to create a whole block, creating a panoramic view right on the roof

5. Rooftop balcony

A rather expensive, but at the same time original and convenient solution is a balcony window. In the closed position, it is no different from the standard one, but when opened, it transforms into a small balcony. Agree, having a balcony on the roof is original and unexpectedly pleasant.

Summing up, we can safely say that, despite the high price, skylights still deserve a place in the house. They will give the attic an original atmosphere, increase its illumination and allow it to be controlled.

A variety of specialized accessories allows you to customize them to your taste. And even with a little work with the brackets, you can also adapt ordinary curtains, which will look very original and gentle, hanging at an angle.

And about how to use the attic you can read in our article: "How to use the space of the attic room by 100%"

Source: http://www.diy.ru/blog/itera_group/post/9230/

Do-it-yourself mansard roof drawings with dimensions

Attic in a private house - perfect solution for the expansion of residential or useful utility space without completing the upper floor.

The arrangement of the attic in the attic space is an original and new exterior of the house, saving energy by reducing heat losses in the roof, and increasing living space.

But big sizes at home is not a reason to start work on arranging the attic: you need to have a foundation with a sufficient margin of safety for the weight load, since the finished attic space will have to be thoroughly redone.

Finished attic

Features of the attic

The main thing that distinguishes the attic from ordinary rooms is that there are almost no walls in it in the usual sense, since the walls are a modified truss system, constructed from many inclined roofing surfaces. Therefore, the design of the window will be very different - it should not interfere with natural light, and should take on the load in the form of precipitation and strong winds - the impact of weather conditions on a sloping roof is stronger than on the massive elements of the building.

Important! The SNiP regulation stipulates that the area of ​​the window opening should not be less than 10% of the floor surface in the common room. Therefore, when dividing the attic space with partitions, it is also desirable to make a window in each newly formed room.

Attic window area

It is easier, cheaper and faster to mount an inclined window in the attic roof than to make a special vertical ledge under it, violating the design calculations. In any case, the window opening must be waterproofed or a window with reinforced glass and a reinforced metal-plastic profile should be ordered.

Benefits of installing an inclined roof window:

1. A large stream of natural light, smoothing chiaroscuro;
2. There is no need to radically alter the shape of the roof and change its relief;
3. Easy Installation, feasible to the owner himself.

Skylights

The degree of illumination depends on the area of ​​the opening, which is proportional to the angle of the roof. Therefore, the conclusion is obvious: the steeper the broken mansard roof, the wider and higher the window opening should be.

The thickness of the metal-plastic profile should almost fit into the distance between the rafters, so that there is something to attach the window to without destroying the rafter system. If you order a wider window, you will have to make a reinforced jumper that fastens the rafters cut at the insertion point.

If you need to install a wide window, you must first think about the option of installing two small adjacent windows so that the roof remains intact.

Lintels in the attic for the window

When installing a dormer window (a vertical dormer window, it requires the frame to be moved outside the attic), the geometric shapes of the roof must be complicated by the installation of the upper and side valleys, and the laying or installation of the roofing is also complicated. The finished system of rafters is much more difficult to remake than to lay in your own individual project new skylight at home.

Valleys must be carefully waterproofed, as their location and geometry relative to constant atmospheric influences make these places the most vulnerable to the penetration of moisture and cold. In regions with an average annual high precipitation, it is recommended to make snow retainers above the dormers.

But the main advantage of the dormer - you can stand next to it in full growth - outweighs all the disadvantages that can be eliminated.

A window recessed into the roof is made if an exit to the balcony is organized through this window. In other cases, this is an unattractive option: poor natural lighting, unjustified complication of the roof geometry, high labor costs with a minimum of effect.

Dormer in the attic

Most affordable option- a window at the end of the attic - cheap and practical solution, which is fully realized without outside help.

Attic truss system

In individual construction, a house with an attic is often built with a sloping roof, although this is an expensive solution. Broken mansard roofs, due to their design features, greatly increase the usable area interior spaces attic. With the same width of the foundation of the house and the floor, the rooms in such an attic will have a larger area due to ledges and niches than rooms under the roof of a conventional design.

Mansard truss system

The standard design of a sloping roof allows you to lower the overhangs of the eaves much lower, not only making the exterior of the house very original - such overhangs protect the walls and foundation of the house from wind and moisture, directing atmospheric precipitation away from housing.

The more complex the sloping roof with your own hands, the stronger the dependence of the reliability of the structure on the materials from which the roof is made, on climatic conditions, on the thickness of the beams of the truss system and other factors. The classic do-it-yourself mansard roof, the drawings of which are given below, has a ratio of inclination of the lower slopes to the floor of 60 °, of the upper slopes - of 30 °.

Classic attic

SNiP stipulates a comfortable ceiling height in attic rooms - at least 2 m. Therefore, a scheme with a roof slope of 600 is fully justified, and structural reliability is ensured by thicker floor beams and rafters than with the arrangement of a conventional gable roof.

With the classical construction of the attic, the force of the wind and the load from the weight of snow on the sides of the roof with a large slope are not taken into account. Snow will accumulate on the upper surface of the roof, made with a slope of 300-450. The greater the angle of inclination of the roof, the stronger the windage of the roof, therefore, in climates with strong winds, it is necessary to build roofs with a small slope, and this is a problem for arranging the attic - the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house in such conditions should be quite large.

Broken roof schemes

The sloping roof frame is constructed from pine lumber of the first or second grade. For calculations, such parameters as the cross-section of timber and sheathing boards, the dimensions and weight of the roof from various building materials, snow and wind loads, and the rafter attachment step are regulated.

hanging rafters

The design of the roof with a hanging truss system is justified if at the base of the triangle (in the upper figure) there is a size ≤ 4.5 m - this determines the width of the attic. If the width is greater, then layered rafters are equipped, which are mounted on the wall.

How to calculate a broken type roof

The step between the rafters is often determined by the width of the insulation - this solution allows you to save on rolled materials, and the distance between the rafters is chosen 2-3 cm less than the width of the insulation material. For example, with a mineral wool slab width of 60 cm, the distance between adjacent posts should be 57-58 cm.

Fixing points in sloping roof

The boards of the rafter legs are also calculated in width, based on the parameters of the insulation.

To ventilate the layers of thermal insulation, it is necessary to provide a ventilation gap of 20-30 mm, otherwise the accumulated condensate will cause wood decay, and then damage to the insulation.

For the conditions of the middle strip, the thickness of the insulation can be no more than 230-250 mm, therefore the minimum width of the rafter legs is 230 mm with a board thickness of ≥ 50 mm. The greater the wind, temperature and snow loads in the region, the thicker the rafters should be made.

Sloping attic roof

Recommended: To save lumber, the insulation can be laid in two directions: along and across the rafters, making a thin and rare crate between the layers. With a minimum stone wool slab thickness of 100 mm, a 50 x 150 mm board can be used, leaving 50 mm for the ventilation gap.

Mansard roof installation

Mauerlat on the mansard roof is equipped with standard techniques - fastening the timber to the wall with knitting wire, anchors or studs. If the house is timber or log, then the upper crown of the log house, impregnated with an antiseptic and substances that increase the moisture resistance of wood, can serve as a Mauerlat.

Mounting rafters on the Mauerlat

For a Mauerlat in a house made of cellular concrete, a monolithic reinforced grillage is poured on top of the walls, and the Mauerlat itself is attached to the rods concreted into the wall.

For walls made of brick or reinforced concrete, such a concrete grillage is not necessary - the wall material itself is quite durable and will withstand any method of attaching the truss system.

It will only be necessary to make a two-layer waterproofing around the entire perimeter of the house, and treat the Mauerlat beam with a section of 150 mm with an antiseptic.

Roof installation

To assemble the elements of the rafter structure, long nails are used - 150-200 mm. At the corners and at the intersections of the load-bearing walls with the internal partitions of the house, it is better to make bolted connections, or use double-sided threaded studs. Also, all intersections of roof elements are recommended to be additionally reinforced with metal plates-overlays.

Assembly of elements of the rafter system

Installation of the attic truss system can be carried out in two solutions:

1. Assembling the elements on the ground, lifting the finished structural units up. First of all, vertically corner elements are attached, which form future gables. The remaining elements of the roof structure are vertically inserted into the grooves made in the Mauerlat beam at a calculated distance and rigidly fixed. To give rigidity and correct geometry, you can temporarily fix the elements with spacers and braces, and after mounting the side beams, when the structure acquires the desired rigidity, the spacers can be removed;
2. The second method is the sequential assembly of the mansard roof in place. It is more efficient and more convenient to work this way, because with a voluminous rafter system it will be problematic to lift the assembled roof manually - you will have to rent a crane. After assembling the structure, floor beams are laid, to which vertical beam racks are attached to the grooves, and temporary braces are installed to stiffen and make the system vertical. Then comes the assembly of the upper and side rafter legs, the jibs and struts are mounted in the same way.

Installation of rafters of the upper slopes

The last stage is the installation of the upper beams, which are made according to the template, and the grooves for the rafters are immediately sawn into them. Since the mansard sloping roof does not have a ridge, slopes are mounted on the beam in the middle, which are designed to fix the upper triangle of the attic roof.