Effective methods of dealing with whitefly on tomatoes in a greenhouse. Small, but harmful: how to detect and destroy a whitefly on greenhouse tomatoes in time How to process tomato seedlings from a whitefly

Small butterfly, can cause serious harm vegetable crops, we land on personal plot... You should know the basic principles of the development and reproduction of these small insects so that the fight against whitefly in a greenhouse on tomatoes is successful.

This butterfly is capable of multiplying, forming huge colonies. One female lays up to 250 eggs. Whitefly is dangerous for planted tomatoes, but besides this, up to 300 different types of other crops are not immune from its invasion.

Whitefly characteristic

There are 2 types of such insects: indoor and greenhouse. The latter live in greenhouses. They like humid and warm air. The primary infection occurs with the planting material, or through already infected plants.

Small in size (up to 3 mm) whitefly, similar to garden aphids, but its wings have white bloom... She often settles in a large group on the back of the leaves. There she lays eggs, from which the larvae subsequently hatch. It is they who, digging into the plant and drinking juices from it, can cause serious harm, and subsequently lead to the death of the plant.

At a time when the larvae have not yet turned into a cocoon, they can be removed using insecticides. The dense shell reliably protects the larva during this period. In the future, when the time for hatching of adults begins and the time for the emergence of a new generation of insects comes again, the process of fighting them may fail.

After micro destruction of foliage, the sap of the plant is released to the surface, and together with the feces of this insect, an excellent environment is formed for the development of fungal infection. On the leaves of tomatoes, first there are places of silvery plaque, but over time, sooty mushrooms resembling dark spots form on them.

The first signs of pest damage

To know how to treat plants from whitefly, you should study the main signs that appear on initial stage damage to the plant by this insect:

• in the greenhouse you can see small insects flying by;
• when shaking a tomato bush, a cloud of fluttering small butterflies appears above it;
• on the underside of the tomato leaves, as well as on its other parts, almost transparent scaly segments are stuck;

• the appearance of dark spots on the plant is a clear sign of damage by a sooty fungus that forms on the excrement of whiteflies;
• plants do not grow fast enough;
• twisted leaves appear on the stems of greenhouse tomatoes;
• the fruits of tomatoes acquire a whitish hue, cease to ripen.

If such features are found, one can suspect that the plants are already affected by this pest. Get rid of the insect immediately afterwards.

Destruction methods

Novice gardeners may not have encountered such a phenomenon, and do not know how to get rid of these insects. Flying individuals are much easier to destroy than their larvae. Plus, the adults themselves aren't as dangerous as their newly hatched babies. Therefore, the fight against whitefly on tomatoes should begin at the moment the flying midges appear, but before the time when they lay their eggs. To eliminate these pests, we get rid of in several ways.

Using chemicals

Infected plants are sprayed with insecticides, which can be purchased at gardening stores. Such remedies act on tomato pests through the plants, after the poison is absorbed into the stems and leaves of the bushes. Therefore, it is necessary to find suitable preparations for the treatment of bushes.

During the formation of ovaries on tomatoes, soap-based products are used. This takes into account the degree of infestation by insects. Of these drugs, they are recognized as the best: Pegasus, Fosbecid, Aktara, Confidor, Mospilan. How to deal with whitefly on tomato seedlings with these means is indicated on the instructions.

Smoke destruction

The method of getting rid of whitefly on tomatoes using fumigation is one of the most effective methods for greenhouse cultivation. It is enough to carry out such a procedure twice a season, and the pest will not appear on tomato seedlings. After such a procedure, not only adults will die, but also the larvae and pupae of the whitefly.

Techniques of mechanical methods

With this method, the leaves should be treated with soapy water and then washed off with clean water. In this way, you can get rid of the laid-off larvae, freeing the surface of the foliage and allowing the plant to receive oxygen.

Adhesive insect traps can also help get rid of whitefly in the greenhouse. They can be purchased from specialized stores or other locations. If desired, it is built independently. Grease cardboard with bright colors with Vaseline.

For insects that have flocked to such a surface, the petroleum jelly surface will be destructive. After filling with midges, you can erase this layer and lubricate it with Vaseline again.

Before getting rid of the whitefly, prepare a bait from heated rosin, castor oil and honey. Then, it is applied on a dense surface of bright color and exhibited in the greenhouse between rows.

Biological way

Also, in the greenhouse between the rows of tomatoes, cardboard boxes are hung with pupae placed in them.

After the appearance of insects, they rush to the whitefly and eat their larvae located on the leaves of tomatoes. Knows how to deal with the whitefly, a common ladybug that eats both adults and larvae, and the macrolophus bug. For 1 sq. m. greenhouse area with tomatoes, 5 such bugs are enough. After 15 days, the introduction of new individuals of marcofolus should be repeated.

Folk wrestling techniques

These control methods have the safest effect on the human body. But they have to be carried out in the greenhouse several times to cope with the pest.

Cold air turns out to be fatal for insects. Before getting rid of whitefly in a greenhouse on tomatoes, if possible, seedlings are taken out for a while in the open air. The whitefly cannot stand the smell of garlic. Therefore, a tincture is prepared from it, it is enough to add 2 chopped cloves of garlic to 2 liters of boiling water, and then sprinkle the tomato bushes with it.

Some people use laundry soap to keep the butterfly from breeding. After grinding on a grater, the soap is dissolved in hot water, based on - 1 part of soap for 6 parts of liquid. Then, the planted vegetables are sprayed. Will help cope with whitefly infusion of yarrow. To do this, 10 g of dried herbs are brewed in 1.5 liters of boiling water. Then the tomatoes are sprayed. It is advisable to raise the branches so that the solution falls on their lower side.

Can process tomatoes pharmacy remedy from scabies. It is bred in water and sprayed with plants.

Preventive actions

If you take measures to prevent the appearance of whiteflies on tomatoes, then you may not need other methods to cope with the invasion of insects. Early metal constructions should be painted. The land should be carefully cleaned and freed from last year's vegetation.

Purchased tomato seedlings are carefully checked for the possibility of insect infestation. After planting, a mandatory procedure for airing the greenhouse room should be provided, and the temperature inside the greenhouse should not exceed +15 degrees.

Whitefly is a type of insect that attacks tomatoes. You can observe the activity of the whitefly on the lower part of the leaf. The food of insects is the liquid contained in the leaves of tomatoes.

Whitefly colonies settle on the underside of tomato leaf

Description of the vital activity of the whitefly

The whitefly moth is white and lives on the leaves of tomatoes, eating the liquid from them and disrupting the metabolism in the plant. This entails spoilage of the crop and a reduction in the volume of tomatoes.

Other signs of whitefly activity are:

• yellow and dried leaves;
• uneven ripening of the tomato;
• pulp acquires white color.

The active life of the whitefly is carried out on the lower side of the leaf, but transparent spots form on the upper side. Over time, they change color to black. Such a plaque is a fungal disease that is provoked by the activity of insects.

Whiteflies feed on liquid from tomato leaves

Over time, the plaque passes on to the crop, as a result of which it becomes unclaimed and unusable. When you inspect the planting material, you find moths, but no larvae are seen on it - this indicates that the crop can still be saved.

It is enough to process the planting material several times with a mixture of soap and special agents to eliminate the threat of infection. For effective treatment, it is necessary to use those preparations that include:

• pyrethrum;
• pirimiphos-methyl.

The whitefly insect carries the virus and provokes leaf and fruit diseases in the plant. Over time, her works provoke a change in the shape and color of the leaves, and their withering away. As a result, the shoots stop growing.

During the period of plant treatment, pay attention to the fact that to remove the whitefly you need to use different drugs, depending on the development of the insect.

The moth itself is less dangerous to the planting material than its larvae. Breeding whitefly larvae is extremely difficult. They have an outer layer that protects them from outside influences, so many drugs are ineffective.

This does not mean that the larvae on the seedlings do not need to be hatched, they must be dealt with.

Whitefly larvae are very voracious

Control methods

Insect control should be carried out at any stage of the development of the whitefly's vital activity. Effective method insect control can be called:

Chemical treatment of planting material should be carried out in favorable weather. Cloudy weather is better, without rain and wind. It can be carried out in sunny calm weather and make it so that a shadow forms around the planting material. You cannot process planting material using a preparation with which you have already treated tomatoes. The whitefly insect has the ability to develop drug resistance.

Spraying tomatoes is carried out in calm cloudy weather

To remove insects from seedlings, evil preparations are not used. If you want to speed up the treatment process, then switching to more saturated drugs is not an option. Chemicals accumulate in the plant and soil. After that, it is difficult to remove the drugs from the plant and soil. To select a drug and the nature of the treatment, you need to highlight different periods insect development and adjust the fight to their life cycle.

The essence of using different drugs:

• Insecticides of systemic action enter the inner part of plants, destroying sucking insects.
• Contact insecticides manifest themselves at the moment of contact with a pest.
• Soap solutions are used to eliminate the pest in a plant-friendly way.

On the basis of the herb yarrow, a preparation is prepared that helps in the fight against the pest. With the help of a sharp temperature drop or exposure of the planting material to gusts of cold air, you can eliminate the whitefly. Insect pests have a negative attitude to lower temperatures.

In the fight against whitefly, adhesive tapes help. Or other products that are lubricated with sticky preparations.

You can use yarrow or soapy water to wipe down foliage or spray green areas with special preparations. In the fight against pests, it is important to use plain clean water, wiping the foliage with it helps in the fight against insects.

Water affects moths and is ineffective in combating larvae, even ineffectual.

In the hope of getting a rich harvest, gardeners often forget about such dangerous enemies as insects. When growing tomatoes in greenhouses, they can be attacked by whitefly.

How to get rid of these pests and not lose a significant amount of the crop?

Whitefly - description and habitat

Whitefly is a small insect, its size varies from 1 to 3 mm. It belongs to the Homoptera family. Has a light tiny body and white wings. In flight, the whitefly resembles aphids or small size mole. An adult individual debugs eggs on the back of a tomato leaf, and does this very actively. During the season, she is able to lay up to 250 larvae.

The larvae attach to the leaves and feed on their sap, while the leaves dry out and fall off. In a damp and warm greenhouse environment, insects reproduce very quickly. And if you do not get rid of the whitefly in time, then it will spread to other nearby growing crops. Also, this insect is a carrier of viral infections.

Signs of appearance

The sooner a problem is discovered, the easier it will be to fix it. Suspect the appearance in the greenhouse uninvited guests can be on the following grounds:

Control methods

Fighting a whitefly isn't easy, but still possible. There are many ways to do this. They can be conditionally divided into chemical, mechanical and biological.

Mechanical methods

Do not require the purchase of expensive funds. If there are not too many insects, you can deal with the usual fly sticks. And cut off the affected leaves on the tomatoes and burn them. The larvae can be washed off with a sponge dipped in a solution of laundry soap. If there are too many pests, then traps of more impressive sizes can be made for them. You will need A4 yellow cardboard and blue... American scientists have discovered that it is these colors that attract flying insects. To make the whiteflies stick to the cardboard, a layer of petroleum jelly mixed with honey is applied to it. Periodically, the sticky layer is peeled off along with the insects, and a new one is applied. The procedure is repeated until the complete disappearance of the pests.

Chemicals

Highly effective, but at the same time toxic. They are used only as a last resort, when other methods of struggle do not help. The use of such substances indoors is dangerous not only for plants, but also for the gardener. You can use an aerosol from flying insects called "Kra-Deo Super", it is better to use it in the evening, and then close the greenhouse and not enter until morning. Another drug of similar action is Biotlin.

Important! Do not use these drugs when tomatoes are ripe and 3 weeks before harvest.

Insecticides for sucking pests are also suitable, they are used, including for ticks, aphids and bedbugs. The choice of these drugs is extensive, the most common are "Actellic", "Aktara", "Cypermethrin", and "Malathion". Do not neglect the rules of use, you need to do everything strictly following the attached instructions. If necessary, the processing is repeated.

Biological methods

Popular among gardeners. Like everyone else, the whitefly has enemies, it feeds on ladybugs and lacewings. In order to get rid of annoying pests, you need to collect ladybirds... A small greenhouse will need about ten individuals. After a while, there will be no trace of the whitefly. Encarzia can be purchased from laboratories or greenhouses. This insect lays its eggs in whitefly larvae. All that remains is to release them from the test tube in the greenhouse and the problem will be solved by itself.

You can also purchase and install fumigators in the greenhouse, this of course will hit the wallet, especially if the greenhouse large sizes... But it will take much less time and effort to destroy the pest. Fumigators do not differ much from those used against mosquitoes at home. They are non-toxic and effective.

Folk remedies

They are used only if there are few flying insects in the greenhouse. If the whitefly managed to multiply, then their use will not give the expected result. There are a huge number of recipes for infusions and decoctions, and here are some of them:

Prevention

Taking preventive measures is much easier than wasting time and money on the fight. It won't take long and will save the harvest. After the harvest is harvested, it is imperative to dig up the soil and remove weeds and plant debris. Place the compost heap away from the dug area, as pests can hibernate in it.

When planting tomatoes, it is imperative to observe the recommended distance, this will help air circulation. Whitefly reproduces in a warm and humid environment, so as not to create favorable conditions for it, the greenhouse must be regularly ventilated and monitored for air humidity. You can also plant only those varieties that are resistant to pests.

Conclusion

There are many methods of dealing with whitefly in a greenhouse, and everyone can choose the one that suits them. Taking into account the peculiarities of the greenhouse and the number of insects. Of course, it is better to carry out prevention, and then you will not have to waste time on the destruction of pests. But, and if the problem still arises, it must be solved immediately, until the situation worsens.

A white midge attacked tomato and pepper seedlings

Sometimes you can observe how a white midge, which looks like living mold, attacks tomato and pepper seedlings - this is a greenhouse, greenhouse whitefly. This pest is very resistant to spraying with all sorts of broths, and sometimes chemicals. An adult whitefly is 1-1.5mm in size.

Its body is almost completely covered by two pairs of white wings. When these insects cling to the plant tightly, it seems as if the leaves are indeed covered with mold. The bulk of the females of this pest is located on the underside of the leaves.

It is there that females lay 85-130 eggs in 30 days. Greenhouse whitefly often settles on indoor plants, gets from them and on seedlings of tomato and pepper, which we grow on windowsills. Whitefly can get on seedlings from plant debris, from the soil, as well as from the seedlings themselves, if you purchased them in a greenhouse. As a result of its vital activity, the underside of the leaves is covered with white larvae, the leaves become sticky, black spots appear in places from soot How to protect seedlings from whitefly? It is necessary to carry out an autumn preventive spraying of plants with special pesticides.

The first spraying is carried out after harvesting, and the second after the removal of diseased plants. Treatment is carried out with a 0.3% karbofos emulsion. If you have a well-sealed greenhouse, then instead of re-spraying, you can fumigate with sulfur dioxide at a temperature maintained in the greenhouse of +18 - +20 degrees.

To do this, you need to burn lump sulfur (50g / m3) and keep the greenhouse closed for 1-2 days. It is also worth carrying out a one-time disinfection of the greenhouse with sulfur dioxide - burn 100 g of sulfur for each cubic meter greenhouses.It is necessary to destroy weeds in the greenhouse and in a nearby area, abandon catch crops, observe the distance between the planted vegetables - do not plant vegetables close to the greenhouse (no closer than 2-4 m). Greenhouses with vegetables should be removed from greenhouses with flowers at a distance of at least 10 m. Fitoverm also helps to cope with whitefly.

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Seedling disease - whitefly

Often, seedlings of vegetables and flowers are affected by pests such as whiteflies. These are small insects with a small yellowish body, up to 1 mm long and two pairs of wings, the surface of which is covered with white bloom.

By appearance whitefly looks like a moth. When plants are damaged by such a pest, on the back of the leaf plate you can see insect eggs, which are laid in rings of 10-20 pieces each. Fertility of female whiteflies is quite high: from 130 to 280 eggs. The larvae are light yellow in color.

The body is covered with short hairs, the eyes are orange-red. The larvae and adults of the whitefly feed on the sap they get from cuttings, leaves and stems of plants. As a result, the parts affected by the pest dry out and then die off. The sooty fungus that appears on the sweet secretions of the whitefly causes disruption of the photosynthesis process and a decrease in the immunity of garden and flower crops.

Signs of defeat. Seeing whiteflies on plants is not difficult. Most often, insects settle on the back of the leaves, where they form fairly extensive colonies. Signs such as wilting, drying and curling of leaves, as well as the formation of yellowish spots with indistinct outlines on the leaf plates, indicate the defeat of seedlings by whitefly.

In addition, pests release a sugary substance that is also easily seen on damaged plant parts. Preventive measures.

In most cases, the cause of the appearance of the whitefly is the high temperature in the indoor construction and the decrease in the level of humidity. For timely detection of the pest, the cultivated crops should be constantly inspected.

Ways to fight. The easiest way to deal with adult whiteflies is by hanging sticky tapes. It is best if the tape is yellow. Larvae and eggs are removed by rinsing the aerial parts of the plants with soapy water.

After that, the stems are wrapped in a plastic bag and left for 2-3 days. It is recommended to collect adult insects in the early morning hours, when the insects are inactive. Some gardeners collect insects with a vacuum cleaner. The most effective means of controlling insect pests (including whitefly) are insecticides.

In particular, you can use "Fufanon", "Decis", "Intavir" or "Actellik". It is advisable to use micro-biological drugs, among which "Verticillin" is distinguished. For the destruction of whiteflies, pyrethroid drugs are often chosen: "Arrivo", "Tsipermetrin", "Talstar", "Fury" and others. Folk means of pest control.

Fighting a whitefly that has settled on seedlings is possible not only chemical methods, but also folk remedies. It is best to use an infusion made from garlic. To do this, the cloves (2/3 cup) must be cleaned, crushed and filled with warm water (1l). Pour the mixture into a glass dish, cork and then stand for 5 days.

The prepared infusion is diluted with clean water at the rate of 1 teaspoon of concentrate per 1 liter of liquid and sprayed with the plant affected by the insect. To collect adults, whiteflies are often used homemade traps... To make them, you need to take a yellow-painted sheet of hardboard or plywood and apply a layer of petroleum jelly, castor oil or a mixture of rosin and honey to the surface.

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Whitefly diet

The whitefly's favorite diet primarily includes: fuchsia, begonia, balsam, passionflower, pelargonium, lanthanum. For lack of a favorite, the whitefly is capable of attacking most indoor plants... In greenhouse and greenhouse conditions, he prefers tomatoes and cucumbers, but does not disdain other plants either.

Prevention

Whitefly appears where high temperature is combined with high humidity (greenhouses, greenhouses - first of all), there is not enough ventilation, plants are placed too closely. For this reason, first of all, it is necessary to provide the plant with an optimal moisture-temperature regime and ventilation. Also, all the preparations that strengthen the plant have a preventive effect - a healthy strong plant with less losses will tolerate the invasion of the whitefly, provided that you still defeat it!

External signs of defeat

Whiteflies usually hide on the underside of leaves. On the upper side of the underlying leaves, a shiny bloom (honeydew, or honeydew) appears - the excrement of insects, on which sooty mushrooms ("mob") subsequently develop, due to which the leaf surface becomes first white and then black. It is sooty mushrooms that can strongly harm the plant, not directly the whitefly. Sometimes, because of them, the growth of shoots stops.

Control measures

Chemicals:

• Actellic. Dissolve the ampoule in 1 liter of water and treat it during the appearance of the pest. Solution consumption up to 2 liters per 10 sq.m. No more than 4 treatments. The waiting period is 3 days. Verticillin Zh - 25 ml per 1 liter of water. Double spraying at intervals of 7-10 days. Confidor (20% RBC) 0.1 ml per liter of water. Single spraying. Mospilan (20% RP) - 0.05-0.06 g. Single spraying Pegasus (25% EC) - 2 ml per 1 liter of water. Twice spraying at intervals of 7 days. Fufanon (57% EC) - 1.2-1.5 ml. Single spraying. Phosbecid Dilute 5 ml per 5 liters of water, consumption - 100 sq. m.

Glue traps can be used to catch adults. To do this, take pieces of plywood or hardboard, paint them yellow or white and grease them with petroleum jelly, rosin with honey or castor oil.

Insects, attracted by the bright yellow or white (preferably yellow) color, sit on these lures and stick. When there are a lot of them on a piece of plywood, it is wiped and again greased with the same solution. You can also use glue fly traps.

Folk remedies

Whiteflies don't like dropping temperatures, so you can move the plant to a cooler room. Since whiteflies fly, they can be caught on sticky tapes (sold in fly shops). folk remedies, for example, herbal infusions against insects - they are sprayed with plants.

Infusion of garlic is comparatively effective. Chopped cloves of garlic (150-170 g) pour 1 liter of water and leave in a tightly sealed container for five days. For spraying, 6 g of concentrate diluted in 1 liter of water is enough.

Keep in mind that folk remedies can help if there are not too many pests. Try rinsing the plant with clean water - whiteflies are well washed off with water, after this procedure you need to loosen the top layer of soil in the pot.

Pests on seedlings - how to recognize and fight

If measures are not taken in time, aphids, whiteflies, thrips and spider mites can destroy young seedlings. How to recognize pests and what to do if they attacked plants? You can determine who exactly is harming your seedlings by the characteristic features that distinguish one or another pest.

Aphid

Insects are very voracious and reproduce quickly. You can understand that aphids have settled on plants by reshaping and leaf colors: they curl up and discolor... Also on the leaves of seedlings appears "honeydew" - sweet sticky secretions of aphids, which are a favorable breeding ground for pathogenic fungi. Regular inspection of the seedlings, as well as the creation of optimal growing conditions, will help prevent the appearance of aphids:

• maintaining the daytime temperature at 20-25 ° С, and nighttime - 16-20 ° С; regular watering with settled water at room temperature; arrangement of plants so that their leaves do not touch each other.

If aphids still appear on the seedlings, but there are not many of them, the insects can be collected by hand, and the plants themselves can be sprayed with a solution of laundry soap (25-30 g per 1 liter of water). If there are a lot of aphids, the plants should be treated with insecticides - Inta-Vir, Decis, Kinmiks, Fitoverm, etc. (according to the instructions).

Thrips

Outwardly, these insects resemble miniature (about 1 mm) butterflies. They suck the sap from the plants, leaving a "bite" in place small silvery spots.

Over time, these spots grow, merge and cover the entire leaf. You can cope with thrips with the help of chemical insecticides - Fitoverma, Vermitika, Akarina, etc. And you will need to carry out at least 3 sprays with an interval of 7-10 days. Tomato leaves damaged by thrips in the future, prevent the appearance of the pest, thoroughly disinfect the containers and substrate before sowing seeds for seedlings. Also, strictly observe the requirements of plants for growing conditions.

Whitefly

This gluttonous pest feeds on the sap of seedlings, not disdaining either leaves, stems or cuttings of plants. Sucking the juice from the leaves, the larvae and adults of the whitefly secrete sticky enzymes, which are a favorable environment for the development of pathogenic fungi.

Plant parts damaged by "seedling moth" (also called whitefly) dry up and die off.As a rule, the whitefly appears in rooms with high temperature and low air humidity. If this is not allowed - regularly ventilate the room, place wide containers of water near the plants to increase the air humidity - the appearance of the whitefly can be avoided. Also, do not forget to periodically examine the seedlings.

When a pest appears, you can spray it with an infusion of garlic or hang sticky yellow tapes throughout the room. To prepare the infusion, pass 2 tbsp through a meat grinder. peeled cloves of garlic, transfer the resulting mass to glass jar, pour 1 liter of water and cover. After 5 days, the infusion will be ready. To spray seedlings, dilute 1 tsp. the resulting infusion in 1 liter of water.

Spider mite

The spider mite is practically invisible to the human eye. It is possible to understand that the pest has settled on the seedlings only when it the leaves will start to fade and turn yellow, and on their back will appear small black dots.

With severe damage to plants, leaves appear chlorotic spots with punctate necrosiswhich are clearly visible spider web.As in the previous cases, avoid mass destruction spider mite seedlings can be done by regularly examining the plants and creating optimal growing conditions for them. If you notice on the underside of the leaves single black dots, try spraying the plants with water regularly.

If the pest has managed to seriously "spoil" the seedlings, use insecticides - Fufanon, Chemix, Iskra M, Aktellik, Fitoverm, etc. Fitoverm is an insecticide of natural origin, which is used to combat piercing-sucking pests. The concentration of the drug solution is calculated based on which pest it is used against.

To protect seedlings from aphids, 8-12 ml of the drug are dissolved in 10 liters of water, 2 ml from spider mites, and 20 ml from thrips. The duration of the protective action of Fitoverm is about 5 days, therefore, repeated treatments (if necessary) are carried out no later than after 7-8 days. It is possible to avoid the appearance of most pests on seedlings if optimal conditions are created for the plants.

Remember this so that you do not need help in the future. chemicals... Well, if you still have to use insecticides, do not forget about precautions.

Diseases of tomatoes, on tomatoes: late blight, tobacco mosaic, whitefly

Tomato bushes are persistent and tenacious, they do not give up easily to infections or addictive insects. But even poisonous leaves and stems of plants do not frighten pests.

What are the most dangerous threats to tomatoes? How can you fight them?

Phytophthora on tomatoes, tomatoes

All green parts of the plant in open ground covered brown spots without clear boundaries and forms. They cover the bushes like an inevitable fire. Leaves become wet if wet or dry out. The stems may break off.

Only ripe fruits are saved, but green and brown ones have no chance to survive.

When late blight appears. Black-brown tomato plague - late blight is getting younger from year to year - it begins to kill plants in July. And any geographic space is submissive to her.

The causative agent is a mushroom. It affects tomatoes and potatoes, but does not touch other nightshade plants - peppers and eggplants.

Control measures for late blight on tomatoes

What are the main methods of dealing with late blight. Not a single drug helps one hundred percent of it. However, timely spraying with fungicides curbs the attack of the disease. The first treatment should be preventive: profit gold (6 g per 10 l of water).

The second is carried out after 2-3 weeks at a dose of 15 g per 10 liters of water of both the one and the other medicine.

Safe or folk remedies. Usually, folk remedies are used against late blight. But they don't help much.

- Infusion of garlic: take 100 g of slices, grind, pour 2 liters of water, cover, insist for half an hour and spray the tomatoes with this gruel. - A yeast solution is also used: take 100 g of yeast per 10 l of water.

If the disease has just begun, a solution of 5% iodine (10 ml per 10 liters of water) is effective. After 3 days, the "shower" is repeated. The solution is stored in closed form unlimited time in a dark place, and it can be used to spray other plants against all fungal diseases.

Improve the resistance of tomatoes you can fertilize every 10 days, alternating a solution of a mullein 1:10 with an ash infusion (1 glass per 10 liters of water). If leaves curl, exclude superphosphate from dressings and increase the proportion of potassium sulfate and urea.

And flowering and fruiting are delayed - they use nitrogen fertilizing. When the flowers fall, the bushes are sprayed with a solution boric acid (1 g per 1 l of water), and when the ovaries fall off, they are fed with a mullein solution (1:10), adding to it on a bucket matchbox ammonium nitrate or urea.

Microbiological preparations are very goodbased on natural bacteria. Before planting, the seedlings are sprayed with a solution of phytosporin-M or alirin-B, or they are watered over the soil.

A week later, the same medicine is again well cultivated around the bushes, and then the plants themselves. The procedure is repeated every 2-3 weeks.

On tomatoes, tomatoes, tobacco mosaic virus

The tobacco mosaic virus is known all over the world. Smokers play a significant role in the spread. They throw cigarettes, wherever they get, do not wash their hands after smoke breaks.

The virus causes light and dark green spots in the form of "inlay" on the leaves or dark swellings. Gray-brown areas of dead pulp appear inside the fruit. When the tobacco mosaic virus appears.

The infection can be noticed very early, already in depressed seedlings, as it persists in the seeds. The summer residents themselves carry the virus when pinching. The mosaic is especially visible in the summer during the milk ripeness of the fruit.

Often the leaves on the bushes become wrinkled or narrow, like a fern.

Tobacco mosaic virus control measures

Reliable measures to combat the tobacco mosaic virus. Before sowing, the seeds are kept in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate for 20 minutes. Plants are watered with it from a young age 2-3 times at three-week intervals.

All seedlings with signs of a mosaic are burned.

Safe measures to combat the tobacco mosaic virus. Most the best way - prevention. Seeds are bought only from responsible companies.

Do not plant tomatoes after peppers, eggplants, potatoes. Steam sterilize soil and seedling pots, as well as all tools that touched the plants. Wash hands with soap before work. Tomatoes are suitable only in clean clothes and shoes.

Quit smoking urgently! Or do it off-site. Choose tomatoes that are virus resistant tobacco mosaic.

Of the new products, these are mainly F1 hybrids (Azov, Axioma, Almaz, Barcelona, \u200b\u200bBogota, Buran, Bourgeois, Glamor, Caprice, Magnum M, Lezginka, Ostozhenka, Rally, Pink spam, Rosaliza, Sirtaki, Fat neighbor, Yakimanka) and the Tsarevich variety ...

Whitefly on tomatoes, tomatoes

Whiteflies - these little white flies, the most dangerous pest tomatoes. They are not found outdoors, but in winter greenhouses they are sometimes completely covered with tomato leaves.

When whitefly appears on tomatoes, tomatoes. Indoors, whiteflies can live almost all year round, but are especially numerous in the second half of summer and autumn. They hide from the underside of the leaves and suck the sap from the plants like aphids.

In addition, sooty fungi often settle on the sticky sugary secretions of the insect, which leave a black coating. It is called "rabble". Because of whiteflies, tomatoes can ripen unevenly and turn white from the inside.

Whitefly control measures and methods

Reliable ways to combat whitefly. The most effective drugs are Commodore (1.5 g per 10 L of water) and Iskra-M from whitefly caterpillars (5 ml - 1 ampoule - per 10 L of water). They are sprayed with plants after harvest, if they want to take them to the city.

Safe ways to deal with whitefly. The greenhouse is aired, the lower parts of the leaves are thoroughly washed with clean water, where the whitefly accumulates in large quantities. Apply bait yellow colorto which insects stick.

The biological product boverin also helps. Back to the table of contents - Gardening

How to deal with whitefly?

21.03.2014 |

The whitefly butterfly brings a lot of trouble: due to the constant laying of larvae, the leaves on the plants become like a colander, they get sick and, ultimately, die. Since each larva is covered with a waxy substance on top, chemical aerosols do not affect it in any way; the whitefly is removed only by mechanical methods.

For example, in the room will fit fly trap in the form of sticky tape or wiping the leaves of indoor plants with a damp cloth. It's another matter when a whitefly appeared in the garden: a one-time treatment will not work, you need to prevent the laying of eggs on the leaves and carry out prevention every week.

Summer residents watering the garden with a hose have an advantage in this sense, since the larvae are not deposited on wet leaves, and this is a huge plus in the fight against insects that multiply in thousands. How can a whitefly harm?

The pest of gardens and vegetable gardens is a small insect - the whitefly butterfly. It is translucent, with a wing length of about 3 mm, in some way it resembles a moth. It multiplies very quickly, in one day it can lay up to 280 eggs, which after 48 hours become full-fledged individuals and begin to eat the leaves of borage and tomatoes, which may cause the plant to die.

How to deal with whitefly at home?

As a solution for washing, we use yarrow, which is brewed as follows: 1 liter. boiling water needs 80 gr. dry herbs in a thermos for about 2 hours. An alternative is soapy water: 1 part laundry soap to 6 parts water.

If a whitefly starts up in the garden ...How to deal with whitefly in a greenhouse or on open area vegetable garden? Among insecticides are used: "Aktara", "Akarin", and "Phosbecid", the method of diluting them with water is indicated on the package.

You need to spray each bush, some specimens can be dipped directly into the bucket. Remember that a more concentrated dose of solution is used for irrigation than for spraying. It has been noted that the medicine against scabies (emulsion "Benzyl Benzoate") is the most effective remedy to kill the whitefly butterfly.

It is diluted with water in a ratio of 30 ml to 1 liter. water and spray the bushes. Against whitefly on tomatoes that grow in a greenhouse, there are many ways to fight without damaging the tomato crop. A preventive measure is to hang the vents with gauze.

Hang on the ceiling sticky traps... But if an invasion has occurred, each leaf of the tomato must be treated with an insecticide designed specifically for plants growing in a greenhouse.

If the procedure is carried out within a month (once every three days), then it will not be difficult to defeat the whitefly. Sometimes butterflies are frightened off even by the smell, so they try to fly away from the processing site.

Interestingly, whiteflies get used to commonly used drugs, so it's best to alternate between them. experienced summer residents it is advised to use a solution of laundry soap as a spraying, but it is better if you brush each leaf of a tomato with a solution - this will significantly reduce the insect population. At the slightest appearance of whiteflies, this procedure should be carried out daily, especially during the period when the ovaries are actively growing. Remember that the yield of tomatoes fully depends on the quality of the flowers.

Together with the article "How to deal with a whitefly?" also read.

Whitefly is quite common on tomatoes, and the damage that it can cause to a future crop is simply enormous. Small up to 3 mm in length butterfly Its larva feeds on plant sap, as a result of which their leaves become discolored, which sooner or later leads to the death of tomatoes. The way of reproduction is through egg laying. One adult female lays up to 250 eggs per life cycle. If you find traces of a whitefly on the site, act immediately. Not only chemical preparations will help you with this, but also numerous folk recipes, the effectiveness of which has long been known.

Signs of a problem

How to choose the time to process whitefly tomatoes? Sometimes this is not so easy, especially if you visit the site exclusively on weekends. You can suspect a problem by several characteristic signs:

• a white midge hovering over the tomato beds, somewhat reminiscent of a moth;
• a white cloud over a bush if you shake it a little;
• translucent, barely noticeable, scales covering the lower plane of the sheet plate;
• a sticky and shiny coating, which is popularly called honeydew (it, in fact, is a product of their vital activity);
• many dark or black spots resulting from infection of the plant with a sooty fungus - a frequent companion of the whitefly;
• significant developmental lag;
• yellowing and curling of leaves.

If you see several of the signs from this list, then this means that the whitefly on tomatoes can significantly reduce the future yield. But any measures will be highly productive if you start the fight at the stage when butterflies have appeared, and their larvae are not yet found on tomatoes.

How to get rid of a whitefly: passive control

In general, their effectiveness is slightly lower than that of traditional chemicals, but if you want to feast on organic tomatoes, they definitely make sense.

At this stage, traps are simply ineffective - you need to connect chemicals

Glue traps

A remedy for whitefly on tomatoes, which is most suitable for greenhouses. although, if desired, such devices can also be used outdoors. The products of the companies "Pheromone", "Bona Forte" and "Argus" have proven themselves well. They are absolutely safe for health, however, with a large area of \u200b\u200bplanting, their use is not justified from a financial point of view. On the other hand, glue traps can be damaging to population development. beneficial insectsthat pollinate crops.

Attention! You can also make a trap yourself. This will require yellow cardboard and long-drying glue. The cardboard boxes greased with this composition are hung along the perimeter of the beds. Alternatively, you can take solid oil or honey as an adhesive. As you fill up with adhered butterflies, the boxes need to be changed.

Fumigators

In fact, they are no different from the devices that many are used to using to control mosquitoes at home. In terms of efficiency, they differ little from glue traps and allow in most cases not to process whitefly tomatoes with chemistry. Their disadvantages include serious financial costs and problems that can arise with a sufficiently large area of \u200b\u200bthe site.

Chemistry to help

To treat whitefly tomatoes chemical means it is necessary to choose dry, calm weather. It is best to spray in the evening to avoid scalding the plant. There is no need to chase an instant result and use hyper-toxic drugs. They accumulate in the soil and from there will enter the fruit.

• "". On 10 square meters you will need a solution of 10 ml of active ingredient and 10 liters of water.
• "" From whitefly has a similar scheme of application. Depending on the number of pests and the type of soil, for processing 100 square meters of the site, you will need from 0.5 to 2.5 liters of water and 5 ml of the drug. The solution should be applied at intervals of 15-20 days 3 times.
• "". One sachet (4 g) is enough to process 6-7 hectares (for 1 hectare - 0.6 g of the drug and 4 liters of water). The duration of the drug is no more than 4 weeks.

Important! Whitefly, like other garden pests, after 2-3 treatments with the same insecticide, develops immunity to it. Therefore, if it cannot be removed from the beds, this is precisely the reason. The correct model for the behavior of the gardener is the alternation of chemicals.

Protection methods with folk remedies

Folk remedies for whitefly control do not require significant investment. With timely application, they show a fairly high efficiency and health safety. But if the situation gets out of control, and the pests have completely occupied your site, they may not be enough to improve the situation.

• Rubbing the leaves cold water (best with a little soap). Not a bad method if you need to process a small number of bushes. Thus, larvae and eggs will be destroyed, which means that the spread of the population will be avoided.
• Reducing the air temperature to 10 degrees is only relevant for closed areas. A very effective way, but it involves serious material investments in the purchase of a special climatic technology... It should also be remembered that some eggs and larvae may still survive ice age conditions.
• Infusion of garlic. For 2 small cloves, 1 liter of water is needed, after which the infusion should be kept for at least a day in a dark and cool place. It is necessary to spray tomatoes from the whitefly 2-3 times (the interval between procedures is 1 week).
• Infusion of yarrow. It is prepared very simply: combine 80-90 g of carefully chopped leaves with 1 liter of water, mix everything well, leave to infuse for 2-3 days and then strain. The scheme of application is the same as for a soap solution.

How to prevent infection

The fight against whitefly on tomatoes, no matter what method, will be as effective as possible if the activities are carried out in conjunction with proper care for plants.

• Do not spray plantings in high humidity. The effectiveness of the procedure is critically reduced.
• Provide ventilation for plantings. In an open field, this recommendation does not make much sense, but in closed ground (whitefly on tomatoes in a greenhouse or greenhouse) a constant flow of fresh air will significantly reduce the likelihood of infection.
• Use specially formulated biostimulants designed to improve plant health. Good results are shown by such drugs as "Domotsvet", "Oberig" and "Epin". Their undoubted advantage in comparison with traditional means is a much more sparing attitude to health, therefore, if you have a choice, you should prefer them.
• Do not thicken the planting. Some gardeners try to use the area of \u200b\u200bthe site to the maximum, which is why they leave not enough space between the shoots. In addition to the fact that yields suffer from this, the lack of free space leads to the activation of pests, and most of the drugs that can kill the whitefly will show much lower efficiency.
• Use special varieties of tomatoes that are resistant to pests and diseases. You will have to pay a little more for them, but if whitefly is common enough in your area, it is worth spending a little money. The most popular varieties in our country are the varieties Akademik Sakharov, Arkino, Vystavochnik and Zasolochnoe miracle. It is also worth taking a closer look at "Orange Giant", "Heart of America", "Estonian" and "Giant Charm".

We dare to assume that you have your own established schemes of how to deal with whitefly on tomatoes. We will be glad if you share them - live dialogue always allows you to find new solutions to the problem.