Tomatoes are from South America, so when growing tomato seedlings at home, you need relatively dry air, a lot of light and heat. In this article, we will take a closer look at how to properly plant and care for young seedlings.

The correct choice of variety Before you start growing tomato seedlings, you need to decide on the choice of varieties. Before planting seeds, you need to decide which varieties will be grown and where. It is fundamentally important to know whether tomatoes will grow outdoors or in a greenhouse. According to the method of growth, all varieties are divided into indeterminate, semi-determinant and determinant. This feature is indicated on the seed bag and is decisive for growing plants in open or protected ground. Indeterminate tomatoes have unlimited growth and, if not pinched, can grow up to several meters. In the south, they can be grown in a greenhouse or outdoors on a trellis, or tied to high stakes. IN middle lane, Siberia, Far East these tomatoes are grown only in greenhouses, tied vertically. Their first brush is laid after 9-10 leaves, the next ones - after 3 leaves. The fruiting period is long, but comes later than in other types. Semi-determinant varieties and hybrids... Tomatoes stop growing after 9-12 inflorescences are laid. They tend to set a large number of fruits to the detriment of roots and leaves, and, when overloaded with crops, tomatoes may stop growing long before the formation of the 9th cluster. Flower brushes are laid through 2 leaves. In the south, they are grown mainly in open ground, in the middle lane, they can be planted both in a greenhouse and on the street. Determinant tomatoes are undersized plants. They are designed to land in open ground... Their growth is limited, they lay 3-6 brushes, the tip of the shoot ends with a flower brush and the bush does not grow upward anymore. The first brush in this type is laid after 6-7 leaves. These are early ripe tomatoes, but their yield is lower than that of the indeterminate type. However, significant differences in the yield of varieties are noticeable only in the south. In the middle lane and to the north, the difference is minimal, since the indents do not have time to reveal their full potential. Should I choose a hybrid or a variety? Variety are plants that can retain their characteristics for many generations when grown from seeds. Hybrid are plants obtained by special pollination. They retain their traits only in one generation; when grown from seeds, their traits are lost. Any plant hybrids are designated F1. Sign Varieties Hybrids Heredity Varietal traits are passed on to subsequent generations Traits are not transmitted and are a feature of one generation per growing season Germination 75-85% Excellent (95-100%) Fruit size Fruits are larger than those of hybrids, but can vary significantly in weight Fruits are smaller, but aligned Yield May fluctuate from year to year High yield at proper care... Usually higher than varieties Disease resistance Susceptible to various diseases, some of which can be inherited More resistant, less affected by diseases Weather Better tolerate temperature changes Temperature fluctuations tolerate much worse varieties. With sudden and strong changes in temperature, they may die Conditions of detention Less demanding on soil fertility and temperature Requires more fertile soil and higher temperatures for fruiting Top dressing Needed regularly For good fruiting, the dose should be higher than for varieties Watering Can tolerate short-term drought or waterlogging well Very poorly tolerate both lack and excess of moisture Taste Each variety has its own flavor. Less pronounced. All hybrids taste inferior to varieties The cooler the summer in the region, the more difficult it is to grow hybrids. In these regions, varieties should be preferred. Also, if in the future there is a desire to grow a crop from their own seeds, then they make a choice in favor of the variety. If the goal is to get the maximum amount of products, and the weather conditions in the region allow it, then it is preferable to grow hybrids. Dates of sowing seeds for seedlings The timing of sowing seeds for seedlings depends on the early maturity. First of all, the timing of planting tomatoes in the ground is determined and counted from this date required amount days - the time for sowing seeds is obtained. For mid-season varieties, the age of tomato seedlings before planting in the ground should be at least 65-75 days. You can plant them in a greenhouse at the end of May, and in open ground, when the threat of frost has passed, that is, in the first decade of June (for the middle lane). If we also add the period from sowing to germination (7-10 days), then sowing must be 70-80 days before planting in the ground. In the middle lane, the sowing period of mid-season varieties is the first decade of March. However, it is unprofitable to grow mid-season varieties in the northern and central regions: they will not have time to fully reveal their potential, the yield will be small. Mid-season and late tomatoes are suitable only for the southern regions of the country. Seedlings of early ripe tomatoes are planted in the ground at the age of 60-65 days. Therefore, the seeds are sown after March 20. They are suitable for all regions of the country. It is not necessary to sow tomatoes too early for seedlings. They are strongly stretched and weakened during early sowing in conditions of a lack of light. In poor light during the seedling season, flower clusters are laid later, and the yield is lower. If the soil in the greenhouse has warmed up, then early-ripening tomatoes for closed ground can be sown directly into the greenhouse in early May and grown without picking. When grown without seedlings, tomatoes begin to bear fruit 1-2 weeks earlier than seedlings. Soil preparation For growing tomato seedlings, it is better to prepare the soil yourself. The soil should be loose, nutritious, water and air permeable, should not be crusty and compacted after watering, be free of pathogens, pests and weed seeds. For seedlings, a mixture of peat and sand is made up in a ratio of 1: 0.5. For each bucket of land obtained, it is advisable to add a liter can of ash. Peat has a sour reaction, and tomatoes for good growth a neutral environment is needed. Ash just neutralizes excess acidity. Another option for an earthen mixture is sod land, humus, sand in a ratio of 1: 2: 3, instead of sand, you can take high-moor peat. In the garden soil, after special processing, you can also grow healthy seedlings tomatoes, the main thing is that it does not contain the spores of diseases and hibernating pests. But, since it is too compacted in containers, sand or peat is added to loosen it. They take land from under plantings of legumes, melons, greens, siderates. You cannot use the soil from greenhouses, after nightshades. If the earth is acidic in the country, then ash must be added (1 liter / bucket). It is better to use garden soil for preparing soil mixtures. Purchased soils contain a lot of fertilizers, which is not always good for seedlings. If there are no other options, then the store land is diluted with sand, garden or turf soil. Peat is not added to the purchased soil, since it itself, most often, consists only of peat. The soil mixture is best prepared in the fall. If the moment is missed, and there is no place to take the soil, then you will have to buy several types of soil from different manufacturers and mix them in equal proportions, or add soil from flower pots to the purchased land. But this is the worst option when growing seedlings. Soil treatment After preparing the mixture, the land is compulsorily cultivated to destroy pests, diseases, and weed seeds. The soil can be processed using various methods: freezing; steaming; by calcining; disinfection. Freezing... The finished soil is taken out in the cold for several days, so that it freezes. Then they bring it into the house and let it thaw. The procedure is repeated several times. It is desirable that the outside frost be at least -8 -10 ° C at this time. Steaming... The earth is heated for an hour in a boiling water bath. If the soil is purchased, then the sealed bag is placed in a bucket of hot water, covered with a lid and kept until the water cools down. Calcination... The earth is calcined in an oven preheated to 100 ° C for 40-50 minutes. Disinfection... The earth is watered with a strong solution of potassium permanganate, dissolved in hot water. Then cover with foil and leave for 2-3 days. Preparing tomato seeds for sowing If the bag says that the seeds are processed, then they do not need additional processing. The rest of the seed must be processed. First of all, calibration is carried out. The seeds are dipped in a glass of water and wait 3-5 minutes until they get wet. Then the floating seeds are thrown away, they are unsuitable for sowing, since the embryo died, therefore they became lighter than water. The rest are soaked for 2 hours in a solution of potassium permanganate. For processing, the seeds can be soaked in water heated to 53 ° C for 20 minutes. This temperature kills disease spores, but does not affect the embryo. Then the hot water is drained, the seeds are slightly dried and sown immediately. For early germination, the seed is soaked. It is wrapped in cotton cloth or paper napkin, moistened with water, placed in a plastic bag and placed on a battery. Processed seeds should also be soaked. As practice shows, they sprout faster than without soaking, and the protective effect from processing remains quite high. Many process planting material with growth stimulants. But in this case, all the seeds sprout together, including the weak ones. In the future, a large percentage of rejection of weak plants is obtained. Therefore, it is better to treat bad seeds with stimulants (with an expiring expiration date, overdried, etc.), just soak the rest in water. Sowing seeds When the seeds hatch, sowing is done. You should not wait for the seedling to be larger, when tightening with sowing, long shoots break off. Tomatoes are sown in shallow boxes, filling them with soil by 3/4. The ground is slightly crushed. Seeds are laid out at a distance of 2 cm from each other. Sprinkle with dry earth on top. If the soil is not crushed or the crops are covered with moist soil, the seeds will go deep into the soil and will not germinate. You can sow 2 seeds in separate containers, if both sprout, then they are planted when picking. Varietal tomatoes and hybrids are sown in different containers, since they have different germination conditions. The boxes are covered with foil or glass and placed on the battery until germination. Seed germination timing The timing of the emergence of seedlings depends on the temperature. Seeds of varieties germinate at a temperature of 24-26 ° С after 6-8 days At 20-23 ° C - after 7-10 days At 28-30 ° C - in 4-5 days. They can rise at 18 ° C in 8-12 days. The optimum germination temperature for varietal tomatoes is 22-25 ° C. The germination of hybrids is much better, but often they do not germinate well at home. For good germination, they need a temperature of + 28-30 ° C. + 24 ° С - it is COLD for them, they will germinate for a long time and not all will ascend. Weak seeds emerge later than others; they usually have a seed coat on them. Therefore, seedlings that appeared later than 5 days after the main group are removed, they will not have a good harvest. Tomato seedling care To grow good seedlings tomatoes, you need to monitor the following parameters: temperature; shine; moisture. Temperature As soon as shoots appear, the film is removed and the boxes are placed in a bright and cool place with a temperature of + 14-16 ° C. In the first 10-14 days, the seedlings grow roots, and the aerial part practically does not develop. This is a peculiarity of tomatoes and you don't need to do anything here. After the allotted time, the seedlings will begin to grow. As soon as growth begins, the daytime temperature is increased to 20 ° C, and the nighttime temperature is maintained at the same level (15-17 ° C). After germination, hybrids need a higher temperature (+ 18-19 °). If they are placed in the same conditions as varietal tomatoes, then they will wither and not grow. After 2 weeks, they also need to increase the daytime temperature to 20-22 ° C. If this is not possible, the hybrids will develop more slowly, the first flower cluster will appear later and the yield will be lower. In general, for growing hybrids, you need to take the warmest windowsill, take care of them better than the rest of the seedlings, only then they will give a full harvest. On warm days, the seedlings are taken out onto the balcony, and at night the vents are opened to reduce the temperature. Whoever has the opportunity, on sunny days, tomatoes are put in a greenhouse if the temperature there is not lower than + 15-17 ° C. Such temperatures harden plants well, make them stronger, and, in the future, their yield is higher. Lighting Tomato seedlings must be highlighted, especially late varieties that are sown earlier. The lighting period should be at least 14 hours a day. With a lack of light, the seedlings are strongly stretched, becoming long and fragile. In cloudy weather, the supplementary lighting of plants is increased by 1-2 hours compared to sunny days, and the temperature is reduced to 13-14 ° C, otherwise the tomatoes are strongly stretched. Watering Water the tomatoes very sparingly. Watering is carried out as the soil dries up and only with settled water. Unsteady tap water forms a bacterial-calcareous coating on the soil, which tomatoes do not like very much. On initial stage each plant needs only 1 teaspoon of water, as it grows, watering is increased. The soil in the seedling box should be neither too wet nor too dry. It is necessary to water abundantly so that the soil is sufficiently saturated with moisture, and the next watering is carried out only after the earthen coma has dried. Usually tomatoes are watered no more than 1 time a week, but here they are guided by individual growing conditions. If the plants have withered, then they need to be watered without waiting for a week to pass. Waterlogging, combined with high temperature and poor light, causes a strong pulling of tomatoes. Seedling picking When 2-3 true leaves appear in tomato seedlings, a pick is carried out. For picking, prepare pots with a volume of at least 1 liter, fill them with 3/4 of earth, watered and compacted. They make a deepening, dig out the seedling with a teaspoon and plant it in a pot. When picking, tomatoes are planted a little deeper than they grew earlier, sprinkling the stem with earth until the cotyledon leaves. Strongly elongated seedlings are covered up to the first true leaves. Seedlings are held by the leaves, if you hold it by a thin stalk, it will break. Tomatoes tolerate picking well. If the sucking roots are damaged, they quickly recover and grow thicker. Do not allow the roots to bend upwards, otherwise the seedlings will develop poorly. After the pick, the ground is well watered, and the tomatoes themselves are shaded for 1-2 days so that the evaporation of water by the leaves is less intense. How to feed tomato seedlings Top dressing is carried out 5-7 days after the pick. Previously, top dressing is not recommended, since the soil was filled with ash, which contains all the necessary elements for seed growth. If the seedlings are grown on a purchased soil mixture, then feeding is all the more unnecessary. After 14-16 days from germination, tomatoes begin to actively grow leaves, and at this time they need to be fed. Top dressing should contain not only nitrogen, but also phosphorus and trace elements, so it is advisable to use a universal fertilizer. During this period, you can feed tomatoes with fertilizer for indoor plants. It gives excellent results. You cannot feed tomato seedlings with nitrogen alone. First, it is difficult to calculate the required dose for relatively small plants. Secondly, nitrogen causes increased growth, which, with a limited volume of land and in conditions of a lack of light, leads to a strong stretching and thinning of plants. Subsequent feeding is carried out in 12-14 days. Seedlings of late and mid-season varieties are fed 3-4 times before planting in the ground. Early maturing varieties are enough 1, maximum two dressings. For hybrids, the number of dressings is increased by 2 for each type of seedling. If the land is purchased, then it is sufficiently filled with fertilizers and feeding when growing tomatoes on such soils is not carried out. The exception is hybrids. They consume nutrients more intensively and before planting it is necessary to carry out 1-2 additional fertilizing, in whatever soil they are grown. Seedling care after picking After picking, the seedlings are placed on the windowsills as freely as possible. If she is cramped, then she develops poorly. In densely spaced seedlings, illumination decreases and it stretches. 2 weeks before planting tomatoes, they are hardened To do this, seedlings, even on cold days (temperatures not lower than 11-12 ° C), are taken out to the balcony or open air At night, the temperature is reduced to 13-15 ° C. To harden the hybrids, the temperature should be 2-3 ° C higher, it is gradually reduced. For tempering, pots with hybrids are first placed close to the glass itself, where the temperature is always lower. After a few days, if the batteries are regulated, they are closed for a few hours; if not regulated, then open a balcony or a window. At the final stage of hardening, the seedlings of the hybrids are taken out to the balcony for the whole day. If tomato seedlings cannot be taken out onto the balcony, then they are daily sprayed with cold water to harden them. The main reasons for failure Tomato seedlings are strongly stretched. There are several reasons: not enough light, early planting, excess nitrogen fertilizers. Seedlings are always pulled out when there is a lack of light. It needs to be supplemented. If this is not possible, then a mirror or foil is placed behind the seedlings, then the illumination of the tomatoes greatly increases, and they stretch less. There is no need to feed the tomatoes with nitrogen, this causes the rapid growth of tops, and in conditions of insufficient illumination (and there is always not enough light in the room, no matter how you light up the seedlings), they stretch out strongly. Sowing seeds too early. Even normally developing seedlings are stretched out with early sowing. After 60-70 days, the plants become cramped in pots and containers, they need to develop further, and in conditions of limited feeding area and cramped space on the windowsill, they have one way out - to grow up. All these factors, both individually and together, cause the seedlings to stretch. Tomatoes stretch even more if excessive watering is added and heat seedling maintenance. Seeds don't sprout. If the seed is of good quality, then there are no shoots due to the low soil temperature. This is especially important for hybrids. They germinate at a temperature of 28-30 ° C. Therefore, to accelerate the emergence of seedlings, containers with sown tomatoes are placed on a battery. Tomatoes do not grow well. They are too cold. For varietal tomatoes for normal growth, a temperature of 18-20 ° is required, for hybrids - 22-23 ° C. Hybrids can grow at 20 ° C, but more slowly, and, accordingly, later enter fruiting. Yellowing of the leaves. Usually the leaves turn yellow in crowded tomatoes. When the seedlings are large, they do not have enough light on a cramped windowsill, and the plants shed excess leaves. In such conditions, all attention is paid to the top of the stem, the bushes are trying to outgrow their competitors in order to have more comfortable conditions. When the leaves turn yellow, the seedlings are arranged more freely and the air temperature is reduced. If the leaves are small, turn yellow, and the veins remain green or slightly reddish, this is a lack of nitrogen. Give a complete feeding mineral fertilizer... You do not need to feed with nitrogen alone, otherwise the tomatoes will stretch out. Limiting the area of \u200b\u200bfood. Tomatoes are already cramped in the container, the roots have braided the entire earthen lump and further growth stops. Transplant the seedlings into a larger pot. Curly leaves... Sharp and significant temperature changes. When growing tomatoes, a sharp increase in air temperature must be avoided. Seedling feeding area is limited and roots cannot support all leaves in hot weather. The same thing happens with a sharp cold snap, but this is much less common at home. Blackleg. Frequent disease of tomato seedlings. It affects all types of plants. The disease spreads rapidly and in a short time can destroy all seedlings. The stalk at the soil level turns black, becomes thinner, dries up, the plant falls and dies. Infected plants are removed immediately. The soil is watered with a pink solution of potassium permanganate, Fitosporin, Alirin. After that, the tomatoes do not need to be watered for a week, the soil should dry out. Growing seedlings at home is troublesome, but otherwise collect good harvest will fail, especially in the northern regions and the middle lane.

In winter, many owners of personal plots and dachas begin to stock up on planting material for various vegetables and ask themselves the question - when to plant seeds of peppers, eggplant, cucumbers and tomatoes for seedlings? We talked about the timing and rules for planting peppers in a separate article, which can be read by following this. Here you can learn how and when to sow tomato seeds in 2019, in order to grow and get a good harvest as a result.

Tomatoes are a very popular product that only very lazy or busy summer residents do not grow in their garden. Since the heat-loving culture grows for a long time, it is grown in seedlings. It should take about sixty days from germination to planting in the garden. The timing of planting tomato seeds depends on this:

• greenhouse varieties sowing should be in late February - early March;
• open field tomatoes are planted no earlier than the end of February, since overgrown plants take root worse.

Also, the timing of planting tomatoes depends on the weather conditions of the region. If in areas with a warm climate, tomatoes are planted in a permanent place already in April and May, then seeds can also be sown for seedlings in February. In Siberia and the Urals, there are frosts at the end of May, so it is recommended to sow seeds in March or even April.

We must not forget that different varieties have different term development, therefore, when buying seeds, you need to pay attention to this:

• varieties of large tomatoes usually late ripening, so they should be planted after February 20th or early March;
• undersized varieties for greenhouses - from early to mid-April;
• tall plants for indoor (greenhouses, hotbeds) - at the end of March;
• early tomatoesthat will be planted in a greenhouse or greenhouse - in the second half of March;
• early varieties for open ground - in the beginning of April.

When to plant tomatoes for seedlings in 2019?

Like other plants that give ground crops, tomatoes are planted when the moon is growing.

Favorable days for planting tomatoes for seedlings in 2019 will be:

• january - 15.16.18;
• february - from 6 to 8, 11, 13 and 16;
• march - 10, 11, 12, 14, 15.16. 19, 20;
• april - 8, 11, 18;
• may - 9, 15, 17, 18;
• june: 5, 11, 12, 13, 15.

In the northern regions, Siberia and the Urals, where tomatoes are planted mainly in April, there are practically no favorable days for this, therefore it is recommended to choose a day along the zodiacal circle with a growing moon and plant tomatoes from April 7 to 17.

Growing tomato seedlings at home

To get healthy and strong seedlings in spring, before sowing seeds, you must prepare:

1. Seedling containers in the form of boxes, plastic containers, peat tablets, disposable cups or cassettes with a pallet.
2. A suitable potting mix.
3. Seeds that may need to be processed before sowing.

Soil preparation

For a tomato, you should choose a soil consisting of turf soil, humus (1: 1) and a small amount of peat or sawdust. Today, many specialty stores sell potting mixes for planting tomatoes, so you do not need to prepare the substrate yourself. But if possible, the soil can be prepared independently from the above components or from garden soil, sand and black soil (1: 1: 1), to which a little vermiculite is added. The finished soil for tomatoes should have a pH between 5.5 and 6.0.

Any soil mixture can contain spores of fungi and larvae of pests, therefore, it should be disinfected before use. To do this, everyone uses their own way. Here are some of them:

• shed with a bright pink solution of potassium permanganate;
• place in the microwave and warm up at full power for two minutes;
• pour onto a baking sheet and heat in the oven for 15 minutes at a temperature of 200 degrees;
• put the soil in a well-sealed bag in a container with hot water (+ 60 ... + 70 degrees), cover with a lid and leave until the water has completely cooled.

The treated soil should be moistened and kept in a warm room for two weeks. During this time, bacteria useful for the growth and development of plants will multiply in it.

Seed treatment

Today, in stores, in most cases, already processed planting material is sold. Seeds purchased on the market or self-collected before sowing should be treated in one of the following ways:

1. For 20 minutes, place in 15 potassium permanganate solution, previously wrapped in gauze.
2. Hold for one or two hours in Fitosporin solution (1 drop of the drug per 100 ml of water).
3. Soak for a day in a soda solution (1 gram of soda per 200 ml of water).
4. For a day, two sludge soak in squeezed from leaves or a solution of aloe juice with water purchased from a pharmacy. Aloe juice and water are taken in equal amounts and mixed. If the juice that is squeezed from a home flower is used, then it should be kept in the refrigerator for 5 days beforehand. Plants obtained from seeds treated in this way will have high fruit quality, good yield and resistance to various diseases.

Planting tomato seedlings - photo

If boxes or containers were chosen for sowing seeds, then they are filled with moist soil, in which small holes are made with a pencil or stick at a distance of about 3-4 cm from each other. A seed is placed in each hole, which are then sprinkled with soil and moistened with warm water from a spray bottle.

Seedling containers are covered from above cling film, a transparent plastic bag or glass and placed in a warm place with an air temperature of +25 to +30 degrees.

To prevent the soil from becoming moldy, it must be ventilated every day by lifting the film for this. As it dries, the soil is moistened with a spray bottle.

Seedling care

The germination time depends on the variety of tomatoes, the quality of the seeds and the conditions of the crops. The first seedlings may appear in 3-4 days. So that they do not stretch out, the seedling containers are placed in a bright place. The film can be removed after all the shoots have appeared. The air temperature for young plants during the day should be within +20 degrees, and at night from +16 to +18 degrees. It is necessary to ensure that the seedlings do not stand in a draft.

Caring for tomato seedlings consists in performing the following procedures:

1. Watering... Seedlings should be moistened regularly, but carefully, only after the soil has dried. Seedlings growing in permanently damp soil can easily rot and die. For irrigation, use warm, settled water.
2. Backlight. If the lighting is not enough for the tomato bushes, they will begin to stretch. Therefore, if necessary, they should be provided with twelve hours of daylight hours, using for this additional source Sveta.
3. Top dressing... Well-growing and developing plants with a thick trunk do not need to be fed. If poor land was used for planting tomatoes, and they grow poorly, then you can feed the plants with Kornerost or Agricola. Fertilizers should be applied when 1-2 true leaves appear at the seedlings. Before use, a teaspoon of top dressing is diluted in one liter of water.
4. Picking... Tomatoes are not afraid of transplanting, and new roots develop quickly on their trunks buried in the soil, so many gardeners dive seedlings once or even twice. The first pick is carried out when 2-3 true leaves appear at the seedlings. To do this, you need to prepare a separate glass with wet soil for tomatoes, dig out a bush with a fork or spatula, pinch the main root by a third of the earth and move it to a new container. The plants are buried to the cotyledons, sprinkled with soil mixture and watered. After picking the tomatoes, the air temperature should be 2-3 degrees higher than they grew before. When they take root in a new container, the temperature is lowered again.

After the pick, care for the seedlings remains the same as before. The bushes must be watered in a timely manner and provided with good lighting without direct sun rays... Since the transplant will be carried out in new soil, there is no point in feeding.

When to plant tomato seedlings?

When the threat of frost passes and warm weather sets in, tomato seedlings can be planted in open ground.

In the Krasnodar Territory and other warm areas, planting is done in early May. In Siberia, the Urals and the North, tomato seedlings are planted in open ground no earlier than late May - early June. Greenhouse varieties should be planted under the film two weeks earlier.

For 10-14 days before planting, the plants are hardened, for which they are taken out on warm days to a plot or an open balcony.

It is recommended to plant tomatoes after beets, carrots, green onions, cabbage, turnips, squash, zucchini, cucumbers, pumpkin, cabbage, green manure. You cannot plant tomatoes in the beds where tomatoes, peas, physalis, eggplants, peppers, potatoes grew last year.

Proper planting, care and observance of crop rotation will guarantee a good harvest of tasty and healthy tomatoes that can be eaten fresh and pickled for the winter. And about when and how to plant and grow and, you can find out if you follow the highlighted links.

When growing seedlings at home determining the exact time of sowing seeds is of great importance, otherwise, by the time the tomatoes are planted in the ground, the seedling material will be either still immature or already overgrown.

When to plant tomatoes depends on latitude and weather conditions. Therefore, most often:

• in the southern regions of Russia tomatoes are sown from February 20 to March 15;
• in the central regions - from March 15 to April 1;
• in the northern regions (Siberia, Ural) - from 1 to 15 April.

If tomato seedlings are planned to be planted in a greenhouse, then the sowing time can be shifted by 2 - 3 weeks.

Before sowing seeds, it is necessary to foresee where the seedlings will grow... It is better if these are window sills of the south or southwest windows. Perhaps, in bad weather conditions (constant cloudiness), additional illumination of seedlings will be required, so you should purchase a phytolamp.

Seed selection

The choice of seeds should be approached responsibly. It is advisable to purchase them in specialized stores or from sellers who have all the necessary documents to guarantee the quality of the goods. It is not worth buying on street trays or in crossings: such conditions for storing seeds are not up to standard ( temperature regime, humidity level, etc.).

Before going for seeds, you need to decide: which tomatoes should be bought (tall or short), which varieties to give preference to, how much seed you need. Naturally, all conclusions are drawn based on the characteristics personal plot or greenhouses (area, soil composition, etc.).

In the store, attention should be paid to the manufacturer, and most importantly, to the shelf life. Seeds that are over two years old are best not to buy... If there are no other options, then the seed will need to be carefully examined and low-quality rejected.

The following method will help to successfully cope with this task:

1. stir 30 - 40 grams of sodium chloride in 1 liter of water;
2. immerse the purchased seeds in the resulting solution for 10 minutes;
3. the seeds that have floated to the surface must be thrown away, and the drowned ones must be selected and washed with clean running water.

Culling must be carried out on the eve of sowing seeds in the ground.

Processing and preparation for disembarkation

Seed material from well-known manufacturers usually does not need additional processing, but seeds collected with your own hands or bought on the market should be disinfected first.

• This can be done by immersing them in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate (1 g per 100 ml of water) for 20 - 30 minutes; after the time has elapsed, the seeds must be rinsed with water.
• Another option: for a day, the seed is placed in a 0.5% soda solution (0.5 grams per 100 ml of water).
• You can treat the seeds with a solution of liquid Fitosporin (1 drop per 100 ml of water), keeping them in the liquid for 1 - 2 hours.

To increase the percentage of seed germination, they can be kept in a solution of a growth stimulator (Epin, Zircon, Heteroauxin, etc.); method of dilution and duration of the procedure - according to the instructions. Some gardeners use the folk method: immerse the seed in a solution of aloe juice (1: 1) or honey water (1 tsp per glass of water).

You can sow seeds dry and germinated., but the second option is preferable. For germination you will need:

• saucer;
• cloth, gauze, or paper towel.

1. The fabric is moistened, placed flat on a saucer, tomato seeds of the same variety are poured onto it and spread over the surface, the container is covered with a plastic lid or plastic bag and placed in a warm place for 10-12 hours.
2. Swollen seeds must be sown in the ground immediately.
3. You can keep them on a saucer for 3 to 5 days, in which case the seeds should germinate, and when planting, you must be extremely careful not to break fragile shoots.

The soil

The main component of the purchased substrate is peat., which has high acidity, therefore, experienced vegetable growers add to it garden soil or universal soil for flowers in a 1: 1 ratio, as well as dolomite flour or chalk (1 - 2 tablespoons per 10 liters of substrate).

Seedlings grown on the basis of land from their own garden, when transplanted into open ground, experience less stress, and, therefore, take root easier and faster.

For those wishing to prepare a potting mix with their own hands, the following options can be offered:

• Garden soil, peat, humus are mixed in equal parts, a little ash and complex fertilizer are added to the mixture.
• Peat, sod land, mullein (4: 1: 0.25). For every 10 liters of the mixture, 3 liters of coarse sand, 10 grams of ammonium nitrate, 1 - 1.5 grams of potassium chloride, 2 - 3 grams of superphosphate are added.
• Mix 1 part of humus, peat, sod land, adding 1.5 tbsp for every 10 liters of the mixture. ash, 3 tbsp. superphosphate, 1 tbsp. potassium sulfate and 1 tsp. urea.

Recommended soil acidity level - 5.5 - 6.0 pH... The earth must be decontaminated! For this purpose, the soil can be calcined in the oven (+ 180C - + 200C for 30 minutes), spilled with boiling water or a bright pink solution of potassium permanganate, treated with fungicides according to the instructions.

The soil is usually pre-treated, 10 to 12 days before the expected sowing date. After disinfection, the soil should be moistened and left at room temperature for beneficial microorganisms to multiply in it.

Choice of capacity

As a container for sowing seeds, you can use special cassettes, peat tablets or pots, as well as improvised means: plastic cups and containers for food products, shallow boxes, independently knocked out of planks or plywood. In any case, in all containers, drainage holes must be made at the bottom, which will ensure the drain of excess moisture.

The optimal height of the seedling boxes should be 8 - 10 centimeters... You should not give preference to overly bulky containers, since during the entire period of seedling growth, they will need to be rearranged from place to place several times.

Disposable containers do not need disinfection, and used containers should be wiped with alcohol before use.

How to sow?

In peat tablets

This method makes it possible to grow strong and healthy seedlings, bypassing the dive stage. When planted in open ground or in a greenhouse, the plant can be transplanted with the tablet.

Watch a useful video about growing tomato seedlings in peat tablets:

In a container or other container

The classic method of sowing, which provides for the stage of diving into separate containers.

1. A layer of drainage 0.5 cm thick (small stones, eggshells) should be poured onto the bottom.
2. Soil 8 - 10 cm thick is poured into the container, well moistened with warm water.
3. On the surface, grooves are made with a depth of 1 cm, the distance between them is 3 - 4 cm.
4. The seeds are spread out along the grooves at a distance of 1 - 2 cm, sprinkled with soil on top and moistened with a spray bottle.
5. The container must be covered with glass or a lid, then placed in a warm (+ 25C - + 30C) place.

We offer you to watch a video about growing tomato seedlings in the classical way:

Sowing in a "diaper"

This method will make it possible to save space: a large amount of seedling material can be grown in a relatively small area.

Watch a video about sowing tomato seedlings in a "diaper":

Of course, you can buy ready-made seedlings, but the taste of tomatoes grown from seeds with my own handsmuch sweeter and tastier.

If you find an error, please select a piece of text and press Ctrl + Enter.

After you have decided on the seeds of tomatoes and were able to buy for seedlings, according to your climatic zone, you can think about planting seeds. If you have prepared seeds for tomato seedlings obtained from the fruits of tomatoes with your own hands, then an example of planting and growing will help you.

How pleasant it is to pick up a tomato and even more pleasant to realize that you yourself planted its seeds in the ground, grew seedlings and then planted them in a real garden bed. With certain skills and experience, this is not so difficult.

Sowing tomato seeds for seedlings according to the lunar calendar 2018

All gardeners sow tomato seeds in different ways. It all depends on where you purchased them: bought in a store or collected from your own tomatoes.

If you bought them in a store in their original packaging, you can plant them dry or wet them and apply only hardening.

And when you make seeds with your own hands at home, then you need to calibrate, warm up, disinfect, treat with growth stimulants, and do hardening.

The timing of sowing seeds for tomato seedlings depends on the growing area. In the Urals, Siberia and central Russia, it is not necessary to sow before February 20. At an earlier date of sowing, the seedlings will be overgrown, weak. This will lead to the loss of a significant part of the crop.

Now we live in 2018 and according to the lunar calendar the landing (auspicious) days are:

• in February - 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 25, 26 and 28
• in March - 1, 20, 21, 24, 25, 26, 28
• in April - 17, 18, 21, 22, 27, 28
• in May - 18, 19, 24, 25, 26

Non-landing (unfavorable) days in 2018 are:

• in February - 2, 3, 9, 10, 15
• in March - 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16
• in April - 4, 5, 6, 14, 15, 16
• in May - 2, 3, 7, 8, 15

Sowing rules for tomatoes

For all events seedbed preparation seed takes 10 days. So, they need to start ten days before better day sowing according to the lunar calendar.

If you prefer to sow dry seeds, then do it two days before the best sowing day according to the lunar calendar to give the seeds time to swell and so that they begin biochemical process cell division.

The planting container (be it a wooden box, peat pots or plastic cups) should not be very deep - no more than 6-7 cm high. It must be filled with a well-moistened soil mixture, not reaching the upper edge of 2 cm.

Compact the soil with a tablespoon, add soil if necessary, compact again and spread the seeds over the soil at a distance of 1 x 1 cm.Pour dry soil 2 cm high on top and compact again with a spoon.

Cover the container with glass or plastic and put in a dark place.

At a temperature of 28-32 degrees, the seeds will sprout in 4-5 days, at 24-26 - in 6-8 days, at 20-23 - in 7-9 days. They will rise even at lower temperatures, but only after two weeks, or even later.

The best shoots are those that appear a week later at 25 degrees. The very first shoots do not mean the best. The best are those that sprout together, as a whole group. Plants that are much (4-5 days) behind the main group should be discarded immediately.

Weak plants emerge later, without shedding the seed coat, they have accrete cotyledons, the first true leaves are of irregular shape, they lag behind in growth and development from the rest. But if some of the seeds were sown a little deeper than the rest, they will sprout later.

And at the same time, a good, strong plant will not shed the shell from a seed that was sown too shallowly, or the soil was not compacted after sowing. Hence the conclusion:

The seeds must be sown at the same and required depth (from 1 to 2 cm), and the soil must be compacted after sowing.

After following these simple rules, weak plants can be easily discarded.

Dates of sowing seeds for tomato seedlings

Not all gardeners are guided by Moon calendar, so we will frankly discuss the timing of sowing for seedlings. It is known that the terms are different for different varieties and hybrids. For large-fruited tall tomatoes, the seedling age should be 60-75 days after germination. Given another 5-10 days for the emergence of these seedlings, the seeds should be sown about 70-80 days before planting the seedlings in the ground.

Don't sow too early. The seedlings will stretch out and may even bloom, these first flowers will still have to be cut off, because the plant does not yet have a sufficiently good root system.

For the regions of the Non-Black Earth Region and the North-West Region, you want to pick tomatoes in mid-July, and this will take about 150 days, then tall large-fruited tomatoes should be sown at the very end of February - early March. Then plant them in greenhouses in early to mid-May.

For small-fruited, early-ripening, undersized varieties, seedlings can be planted in greenhouses in mid-late May, and in the ground after the end of frost, in order to harvest in mid-July. For this, seedlings at the age of 60 days are best suited, and therefore the seeds can be sown on tomato seedlings at the end of March.

There are ultra-fast-growing tomatoes that are sown in open ground in a seedless way. However, in cold regions (Kaliningrad, Leningrad, Volgograd regions and others), you still have to grow them through seedlings. Sowing can be done in early April at home or directly in the greenhouse if biofuel is added or greenhouses are heated. And when they leave spring frosts, you can plant them in open ground.

And no matter what terms are discussed now, all the same, every knowledgeable gardener with experience of past years has its own terms of planting and seeds and seedlings. And the best thing is to keep your gardener's diary.

Preparing the soil (land) for tomato seedlings

In order for a solid tomato bush to grow from seeds specially selected according to all the rules, you need to take care of the land for seedlings in advance. It is best to prepare the earth for her in the fall.

If you have black soil in your garden, then mix it with sand, ash and humus and you will get a nutritious and light soil in which it will be easy for seeds to germinate. We mix black soil, humus and sand in the following ratios 2: 2: 1. Then we sift through a coarse sieve with cells of 6-9 mm.

If you do not have black soil or you are afraid to bring pests with the garden soil, then you can use ready-made peat mixtures. But they may lack nitrogen and phosphorus. You can make a soil mixture yourself using the same peat.

For each bucket of peat, take half a bucket of sand and a liter can of wood ash. Stir - done!

Instead of peat, you can use sphagnum moss, pine needles or sawdust. They must be taken in the same proportions with sand and ash as peat. Only sawdust and coniferous needles must first be poured with boiling water, cooled, drained, again filled with boiling water, cooled, drained and only then added sand and ash. When using fresh sawdust, it's a good idea to add 5 tbsp. spoons of any nitrogen fertilizer.

Such soil is good in that the organic component in it rotates slowly, and therefore, while the seedlings are growing, chemical composition the soil does not change, the temperature is approximately constant, and there are no pathogens and pest larvae in it.

In general, there are a lot of recipes for preparing land for tomato seedlings. Gardeners try, experiment, observe, write down and draw conclusions in their own way the best recipe soil mixture.

It is better to store the prepared soil in the cold - this will help to further disinfect it. Store it in a cold balcony or garage. The cold will not only kill microorganisms, but it will also help get rid of earthworms. They have no place in a box or pots for seedlings, they will simply eat the young roots of the plants.

Video on how to prepare the soil for sowing seeds for tomato seedlings

Containers for tomato seedlings (tomatoes)

As you already understood, it is more convenient to sow tomatoes with seeds first in a common container (box), and then transplant them into small cups and larger containers.

Their advantage is that one variety can be sown in one container.

Tomatoes easily tolerate transplanting and, in general, the more transplants, the stronger the plant. In tomatoes, the damaged root system is quickly restored and, when broken, the sucking hairs begin to grow even denser.

For growing seedlings, you can use various containers, in the bottom of which there are drainage holes. It is better not to use wooden containers, as it is difficult to remove pathogens from the tree.

Plastic trays or bowls work best. Someone uses kefir or milk sachets - they cut out the side wall and the seeding box is ready. Again, lactic acid bacteria can remain in such bags, which then move into the soil and mold will appear on its surface.

Therefore, it is better to use other available containers, for example, plastic rectangular boxes with lids for cookies, sweets, juice. Plastic or paper cups can be used. They need to be prepared in large quantities and do not forget to make 2-3 drainage holes with a diameter of 0.5 cm in the bottom of each.

You can buy a set of special pots with a removable bottom on a pallet. When transplanting, it will be easy to push the whole lump of earth with roots out of the pot by pressing your finger on the bottom. It turns out neat cubes of earth, braided by roots.

Considering a budget option, then you can dive the seedlings into plastic bags, where volume and shape is given with a stapler, make holes and put them tightly in any cardboard box covered with plastic wrap.

It all depends on your capabilities and imagination.

Why didn't tomato seeds sprout?

Popular wisdom says: Forewarned is forearmed! And one more thing: Knowledge is power!

The reasons for not germinating seeds on tomato seedlings can be different, and here are some of them:

1. Seed-borne infection. If the seeds were not disinfected before sowing, then pre-emergence damping of the sprouts may occur.
2. Infection brought in with seedlings.
3. Soil toxicity.
4. Soil overloaded with salts.
5. The soil is too dense.
6. Deep seeding. If, moreover, germination occurs at low temperatures, when the pre-emergence period is prolonged, there is a danger of intrasoil decay of seedlings.
7. Excessive hydration. Waterlogging of the soil in combination with a low temperature can lead to rotting seeds even at normal sowing depth.
8. Soil acidity.
9. Sowing seeds stored at low temperatures for a long time. When stored in the cold, seeds can enter a state of deep dormancy from which they are difficult to remove. Such seeds can sprout in 2-3 weeks or not at all.

In what containers to plant tomato seedlings - video

So, we prepared the soil for seeds for tomato seedlings, determined auspicious days for sowing, we recommended containers for growing seedlings and in the next article we will talk about caring for seedlings and how to grow them properly at home.

Similar articles

Disembarkation dates

Saplings are chosen strong, with thick legs. If these have not grown on the windowsill, it is worth growing them in a greenhouse, and then transplant them into open ground.2 Top dressing: 10 days after the first.

When to sow correctly is understandable. It remains to figure out where to plant seedlings. The most the right choice there will be planting in peat cups, which are now on sale. If peat cups are too uneconomical for money, then it is quite possible to use improvised material: boxes of juice, milk, plastic bottlescut off the top, plastic cups. Many gardeners prefer to plant this way.

Landing patterns

Indeed, greenhouse plants will quickly bow their heads and will hurt for a long time, so you need to choose those that already know what it is the world with its temperature extremes and burning sunbeams. It is very simple to choose such plants: greenhouse seedlings light green, delicate. And hardened plants, ready for all the twists and turns, have a rich dark green color with a bluish or purple tint. This point must be taken into account if you want to know exactly at what distance to plant tomatoes. Hardened bushes will quickly move into growth and grow large and thick, and greenhouse ones will be much smaller, with practically no side branches.

I water the transplanted tomato bushes with a solution of Kornevin or Heteroauxin. You can spray them with HB-101 solution (1-2 drops per 1 liter of water) - it "revives" them, helps to better endure stress after transplantation. Treatment with Epin-Extra helps well. With it, I periodically process not only transplanted tomatoes, but also those that I plant with seedlings that remain intact in the holes. Epin-Extra increases the resistance of plants to diseases, adverse weather conditions.

Square-nested

I have experienced many different varieties. Every year I reject some varieties, add some. Now I am telling you about growing tomatoes from seeds in the open field. To do this, I choose medium-sized or, more often, undersized varieties.
Http://youtu.be/nG1uWqek-18

Ribbon-nesting

After planting, tomatoes should be fed from time to time. In total, for the entire period of plant growth, four stages of feeding must occur.

Usually the soil is cultivated copper sulfate, other fertilizers are applied and the soil is fertilized, if any other vegetables grew on this soil earlier. In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”

Preparing for landing

Few people know that tomato is one of the most demanding and capricious vegetables. He loves the sun and warmth, and does not tolerate excess moisture and strong wind... That is why when the gardener wants to get good tomatoes, planting and care in the open field must comply with all the rules for their maintenance. Horizontal planting is as follows. The lower leaves of the seedlings are cut off (about 2/3 of the stem). The prepared seedlings are placed in a pre-prepared long groove "on the side". The angle to the surface of the earth is strictly from south to north. The part that is freed from the leaves is covered with earth.
3 top dressing: 8-10 days after the second.
The main thing is, before planting tomato seedlings, it is necessary to organize drainage in these containers by arranging a drainage hole at the bottom. Water should not stagnate in containers, otherwise you will never grow good seedlings - they will grow poorly and rot.

We plant tomatoes

The first two points are very important, however, when talking about how far you need to plant tomatoes, you need to consider how the plant will grow. There are giant varieties, the bushes of which reach two meters in height. Dwarf hybrids hardly grow more than 50 cm and, of course, do not have such a lush and branchy green part.

Transplanted tomatoes, as well as those plants that have remained intact, should be mulched - sprinkle sawdust, dry or cut grass on top of the soil - so that the highly moistened soil “does not crust over” and does not dry out the next day. If you haven't mulched the soil around the plants, then you definitely need to loosen the soil. This should be done after each watering or rain.

For two years in a row I planted the Beta-Lux variety, I will plant it further. Really like. Low-growing variety, up to 50 cm high. Early maturing. Does not require pinning. Red fruits. The pulp is juicy, sugary. Very tasty. Suitable for both salads and canning.

Care after landing

How to grow tomatoes? To grow tomatoes, you must follow these rules:

How to plant tomato seedlings correctly?The first occurs three weeks after transplanting, the second after the second flower cluster begins to bloom, and the third when the third cluster blooms. The last dressing is usually done three weeks after the third dressing.

Also, the soil should be dug up before planting the vegetable in order to open the soil to oxygen and sunlight. Then holes are made according to the scheme that was chosen, and they are watered with warm water. To choose the right depth of the hole, you should pay attention to the height of the bush, and, if necessary, deepen only the soil bag.

Since we know that tomato is a thermophilic plant, the time when tomatoes can be planted in open ground is determined by atmospheric phenomena and weather. That is, as soon as the soil has warmed up a little, and there are no frosts at night, the seedlings can be planted. Usually, May is the month when planting a tomato becomes possible. Best for disembarkation is the second half of the month or the beginning of the next.
Over time, the seedlings will straighten and grow vertically, and on the part that was covered with soil, many roots will appear, which will become a good help in the general nutrition system.

For feeding, take 1 part of the mullein, 8 parts of water. To 10 l of the solution add 30 g of superphosphate.

The seed can be pre-planted in boxes, where they grow before the first pick. Previously, the boxes are filled with prepared soil and a day before it is decided to sow seedlings of early or mid-season tomatoes, spill it so that the water is absorbed and glass.

Before the seedlings get to their main place of residence, it is necessary to arrange a bath for them to protect them from insect pests. To do this, you can use universal systemic insecticides or home solutions. Now make a deep furrow in which the seedlings will be planted. We make sure to apply fertilizers. It can be peat or vermicompost, mineral or organic preparations, infusion of manure or chicken droppings. Most importantly, do not overdo it with fertilizers so as not to burn the roots. Fill the furrow with water on top and wait until it is absorbed.

Video "Secrets of growing tomatoes in the open field"

In order for the plants to develop quickly and well, I feed them. I start them after the plants have started to grow. I feed it with regular mullein or chicken droppings - what I have. I use potassium permanganate (for 10 liters of water - 1 g of potassium permanganate) and sometimes 1 matchbox of urea is for foliar dressing... I breed mullein 1:10 and chicken droppings 1:15, sometimes I add 1 tablespoon of urea. The watering rate is about 1 liter of solution per plant. It is necessary to feed on already watered, damp soil.

plodovie.ru

How to plant tomato seedlings correctly?

I grew the variety Alpatieva 95A. I like it because it grows like a tree up to 50 cm high, sometimes lower, does not bend, although there are enough tomatoes hanging on the bush. Round fruits of good taste, not large. The variety is resistant to late blight.

The area with tomatoes should be located in a sunny place;

Seed preparation

It is planted in loose soil that contains nutrients and retains water well.

When planning to plant tomatoes, remember that planting tomatoes outdoors is not easy. This process is stressful both for the plant itself and for the gardener, therefore it is worth having patience and exerting as much effort as possible, following all the rules for caring for this capricious vegetable, and then a rich harvest will not keep you waiting.

Also, before planting a tomato, you should take care of the readiness of the tomato garter peg in the future. The tomato itself needs to be watered abundantly before planting, thus removing it from the pot will become easier and not a single element of the root system will be damaged.

But still, before planting seedlings, it is worth knowing its variety and planting features. In addition, the climate of the area where tomatoes are planted has a great influence on the timing of planting. So, for example, in some localities it is possible to plant tomatoes as early as February, because there is a milder and warmer climate, but in places such as Siberia and the Urals, you can plant vegetables not earlier than mid-March, or even at the beginning of April, if you like. get a harvest of tasty and healthy tomatoes.

Germinating stepchildren

You can also spray tomato seedlings with microelements a couple of times - similar biostimulants are sold in stores.

Soil and containers for seedlings

The next day, you can start planting seeds. They are laid out on the ground, observing a distance of 1-2 cm between them and sprinkled on top with 1 cm of earth. When the seeds are sown, water the earth from a spray bottle so as not to wash it out.

The seedlings can now be spread along the furrow. There is also an important nuance here: it is imperative to plant tomatoes at an angle, this contributes to the speedy growth and development of the root system. Also, try to plant the plant deeper so that additional roots form on the stem. As I grow, I pull out all the weeds, loosen the ground while hilling the stem.For many years I have been planting the Volgograd variety of tomatoes. I like the fact that it is drought-resistant. Tomatoes are dense, suitable for salads, canning. Fruiting almost to frost.

Watering tomatoes 2 times a week;

Sowing and growing seedlings

To receive the best harvest seedlings should be planted in sod land. You need to add sand and humus to it. To achieve normal soil acidity, add 0.5 liters of resin and 100 grams of chalk for every 10 liters of soil mixture. You can buy this mixture at the store. Quality mixtures are now commercially available that contain the nutrients needed for seedlings.

In the video, experienced vegetable growers talk about how to properly plant tomatoes in open ground, what fertilizers to fertilize them with and how to tie up tomatoes.

When the soil is ready for planting a tomato, the seedlings are very carefully removed from the container in which it has been growing all this time, it is very important not to disturb the earthen lump formed around the root system of the bush, then the bush is vertically lowered into the hole, which must be opened before and lightly sprinkle with earth. You can sprinkle some compost around the planted bush so that the plant gets the nutrients immediately and takes root better.

It is worth noting that it is better to plant seedlings in the second half of the day for the reason that by the evening the soil warms up well, and the tomato will have a whole night ahead to absorb the heat and get stronger.

Removing the first lateral shoots, or pinching, is an integral part of caring for tomatoes. As a rule, the removal of stepchildren is carried out so that they do not take food away from the plant. However, you can use them to strengthen the root system and form new bushes. The stepchildren do not remove, but let them grow, then cut off the leaves from them, tilt them to the ground and sprinkle them with a ten-centimeter layer of earth. The stepsons begin to grow very quickly and after a month they do not differ from the mother bush. Abundant fruiting begins on them near the ground.

Two weeks before the moment when it is decided to plant the plants in the ground, the seedlings must be hardened. Indoors, the air temperature is reduced to 6-10 degrees. As a rule, for this purpose, the seedlings are simply taken out onto the balcony, first for a short time. Then the stay on the balcony is prolonged until the plants become accustomed to the ambient temperature outside.

To shorten the seed germination time, the boxes can be covered with plastic wrap on top. It is removed from time to time so that the earth does not sour and the seeds do not burn out from the heat. After emergence, the film can be removed for a longer time. When the seedlings are completely strong, the film is removed. This usually happens after 4 days. Tomatoes will now grow on their own.

Features of growing a tomato

Many amateur gardeners measure the distance between the bushes by eye, but this approach is not always correct, since this is easy to observe only if you need to plant 10-15 bushes. If the planting area is larger, then you need to adhere to a certain scheme. So how far should you plant tomatoes? For planting tall combs, a distance of 40 cm between rows and 70 cm between bushes is observed. At the same time, do not forget to leave a path dividing the rows, 100 cm wide. This is necessary so that it is convenient to care for the plantings. This method is called multi-line, because 2-3 rows form a line, and there are tracks between them.

At the beginning of the fruiting of tomatoes, I try to sprinkle the soil with ash, then loosen it, water it. I form low-growing tomatoes so that 2-3 stems remain, and sometimes no shaping is required.

• This year, for the first time, I will sow the Novinka Kuban variety. Medium late variety for open ground. The plant is up to 40 cm high. The description on the sachet promises high palatability, resistance to late blight.
• It is necessary to prepare the soil and apply fertilizers;
• How to grow tomato seedlings? Gardeners usually grow large quantities of seedlings. The seeds are first planted in large containers, and then the sprouts are dived into another container. Many people use milk bags for planting sprouts. However, such bags can contain bacteria, which can lead to mold. Therefore, the picking of seedlings must be carried out either in ordinary plastic bottles or in special peat pots, which can be purchased at the store. There should be drainage holes at the bottom of all these containers.
• Tomatoes are one of the most common vegetables in the world. In regions with cold winters, tomatoes are usually grown in seedlings. How to plant tomato seedlings and how to grow them? You need to start growing seedlings in January-March. This requires seeds and a soil container. You can grow seedlings on the windowsill. This is a rather complicated and time-consuming process. If the seedlings are grown correctly, then the tomato harvest will be excellent.

Sprinkle the compost with soil again and compact the soil around the bush a little. After that, water each bush using a liter or two of water for each. After the bush is planted, you need to install a peg next to it, the height of which will depend on the variety of tomato, for example, for low-growing tomatoes the pegs can be 50 cm high, but for medium-sized tomatoes the height of the peg should be about 80 cm.

VseoTeplicah.ru

Growing tomatoes in the open field by seeds

What could be more delicious from a warm, fragrant tomato just picked from a bush? And if it is also grown on its own, then there will be no limit to bliss. Everyone who considers himself to be a real gardener should think about this. The technology of growing tomatoes varies, but there is enough simple optionsaccessible to everyone. The main thing is patience, accuracy and a responsible attitude to business.

Choosing a site for growing tomatoes in the open field

Growing strong, strong, environmentally friendly seedlings is easy. For planting into the ground, the seedlings should be 45-50 days old. This must be taken into account when planting seeds and determining when to plant in greenhouses.

Tomato seeds for seedlings should be grown in moist soil.

Do not forget that in the process of growth and development of the bushes, they will need to be weeded, pinned, sprayed. Also, remember that tomatoes need root watering, which means it is very important to leave enough space for each bush to be accessible. Do not forget about the need for hilling and feeding. Based on all this, the leading agricultural technicians offer us the following option, at what distance to plant tomatoes in the greenhouse.

What varieties of tomatoes to choose

When the ovary reaches size walnut, I spray a new preparation Tomato rescuer. It protects tomatoes from late blight, macrospariosis, while being a growth stimulant.

After appropriate, usual preparation, that is, warming up, disinfecting, washing, I germinate the seeds.

You need to harvest when the tomatoes have already turned red. If tomatoes ripen after harvest, they will lose their taste.

When and how to plant tomato seeds outdoors

A more effective method is to tie tomatoes not to pegs, but to an arc and a wire about 1 meter high.

Tomatoes are planted according to schemes, which usually depend on the variety, height and irrigation system used in your garden. There are several planting schemes, but the main thing should still be the fact that there should be a short distance between the bushes for sufficient air and sunlight to enter. In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”

Proper care of tomatoes

Attention, only TODAY!

When the first 2 true leaves appear, the seedlings are taken out of the box and dived. Next, it must be planted in individual containers. After picking, the seedlings are well watered. For several days, the air temperature must be lowered, so the plants will get stronger faster.

Thinning tomato seedlings

It has its own characteristics that differ from planting in open ground. First of all, it is usually the modest size of the greenhouse itself, which forces the gardener to save space. It should be borne in mind that in this case it is bad and planting the bushes too wide, and, conversely, thicken the planting. What's wrong with the first option? An excess of free area will stimulate the growth of green mass, the plant will begin to branch strongly, the harvest will ripen later, and the fruits, due to too weak branches, will not stick to the bushes.

Previously, I sprayed tomatoes with 1% Bordeaux liquid or copper sulfate (40-50 g per 10 liters of water). Sometimes I still do 1-2 such treatments.

Different varieties require different times for germination - from 2-3 days to a week or more. I try to equate this with April 10-15 (usually by this time the soil is ready for early sowing of vegetables). I make wide holes with a diameter of about 40 cm. I water the hole with warm water with potassium permanganate. I sow seeds dry and mixed sprouted, evenly distributing them over the area of \u200b\u200bthe hole. In this case, the consumption of seeds is increased. But I do it for insurance.

Outdoor tomato care

Http://youtu.be/rQAXV8NDc4k

Before planting the seeds, you must first fill the container with the soil mixture so that it is 3 cm below the edge. Then the soil must be watered, covered with foil and left under the foil for a day for uniform moisture penetration. Then the soil is leveled and holes are made in it 0.5 cm deep. Seeds are planted in them. After planting the seeds, the surface of the soil must be watered with a solution of potassium permanganate, then cover the container with a film or glass lid and put in a warm place.

Top dressing of tomatoes - open ground

Before planting seeds in the soil, they must be carefully prepared.

After you have managed to plant all the tomato bushes, it will be correct not to water them until the seedlings take root. Adaptation takes place from 8 to 10 days and only after that the watering period can be opened. It is necessary to water the bushes at the root, avoiding the ingress of liquid on the leaves, this can lead to tomato disease. It is also undesirable to water the tomatoes with the help of rain, because although the plant receives the necessary moisture, at the same time the temperature decreases and the humidity of the air rises, which tomatoes do not like very much.

This tomato planting scheme is suitable for tall varieties of vegetables, where row-spacing is of particular importance, which helps to keep the open soil loose and clear of weeds.

Processing tomatoes from pests and diseases

There are two main approaches to growing tomatoes. The first method is based on planting seeds in open ground, and the second, more common, is growing tomatoes from seedlings. Without going into a deep analysis of the intricacies and advantages of these options, planting seedlings is more acceptable to most. In this case, the seed can be purchased on the market or grown independently. In the latter case, tomato cultivation begins around mid-February. The technology of seed germination and seedling care is a separate topic. The main bias of this article is the technology of caring for tomatoes at all stages, from planting seedlings to harvesting.

0 # 1Elena 08/04/2015 12:32 PM I have a question. I have been planting tomatoes for more than one year, the soil is sandy on the site, I add a little black soil to the hole when planting. From year to year, the bushes are very low, and some are very small, although they bear fruit. What is the reason, what is the need to fertilize the soil? + 1 # 2Tanya 08/11/2015 16:40 I quote Elena: I have a question. I have been planting tomatoes for more than one year, the soil is sandy on the site, I add a little black soil to the hole when planting. From year to year, the bushes are very low, and some are very small, although they bear fruit. What is the reason why you need to fertilize the soil? I have a small plot of 6 acres with sandy soil... I added bird droppings with black soil, but my grandmother from a neighboring garden advised me to feed the tomatoes with mullein. This is the first time I'm doing this. Have you accidentally used this fertilizer? 0 # 3Katya 08/16/2015 06:31 AM I quote Elena: I have a question. I have been planting tomatoes for more than one year, the soil is sandy on the site, I add a little black soil to the hole when planting. From year to year, the bushes are very low, and some are very small, although they bear fruit. What is the reason why you need to fertilize the soil? Here you need to analyze several points besides the soil: is there enough lighting for the tomatoes (they are very light-loving, there will be nothing in the shade), what varieties you plant (hybrids grow better in a greenhouse), in open or closed ground you plant whether you do pinching.

When we grow seedlings of peppers, tomatoes, eggplant, it is important to maintain the correct watering schedule and temperature regime.

When planting tall varieties, the distance between them should be 50-60 cm. If the space is very limited, then try planting the plants in two rows or in a checkerboard pattern. If your choice is undersized varieties, then the distance can be made less, 40 cm between the bushes and the same amount between the rows is enough. Considering these recommendations, you provide optimal conditions for watering and caring for plants, optimal lighting for each plant, leaving room for normal growth and development of the bush. Another plus: keeping the optimal distance, you protect plants from mutual transmission of diseases.

The infusion of garlic helps well against diseases or pests: chop 1.5-2 cups of garlic with a garlic press or a meat grinder, pour hot water (but not boiling water), put a little potassium permanganate, add up to 10 liters with warm water, mix, strain. No need to insist! This solution can be sprayed. I alternate treatments every 6-10 days. For better adhesion, I add liquid soap. I do 3-4 treatments as needed.

Very often there was such a situation that during a cold snap or accidental frost, the seedlings of germinated seeds died, it was necessary to reseed. And plants will hatch from dry seeds later, they will avoid frosts, they will definitely grow.

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What is the distance to plant tomatoes in the open field and in the greenhouse?

Tomatoes are a favorite of gardeners, they contain many vitamins and have a wonderful taste. There are many varieties of tomatoes that differ in shape, color and taste. For all varieties of tomatoes, the growing principles are the same. Learning to grow tomatoes is difficult. But even a novice gardener, when following the basic rules of growing, can get beautiful, tasty and large tomatoes on his site. The most important thing is to grow healthy and high-quality seedlings, the tomato harvest depends on it.

Problem number 1 - choose seedlings according to the state of the roots

After a week, sprouts appear. After that, the film must be removed, and the seedlings must be placed in a bright place. The ambient temperature should be kept at about 15 degrees. This continues for a week. Then, after the sprouts get stronger, you need to raise the temperature to 24 degrees during the day and up to 12 degrees at night.

Problem number 2 - choosing hardened specimens

If the seed treatment is done correctly, then the seedlings will be of high quality and a good harvest is guaranteed.

Problem number 3 - choosing a variety

It is worth watering vegetables in the second half of the day - this way the roots will absorb all the liquid and it will not evaporate.

Landing

This scheme involves planting tomatoes in the corners of the square, thus reducing the number of plants in the row. In order not to plant too few plants in a row and, accordingly, not to reduce their number per hectare, planting is carried out as if in a "nest", i.e. two or three plants are planted next to each other. This planting allows you to reduce the amount of processing time for rows with tomatoes by 10-20 working days and reduce labor costs by almost half. But the most important advantage of such a planting scheme is an increase in the amount of harvest due to timely inter-row processing of bushes. That is why this method is one of the most popular among gardeners, because it allows you to mechanize the processing of vegetables and makes it possible to carry it out in two directions.

Depending on weather conditions and tomato variety, planting of seedlings in open ground is carried out from the end of April to mid-May. Seedlings are planted in rows with a distance of about one meter between them. The distance between plants in a row should be at least half a meter. Before planting seedlings on the eastern and western sides of the bed, stakes are driven into the ground at intervals of one meter and the ropes are pulled to form rows. Ditches are dug along the ropes, deep into the bayonet of a shovel. The bottom of the ditch is loosened with a pitchfork and filled with not quite rotted manure. At intervals of two meters, powerful stakes up to two meters high are driven into the bottom of the ditch. Subsequently, a rope for garter tomatoes will be stretched on them. Picked seedlings together with cups must be soaked with a solution of mullein or chicken droppings. For this, the solution is poured into a suitable container in which the cups are placed. After impregnation of the cups, the lower leaves are removed from the seedlings. Only 3-4 upper ones remain. The glass is kneaded a little with your hands, turned over and the plant is gently taken out. Having laid the plant in a ditch, its root part is slightly covered with fluffed soil with hands and tamped lightly. After planting a row with a hoe, they finally fill the ditch with the previously removed earth. This is followed by abundant watering until the soil settles and mulching. For mulching, you can use half-rotted manure with sawdust, humus or leaves. This method of planting does not violate the root system, and the plants take root faster. The mulch protects the seedling roots from overheating and retains moisture. Under a five-centimeter layer of leaves, worms are bred, which loosen the soil and enrich it with humus. Mulch also prevents weeds from growing and fertilizes the soil when decomposed.

Universal landing pattern

South America is considered to be the homeland of tomato growing. They were transported to Europe only in the 16th century, and appeared in Russia even later. Many hundreds of different varieties of tomatoes are now known. it herbaceous plant reaches a height of about one and a half meters, belongs to the Solanaceae family, that is, a relative of the potato. Fruits of various colors from typical red to black. There are yellow, orange tomatoes. The fruits are fleshy, tasty. Blooms in July-August, bears fruit until September. The fruits of tomatoes contain a lot of fiber, proteins, enzymes, organic acids, vitamins, trace elements. Not alone modern kitchen does not do without it. They are pickled, salted. fermented, make tomato juice.

At what distance to plant tomatoes in a greenhouse

In order for tomatoes to grow strong, the air temperature must be 14-18 degrees. At temperatures above 25 degrees, the seedlings begin to stretch. When the seedlings are pulled out, they weaken. If this happens, you need to lower the temperature even to 10 degrees for a while. Also, so that the seedlings do not stretch out, it must be watered abundantly, trying to keep the ground completely moist. It is necessary to water from a sprayer so as not to erode the soil.

The ideal distance in this case is the same - 50-60 cm. However, we are all strictly limited by the size of our suburban area... It should be borne in mind that not every variety requires such a distance. Therefore, before planting seedlings in the ground, you should get acquainted with the characteristics of the variety. Usually, the information is on the seed package. So, at what distance to plant tomatoes in the ground? Ultra-early and early ripening varieties can be planted most densely. The bushes of these varieties are usually small, their task is to give out fruits as quickly as possible, after which the bushes are removed. Therefore, a distance of 35 cm between bushes and rows is quite acceptable. Medium-ripened varieties will live longer in your beds, which means they need more space to grow. The optimal distance will be 45 cm between the bushes and 65 between the beds. For later varieties, it is desirable to further increase this distance. You can also leave 45 cm between the bushes, but it is recommended to keep the distance between the rows at least 75 cm.

I cut off the leaves at the bottom of the bush or yellowed leaves. Experts say that this technique speeds up the ripening process, tomatoes - the fruits are larger.

Features of planting in open ground

I also plant tomatoes with seedlings, but, as a result, all the plants grown from seeds catch up with the seedlings, besides, they are stronger, stronger, less affected by diseases.

Let's sum up

Growing tomatoes in the open field has its own characteristics and difficulties. In the spring, as soon as the soil dries up, I loosen the dug up earth filled with organic matter with a rake or hand cultivator, leveling - it helps to preserve moisture, destroy weeds.

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How to plant tomato seedlings: seed treatment, planting dates, soil preparation, planting containers, planting process, care rules, instructions, photos, videos

After the appearance of the first leaves, the sprouts dive into a separate container. Before transplanting, you need to make sure that the sprouts are strong enough. For a good development of the root system, it is necessary to pinch the main root during transplantation. Before planting sprouts in open ground, you need to harden the seedlings. To do this, reduce the temperature to 17 degrees.

First you need to sort the seeds, checking them for full weight. For this, the seeds are immersed in a 6% salt solution. To prepare such a solution, you need to stir 2 tablespoons of table salt in a liter of water. After immersing the seeds in the solution, they are mixed and after 7-8 minutes the ones that have surfaced are removed, and the rest are washed and continue to prepare them for seedlings. Then the seeds are disinfected in a solution of potassium permanganate and again washed with water. You need to prepare a 1% solution of potassium permanganate by stirring 2 grams of potassium permanganate in 200 milligrams of water.

What can not be said about watering tomatoes in the morning. Also, do not water them too often, especially before the fruit sets, you just need to open the soil to moderate moisture, but try not to flood it. But after the fruit begins to grow, tomatoes need more water. During this time, watering should be increased in order to maintain the moisture level in the soil at the same level. In the meantime, there is no need to know about it. ”

What to plant seedlings

They begin to feed the plants during flowering and fruit setting. A specially prepared slurry solution diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 100 serves as a good natural dressing without "chemistry". You can use chicken or pigeon droppings. Two hundred and fifty grams of droppings are diluted with water in a ten-liter bucket. Top dressing is done every ten days at the rate of three liters of solution per plant. Watering is carried out in the evening as needed. The water should be slightly warmed up.

Four factors affecting the harvest of tomatoes (video)

Planting seeds for seedlings

Tomatoes

Important: It is necessary to constantly turn the containers with seedlings with one or the other side to the light. This is how we grow beautiful, not one-sided tomato seedlings.

We have provided basic information on how far to plant tomato seedlings. By following these rules, you will get an excellent harvest in no time. At the same time, one cannot discount the level of convenience of maintenance of the beds. Initially, the wrong planting pattern leads to the fact that a solid green wall grows in your garden, which is very difficult to approach. Processing stepchildren, hilling, weeding and watering will be greatly complicated, as well as collecting fruits. In addition, the yield of the bushes also decreases. Consequently, your work can bring much less results.

Pinching the tops of fruiting shoots will also help to speed up the ripening of tomatoes; under the fruits lying on the ground, put planks or prop them up with flyers; pluck ripe or brown tomatoes regularly.

In the first one and a half to two weeks, there is a lot of trouble with the emerging seedlings. I do not cover my plantings with anything, they grow at first, of course, very slowly.

Seedling care

Tomatoes are affected by the same diseases and pests as potatoes, peppers, eggplants. Therefore, I try not to plant them in the same place where these crops grew before.

It can also happen that individual bushes begin to wither. The reason for this may be an insufficient amount of sunlight, which is not detrimental to the vegetable. Therefore, you should not pull out or prune the bush if it has begun to fade a little, you also do not need to water it too much. If possible, then you can try to open a little space so that more light comes to this bush. In a few weeks, the bush will come to life again, and the tomatoes will take on a healthy look, and you will not be deprived of a crop.

The tape-nesting scheme allows you to plant more bushes in one area than the square-nesting scheme. The advantage of this planting pattern is that close-planted tomatoes can better withstand weather conditions. In this method, the soil is cut into irrigation furrows every 140 centimeters, and the bushes themselves are planted on both sides of these furrows. It is also worth noting that, ideally, a tomato during growth develops in the limit of 0.3 square meters. Therefore, for good growth, each bush needs to be given its own space.

• The classical method of tying tomatoes to stakes is inferior to the trellis method, in which the branches of the plants are held by a stretched rope or wire. This significantly reduces the load and provides more uniform illumination and ventilation. With this method, tomatoes do not need to be pinned. To provide a trellis garter between the stakes hammered in the rows during planting, a strong rope or wire is pulled every thirty centimeters. The main care for tomatoes in this case consists in the constant garter of stepchildren and tomato brushes to the trellises as they appear. Only the lower stepchildren should be removed, which have nothing to tie. Without removing the stepchildren, the harvest will be more abundant, although the fruits may be somewhat smaller in size. The choice is up to the gardener.
• It is interesting to note that tomatoes or tomatoes are still found wild in South America, where they actually come from. In the sixteenth century, with the conquest of America by the Spaniards, the tomato came to Europe where it gained wide popularity, it is reliably known that Napoleon was a big fan of this culture and even came up with his own recipe for cooking. In Russia, tomatoes are planted in the ground as seedlings.
• Do not forget about feeding, it must be done 2-3 times during the entire growing period

In order for the seedlings to grow well, you need to properly prepare the land for it.

Here is my experience of growing tomatoes in the open field. Share yours - leave a comment!

As soon as 2-3 true leaves appear, the seedlings should be thinned out. I try to leave those plants with a distance of 5-10 cm. Of course, I leave the strongest plants.

After all, disease-causing spores, viruses, pests live in the ground for several years. It is not recommended to sow tomatoes where they grew 3-4 years ago. Their neighborhood with potatoes is not desirable - this will help avoid late blight infection. The Colorado potato beetle won't get there either.

Seedlings planted in the ground must be fed. The first feeding should be done 10 days after transplanting. You need to take 30 g of superphosphate, 10 g of potassium sulfate, 4 g of urea and dissolve them in 10 liters of water. You can also buy this mixture at the store. After 2 weeks, a second feeding is performed. After each feeding, water the seedlings and loosen the soil. Excessive watering of seedlings should be avoided as it can lead to disease. It is necessary that the lighting is sufficient.