The timing of sowing vegetable crops for seedlings for different regions. Calendar for planting garden plants Schedule for planting seeds in the ground

Selection does not stand still, and new varieties of vegetables and improved types of already known crops and root crops are constantly emerging. Therefore, there is no single answer to the question “when to sow seeds for seedlings”. Even experienced summer residents doubt the correctness of the chosen time, but newcomers are even more lost among the huge amount of information regarding sowing seedlings. You can calculate the timing using a formula.

There is no universal seeding period for seedlings even for one vegetable crop. There are many individual factors that determine the optimum seeding time. It is better to calculate this period for each type of seedling individually. To calculate the formula, you need data on the following points:

• climate features in which the seedling will grow;
• how long does the growing season of this plant last;
• at what age it is best to plant seedlings in the ground;
• the need for a particular culture for heat;
• approximate ripening time;
• where this culture will grow, in a greenhouse, or outdoors;
• seed germination time.

Despite the apparent complexity, everything is simple. If you consider each point in detail, you will see that even a novice summer resident can determine the timing of sowing seeds for seedlings.

Climatic conditions

This is the key criterion that will be the starting point. It is best to use a scheme of two main sowing dates, the so-called "cold" and "warm" time.

In the "cold" period, which is indicated by the time period from March to May, in open ground crops that are resistant to cold are planted. Early ripe cabbage is also planted. Under the film are vegetables that are more thermophilic. These include tomatoes, vegetable peppers, eggplants, cucumbers. During this period, the soil temperature by 10-15 cm in depth should reach 9 ° C.

In the "warm" period, the thermophilic seedlings are planted in an open space. The period lasts from mid-April to mid-June.

Important! The time of sowing seeds will depend on how long it is possible to plant seedlings in open and closed ground in your climate.

Growing season

This is the time from the appearance of the first shoots to the final harvest. Different crops have different growing times. As a rule, crops are grown in seedlings, the growing season of which is longer than the warm climatic period of the region. If you sow such crops in the ground, you may simply not have time to get the harvest. It often happens that different varieties of the same crop do not have the same growing season.

There are garden crops:

• early maturing;
• medium ripeness;
• late ripening.

The data on this parameter is always indicated by the manufacturer on the seed packaging.

Seedling planting age

There is an optimal planting period for seedlings of each crop. It was at this time that young, immature plants more easily transfer the process of transportation from comfortable growing conditions to the soil. If a seedling is transplanted in due time, it is less injured, does not get sick in the future and adapts better to new conditions. The time of sowing seedlings should be chosen based on this feature of the plants.

Dates of planting seedlings

Culture	Planting age of early variety seedlings in days	Planting age of medium-sized seedlings in days	Planting age of late seedlings in days
Tomatoes	40-50	50-60	60-65
Cucumbers	20-25	30	30-35
Eggplant	45-50	50-55	60-65
Pepper	40-45	45-55	55-65
	30-35	35-40	40-45
Broccoli	25-30	30-35	35-40
Kohlrabi	20-25	25-30	30-35
Cauliflower	25-30	30	30-35
Zucchini	20-25	25	30
Melons (watermelons, melons)	20-25	25-30	30-35

Warmly

Almost all plants that we get by the seedling method are thermophilic. Exceptions include early cabbage and zucchini. Eggplants can only be planted when all the risks of frost have passed. Peppers too. Cold-resistant plants can be sown later. A later sowing date also implies planting under a film canvas.

Ripening time

This is a relative criterion, since there is technical ripeness of the product and biological ripeness. To bookmark the harvest for storage, it is enough to wait for the first one. For immediate consumption, the plants can be aged until the final biological ripeness of the fruit is reached.

Advice! Guided by one simple rule, you can influence the ripeness of the crop. By slightly changing the timing of sowing seeds, by sowing in several stages, you can get seedlings different ages... She will mature in different periods, thereby increasing the duration of the overall harvest period.

Greenhouse or soil

Planting vegetable crops in different conditions significantly affects their ripening period. If you plan to grow tomatoes in a regular garden bed, transfer the seedlings to it not earlier than the end of May - beginning of June. Under greenhouse growing conditions, you can move the planting three to four weeks earlier.

It is also worth paying attention to the materials that make up the greenhouse. The ripening time of crops also depends on the temperature in the shelter.

Culture	Time of planting seedlings in the ground	Time for planting seedlings in the greenhouse
Tomatoes	26.05 - 6.06	2.05 - 7.05
Cucumbers	7.06 - 14.06	7.05 -14.05
Eggplant	1.06 - 10.06	20.05 - 25.05
Pepper	25.05 - 05.06	01.05 - 10.05
White and red cabbage	05.05 – 15.06	30.04 - 15.05
Broccoli	25.06 - 1.07	20.05 - 25.05
Kohlrabi	20.06 - 25.06	25.05 - 30.05
Cauliflower	25.06 - 05.07	20.05 - 01.06
Zucchini	1.06 - 10.06	15.05 - 25.05
Melons (watermelons, melons)	5.06 - 15.06	20.05 - 30.05

The term for the appearance of shoots

The emergence of sprouts can occur within 3-15 days from the moment of sowing the seeds. This criterion is very important, since it directly affects the overall growth period. vegetable crops... It depends not only on the quality of the seeds, but also on the conditions in which they are found. This is the quality of the soil, temperature, moisture level, sowing depth. Seedlings from dry seeds appear later than seedlings from previously wetted and prepared ones. To speed up germination and make it uniform, you can treat the seeds with a special preparation - a growth accelerator.

Average seed germination rates

Culture	Germination period after preparation in days	Germination time dry in days
Tomatoes	4-5	7-8
Cucumbers	2-3	5-7
Eggplant	4-5	8-15
Pepper	4-5	8-15
White and red cabbage	3-5	8-10
Broccoli	4-6	8-12
Kohlrabi	3-5	8-10
Cauliflower	3-5	8-10
Zucchini	4-5	7-8
Melons (watermelons, melons)	7-10	14-18

Video - Timing of sowing vegetable seeds for seedlings. When to sow?

Optimal sowing time

Climatic conditions are taken as a starting point. Then the conditions in which the culture will grow are selected from the table. Taking into account the information on the growing season indicated by the manufacturer, the seeding time is selected. By subtracting from the obtained value the time of emergence of sprouts, you can get the exact dates of sowing for seedlings of seeds of a particular culture. This is a basic formula that can be supplemented with data from personal experience.

Advice! It is better to sow eggplants and cucumbers for seedlings immediately in separate pots or cassettes, since their roots are very fragile and react painfully to the transplant procedure. Tomatoes can be sown in boxes, and when transplanted into open ground, divide them with a fork or knife into squares.

Too, rushing to sowing, not worth it. Sowing very early may not meet expectations for early harvest... Seeds sown according to the exact date will grow in healthy seedlings, and later in a noble, generous harvest.

All experienced gardeners know that in order to grow good seedlings and then enjoy a bountiful harvest, it is necessary to take into account a number of nuances, including the sowing time.

The key factor for the success of this event is the age of the seedlings at the time of planting. It should not outgrow, as otherwise there is a great risk that the seedlings simply cannot take root, or it will take them too much time for this.

To correctly sow seeds for seedlings, you need to know the time of their germination, the most suitable age of the seedlings and the timing for planting. We recommend that you familiarize yourself with the timing of sowing seeds in the tables below.

Optimal timing of sowing vegetable crops

Name	Seed sowing date	Shoot emergence (days)	Drop off date	Seedling age
Early varieties of tomatoes
Middle and late varieties of tomatoes
Eggplant
Cauliflower	Early April
White cabbage	End of March - beginning of April
Squash
Leek
Onion
Celery
Head salad

Seedling age - the maximum period of time for each crop during which it can grow in the seed box before transplanting into the ground. Adhering to the sowing time is extremely important for the seedlings to take root well and quickly.

Time of emergence Is the number of days from the moment of sowing the seeds to the formation of the first shoots.

Disembarkation dates - the optimal time for planting seedlings in the ground.

The article indicates the terms for sowing various crops in Central Russia. Residents of other regions will have to independently adjust the timing of planting seeds, according to their climatic conditions. For example, in the more southern regions, crops begin to be carried out from mid-February, and in the northern regions - at the end of March, mid-April.

Sowing dates for sowing seeds are somewhat different from vegetable seeds, you can see them in the following table.

Sowing dates of seeds of annual flower crops

Name	Sowing month	Shoot emergence (days)	Decorative period (days)	Notes
Ageratum low grades and high	March, April		75 - 105 (depending on the variety)	Always be interested in the size of the ageratum variety, then it will be possible to calculate the sowing time of seeds of high and low varieties so that they bloom at the same time: high varieties are planted 2-3 weeks earlier.
Balsam (Impatiens)	March	15-18	up to 110	Quite a capricious plant, which only big amateurs or rather experienced gardeners undertake to grow. Requires a lot of light, but not direct sun rays and a lot of moisture in the soil and air, but without excessive waterlogging. Wonderful, always flowering plantsuitable even for shady gardens. The term for planting in the ground is when constant heat is established.
Ever-flowering begonia	December - January			Quite a complex plant that requires special care and long-term cultivation in greenhouse conditions. The ever-flowering begonia has very small seeds, to simplify the sowing process, you can mix the seeds with river sand and evenly scatter it over the prepared, moistened soil, then cover with glass and provide good lighting. The term for planting in the ground is when constant heat is established.
Verbena garden	March, April	10-12	70-80	A beautiful and unpretentious plant, can be grown as an annual or as indoor plant, taking out into the garden during the warm season.
Carnation Shabo	January February	6-10	up to 180	The difficulty of growing by seedlings is that for active growth of seedlings, a temperature of 12-15 degrees is required, at home on windows this is quite difficult to achieve.
Heliotrope	January February	14-21	90-100	Heat-loving and capricious plant. When correct cultivation and care, forms a beautiful constantly blooming and fragrant shrub. It is worth growing once with seeds in order to keep cuttings at home in subsequent years.
Summer dahlia	March	8-12	90-100	It is grown in seedlings. In order for the flower to branch densely and give more peduncles, it must be pinched from time to time. It is very sensitive to cold weather, so it should be planted in open ground when the soil warms up well.
Sweet pea	February	6-10	120-130	A romantic and delicate flower. For successful cultivation time should be taken when preparing its seeds for planting: soak in hot water for 1-2 days, then place the swollen peas in separate seedling pots, attaching a support for the peas. The term for landing in the ground will come when the threat of cold weather has passed.
Calendula	April May	8-10	50	A very unpretentious, fast-growing plant, grown by planting seeds in open ground. The term for sowing seeds is from mid-April to the end of May.
Kosmeya (Cosmos is double-feathery)	March, April	8-12	110-120	Space can be planted directly into the ground, where it will bloom around June and until frost. Airy and light plant for sunny places... It is not picky about soils and easily tolerates drought. For earlier flowering or growing a special variety, you can sow seeds for seedlings. However, there is one rule: do not flood the seedlings! The term for disembarking in open ground is in May.
Levkoy (Matiolla)	February March	3-5	100-120	Loves light and moisture. The plant is worth growing for the amazingly pleasant aroma that carries through the garden on summer evenings.
Lobelia Erinus	February March	4-6	90-100	A compact plant covered with small flowers all summer and before cold weather. Lobelia is good for containers, alpine slides or curbs. The seeds are very small, do not sprinkle with earth during sowing - they need light and warmth for germination. It will be enough to evenly place the seeds on a light and damp substrate, cover with foil or glass. The term for transplanting into the ground is when the threat of frost has passed.
Mimulus	January February	8-12	120-130	Blooms profusely, from June to cold weather. True, there is one BUT: after the first abundant flowering, the faded peduncles should be cut off. Seeds are very small - sow superficially, keep evenly respected, in a well-lit area. The term for planting in a permanent place is mid-May-early June.
Nasturtium (Capuchin)	April May	12-14	110-120	Unpretentious, abundantly flowering plant, undemanding to soil. Its main "enemy" is frost, therefore it should be planted in open ground only when the soil and air are well warmed up. It is better to grow nasturtiums by sowing directly into open ground.
Forget-me-not Chinese	March, April	12-14	85-120	It can be tall or short, the timing of sowing seeds for seedlings also depends on the variety. Amazingly gentle and unpretentious flower for a shady garden. Forget-me-nots can be grown through seedlings or by direct sowing in open ground. It easily tolerates mild cold, so you can plant it quite early.
				A wonderful lush-flowering annual. It does not present a hassle in growing seedlings, and if it happens that the seedlings are very elongated, you can just pinch them. The pinched tops can be used as cuttings to increase the number of plants.
Rhodochiton	March, April			Fast-growing climbing plant for vertical gardening garden. It can reach a height of 3-4 meters, while strewn with unusual purple flowers. Propagates well by seeds and cuttings.
Rudbeckia	March, April	12-14	85-100	Quite unpretentious, prefers sunny places6 but grows in partial shade.
Fragrant tobacco	March	15-20	90-100	Loves warmth and light, is grown only in seedlings. It develops for a long time, so in order to prepare the seedlings for the deadline, you need to work hard in early spring.
Tagetes (Marigolds)	March	7-10	105-110	A warm and light-loving flower that has forever settled in our gardens. Today there are a huge number of wonderful varieties Marigolds - from the usual orange to creamy white colors. For planting in the soil in a flowering state, seedlings are sown in early March.
				It can be grown quite easily through seedlings or directly into open ground.

It should be borne in mind that the age of the seedlings may vary depending on the following factors:

• growing conditions - seedlings grow more slowly at low temperatures;
• the size of the seedling containers and the number of seeds per square meter - what less area nutrition, the shorter the time required for seedlings to ripen.

The timing of planting seedlings may also differ from those shown in the tables. If, for example, spring in your region turned out to be very warm, planting can be started about a week earlier and, accordingly, vice versa. After sowing seeds for seedlings according to all the rules, and observing the recommended sowing dates, very soon you will be able to enjoy a rich harvest.

In the article about preparing seeds for sowing, you can find even more useful information.

After the New Year holidays, gardeners begin to prepare for sowing seeds for seedlings. Experienced, with many years of experience in growing vegetable crops, can easily determine the date of sowing seeds for seedlings, using their observations and calculations. It is much more difficult for beginners to determine this date. To determine and clarify the date of sowing seeds for seedlings, you can use several methods:

• based on the results of agrotechnical research,
• countdown method,
• according to the amendment formula.

Pepper shoots. © Pookie & Schnookie Content:

Using ready-made averaged parameters

It is advisable for novice gardeners to use special reference books for agricultural crops. Data on the timing of sowing vegetable seeds for seedlings are obtained in long-term agrotechnical experiments in conditions close to the area of \u200b\u200bcultivation. Seeds are called zoned and when sold on the back of the package, manufacturers always indicate the output data, up to the recommended sowing date for seedlings.

It must be said that the seed sowing dates given on the package are average. They do not take into account the climatic conditions of the year, the characteristics of the variety named on the label, and other parameters. Therefore in winter period (free from field work) gardeners need to familiarize themselves with the recommendations of the breeders and select the varieties and hybrids they like from reference books and catalogs.

It is more expedient to purchase hybrids marked with F1. These are hybrids of the first reproduction. They always differ from the subsequent ones by increased resistance to diseases and more accurately correspond to the reference characteristic.

In your garden diary, draw a table and enter data that will help you more accurately determine the date of sowing seeds and planting seedlings permanently in open or protected ground (heated, cold, film greenhouses, from spandbod and other permanent and temporary shelters).

The required parameters for the main vegetable crops are given below in table. 1 and 2. Please note that in table 1 and 2 the same crops differ in the age of seedlings and the timing of planting (the region is one, but the regions are different). These tables show how much the official data are averaged. Therefore, when using ready-made parameters for seeding, it is better to take data from your area.

Table 1: Averaged seedling seeding data obtained on the basis of agrotechnical experiments for central Russia

Name of culture, days	Seedling age, days	Seed sowing date	Shoots, days	Seedling planting date
Early tomatoes	45-50	10.03-15.04	5-7	1-10.06
Medium and late tomatoes	65-70	11.03-20.03	5-7	5-15.06
Sweet and bitter pepper	65-75	11.03-20.03	12-14	5-10.06
Eggplant	60-65	21.03-31.03	10-12	5-15.06
Head salad	35-45	21.04-30.04	3-5	11-20.06
Celery	75-85	12.02-20.02	12-20	21-31.05
Zucchini, pumpkin	25-30	11.04-20.04	3-5	21-31.05
Cucumber	25-30	1.05-10.05	2-4	1-10.06
Cauliflower	45-50	1.04-10.04	4-6	21.05-31.05
White cabbage	45-50	25.03-10.04	4-6	21.05-31.05

Seedlings of tomato. © Gary Walton

Table 2: Timing of planting seedlings in central Russia in protected and open ground

Countdown method

To apply this calculation method, it is necessary to additionally use the regional climatic maps, which show the parameters of the onset of stable warm weather in spring (without returning possible spring frosts) and autumn cooling. Data on the length of the growing season of crops is also required. For a better organization of the sowing and transfer period, we enter the necessary parameters in our garden diary.

In the table we place data on the age of seedlings, the period of their planting in the ground, the emergence of seedlings, the allowance for unforeseen circumstances, adaptation after the pick and the calculated data.

For instance: in central Russia, a warm frost-free period begins in the second decade of May. We take the deadline - May 15. The period of early development of tomatoes from germination takes 45-50 days. To this period we add 5-7 days for the emergence of seedlings and 3-4 days for the adaptation period of seedlings after picking and other unforeseen cases (50 + 7 + 4 \u003d 61). Using the calendar, we count in the opposite direction 50 days from the age of the seedlings, 4 days for picking and 7 days for the emergence of seedlings, and we get the number of days of counting (60-61 days) and the fixed date of sowing seeds for seedlings. The date falls on March 14-15. Sowing seeds can be extended by holding it in several times with a break of 10-15 days. Planting seedlings will take the period from March 15 to April 1.

Here's another example of a sweet pepper countdown. We determine the deadline for the frost-free period using the climatic map. In the southern regions, it occurs in the last decade of April - the first decade of May. The age of sweet pepper seedlings, ready for permanent planting, is 65-75 days. We are counting down from May 10 (so as not to fall under the return frost).

By the age of the seedlings 65, we add 5 days for the emergence of shoots and 7 for unforeseen circumstances (temperature drops, lack of lighting, delay in watering) and we get a total of 77 days. We count them from May 10 and we get the date of sowing seeds for seedlings on February 17. So, the period of sowing sweet peppers for seedlings in the southern regions is from February 17 to March 1. If sown in 2-3 terms with a gap of 8-10 days, then the period of sowing pepper seeds for seedlings will last until March 5-10.

When calculating the date of sowing seeds, adhere to the rule: it is better to permanently plant younger undergrown seedlings than overgrown ones. Young seedlings go through the period of adaptation to new living conditions faster (like a newborn baby), and the overgrown seedlings are inconvenient to plant (a lot of waste) and are susceptible to diseases during the adaptation period.

If you are not sure of the quality of the preparation of the permanent seedling planting sites, then always postpone the sowing date to a later date (sometimes up to 10 days). You can sow seeds in several times. This technique will provide an opportunity to get into a culture-friendly temperature and light regime.

Seedling eggplant. © Joel Ignacio

Calculation by the correction formula

As you have seen in the examples above, the seed sowing date is still floating and fluctuates within 10 days. There is another way to calculate more accurate sowing of seeds for seedlings - according to the correction formula. To calculate it, you will need additional data, which can be taken from the reference literature or use the results of your long-term observations.

We draw an auxiliary table, where we enter the following data (Table 3). When determining the date of sowing seeds for seedlings according to the amendment formula, we calculate at the level of the variety. That is, we take into account the parameters not in general of early tomatoes or another crop, but of a certain variety or hybrid.

Table 3: Example of calculating the sowing date of vegetable seeds using the correction formula

Some of the parameters can be found on a bag with seeds, others can be obtained from reference books, climate maps of the region, district. For the calculation, immediately decide in what conditions the culture will be grown in the post-seedling period.

The following parameters should be indicated on the seed bag:

• variety or hybrid name,
• growing region,
• sowing date,
• date of landing in the ground,
• seed treatment.

The last 2 parameters will guide you in your calculations. It is important to know whether pre-sowing treatment seeds. If not, you must treat the seeds for diseases and pests yourself. Poor-quality seeds will delay the development of seedlings and you can be late with the timing of planting permanently, not get or get very sparse seedlings, etc. To fill out the calculation table, you will need a number of parameters obtained experimentally (duration of the growing season, age of vegetable seedlings, seed germination time).

On average, the length of the growing season is always indicated on the seed bag or in catalogs of varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops. Let's take the averaged data as a basis:

• tomatoes - 75-140 days;
• sweet pepper - 80-140 days,
• eggplant - 90-150 days.

• tomatoes - 45-50 days;
• mid-season tomatoes - 55-60 days;
• late-ripening tomatoes -70 days;
• sweet pepper - 55-65 days;
• eggplant - 50-60 days.

The receipt of seedlings depends on the preparation of the seed material: - treatment with growth substances, sowing with seed or dry seeds, etc. On average, seed germination time is:

• tomatoes - 4-8 days;
• sweet pepper - 12-14 days;
• eggplant - 10-12 days;
• white cabbage - 4-6 days.

Seedlings of cabbage. © hmle2217

It is possible to get a harvest in a predetermined time, as well as to prolong the fruiting of the culture. To do this, sowing seeds is carried out in several stages, with a gap (depending on the culture) in 8-12-15 days. To get a very early harvest, we select early ripening variety and we sow it as early as possible, providing all the required conditions (heat, watering, supplementary lighting, top dressing). There is a risk of losing seedlings from freezing, but a high-quality temporary shelter will help preserve seedlings and get a very early harvest.

Planting seedlings on a permanent basis significantly affects the time of sowing seeds for seedlings. If the seedlings are planted in open ground, then it is necessary to know as accurately as possible the onset of the spring frost-free period. For middle band Russia (area Moscow, Ufa, Chelyabinsk) this period is from 10.06. For the colder region, covering Perm, Yekaterinburg, the frost-free period starts from 15.06. At the level of Voronezh and Saratov, steadily warm weather is established from 1.05 and in the south (Rostov, Krasnodar) - from 10.04.

The steady warming will have a noticeable effect on the condition of the soil, it will begin to warm up. This is especially important when sowing in plastic greenhouses and greenhouses without constant heating. By the above dates, the soil for seedlings should warm up to +10 .. + 14 ° C in a 10-15 cm layer. In cold soil, it is better to delay sowing. Researchers engaged in the agricultural technology of vegetable crops believe that it is more rational to plant seedlings for a shorter period than overgrown ones.

According to the table. 3 we calculate the date of sowing seeds of early tomatoes for seedlings using the correction formula.

1. The date of planting seedlings in open ground for Moscow and the region is June 15.
2. The optimum seedling age is 50 days. According to the optimal parameters, the seedlings by this period should have 25-30 cm in height, 5-7 formed leaves, a stem diameter of at least 6-8 mm and 1-2 inflorescences with buds. If the seedlings have such indicators, but they are still only 44 days old, they can be planted in open ground with the above accepted indicators of soil readiness. If the soil has not yet warmed up and the weather is cold, then you can reduce watering and lower the temperature in the greenhouse (stop the growth of seedlings) or plant it in the ground, making a temporary shelter (for example, use a double layer of spandbond).
3. From the date of June 15, we subtract the age of the seedlings by counting down (50 days). We get the date April 27.
4. subtract the seed germination time (7 days). We get the date April 20.
5. Subtract the adaptation period if the seedlings are grown using picking (1 + 4 \u003d 5 days). We get the date April 15th.

Pepper seedlings. © Amy Urquhart

The calculated dates of sowing seeds for seedlings completely coincide with the data in Table. 1 (averaged parameters of sowing seeds obtained in long-term experiments), but are more accurate.

The responsible and long-awaited time for gardeners is approaching - growing seedlings cucumbers, tomatoes, other vegetables and flowers.

Very soon, the windowsills of the apartments will turn into plantations with seedlings. The main question of interest to gardeners and gardeners is when to sow vegetable seeds for seedlingshow to correctly calculate the sowing time.

Experienced gardeners know and know how to correctly determine the sowing time. But there are more and more new types and hybrids of vegetable crops that you want to grow.

The time for sowing seeds for seedlings can vary considerably even for varieties of the same crop. It is almost impossible to name the optimal sowing time, but it can be calculated, and with great accuracy.

To calculate the sowing time, you need to know:

The length of the growing season for a particular crop;
The optimal age of seedlings for planting in open ground;
How heat demanding the plants are;
In what conditions the culture will be grown (greenhouse, greenhouse, open ground);
Seed germination period;
Weather conditions in your region;
Desired harvest time.

We will collect all these elements in our future formula for calculating the timing of growing seedlings.

Length of the growing season

This is the time from the moment the shoots emerge, the formation of the plant until the harvest. The duration of each crop is different, therefore, crops with a long growing season are grown in seedlings, otherwise the plants simply will not have time to yield.

The length of the growing season is different for different varieties of the same plant. Therefore, the varieties are divided into early ripening, mid-ripening and late.

Seed packages usually indicate duration of the growing season in days... This figure is what we need.

For the most popular vegetable crops, remember the average growing season data:

Tomatoes 80 - 140 days

Eggplant 100 - 150 days

Sweet pepper 90 - 140 days

White cabbage 50 - 100 days

The range is very large, for example, late varieties of tomatoes are sown in February, early varieties in March-April.

The optimal age for transplanting seedlings

Each crop has its own age for picking, transplanting and planting in open ground. This is the optimal age when young seedlings easily tolerate such a serious procedure, get sick less and take root faster. Therefore, calculate the sowing time correctly so that at the time of transplanting the seedlings are of a suitable age.

Early ripe tomatoes - 40-50 days

Mid-season tomatoes - 55-60 days

Late-ripening tomatoes - 70 days

Bell pepper - 50-65 days

Eggplant - 45-60 days

These are indicative figures, it all depends on the length of the growing season.

Heat for seedlings

Seedling vegetables are very heat demanding. An exception is cabbage, it can withstand a relative decrease in temperature. This indicator will affect the timing of planting seedlings in open ground.

They are planted in the ground when the probability of frost has passed. Today there are varieties of tomatoes and peppers bred by breeders for the northern regions, they are less demanding on heat.

Conditions for growing crops

In our formula, this is the most important variable, because plants planted in a greenhouse and in open ground differ significantly in terms. For example, tomato seedlings are planted in a greenhouse without heating in early May, and in open ground in the first decade of June.

therefore sowing seedlings in a greenhouse you can do it already in February, and for open ground not earlier than the end of March.

Of course, when growing in a greenhouse, much depends on the type of the greenhouse itself, the material with which it is covered, and the presence of heating. When grown outdoors, it all depends on the weather conditions.

Desired harvest time

This parameter is relative, because by changing the timing of sowing seeds, we adjust the yield. By sowing in several stages, you can prolong the fruiting of vegetable crops by getting seedlings of different ages.

It is necessary to plant such seedlings in the ground in stages.

Seed germination time

This is often overlooked, but it is an important parameter. For some types of vegetable crops, the time from sowing to germination is 10-15 days. Therefore, always consider the seed germination time. And not always everything depends only on the quality of the seeds themselves, but also on the conditions created - temperature, humidity, planting depth.

Table of sowing dates for the seeds of the main vegetable crops

Seed preparation and treatment accelerates the germination process, seedlings appear together. Dry and soaked seeds germinate in different ways.

Average germination rates for main crops:

Tomatoes 4-6 days

Bell pepper 12-15 days

Eggplant 8-10

White cabbage 4-5 days

Climatic conditions

This is a key factor in the sowing time formula. It is easier to use V.I.Kuznetsov's scheme, which is based on two main terms:

Cold sowing time - the time of planting cold-resistant crops and early maturing varieties of cabbage in open ground, and planting in closed ground (greenhouses and hotbeds) of thermophilic cucumbers, peppers, tomatoes, eggplants.

Warm sowing time - the time when it is possible to sow and plant seedlings of heat-loving crops in open ground.

The cold sowing period is determined by the physical ripeness of the soil (a certain temperature and humidity).

During the day, the soil temperature at a depth of 8 cm should be +8 degrees, which can be measured with an ordinary thermometer. If you don't want to dig and measure with a thermometer, watch the birch. The appearance of the first leaves is a sign that the temperature is at the level we need.

Well, those who sow and plant by lunar calendar, will find the dates you want to match the moon.

When to plant seedlings. Planting dates for garden plants

When to plant what seedlings? Seedling growing calendar

The optimal time for landing is when the moon is below the horizon, that is, it has not yet risen or has already set, avoiding in particular the rising and setting of the moon.

For getting the best harvest sow seeds in the ground during the growing moon - from new moon to full moon, preferably closer to the new moon. But not on the new moon: at this time, the seeds have a minimum of vitality, they may not germinate. Long germinating seeds can be sown two days before the new moon.

The period two days before the new moon and seven days after the new moon is the best for sowing seeds that germinate and germinate very quickly or for a very long time. 3rd quarter of the moon - best time for sowing seeds that germinate and germinate for a moderately long time.

Most good harvest you will get roots if you plant on the waning moon or two days before the full moon.

Any crop intended for storage is best harvested during the waning moon and on those days when the moon is in one of the "unproductive" signs of the zodiac.

It is best to dig up potatoes on the waning moon, closer to the new moon and when it is in Aries, Gemini, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius. It is permissible when the Moon is in Leo, Virgo. Scorpio, Cancer, Pisces - potatoes are poorly stored and tasteless.

Among the productive signs of the zodiac, "wet" are noted, when plants most actively absorb water and accumulate it in the green parts. These are Cancer, Libra, Scorpio, Pisces. When the Moon is in these signs, watering is most effective. But harvesting grown products for future use (canning, pickling, pickling, drying, harvesting juices and wine) is effective when the moon is growing, when it passes the signs of Capricorn, Scorpio, Taurus. Less effective, but acceptable - with Gemini, Aries, Leo, Sagittarius, Pisces, Cancer, Virgo. Highly not recommended - with the Moon in Aquarius.

Planting calendar of seedlings of garden crops

Culture	Sowing seedlings
Anise		25.4-15.5
Basil	15.3-10.4	10.5-10.6
Eggplant	10.2-15.3	5-25.5 (may need to cover)
Beans		10.4-15.5 (may need cover)
Swede	20.4-5.5	20.4-15.6 (grown in both seedling and non-seedling methods)
Peas		15.4-5.7 (provided that the soil warms up over 6 degrees)
Mustard leaf		10.4-10.8
Melon	1-15.4	10-30.5 (provided that the soil warms up over 15 degrees)
Strawberry	1.2-1.4	15.7-5.9
Zucchini, zucchini	25.4-15.5
White cabbage early	1-15.3	15.4-10.5
Red cabbage	15.4-5.5	20.5-25.6
White cabbage late	25.3-15.4	10-25.5
Broccoli	1.3-25.5	25.4 (may need cover) -30.6
Brussels sprouts	25.3-25.4	15.5-15.6
Kohlrabi cabbage	1.3-15.7	5.4 (may need to cover) -20.8
Kohlrabi cabbage for storage	20.5-10.6	20.6-10.7
Collard greens	10.5-30.6	10.6-30.7
Cauliflower	1.3-15.6	25.4 (may need to cover) -25.7
Early potatoes		20-30.4 (provided that the soil warms up over 9 degrees)
Potatoes	1-10.4	8-20.5
Cilantro		20.4-10.8
Watercress		10.4 (may need to cover) -10.9
Bulb onions, from seeds	1-30.3	15.4-10.5
Onion		15.4-15.7 and up to 10.9
Leek	10.3-5.4	1-30.5
Shallot		from 15.4 (may be required) until October
Marjoram	20.3-10.4	15.5-15.6
Melissa	5.3-10.4	20.4-20.5
Early carrots		10.4 (may need to cover) - 5.8
Late carrots for storage		20.5-5.6
Peppermint	march	April (as well as autumn)
Cucumbers, greenhouse	5-30.4	1-25.5 (subject to soil warming up to 12 degrees)
Cucumbers, open ground	1-15.5	20.5 (you may need to cover: provided that the soil warms up over 12 degrees
Parsnip		10.4 (may need cover) -25.4
Patissons	20.4-10.5	20.5-10.6 (provided that the soil warms up over 11 degrees)

Culture	Sowing seedlings	Planting (or sowing) in open ground
Sweet pepper	10.2-15.3	5-25.5
Parsley	march	April and (or) October
Rhubarb	10.4-10.5	1-15.9
Radish		10.4-25.5
Late radish for storage		25.7-10.8
Radish, spring-summer varieties		25.4-20.5
Radish, summer-autumn varieties		10.6-10.7
Turnip		20.4 (may need to cover) -10.5
Turnip storage		5-20.7
Head salad	15.3-20.7	10.4 (may need cover) -20.8
Leaf salad	15.3-20.7	10.4 (may need cover) - 20.8
Beetroot	10-25.4	20.4 (may need to be covered; provided the soil warms up to 8 degrees) - 20.6
Beetroot storage		10-15.5
Celery rhizome	5-20.2	25.4-10.5
Leaf celery	1.3-15.4	1.5-10.6
Asparagus	25.2-10.6	1.5-10.7
Caraway		April or October
Early tomatoes	10-25.4	25.5-10.6
Pickled tomatoes		20.5-10.6
Jerusalem artichoke		April
Common pumpkin	5.5-25.5	25.5-15.6 (provided that the soil warms up over 11 degrees)
Pumpkin nutmeg	10-30.5	1-15.6 (provided that the soil warms up over 13 degrees)
Dill		1.4-31.7
Winter dill		15.10-30.11
Beans for grain	20.4-20.5	15.5-15.6
Beans tall, curly		20-30.5
Horseradish		April
Winter garlic		10.9-5.10 (provided that the soil warms up to + 4 degrees)
Spring garlic		17.4-15.5
Sorrel		April to July
Spinach	20-30.3	10.4 (may need to cover) - 20.7
Endive	march	1-15.6
Tarragon	10.2-5.5	5.4-30.6