What qualities are needed for gardening. Autumn work in the garden, what needs to be done on the garden plot in the fall, useful tips. Pruning fruit bushes in autumn

With the onset of the first autumn cold weather, each summer resident tries to organize events on his site, after which, in the next season, he will definitely have a harvest. Autumn works in the garden and vegetable garden include not only collecting fruits and determining them for storage. After the end of the season, it is important to spend preparatory activities in the garden, dig in the beds, carry out winter crops.

Carrying out preparatory seasonal work in the garden for wintering for inexperienced summer residents will seem to be an optional event. However, the next year's harvest will depend on the implementation of all agrotechnical techniques.

Preparation of trees and shrubs

Taking care of trees and shrubs in autumn includes: crown formation, fertilization, protection from larvae wintering under the bark and pathogenic spores. Carry out activities based on temperature parameters, following the recommendations:

• in early September, it is too early to carry out the formation of the crown, however, it is necessary to cut out damaged and dried branches. Cover the sections of the sections with clay mixed in equal proportions with cow dung;
• do not remove the foliage falling in October-November, leaving it at the root zone as a heater and organic fertilizer... Burn it only in case of severe damage by pathogens or insect pests;
• after the first night autumn frosts and bright sun rays cracking of the bark occurs during the day. Therefore, in order to protect trees from penetrating infections through cracks, carry out preventive whitewashing quicklime with addition copper sulfate... To destroy the wintering colonies of fruit and spider mites in the garden in autumn, add colloidal sulfur to the lime solution;
• fruit and berry and ornamental shrubs and the soil under them in September-October with preparations: Bicol, Bactokulicid or Aktofit. Preventive spraying will destroy leaf-eating pests, strawberry-raspberry weevils, sawflies;
• before the beginning of November, planting seedlings in the garden: apple trees, pears, cherries, currants, raspberries, strawberries, ornamental shrubs.

Top dressing and watering

To prepare plants for wintering, it is necessary to carry out the autumn artificial abundant watering of the soil, which differs from the summer in the greater use of a larger volume of water. In the moistened soil under trees and shrubs, an intensive process of transfer of internal energy takes place from more heated areas of the soil to less heated ones. Due to the increased heat transfer from the lower layers of the soil, the root system warms up well even in severe frosts.

On a note!

When carrying out autumn artificial watering in the garden, do not overdo it. In waterlogged soil, the liquid fills its spores, leading to root rot.

To carry out artificial irrigation, dig a trench 40 cm wide and 45 cm deep in the root zone of the tree.After abundant soaking, the condition of the soil at its bottom will help determine the moisture level:

• after squeezing a handful of earth, attach the lump to a thin napkin. If a wet trace remains on the paper, the soil is sufficiently moistened;
• after compressing the lump of soil, press it down against a piece of tissue paper. If there is no wet print left on it, the soil is not spilled enough;
• as a result of squeezing a handful of earth, it crumbles - fill the soil with a large volume until it is completely moistened.

Spend autumn feeding plants is an important agricultural technique. Trees and shrubs growing in one place for many years, choose phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen and trace elements from the soil. Lack of vital functions chemical substances will affect the return on yield, reduce plant immunity. After the end of fruiting, after 14-16 days from mid-September to the end of October, fertilize with complex fertilizer.

It should not be forgotten that excessive introduction of nitrogenous compounds will cause increased sap flow, active growth of shoots. This process will lead plants to diseases, reduced immunity and even death. Therefore, you should use fertilizers that do not contain nitrogenous substances such as: Potassium monophosphate, Ecoplant, Good host No. 2.

Soil treatment

After the leaves have fallen, remove and burn them. Dig up the soil by adding copper sulphate or Bordeaux liquid to it with a shovel or pointed forks to a depth of at least fifteen centimeters.

Pruning

Before the onset of persistent frosts, trees and shrubs should be completely thinned or partially shortened by branches and shoots. It is very important to do these procedures in the garden in the country in the fall. Agrotechnical method helps to enhance the vegetative growth of cut shoots in the next season. Promotes the development of fruit buds and wood. In addition, heavy snowfall in winter can damage long branches by breaking them. Reducing the width and height of the crown of plants will rejuvenate them, will keep the yield coefficient at the proper level. Subject to circumcision:

• shrunken, unhealthy branches with infertile buds;
• intertwined young shoots;
• branches growing inward, strongly thickening the crown;
• shrunken apical parts;
• root shoots;
• fatty vertical shoots developing from dormant buds.

On a note!

After pruning, cut or saw cut areas should be treated with protective preparations against rot and pathogenic spores: fungicidal paste Potaben Сі, garden whitewash paint or Lac Balsam-20 plant balsam.

Preparing the garden for the winter

Summer residents with no experience believe that with the completion of the harvest, the activities on the plots have been completed. And only experienced gardeners know that from September to October there is still a lot of work. And the harvest of the next season will depend on the measures taken in the fall in the garden.

Harvesting and preparing for storage

When harvesting in the fall, it is important to harvest the fruits on time. If the harvest is too early, the gross harvest will be less, late - some of the fruits will rot and die. Depending on the characteristics of the crop, harvesting can be carried out in one or more stages. At a time, they collect: garlic, onions, root crops. For a few tricks it is worth choosing: sweet and bitter peppers, eggplants, tomatoes, cucumbers, melons and gourds. To harvest vegetables and herbs, you need to know when and how to harvest them correctly.

1. Choose potatoes in the absence of precipitation. When sampling potatoes in small areas, you can immediately sort the products into separate containers. Leave the seed in the sun until the skin turns green. Start digging from early September to mid-October. With a delay in collection, the tubers in the soil will be struck by pathogenic spores and will begin to sprout.
2. Pumpkin crops can be without consequences in the garden until light frosts. In September, as soon as the peel of the ripe fruits becomes coarse, choose vegetables, put them for storage in cellars or storage facilities at a temperature not higher than +15 degrees.
3. In October, cut off the heads of white cabbage, kohlrabi, red cabbage. Vegetables can easily withstand nighttime cooling down to -4 degrees. However, with frosts from -8 degrees and freezing of the stump, the cabbage will not recover. Frozen fruits after thawing will become soft, not stored.
4. Pick tomatoes that are ripe by the beginning of September in the open field when the fruits reach a pink-brown color; in heated film shelters, prolong the harvest until early November.
5. When the air temperature is not lower than -2 degrees, dig up the carrots. Dig up the roots with a tool, select, sort, dry in the sun for several hours, cut the tops.
6. Stern and canteen before the onset of stable frosts. For good preservation, try not to damage the fruit when digging. Mechanical damage will affect the keeping quality of the vegetable. With scratches and cuts, root crops will last no more than two months.
7. Late varieties and hybrids of onions are selected until mid-October with full lodging of the apical part. For good keeping quality, dry the turnip in the sun for three days. Then determine in a container or braid in pigtails, store in a dry ventilated room at a temperature of +8 to +14 degrees.
8. It is worth sampling cucumbers planted in the second turn in the fall as the fruits are poured. At the same time, collect even overgrown and gnarled fruits.

On a note!

Start preparing basements and storage rooms a month before laying the harvested crop. Activities include: removing residues from last year's products, whitewashing all surfaces with quicklime, and providing storage facilities with good ventilation.

Harvesting and collecting seeds

Gardeners with considerable experience know that good harvest can only be obtained by planting tested seeds. Therefore, providing yourself with seed material collected on your own is an important event. It is worth knowing that the most productive seeds are those that ripen on the very first fruit or flower. A plant that has shown all its best qualities during the growing season should be immediately marked by tying a bright piece of fabric to it. And the seed pods of flowers that can strong wind sprinkle the grains, tie with pieces of gauze.

Seed harvesting experienced gardener will only spend on a fine day. Seed pods must be completely dry and ripe when picked. Remove the grains from the ripe fruit, thresh or rinse in a fine sieve under running water, spread out in a thin layer to dry. Spread the dried material into paper bags, mark the name of the variety and the year of harvest, store at a temperature of -5 to +28 degrees.

Site cleaning

The annual cultivation of vegetables and herbs in the same place leads to depletion of the soil, the accumulation of pathogens, and the growth of weeds. With overgrown weeds, loosen the area with a wide hoe, select all milk roots: birch trees, sow thistle, milkweed, wheatgrass. In order not to be left without a crop next season, all plant residues should be removed, mineral fertilizers should be applied to the soil. Before plowing the plots, apply granular complex fertilizing, which will deacidify the soil and improve its structure.

Planting green manure and feeding

Sowing seeds of "green fertilizer", which is grown to normalize the state of the soil, is carried out on an excavated area cleared of dried vegetation and weeds. It should be sealed in the soil before the onset of frost, starting to plant from the beginning of September. The first autumn month is characterized by warm weather, therefore, 7-10 days after sowing, the plants will sprout together. After two to three weeks, the vegetative mass can be cut or embedded in the soil. The rest of the plants will serve as a "holder" of the snow. As siderates, gardeners plant:

• oil radish;
• oats;
• rye;
• buckwheat;
• amaranth.

On a note!

Having planted early-ripening sugar peas as a siderat in the fall, you can not only saturate the soil with nitrogenous compounds, but also enjoy delicious juicy grains. Peas are not afraid of frost, so the vegetable is harvested by the end of October.

Autumn plantings

The advantage of autumn plantings is that in the process of stratification, their shoots will be stronger and more hardy than those of plants planted in spring. In addition, gardeners will have more free time in March-April, and the harvest of vegetables sown before winter can be harvested 10-12 days earlier. Planting from early September to mid-October:

• onions;
• zucchini;
• carrots;
• sorrel;
• root and stem parsley;
• dill;
• salad.

Warming of plants

After sowing, in order to better adhere the seeds to the soil, compact the soil above the furrows. With a steady drop in temperature to -8 degrees, insulate the crops. Use as a covering material: foliage from trees, wood shavings, husks from sunflower seeds, corn stalks. In the month of January-February, throw snow on the sown areas.

Preventive measures against diseases

Additional work

In addition to the main agrotechnical techniques, one should not forget about the secondary, no less important events:

• clean garden tools from dirt, treat with chlorhexidine, lubricate with engine or industrial oil;
• drain the remaining liquid from garden containers in which water was contained throughout the season, place in a waterproof room for storage;
• prepare soil mixture for growing seedlings. The best in structure is the soil taken from the hills dug by blind people and moles;
• starting from the beginning of November, cut the shanks: grapes, currants, gooseberries, ornamental shrubs for spring rooting.

On a note!

Cuttings of currants and gooseberries, cut in autumn, can be stored on the lower shelf of the refrigerator by wrapping the shoots with cling film.

The time of the end of the warm and the beginning of the cold season is considered one of the hottest periods in the life of summer residents, since in the fall, work is especially actively carried out in the garden and vegetable garden. Particular attention is paid to harvesting, summing up the summer cottage season, as well as preparing for the winter.

The entire extensive list of work in the garden and the garden is conventionally divided into periods, and for each of the months - September, October and November, one or another list of tasks is determined. These activities in the fall have much in common with the spring, but the main emphasis is now on preparing plants for winter, as well as on harvesting personal plot... For each autumn month, as indeed, it is intended to carry out certain events, and it is important not to miss the dates favorable for their implementation. What kind of work in the garden and vegetable garden is performed in September, October and November?

Compared to the summer months, the day becomes much shorter and the air temperature drops noticeably. The main types of work during this period are:

Sanitary cleaning

The first step is to start removing weeds growing on the site, as well as get rid of dry vegetation and foliage. Do not neglect the harvesting of fallen fruits, since they are the home for many pests, which, with the onset of the first heat, will begin to increase their population. All collected dry leaves, as well as diseased branches, must be destroyed, or taken out of the summer cottage.

September is considered a favorable time for circumcision and transplant perennial plants, since the earth is well saturated with moisture and heat, and there is plenty of time for good rooting before the first frosts appear. In addition, they land and bulbous plantssuch as daffodils, lilies and crocuses. It was during this period that coniferous and deciduous trees and shrubs, as well as raspberries, gooseberries and blackberries, are planted.

In some regions, the beginning of autumn is a favorable period for sowing lawns, but this should be done with caution. After all, autumn weather is quite deceptive and frosts can replace warm and humid days, in which case all work will have to start from scratch.

Garden preparation

In September, an active harvest is carried out in the garden. The beginning of the month is a favorable period for digging up potatoes and root crops such as carrots and beets, and at the end of the month it is recommended to start harvesting pumpkin, zucchini and cabbage.

Do not forget about soil fertilization. Many summer residents prefer compost, which is a natural fertilizer, others choose organic in the form of manure, humus or peat. Since nitrogen fertilizers have a stimulating effect on plant growth, they should be abandoned.

We spend time on trees and shrubs

The end of the month is favorable time for planting young seedlings, however, the ideal period for thermophilic plants is still spring. It is worth paying attention to harvesting and planting currant cuttings. Preparing shrubs for winter consists of three stages: cutting off old branches, and the hilling procedure.

It is possible to improve air movement, as well as oxygen access to the root system, by loosening the soil around the tree. It is recommended to cultivate the land around the shrubs taking into account the individual characteristics of a particular plant. For example, currants have a positive attitude to deep loosening of the soil, and raspberries like loosening only the surface layer of the soil.

Whitewashing of the garden is of no small importance, which is considered the final stage in the preparation of trees and shrubs for the winter season. Many summer residents consider whitewashing only as a way to protect plants from garden pests, and therefore it should be done only in spring. However, this opinion is erroneous, as whitewashed trees become less susceptible to the severe frosts that occur at the top of winter.

What else is worth paying attention to this month?

• The lawn is mowed and brushed with fan rake... To improve soil drainage, the lawn is pierced with a conventional pitchfork.
• Artificial reservoirs located on the territory of the summer cottage are not large sizes need draining. All equipment and vegetation are stored in a special room. Do not forget about the cleaning of reservoirs, as well as the removal of various debris.
• September is a period of active harvesting, so the room intended for storing vegetables and fruits must undergo a disinfection procedure using soda or formalin rasters. This will help prevent mold infestation and also extend the shelf life of the fruit.
• Active work is underway to catch and destroy garden pests, since some of them begin to lay eggs on tree trunks during this period.
• In the greenhouse, it is necessary to remove the topsoil, since it is he who is good place for wintering pests of the garden and vegetable garden. The collected soil is mixed with compost and filled into the compost pit.
• In order to prevent the growth of the root system of raspberries and sea buckthorn to the sides, slate or roofing material, folded in several layers, is dug into the ground.
• At the beginning of the month, to increase the yield next year, they cut the leaves of strawberries and strawberries, and also feed them with organic fertilizers.

Autumn works in October

Summer cottages located in close proximity to the megalopolis still feel the breath of heat, which is explained by the influence of the "greenhouse" effect. More distant territories are sinking deeper and deeper into the power of natural conditions. October is the middle autumn month, which is characterized by the process of abundant leaf fall and the complete completion of the summer cottage season for colder regions.

Necessary attention to trees and shrubs

The second month of autumn is a suitable period for planting young seedlings and renewal orchard... If it becomes necessary to transplant adult trees, you have to wait for their foliage to completely fall off and only then start work.

Transplant in October fruit bushes to a permanent habitat, and also begin preparing trees for the winter season. To do this, thoroughly loosen the near-stem circles, and then, after thorough watering, warm the soil with dry leaves, grass or manure.

By the end of October, it is recommended to plant trees and shrubs with an open root system, since a later time is suitable only for planting plants with closed roots. Cutting off diseased, dry branches and branches that do not differ in an abundance of crops must be completed before the onset of the first frost. In October, work continues on the formation of the crown of trees and shrubs, and they stop with the onset of sub-zero temperatures.

Preparing flowers and bulbs

At the end of October, all plantings of bulbous plants need mulching with peat or humus, which will allow them to survive the cold season favorably. Before the middle of the month, it is necessary to dig up gladioli, dahlias and begonias in order to move them to a special room for wintering. It is recommended to carry out such work at positive air temperatures in sunny and clear weather.

Do not forget about the preparation of perennial plants that remain to winter in the ground. It is important to pay attention to the condition of the leaves: dead and painful foliage must be cut and burned. To improve the condition of the soil, the soil around the flowers should be loosened and the necessary portion of fertilizer should be applied.

You can start planting annual plants such as aster, calendula, poppy and cornflowers, taking into account the weather conditions. It is necessary to sow seeds for the winter in cold weather at the first signs of freezing of the soil, so that they, once in an earthen lump, plunge into hibernation. Warm and sunny weather can provoke the growth of the plant even this season, which will lead to its death.

In October, the preparation of flower beds for spring planting begins, which includes loosening the soil, killing weeds and leveling the surface layer of the soil. It is too late to start sowing the lawn this month, as unexpected frosts can cause the death of young shoots.

Garden chores

Of all the variety of crops growing in the garden, the most cold-resistant is the salad, which is able to sit quietly in the garden until the onset of winter and the appearance of snow. After the onset of the first frost, its green shoots are cut and wrapped in any non-woven material. Leeks remain for wintering in the open ground, which feels comfortable all winter in a layer of compost or sawdust.

The tops of potatoes, tomatoes and cucumbers remaining from the harvest must be harvested and destroyed. The remains of such vegetable crops are poisonous, so do not use them for compost, or buried in the ground to rot.

At the end of October, it is recommended to start planting dill, lettuce, spinach and radish. The ideal weather conditions for this process will be cold autumn weather, but without severe soil freezing. If a light crust of ice appears on the ground, then this is absolutely not scary, such a soil is quite suitable for sowing seeds.

After complete harvesting of the plots from the harvest, they dig up the garden, which differs from performing this type of work in the spring. In autumn, do not break up large clods of earth during digging, as is done before preparing the soil for planting vegetables. This is due to the fact that a large number of garden pests larvae accumulate in the ground, which have settled there for hibernation. Large clods freeze much better than small clods, which leads to the death of harmful insects.

Final cleaning of the pond

When preparing the pond for winter, it is worth cutting off underwater oxygenator plants that enrich the water with oxygen, as well as dark coastal plants. Work should be done so that the stems protrude several centimeters above the water, which will allow oxygen to enter the water during the freezing of the pond, as well as bring harmful and toxic substances to the surface from the depths of the pond. It is necessary to complete the cleaning of the pond by removing the flowers and leaves of the water lilies, as well as transferring frost-resistant aquatic plants to the house.

What else do we do at this time on the site

• Work continues to restore order in the garden and vegetable garden;
• trees and shrubs are transplanted, which have already completely dropped their foliage;
• in the garden, the soil is being prepared for the upcoming spring plantings. It includes the application of potash and phosphorus fertilizers, as well as manure and ash. To increase the degree of soil protection and better warming it up at the beginning of spring, the finished ridges are covered with a black film;
• if there is soil with high acidity on the site, liming is performed with chalk or lime.

Final work for the winter in the garden and vegetable garden in November

November is the last month of autumn, which finally closes the summer cottage season. This month is distinguished by its dullness, gloom, high amount of precipitation and the appearance of the first permanent snow at the end of the month. The short duration of the day, cold weather increasingly reminds that the summer cottage season is coming to an end. However, even now, there are many gardening activities for the true gardener.

Tree and Shrub Care

For fruit trees and berry bushes are characterized by a state of deep dormancy, and cold weather favors the natural hardening of plants. Young seedlings threw off the yellowed foliage and got rid of the fruits, and right now the cuttings are a real pantry vital energy a plant that will actively manifest itself when nature awakens in spring.

A suitable temperature for storing cuttings is considered to be from minus 2 to + 4 degrees, which is quite problematic to provide at home (but it is quite possible in the basement of the garage). There are several ways to store cuttings, the most common of which are:

• The cuttings are placed under a snow cover and stored there throughout the winter. However, this method is not entirely reliable, since recently winters have been distinguished by a small amount of snow and their unpredictability;
• for storage, you can use a cold room, such as a basement. This method is not suitable for all plants and early thaws, warming a house with a basement, can provoke the awakening of cuttings ahead of time;
• with a small number of cuttings, you can use the refrigerator as a storage room.

IN last years there is a protracted autumn with an abundance of rains, which reduces the resistance of plants to the effects of cold weather, therefore it is important to carry out their warming for the winter. On branches bare from leaves, you can see the nests of ringed and gypsy moths, hawthorns and gold-tails, which must be removed and destroyed.

November is a good time for sanitary pruning of diseased trees, as well as those affected by a large number of pests, and for cleaning the trunks. Fallen leaves and diseased fruits must be removed from the site and tree trunks must be treated. In November, the whitewashing of tree trunks with a lime mortar ends, as well as binding of boles and skeletal branches using spruce legs, cherry and plum branches. If a frosty winter is expected, then it is worth taking care of the raspberries: the shoots are tied to each other and bent to the ground. Under dense snow cover, the plant will be able to survive the winter safely.

It is worth taking care of protecting the winter garden from hares and rodents, who choose places with a large accumulation of garbage, branches, straw and manure as their home. Usually, tree trunks are wrapped in old newspaper, on top of which a layer of roofing material, oilcloth or dense fabric is laid and the resulting structure is sprinkled with earth.

The planting of crops such as hawthorn, mountain ash and viburnum is coming to an end, the seedlings of which are placed in a pre-fertilized pit, covered with earth and watered with the required amount of water.

What are we doing in the garden

In November, in the southern regions, the final harvest of the grown crop is carried out, as well as the digging of soil free from planting. This work must be completed before the first snow, otherwise an abundant amount of moisture will penetrate into the soil, which will evaporate in the spring for a long time.

Despite the frozen soil, various vegetable crops are planted in the garden in November. Cold weather will not allow the seeds to germinate, and during the winter under the cover of snow they will have the opportunity to harden and germinate in full force with the appearance of the first spring heat. Vegetable crops that remain in the open field for the winter should be covered with peat, humus, or covered with fallen leaves. Planting crops such as onions, parsley, lettuce, dill, chinese cabbage and other types of vegetable crops.

It is necessary to complete the preparation of seeds for the upcoming sowing summer season, which are obtained from pre-cut and dried testes of beets, carrots and other vegetables. If necessary, they are thoroughly threshed, and the resulting seeds are sieved and packaged in sachets. The procurement of mineral fertilizers for the spring season is being completed, and it is also necessary to shovel the compost and add water or slurry to it, if necessary.

Preparing a flower garden for winter

In November, the final preparation of the flower garden and its inhabitants for the coming winter is carried out. Perennial plants are pruned to a height of 15-20 cm, which will keep snow on them during the winter. The flower garden is being cleaned from diseased plant residues, and dry and healthy ones are used to cover such flower plantslike roses, clematis, honeysuckle-honeysuckle and others. Old plantings of perennials must be watered mineral fertilizers, and cover the young with peat or humus, which will allow them to survive cold winter and not to freeze.

Tubers of such plants as gladioli, dahlias, as well as cannas rhizomes are reviewed, diseased plants are discarded, while healthy ones are stored. For the preservation of begonia tubers, they are cleaned from the ground, then dried well and placed in a perforated plastic bag, which is placed in wet sand, peat or sawdust.

We are working on insulation climbing roses, which are thermophilic plants and are not well adapted to life in cold conditions. Before the onset of the first cold weather, their shoots must be pressed to the ground with the help of hairpins, covered with peat or humus, and covered with the legs of coniferous trees.

The last worries about the reservoir this year

November is no longer happy with clear and sunny weather, but such luck falls out, then it is worthwhile to start thinning the overgrown plants in the water garden. It is necessary to cut off floating plants at the base using special scissors and remove it from the reservoir. It is necessary to carry out this procedure provided that they occupy a large surface of the reservoir, which can lead to the formation of impassable thickets.

All algae and fallen leaves are removed from the water. In artificial reservoirs, you do not need to drain the water until it is completely empty, you can only make the mirror area a little smaller. Plastic bottles filled with water and submerged to the bottom of the reservoir will help maintain the shape of the reservoir bed and not deform. Reservoirs with fish are by no means drained, the fish in them only plunge into hibernation. In southern regions, with warm enough water and soil, you can start planting new plants in the coastal zone.

Autumn work at the summer cottage is important for both plants and humans. It is at this time that the hot season of harvesting, laying it for storage, processing of fruits comes. In the fall, the prospect of a future harvest should be felt. If fruit trees and flowers overwinter well, then in spring they will begin to develop and grow effectively.

As soon as autumn comes, it is time for summer residents to work intensively. You need to take care of what is grown during summer period... It takes a lot of time to preserve vegetables and fruits. But the plants of the garden, vegetable garden require attention and care. The importance of the autumn works is undoubted, but you need to distribute your affairs so clearly so as not to forget the main thing.

September is a favorite month for gardeners, it shows how well they did their work in the summer. Every day you need to plan so that you have time to do everything:

• It is necessary to pick apples and pears of late autumn varieties when they are easily separated from the stalk, painted in a color characteristic of a particular variety. Harvesting is done in dry weather. The fruits are removed carefully, without pressure, then they will last for a long time. Immediately, the crop is sorted and placed in cardboard boxes or wooden boxes. It is best to sprinkle apples and pears with dry sawdust.
• Rotten fruits and old branches are destroyed without leaving them in the garden.
• It is also necessary to feed apple trees and pears immediately, without postponing until later. Up to five kilograms are brought under each tree. Ten grams of potash will be enough, and superphosphate - forty grams per square meter... The introduction of minerals will help the trees survive the winter, enter the next year with renewed vigor.
• For berry bushes -, - you need to dig up the soil and introduce organic and. It is better to dig aisles of bushes with a pitchfork.
• To prepare a mullein solution in a ratio of 1:15 or - 1:30. Little is added to it. It is better to introduce nutrient substrates into the grooves along the plantings.
• For the best fertilizer will be manure, which is applied during the digging of the soil at a rate of six kilograms per square meter.
• It is necessary to carry out and spraying garden trees and shrubs with a solution, for the preparation of which they take five hundred grams of urea and seven hundred grams of potassium chloride on a bucket of water. The procedure will help protect plants from fungal diseases, attacks of pests: spider mites.
• On sunny days, you can whitewash tree trunks.
• At the end of the month, trees are pruned, removing dead and old branches. Cut currant cuttings can be planted in the ground, leaving two buds on them.
• The stems are tied and bent to the ground so that they do not break under the influence of snow drifts.
• Watering of the garden is carried out starting from the first days of September. You can determine the degree of moisture by digging a hole forty centimeters deep. Taking a lump of earth from there, squeeze it in your hand. If it remains dense, does not crumble, then watering must be stopped.
• In the garden, work is being carried out on planting for the winter. The cloves are sealed to a depth of six to eight centimeters, sprinkled with humus on top. And the beds with basil are covered with a foil so that the greens stay fresh longer.
• In the last days of September, the gladiolus bulbs are dug up, placed in a well-ventilated room for drying. They will need to dry out within a month.
• In the same period, slaked lime is added on acidic soils.

Work in September is considered the most important for preparing plants for the coming spring and for storing the harvest of fruits and berries.

The middle of autumn in the garden is marked by abundant leaf fall, so all forces should be directed to cleaning, because it is in the old foliage that insects - garden pests - remain to winter. Branches, brown leaves are raked into heaps and burned. Part of the foliage is laid in compost pits, from where humus will be taken to fertilize garden plants in spring.

Main works in October:

1. Apple trees can be planted until mid-October. Saplings will have time to get stronger before winter and harden in winter. To prevent young shoots from freezing, they are spudded thirty or forty centimeters in height.
2. If at the beginning of October winter varieties of apples and pears were harvested, the trees are watered abundantly, using three to four buckets for each instance. And currants, gooseberries, strawberries can be sprayed with hot water. This will help the plants to withstand frost.
3. In October, work continues with bulbous and tuberous flowering plants... Dig up,. Planted,.
4. For perennial flowers, shelters are prepared for the winter. Faded inflorescences, leaves are removed from roses, hydrangeas, rhododendrons, and the bushes are wrapped with a protective film. It will help keep flowers from freezing and a layer of fallen leaves, poured over the planting of ornamental shrubs.
5. The garden land is dug up, bringing in ash, manure,. The digging depth must be at least thirty centimeters. Manure is applied in those areas where it will grow. The beds prepared for vegetables are covered with a film so that it warms up faster when the snow melts.
6. Berry bushes are prepared for winter by covering them with a layer of tops, straw or manure. Before sheltering, the branches are bent to the ground. The vine is pruned, removing the unripe part. Then the shoots are untied from the stakes and laid in trenches, sprinkled with a layer of humus twenty centimeters, and then with earth. Can be replaced with humus wood chips. Be sure to check the condition of the vine before laying it. It must be dry, otherwise the shoots will die.

The main task of the gardener in October is planting fruit trees and berry bushes, preparing plants for winter period.

In many regions, November comes with frost and snow. Therefore, it is better when the preparation of the summer cottage for winter conditions should be completed by the first days of November:

• If the weather permits, the summer resident will have to finish what he did not have time to finish - cover berry bushes, perennial flowers, apply fertilizer, and transplant trees.
• Pruning fruit trees can also be done in November, removing dry and diseased shoots. Removal of excess growth is also a necessity. At the same time, the sections are cleaned and disinfected with a solution of copper sulfate. And with a large cut area - with a garden pitch.
• In grafted fruit trees, the pegs are replaced with higher ones, loosening the binding material at the grafting site. At the same time, cuttings are harvested, which will be used for grafting.
• Working with perennial flowers involves trimming the aerial part. In phlox, aconite, echinacea, the stems are cut by ten centimeters, and in the rest, the hemp can be 2-3 centimeters. Lupine is sown for the winter.
• Insulation of rose bushes begins when the air temperature stops at minus eight. The binding of fruit trees is carried out using roofing material or nylon tights. This will save apple and pear trees from rodents. Hares will not come to trees if they are tied with the paws of coniferous trees. In this case, the needles should point down.
• November sunny weather will allow to finish sanitary pruning of plants, digging of near-trunk circles. Around plants that do not tolerate frost, a layer of mulch is laid out using dry leaves or tree bark.
• November comes the best time for mowing the lawn. The grass will not have time to grow back before the onset of cold weather, and then freeze out. At the same time, you can sow the bald areas of the lawn, since the insects will not have time to destroy them.
• Preparation of an artificial reservoir consists of the procedure for freeing it from water. Most of it is drained, and logs are laid on the bottom or plastic bottlesfilled with water. Deep ponds are cleared of foliage, plants in pots are transferred to a warm place. In a deep pond, fish can survive the winter under a thick layer of ice.

The last month of autumn will make it possible to completely complete all work in the garden and calmly wait for next spring.

More information can be found in the video:

Autumn is the period when we need to prepare the garden and vegetable garden for the winter period. It is at this time that we need to lay the foundation for a successful and fruitful harvest next season.

In this article, we will talk about what work we need to do in the garden and vegetable garden in the fall.

What work to do in the garden and vegetable garden in September?

Garden... In the first month of autumn, we need to collect the remaining crop (with the exception of some subwinter species) and start preparing the plants for the winter period. Many inexperienced gardeners very often make the same mistake: apples on the tree are overexposed, and therefore they overripe and crumble.

Such fruits very quickly lose their taste, and they cannot be stored for a long time. In addition, if the harvest is late, the tree will spend additional energy, which of course will affect its health in the winter.

Also, do not forget that winter apple varieties must be removed from trees before the onset of consumer maturity, they will ripen during storage.

September, one might say, is a kind of transitional period, that is, instead of the work that we performed in the summer, we begin to switch to autumn work.

Already at the end of the month it will be possible to start digging the soil in the near-trunk circles, as well as to start applying fertilizers.

In the first ten days of September, we plant rooted currant cuttings (white, red, black).

After the gooseberries and currants are harvested, you can begin to thin out the bushes. We prune raspberries in this way, remove fruit-bearing shoots and new, underdeveloped ones.

Dig up the soil around the berry bushes, at the same time applying organic and mineral fertilizers.

At the end of September, for planting, we begin to take tree seedlings from the nursery, rooted cuttings of berry cuttings.

In the first half of September, we begin to plant head lettuce seedlings in a heated spring or winter greenhouse. For this plant, the watering regime is of great importance, which will be carried out in the autumn-winter period, that is, in order to avoid the appearance of rot, watering should not be too frequent.

In September we start stocking up on soil, peat, compost and manure. We continue to actively look after autumn plants tomatoes, radishes, cucumbers, etc.

We begin to disinfect the walls and shelves of the greenhouse, frames, using for this purpose a 40% formalin solution or an infusion of bleach (400 g for 10 liters of water).

In the first half of September, parsley can be sown in heated winter film greenhouses. By January, you will already have 2 crops of parsley. We do the same with celery.

You can also do the harvesting of rhizomes of perennial vegetable plants.

Garden in the open field... In September it will be possible to start picking carrots, tomatoes, onions, zucchini, parsley, and celery. This work is the most important in the garden in this autumn month... We begin to clear the beds that have been freed from vegetable crops from plant residues, weeds, and then we proceed to digging.

By this time, all preparatory work for the storage of vegetable crops.

In the first half of September, we continue to look after the late varieties of cabbage.

What work to carry out in the garden and vegetable garden in October?

Garden... In October, it will already be possible to start pruning trees. We begin to clear the stems of fruit trees from dying bark. With the help of lime mortar, we whitewash boles and skeletal branches.

We spray the crowns of trees with the same solution. After the leaves fall, we treat the trees with a 6-8% solution of ferrous sulfate.

We continue to cultivate the soil in the near-trunk circles, adding organic and mineral fertilizers, and, if necessary, lime.

October is also a more suitable time to feed fruit and berry plants. In cases where the autumn was without rain, and the fruit trees were watered not so often, we carry out water-charging podzimny watering along the near-trunk circular ditches. The soil itself must be moistened to a depth of 50-60 cm.

Also, after a period of leaf fall, you cannot leave fallen leaves under the trees (we collect them and burn them).

Heaps with grass and manure, twigs and brushwood, if possible, take out of the site. Thus, you can eliminate the likelihood of attracting mice to the site for wintering.

So that the branches of young trees do not break under the weight of snow, we connect them together.

In order to protect the bark in early spring from rodents and from sunburn, we tie the trunks with roofing material, tar paper or spruce wood.

We begin to cover the near-trunk circles with humus, peat, we spud them with soil from the row spacing. With the first snow falling, we throw it as much as possible on the trunk circles.

We are also starting to prepare the berries for the winter period. We carry out soil cultivation, while necessarily introducing organic and mineral fertilizers.

We tie young bushes of currants and gooseberries so that they are not broken by snow. We untie the raspberry shoots from the trellises. We bend and pin their tops to the ground or connect adjacent bushes to each other.

After finishing the processing of berry plantations, cover the plantings with peat or humus, but so that the middle of the bushes are not covered.

A vegetable garden in a greenhouse or greenhouse... In October, we sow new varieties of parsley for greens. So that fresh greens appear on our table for the New Year holidays, we plant root vegetables with petioles and keep them at temperature conditions 4-8 ° C

We carry out preparatory work for growing vegetables in the new season. We begin to wipe the wire frame with kerosene, on which the spring greenhouse film was all this time.

To disinfect the wooden parts of the greenhouse, we use a 10% solution of copper sulfate.

In October, you must definitely stock up on fresh soil, peat and humus, since in the future you may not have such an opportunity.

Garden in the open field... In October, we need to complete all harvesting work with crops grown in the open field.

We remove all plant residues from the vacated beds and begin to dig up the soil, but at the same time apply fertilizers. During digging, we also remove the rhizomes of perennial weeds, and destroy the larvae of pests (if any).

What work to carry out in the garden and vegetable garden in November?

Garden... This month of autumn, all works on garden plot must be completed. Every day the soil begins to freeze deeper and deeper. Before the onset of frost, we will need to drain the water from the external water pipes and barrels, remove the irrigation hoses from the garden, clean and dry all gardening equipment.

To prevent the fertile soil from washing away, we make furrows across the slope existing on the site. We place shields and other means of snow retention in the areas that are blown through.

Snowless period for the roots of fruit and berry crops can be very dangerous, and therefore you need to take care of their safety. With the help of peat and spruce branches, cover the trunk circles. For this purpose, you can also use a special covering material.

Garden in greenhouse and greenhouse... In November, the period of fruiting autumn-winter crops - cucumbers, tomatoes and head lettuce - ends.

After disinfection, the greenhouse can be used for forcing green onions, sorrel, celery, parsley.

Garden in the open field... In November, we insulate perennial vegetable plants, check and calibrate vegetable seeds. We monitor how vegetables are stored in our cellar or basement.

Also, do not forget about the organization of food for the birds remaining for the winter. We hang feeders in the garden and garden, not forgetting to periodically add food there. In the future, the birds will thank you by the same that they will destroy caterpillars and larvae of insects - pests.

The last warmth, the scent of blooming chrysanthemums, the air permeated with pleasant coolness and the smell of falling leaves - the beginning of the hottest season in the life of everyone who has a personal plot. Already at the end of August, summer residents smoothly turn into active autumn work in the garden and garden, which must be completed before the onset of the first frost.

Whether it is necessary to dig up and fertilize the soil in winter, how to prune and insulate trees and shrubs, what seeds can be sown, this and not only will be told today by "Dream House".

What work in the garden and on the site do in the fall

At first, beginners in this difficult but fruitful business have enough questions regarding work on the site in the fall.

If you make a list of them, it will look something like this:

1. Collect the remaining crop and seeds for sowing next year.
2. Systematic harvesting of fallen leaves and harvesting fertilizers from it.
3. Harvesting of tops and unsuitable vegetables and fruits.
4. Reproduction of perennial shrubs by division or layering.
5. Pruning of garden trees, fruit and ornamental shrubs, haircut.
6. Flower bed care.
7. Warming of vegetation.
8. Autumn soil fertilization and mulching.
9. Planting winter crops.
10. Fertilizer and.
11. Greenhouse or greenhouse cleaning.
12. Cleaning of reservoirs.
13. Cleansing dry foliage from gutters.

Let's take a closer look at what the autumn work on adjoining territory, in the garden, vegetable garden and flower garden.

Gardening in autumn

In addition to the fact that in the garden more often than in other areas, you need to deal with autumn leaf fall, you have many other actions to perform.

Since fallen leaves are a valuable compost material, they should not be burned. Prepare recesses or special boxes and dump foliage there for further organic fertilization.

Do not rush to remove the fruits of late varieties of apples and pears until they are fully ripe. Their ripeness is determined by the color of the grains; they should be brown. In order not to damage the fruits, they need to be removed, not crushed. The crop is immediately stored in a cool place after harvest. Bunches of grapes are treated in the same way.

What to do in the garden in autumn, when all the fruits have already been harvested? In addition to harvesting and harvesting, attention must be paid to all trees and bushes. Without proper care, they can freeze or become sick and die, which will reduce future yields.

Autumn is the time for planting fruit seedlings, transplanting trees and shrubs, but only after they have shed their foliage. Also in the autumn period, the division and digging of layers of gooseberries, currants, yoshta, raspberries, blackberries are carried out.

It is processed from pests, cut off and insulated at the base for the winter.

On young trees that have not yet borne fruit, pinch long shoots to speed up lignification.

It is necessary to cut off dried and diseased tree branches, as well as clean out the trunks from dead bark and moss.

Berry bushes and fruit trees are deeply dug around. This process will provide moisture and oxygen to the root system, and will help locate and destroy the habitat of harmful insects.

Then, for a successful wintering of fruit trees and shrubs, the soil near the root zone is loosened, shed well and insulated with foliage, peat or mulch. The trunks of young trees, up to 4-5 years old, which are still poorly hardened and may not withstand frost, must be insulated with burlap or fleece.

Whitewashing is an additional protection from frost and garden pests, as well as the final stage of work in the garden in autumn and preparation of trees and shrubs for wintering.

The most laborious autumn work in the country is gardening. In September, the "extraction" of potatoes ends, the collection of tomatoes, sweet peppers, eggplant, cabbage, rutabagas and carrots. The next step is cleaning the beds weed, tops and fallen, not edible fruits.

The leftover tops of potatoes, cucumbers and tomatoes cannot be used for compost as they are poisonous. It should be collected and destroyed.

On the harvested land from crop residues, you can sow plants for the winter. Planting vegetables in the fall involves obtaining early harvest in the spring.

The optimal time for this is late October and early November. Places should be chosen such that snow does not blow off in winter and water does not stagnate in spring. The selected area must be fertilized and loosened, as well as markings that will indicate that the area is occupied.

From vegetables to open ground planting winter garlic, onion, sow seeds of carrots, parsley, dill, sorrel, parsnips, cilantro, lettuce, spinach. To protect against frost, all crops that have to winter in the ground are mulched. Spicy plants such as sage and thyme also require insulation. Spruce branches are used to hide them.

Sowing in the winter, both garden crops and flowers, should not be carried out until the end of October - early November, since a sudden warming will give seed growth, and the cold will immediately take life from young shoots.

In the fall, for a good future harvest, cut the leaves of strawberries and strawberries. Further, for their favorable wintering, they fertilize and insulate.

Finally, they dig up beds free from crops and scatter fertilizers. When digging in autumn, there is no need to loosen and level the ground. Huge clods freeze much better than small ones, which leads to the death of pests and their larvae accumulated in the ground.

Autumn work in the local area and flower beds

Front gardens and flower gardens in autumn are a real decoration of the yard. Until the first frost, they delight with their colors, which smoothly pass from one to another.

To maintain such beauty throughout the fall, proper care is required. summer cottage: timely remove flowering annuals, diseased and shriveled branches of perennials and ornamental shrubs, falling leaves and weeds, as well as fertilize the soil.

Before the onset of frost, the rose bushes should be cut and insulated, the tubers of dahlias, gladioli, freesia, begonias, rhizomes of cannes should be dug up and stored. must be removed from the supports, pressed to the ground and covered with fir branches.

Many perennial flowers, such as hydrangeas, clematis, heather, are resistant to winter frosts, but it will not hurt to cover them with spruce branches, sawdust or fallen leaves, with the exception of asters, bergenia and horned violets, which can rot under a protective layer.

In winter, such annuals are sown as poppies, cornflowers, asters, calendula, primrose. Also, tulip and lily bulbs are planted in open ground, daffodils are planted by dividing the root system.

Autumn is the time to enrich landscape design ornamental vegetation, trees, shrubs, flowers and grass. In conditions autumn planting the plants are in the most favorable conditions.

Consists of such procedures as watering the grass, mowing it, fertilizing it with mineral fertilizers and aerating the soil.

Early and competent autumn work in the garden and vegetable garden is a guarantee of a plentiful, high-quality and tasty harvest of the next season, as well as the inextinguishable beauty of the entire courtyard.