Do-it-yourself reinforced concrete staircase. How to pour a concrete staircase: decades of experience and an innovative approach. The most budget options

Monolith products for a private house are often used. An example would be concrete steps entrance group, as well as a concrete staircase for interfloor transitions.

Such groups can be made for wooden houses, frame houses. This article will consider the manufacture of a monolithic concrete staircase for an interfloor device. We see from the name that the monolithic staircase has a significant weight.

We conclude that such stairs to do in wooden houses impractical, as they have wooden floors. Concrete stairs are mounted in buildings with prefabricated, monolithic, often ribbed reinforced concrete floors. These stairs are built at the time of the construction of the building box.

They can be used for their intended purpose without waiting for the completion of construction. Our article will give step-by-step instructions on how to make a concrete staircase to the second floor with your own hands.

The advantages of this ladder are strength, rigidity, lack of vibration and creaking. Such structures, due to proper design, have greater safety than other types of transitions. As for the decor, the cladding of the stairs, it can be replaced at any time.

Everything related to concrete heavy stairs means firmness, durability, practicality. Of the weaknesses, one can single out the lack of options for small, light stairs, and systems with a complex configuration.

So, let's divide into groups the advantages of building a monolithic concrete staircase:

• increased reliability, strength. Concrete calmly tolerates the presence of water, is not subject to changes due to temperature effects, is not subject to corrosion, rotting. Fungus with mold are not afraid of concrete. Steel reinforcement makes the structure super-resistant to various loads, chips, cracking;
• stability in aggressive environments. Resistant to frost, does not burn in the fire. These properties of concrete products are used in different climatic zones. Therefore, you can use concrete both from inside the building and for outdoor work;

• able to last for many years. If you use high grades of concrete, the structure will last a long time without the need to repair it. Maintenance is also not required;
• no squeaks, no noise. Concrete does not dry out like wood, does not crack. Therefore, you will not hear a creak. The noiselessness of the concrete structure results from the power that absorbs many sounds;
• using any form. Filling will be carried out in various types of formwork. You choose the size and shape of the formwork yourself;
• all kinds of finishing options. Monolithic reinforced concrete staircase various types materials (from soft carpets to hard ceramic granite).

Where in the house to place a staircase made of concrete

An important point in the construction of a staircase in a cottage is the space where a concrete staircase can be installed. It should be such that it is quiet on the stairs, it is convenient to use, safe. When designing a residential building, special, separate sites are not allocated for a monolithic system. Therefore, we will place the structure in an open space, we will fit it into the space of a living room or a hall.

You need to understand that the highest requirements for exterior decoration will be made to the stairs located in the living room. It should look impressive, elegant, more expensive than the design in the hall, hallway, or on a separately built stairwell. A concrete staircase to the basement can be built with minimal requirements for it.

When compared with wooden products, concrete counterparts look massive, heavy. The simplified form somewhat loses in appearance to the wooden ones.

The best place in the room for the construction of a concrete structure is the space against the wall. However, a flight of stairs would also not be a bad option.

Selecting the type of stairs

Before starting construction, you need to understand what type of staircase design to choose. It is necessary to make a selection of building materials, find suppliers. No need to save on the purchase of building materials, because this will affect the appearance and quality of the finished structure.

The made staircase does not need to be put into operation immediately, the bay is a step. Concrete must gain strength. This will take up to 1 month. After 30 days, the formwork must be removed.

It is important to determine the installation location of the structure, so that in the future it would be convenient to use, open and close the doors.

By execution, concrete stairs are divided into categories:

• direct single-march;
• direct two-march;
• screw (in the form of spirals).

Screw systems are considered attractive due to appearance, therefore, more often in demand by developers. During construction, they require the installation of additional rounded formwork. Such work is carried out only by prior order.

Simple to manufacture can be a straight single-flight structure located between two walls. With this design, it will not be necessary to think about how to finish the ends of the product, and the formwork system can be attached to the walls. It will be harder to build a monolithic, rounded structure based on one wall.

To finish the visible end, in the design it is worth using only sidebar. Having settled on a marching system that does not rely on walls, but load-bearing structures the span will rest on the ceilings from below, and on the upper supports. Formwork assembly in this embodiment is carried out with sidewalls.

Sometimes, it is not possible to build a single-march version, due to lack of space. Then a variant with a two-flight design with winder steps, flat areas between the segments of the stairs is used.

Concrete systems, according to their structure, are completely monolithic, prefabricated (from spans of industrial production), type-setting, combined.

The first option is done at the installation site, pouring a concrete solution into the formwork. Installed in any convenient location(on the porch, from the street, in the basement).

In the second option, there is a metal structure of a complicated assembly with concrete steps. Each step is cast using rebar and formwork. Building materials are crushed granite with marble chips. When the building materials harden, the surface is polished.

Ready-made segments, industrial assembly, prefabricated marches are mainly used in the construction of apartment complexes, however, having the most common crane, this option can be implemented at your facility. The main advantage of this solution is the price, of the disadvantages is the limitation of the size range.

Type-setting segments are made from a concrete part (stringer), individual steps that will look like a triangle, rectangle, corner shape. Concrete concrete stairs are made to order, in industrial workshops, according to pre-agreed parameters, mainly running shapes and sizes.

Stair calculation

Before starting construction, you need to make measurements, draw a plan, project or diagram of the future system. In the documentation, you need to note all the parts, indicate the exact dimensions. The drawings reflect the design features, the number of steps, their overall dimensions.

The concrete staircase in a private house has low steps - 18 cm, and the smallest segment in width is 90 cm. During the work, you will need knowledge about the thickness of the finishing materials.

Climb angle

The first parameter to consider is the angle of descent, the significance of which will affect the dimensions of the entire flight of stairs.

For example, if you have the same height, a 25 degree structure will be longer than a 40 and 45 degree span. By building a span with an angle of 45 degrees, the costs will be reduced by 2.4 times than the construction of a span with an angle of 25 degrees. The spans will be correlated as 3 meters to 6.4 meters.

It is necessary to choose the angle of inclination based on the appropriate dimensions of the march, the complex structure of the building, and ease of use.

Step sizes

Having chosen the desired height and slope angle, future steps should be designed. For this stage, you need to break down the concrete span into sectors. best value the width of the step will be a distance of up to 26 - 30 cm, with a height of 17 - 20 cm.

If you build steps higher, then it will be difficult to climb up the stairs, in particular for the elderly, children, those who are used to walking with a standard step. If you make steps less than 14 cm, it will not be comfortable for adults to walk, and children will like such climbs.

Ladder width

The width of the span in a private house depends on the amount of free space between the walls, in the area of ​​​​the construction of the stairs. The minimum distance will be 80 cm.

Otherwise, walking up (or down) the stairs, the tenant will feel like in a closed room or tunnel. If there is a need to lift the furniture upstairs, it will be extremely difficult to do this. The best to make a span of 90 cm and wider.

When designing a system, think about a security fence, especially if there are elderly people and children in the house. When the railings stand at the edges of the steps, the working area of ​​​​the marches will decrease. This point must be taken into account when designing.

Formwork assembly

The calculations are ready, and you can proceed with the installation of the formwork. Let's stock up first the right materials for the construction of spans:

• moisture-resistant plywood 12 - 18 mm, edged board from 30 mm on the bottom of the formwork, for risers and flanging;
• moisture-proof plywood 6 - 9 mm for the production of curved zones;
• supports from a bar 100x100mm (can be replaced with a rafter board 150 by 50 mm) in the form of supports;
• beams 100x100mm for supporting the plywood structure and boards;
• metal corner;
• metal fasteners (wood screws) 35 mm;
• concrete mortar, a rule for screeding excess mortar, a grater, a fixture, smoothing the edges of a concrete structure.

To make concrete smooth after hardening, it is necessary to grind wooden surfaces that will adhere to the concrete. If installed on smooth plywood, no sanding is required.

We assemble the formwork in stages:

1. To begin with, we will expose the lower part assembled from a thick board and sheet plywood. They are securely attached to each other with bars from the outside. The bottom of the system stands on supports made of beams, boards, despite the fact that the height of the supports will be equal to the height of the steps. All parts are fastened with self-tapping screws. When dismantling, they will simply be untwisted by dismantling the formwork system;
2. From the sides, it is necessary to put a flanging from a sheet, a board, reinforcing it with beams from the outside;
3. Next, you should fix the riser beams to the flanging, with iron corners;
4. Close the joints in the corners with a working compound, or level with a planer, grinder.

Formwork for a concrete staircase is assembled in a few simple steps.

Reinforcement

A small staircase in a residential area should be reinforced using a mesh, which is tied to reinforcement measuring 10 - 12 mm, at a distance of about 20 cm (having received cells with a section of 150x200mm).

We connect the pins using a knitting wire rod. Bulky knots are made from a reinforced body, made up of two cells, fastened with pins, or welded by a welder. The distance between two grids is up to 30 mm.

The frame is the skeleton of the entire system, on which the hardening mixture will attach. Based on this, horizontal rods must be fixed to the wall by drilling holes before that. The frame with the mesh is placed in the lower part of the formwork, 30 mm from the bottom. It is possible to raise the reinforcement to a given height using the height of spacers, stands, trimmings. Where there will be railings, it is worth hammering in pieces of wood, and mortgages.

Pouring concrete

For pouring, we prepare a brand of solution of at least M200. To mix the mixture with a concrete mixer, we use concrete in the following ratios: 30 shovels of crushed stone with a stone size of 10-20 mm, 20 shovels with sand, 10 shovels of cement.

Add 7 units of liquid to them. When the mixture turned out to be viscous, then add more liquid, until the solution is creamy.

After mixing the solution, you need to pour it correctly:

1. First we form the lower parts of the stairs;
2. We compact the concrete mixture with a rammer to create compaction and hardness. It is worth using ordinary fittings, piercing the mixture in different places. Professional builders usually use a special, vibrating press in such cases. With his action, he will squeeze out the concrete solution through the tree;
3. The steps are given the correct shape, smoothing the solution with a trowel;
4. Fill in the rest of the parts;
5. Pour the solution on the porch;
6. Cover the solution with a film, protecting it from cracking and rapid drying. If possible, the surface of the poured solution should be regularly watered with water. This will give the concrete strength and durability.

Formwork removal

Concrete will gain strength for about a month. After a week, up to a maximum of 10 days, you can remove the boards from the steps. The released areas are equalized with a grinder, a grinder (with circles for concrete).

After 31 months, the support bars are dismantled from the bottom of the span segment. And in a total of a month, the remaining boards are removed.

Staircase with soft material

After building the stairs, move on to the last step - finishing the stairs.

Monolithic stairs provide many finishes:

• having sheathed the entire staircase with wood on each side, one might think that the staircase is completely made of wood;
• build on concrete base wooden steps. It will look as if the pieces of wood were laid on top of the steps horizontally, and the boards were placed vertically on the steps. The entire upper plane of the stairs was sewn up. All side part remains concrete. It is puttied, sanded, tinted in the desired color, tiled.

What tiles are suitable for stairs

In a cottage, a monolithic staircase is rarely glued with tiles. Usually, this option is resorted to when the stairs lead to the basement, or to the porch.

Laying tiles is resorted to if the building is an office or commercial premises. The concrete staircase to the basement, tiled, looks good.

Finish lining

Do-it-yourself staircase made using removable formwork technology can be finished different materials. It's wood, laminate, ceramic tile, stone, carpet, ceramic granite. All these materials are laid on a flat, prepared surface.

If, after removing the formwork, irregularities, recesses, tubercles remain on the concrete surface, they must be removed with a grinder, grinder, or repaired with a mortar, putty. The ends are sealed with plaster, then coated with paint. Next, the steps are trimmed with one of the materials.

When buying tiles for surface cladding, consider the budget. You can buy budget tiles, or you can take natural stone, with rough edges.

The material is placed on tile adhesive, or cement mortar. Can be pasted over with mosaics, making up original compositions. This is a matter of taste, and the budget allocated for decoration. The concrete structure on the street can be tiled. However, do not forget that in winter the tiles become slippery, and you can get injured by slipping.

One of the best materials if you choose a tree for decoration, there will be Siberian larch. She is strong and not afraid of water. Exotic breeds that have been treated with antiseptics are suitable.

Laminate would also be a good finishing option. It, when choosing a resistant class, is resistant to abrasion, easy to install, durable material.

When living in the house of children, or the elderly, you can stay on a carpet-like surface. It is available in various colors and textures.

In case of insufficient budget, use the usual painting. In this case, choose a quality paint for concrete.

In the final choice of material for finishing the stairs, be guided not only by financial possibilities, but also by the external design. After all, the staircase will always be in sight, and will serve as a hallmark of your home. Sometimes it is better to use additional funding, and make a better finish, as the staircase is made with decades in mind.

Of all the existing structures, poured concrete stairs are perhaps the most durable and reliable. They have a lot of advantages - they are not subject to corrosion and external influences, are economical in price, and are also easy to calculate and install.

It is possible even for a beginner to make such a system with their own hands, if you follow certain rules and follow the instructions for calculation and installation below, illustrated with photos and videos.

Concrete staircase - design features

The poured concrete stair system has some design features, which you need to know and consider if you decide to build such a structure in your house with your own hands.

• Firstly, pouring stairs are made on the basis of a pre-welded metal frame and reinforcement - thus, if you decide to make a concrete system yourself, you must, among other things, also have the skills to work with a welding machine.
• Secondly, you must know how to make a concrete mixture in strictly defined proportions - the strength of the structure, its durability and functional characteristics depend on this.
• Thirdly, think in advance what kind of exterior finish (cladding) you will use - it can be brick, natural stone, wood and other materials. In addition, take care of the reliable fencing of the poured concrete system.

Calculation of a poured concrete staircase

To get a functional and practical ladder system made of concrete, before proceeding directly to its manufacture with your own hands, you need to calculate it correctly.

The instruction for the calculation of a concrete structure consists of the following main steps:

• Determine the height of the structure.
• Choose the angle of inclination.
• We calculate the length of the flight of stairs.
• We make calculations of the number of steps.
• We make a sketch according to measurements and calculations.

Calculate the height of the stairs

The height of the concrete structure is determined empirically: measure with a tape measure the distance from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second floor (it is also the ceiling of the first level). Record the result.

Tilt angle

by the most optimal angle the slope of the stairs is a generally accepted indicator of 30 to 45 degrees. If elderly people or small children live in the house, then the most comfortable slope will be an angle in the range from 30⁰ to 35⁰. In any case, you should not make the stairs steeper than at an angle of 45 degrees, otherwise it will not be safe to walk on it.

Determine the length of the march

The photo below clearly shows how to determine the length of a flight of stairs (segment AB) using the laws of trigonometry: this segment will be equal to the sum of segments AC and CD squared:

Calculate the number of steps

The number of steps is determined based on the standard generally accepted values ​​for the width and height of the tread:

• width - from 25 to 39 cm;
• comfortable height - 18 cm.

The number of steps can be determined very simply: divide the length of the stairs by the height of the steps. For example, the length of the structure is 350 cm, the step height is 18 cm, then:

350: 18 = 19 steps.

Making a drawing

According to the calculations, we can now draw a sketch of the future concrete structure. In this figure, all measurements taken and the main dimensions of the filler ladder should be indicated.

Based on the measurements and calculations made, draw a sketch of your concrete structure.

Installation instructions

Now we can proceed directly to the installation of the concrete pouring system. In order to make a staircase with your own hands correctly and efficiently, you need to follow the following step-by-step instructions:

• We collect formwork.
• We install the reinforcement cage.
• Pour the concrete mixture into the formwork.
• We are waiting for drying and we carry out finishing work.

Before starting work, determine its main stages and follow them clearly

We assemble the formwork

Do-it-yourself installation of the bottom of the formwork can be done using a plywood sheet. It is better to make this frame from waterproof plywood with a thickness of at least 15 mm.

After the bottom is installed, it is necessary to make the sides of the pallet from the boards and the same plywood, attaching them with self-tapping screws.

We install fittings

When the pallet is ready, it is necessary to install a reinforcing cage in it. For this, a corrugated rod with a diameter of about 12 mm is used, the knitting of which is carried out with a metal wire and a hook.

The frame is made double - 2 crates with a cell of 200 × 200 or 200 × 150 mm are connected to each other on the sides and tacked through 50-60 cm in the center.

Pouring concrete

At this stage of installation, do-it-yourself concrete mixture is poured into the formwork, which can be done based on the video below.

It is necessary to start pouring from the lower steps, because. the solution will slide from top to bottom. On the steps, notches should be made with a shovel so that there are no voids in the monolith.

The steps must be smoothed with a trowel so that the surface is even when it hardens.

Finishing work

After the mixture has completely hardened (it will take at least a few days), you can begin work on finishing the stairs. You can overlay it with bricks, decorate it with wood or stone.

Video: how to make a concrete staircase with your own hands

The video below shows the process of making a concrete staircase system with your own hands.

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Choosing a ladder reinforcement scheme
Assembling the reinforcing cage of the stairs

Before reinforcement concrete stairs it is necessary to assemble the formwork of the stairs, and then perform the concreting of the stairs. How to do it yourself is described in the article Do-it-yourself concrete stairs.

Bar reinforcement is great for reinforcing concrete stairs with simple shapes.

To understand what and why to reinforce, let's look at the forces that arise on a single-flight staircase.

This will be the force of gravity from the own weight of the stairs, its pedestrians, things brought in and other heavy property. All of the above puts pressure on the stairs from above.

At the same time, in the upper part of the stair slab, the concrete is compressed, and in the lower part it is stretched. All this means that concrete, which is weak in tension, needs to be reinforced at the bottom of the stair slab. In the upper part of the slab of the stairs, in this case, there is no need to reinforce the concrete, where the concrete will perfectly withstand compressive forces without any reinforcement. It should be noted that some private developers, when assembling the reinforcing cages of stairs, lay steel channels, angles, beams, etc. into the formwork on the sides.

Of course, it won’t get any worse, but this is a completely useless waste of metal that is not cheap today. Reinforcement of a concrete staircase with reinforcement at the bottom is more than enough to absorb tensile forces.

The figure shows a reinforcement scheme for a simple single-flight staircase. It can be seen that a single-flight monolithic staircase (without a monolithic platform or winders) is reinforced only in the lower part of the slab, that is, where tensile forces are concentrated.

Sometimes you can find projects where the top of the stairs near the top surface of the concrete is reinforced with a 100x100x5 mm steel mesh. Such a mesh practically does not increase the rigidity of a monolithic staircase in any way, but only protects the steps from chipping in case of accidental strong impacts.
Such a simple nature of the impact on a simple single-flight staircase allows you to use a simplified methodology to draw up a reinforcement scheme.

It is quite possible to determine the optimal reinforcement scheme for such simple monolithic stairs on your own.

Designations in the figure of the concrete staircase reinforcement scheme: working height of the monolithic staircase slab (H), length of the flight of stairs (L).

The distance between the transverse reinforcement (E) is usually chosen to be 40 cm. Bars with a diameter of 10 mm are used as transverse reinforcement. The optimal distance of power reinforcement to the surface is 3 cm.

The height of the working plate of the stairs (H), the diameter of the longitudinal reinforcement and the distance between the bars of the longitudinal reinforcement (I) is selected according to the table. 1 depending on the free flight of stairs (L).

Table 1. Determination of the longitudinal reinforcement of a single-flight concrete staircase

In the case of a two-flight staircase with a monolithic platform, the forces that arise in the construction of a monolithic staircase, the reinforcement scheme of the concrete staircase becomes more complicated.

The picture shows that, unlike a conventional single-flight ladder without a platform, the own and useful weight of the ladder wants to break off the platforms, as it were, causing tensile forces in the upper parts of the monolithic platforms.

This, in part, is helped by shrinkage stresses. Therefore, monolithic platforms are reinforced both from below and from above, and the upper reinforcement in the platforms partially continues in the stairs. The parameters of the upper reinforcing cage are selected similarly to the lower reinforcement.

The landings of double-flight stairs are under great effort from the weight of the stairs, and therefore must be firmly fixed to the wall.

In practice, to fix monolithic platforms, reinforced concrete crowns are most often used, which are formed by recesses in the walls with an average size of 20x20 cm. Thus, in order to fix a monolithic concrete platform, strong and thick walls are needed, for example, from concrete, concrete blocks or bricks . With brick walls, free recesses are left in them, and in the case of erecting thick walls of monolithic concrete, wooden trapeziums or foam plastic products of the appropriate size are laid at the site location to the formwork.

If the walls are built using the “thermal house” monolithic casting technology, then it is most practical to monolith the flights of stairs and the landing at the stage of wall construction.

Stairs with monolithic platforms to increase structural rigidity should be attached from above to the reinforcing cage with top and bottom reinforcement.

As for the do-it-yourself concrete staircase reinforcement schemes with winder steps and spiral staircases, their reinforcement schemes with bar reinforcement are too complex and individual.

To compile them, at least, you will have to use special programs for calculations and design of reinforced concrete structures.

Do-it-yourself concrete staircase and its finishing options

Therefore, the design of the reinforcement scheme for such stairs is best entrusted to professional designers, especially since the project itself will be relatively inexpensive in the total cost of a complex staircase.

In order for the bars of the reinforcement cage to maintain their design position in accordance with the reinforcement scheme, you need to fasten all the bars of the reinforcement together. For fastening reinforcing meshes, either spot welding or knitting can be used.

There is an opinion that welding leads to a decrease in the strength of the reinforcement, but this is true only if special high-strength reinforcement is used. In this case, indeed, high-strength hardened reinforcement due to heat treatment at the welding points turns into ordinary building reinforcement. Such high-strength fittings are expensive and are produced by only a few factories in the CIS on special orders.

For conventional building reinforcement, welding does not harm in any way and is the main method of connecting reinforcing cages in industry.

Assembling the reinforcing cage of the stairs

If not at hand welding machine, then the reinforcing mesh can simply be tied with annealed knitting wire using a hook.

Hook for fast binding is convenient to clamp in an electric screwdriver.

It is even more convenient to fasten reinforcing cages with the help of electrical plastic clamps. The truth about this method of connecting fittings is so far hushed up by domestic SNiPs, but this method of bonding is already being used to the fullest abroad and at private construction sites.

To maintain a distance between the bottom of the formwork and the reinforcement of 3 cm, it is convenient to use plastic clamps, which are sold in building supermarkets.

For a monolithic staircase, it is preferable to use a retainer shaped like a "chair".

Sometimes it is not possible to assemble a reinforcing cage from continuous bars of the desired length.

It is difficult to do this when connecting on bends, since it is not convenient to bend the reinforcement without a bending machine. In this case, it is possible to connect power reinforcement from pieces. The connection is made by welding or ligament. As welding, the easiest way is to use manual electric arc seam welding between the bars of the reinforcement. When welding the bars with an overlap on both sides of the joint, there must be at least 6 diameters, and with a weld on only one side, at least 12 diameters.

In the case of a two-flight staircase with a monolithic platform, the diameter of the wire, which is taken to fix two reinforcing meshes, must be at least 6 mm. If the power reinforcement is connected to each other by tying, then the overlap should be (on average) equal to 50 diameters of the connected reinforcement.

If there are several joints to be connected, then they are staggered so that they are at a distance of 0.7–1 m from each other.

The construction of houses, dachas, cottages has recently been one of the most common "hobbies" for most Russians. Who is richer, he hires professional builders, someone is trying to slowly cope on their own. It is this category that most often searches for building advice on the Internet.

It is for those who want to build their own house with their own hands, our guide about how - " How to make a concrete staircase yourself».

Stairs are usually installed in buildings of more than one floor, but sometimes stairs are required to be made into the basement.

After all, no one can do without a basement today a private house. Where else to store the "gifts of nature": potatoes, pickles, preservation and jam?

The most durable and durable is a concrete staircase. And, by the way, the process of its arrangement is quite within the power of a skilled owner.

Calculation of a concrete staircase

If interfloor stairs in a house under construction are planned from concrete, then their calculation is done at the project stage.

How to make a concrete staircase with your own hands: recommended dimensions, materials and technology

If it became necessary to equip a staircase for descending to the basement or basement, then measurements should be taken on the spot, a drawing should be made for the future structure, and then proceed with its construction. Before you make a concrete staircase yourself, you should consider involving a specialist in the work.

In order for the stairs to be comfortable, it is necessary to remember the standard building codes that have been used for a long time.

So, the optimal width of the stairs is 1 meter, the minimum is 80 cm, and the maximum is optional. The optimal step height is 17-18 cm (if facing is planned, then the height of the facing material is minus).

Convenient step width - 28-30 cm, i.e. on the length of the foot, (if the staircase is made with winder steps, then their width is calculated based on the angle of rotation of the stairs).

When calculating stairs, the angle of elevation is important. Optimal - 30-35 degrees. It is important to observe the distance from the ceiling to any step, which cannot be less than 2 m.

Sequence of work

Work must be carried out in a strict sequence:

• mount the formwork;
• to reinforce the frame of the future stairs;
• concrete steps.

The most time-consuming process is the installation of formwork.

The simplest formwork is made for stairs laid between two walls that perform load-bearing functions. The marking of the future stairs is done directly on the wall and the frame itself is attached to them.

For stairs, which are attached to the wall only on one side, it will be necessary to provide supports.

We put the formwork

The actual formwork for a concrete staircase is a box, at the bottom of which there is a solid slab (it is advisable to close it with a film), side walls that correspond to the shape of the steps, and transverse boards that form the steps themselves.

With a step length of up to one meter, you need to take boards with a thickness of 30-40 mm, and if more than a meter, then you do not need to compact them with a second board. Boards for end formwork can have a thickness of about 30 mm.

Formwork elements can be fastened with wood screws with a diameter of 3.5 mm, they are easier to remove during dismantling than nails.

Corner elements are best connected using metal corners.

The boards that form the steps are set with a slight offset - the second step is made 2 centimeters below the top edge of the first. According to this principle, formwork is built for all other steps. This is done so that the concrete does not fall out from under the boards.

To prevent concrete from soaking into the wooden parts of the formwork, it is abundantly moistened before concreting, or protected with a waterproofing material.

The manufactured formwork must be well strengthened, since the concrete is very heavy and a cubic meter weighs 2.5 thousand kilograms. Therefore, the reinforcement is also attached to the side supports by about 15-25 cm.

For non-professional builder the procedure for knitting the reinforcement necessary to give strength to the stairs will be difficult.

Reinforcing cage manufacturing

As a rule, steel ribbed reinforcement with a diameter of 10 - 12 mm is used, which is knitted at the intersections with wire.

There must be at least 3 cm between the bottom of the formwork and the reinforcement.

If you plan to install a railing, then you should make mortgages from wood.

After that, you can start concreting.

Remember that the steps and the slab are poured with concrete in one step. The optimal composition of concrete contains 10 parts of cement, 30 parts of crushed stone, 20 parts of sand, 7 parts of water.

Pouring concrete into the formwork begins from the bottom step, after pouring the mass is rammed and smoothed with a trowel.

Between concreting the steps, it is better to take short breaks - 5-10 minutes to contain the pressure of the concrete.

After pouring all the steps, it is advisable to cover the steps with a film so that the concrete does not crack when it dries quickly.

It is better to start dismantling the formwork after three to four weeks, when the concrete is completely dry. The staircase is ready: it remains to finish it to your taste.

08.12.2013 at 15:12

I. General information

II. Product Main Features

Design

V. Scope

VI. Sample project

VII. Do-it-yourself reinforced concrete staircase manufacturing

VIII. Installation

IX. The average cost of stairs made of reinforced concrete

During the construction of buildings, everything is developed in detail technical details related to engineering projects, construction technologies and building materials.

Multi-storey buildings, cottages, schools, kindergartens, institute buildings, banks, industrial complexes and many other residential and industrial structures have reinforced concrete stairs + reinforced concrete flights of stairs in their master plan.

I. General information

Reinforced concrete staircase and flight of stairs are connecting elements that are installed in special openings between floors or levels (this opening is called a staircase).

These elements are subject to constant kinetic or mechanical stress. Reinforced concrete products are manufactured at reinforced concrete plants, according to standard sizes and building codes applying concrete grade M300. And privately to order - according to individual sketches.

Flights for stairs is an inclined component of the stair structure, which includes load-bearing beams and a certain number of steps (from 3 to 18 steps).

Standard march width, exactly 90cm.

II. Product Main Features

- durable monolithic construction,
- has a long service life
- not subject to destructive effects from sudden temperature changes,
- does not rot and is not destroyed by insects or rodents,
- has high resistance to chemical and mechanical influences,
- does not tend to age
- has high wear resistance,
– the possibility of diversity in the decorative and finishing design of the flooring,
- the ability to manufacture any shape and configuration,
- acceptability of price and quality,
- stair steps are reinforced concrete, fire-resistant and durable.

Reinforced concrete stairs and marches have one single minus - the weighting of the overall structure of the building.

III.

By methodology production process and engineering technology products are divided into:
- on a monolithic type (prefabricated),
- combined type.

By the number of marches used, concrete stairs are classified:
- on single-march,
- double march
- three-march
- and screw.

The form is: straight, L-shaped, U-shaped, U-shaped, curved, screw and exclusive configuration.

According to GOST, reinforced concrete flights of stairs are divided into the following types:
— flat march without frieze step elements (LM)
- march of ribbed type with equipment of frieze steps (LMF),
- ribbed march with a half-platform (LMP).

IV.

Design

All reinforced concrete elements of the stairs - marches, steps, platforms and beams, as well as additional components and fastening materials make up the reinforced concrete structures of the stairs, which are obviously displayed in the design documentation of the house, namely in the drawing of the staircase.

The design parameters of the prefabricated modification divide the products into small-sized and large-sized ones.

The small group is assembled from individual elements the structure, which includes steps, stringers (or without stringers), platform beams and slabs.

The heaviest of this design are platform beams (300-450kg).

Large-sized or industrial stairs differ in size and number structural elements: platforms and marches.

v.

Application area

– industrial complexes of all kinds,
- schools and kindergartens,
- airport and railway stations,
- cinemas and restaurants,
- higher buildings educational institutions,
- ordinary stairs for a reinforced concrete house up to 3 floors,
- multi-storey frame, brick, stone houses and other areas.

VI.

Sample project

The development of drawing and technical information with the provision of all structural details of the future stairs is a standard project. Several options with drawings are provided for consideration by the customer. They include technical drawings with component parts and their dimensions. Drawings can be drawn up individually for each type of stairs. Namely: with straight, L-shaped, U-shaped, U-shaped, curved, spiral staircases.

How to make a concrete staircase with your own hands

In three dimensions and in section, all the complexities of the future structure in combination with the interior of the house are clearly visible.


A typical design of a staircase complex is carried out before the construction of a house (low-rise or multi-storey buildings). It is included in the general construction project.

All details of the project plan are negotiated and agreed with the customer. A typical project for the installation of reinforced concrete stairs and marches can be ordered from state design organizations or private design bureaus.

List of detailed information of the drawing part of the project
exact technical marks for high-rise installation,
range of horizontal and vertical plane,
clearance niches for fastening products;
parameters of concrete steps,
all technical data for establishing beam products,
calculation of the resistance of buildings to the additional weight of stairs,

Typical projects are divided into standard (for multi-storey buildings), and non-standard or customized(for private houses).

The first includes prefabricated stairs (factory), consisting of two elements: stairs and march. To the second - all other options.

In typical projects of private houses up to 3 floors and above, they take into account: firstly, the size of the site allocated for construction or installation, secondly, the manufacturing and installation technology, the type of raw materials used in production and the shape of the staircase, thirdly, the place provided for installation (bearing walls, the middle of the hall) and the geographical area.

The number of steps, width, height and shape are agreed with the customer.

VII. Do-it-yourself reinforced concrete staircase manufacturing

The question always arises “how to make a reinforced concrete staircase with your own hands?” This job requires some skills in construction industry, as well as to perfectly study the installation stages: assembly of the formwork, installation of the framework from the reinforcement and concrete pouring frame.

Formwork assembly is the most sensitive moment– an accurate selection of formwork for each element is carried out.

Can serve as formwork wooden planks, plywood and metal sheets. When installing the wooden formwork, it is necessary to soak it in water to prevent the absorption of moisture from the concrete and the violation of the geometric shape of the steps, etc.

elements. An easy option for manual installation is the option of a wall ladder or an inter-wall ladder. The most difficult operation is the manufacture of formwork for a spiral staircase type.

All options are inherent in the installation of supporting beams from a thick beam.

After final assembly and reinforcement of formwork sections, marches and platforms are reinforced. The role of reinforcement is performed by metal rods and mesh. The final step is pouring concrete. To prepare the concrete composition, you will need cement, sand, crushed stone. All components are diluted with water, then mixed in a concrete mixer for 15 minutes.

Using buckets, the solution is poured into the formwork.

Within 25-28 days, concrete takes one hundred percent maturity time to start decorating. natural wood, laminate, thick plastic, cork - ideal for finishing work.

Precise technological execution phased construction will give concrete structures strength and appropriate resistance to various destructive environments.

All do-it-yourself products, elements and stairs (reinforced concrete) have a number of advantages, namely: high resistance to mechanical stress due to the applied building materials, special decorative trim and various exclusive forms, therefore stairs in private houses, reinforced concrete, are preferred by all customers who have country houses.

VIII.

Installation

Installation begins with the pouring of the concrete pad on the first floor in the flight of stairs. Precise marks are made in advance for reinforced concrete structures. Each plate is checked for defects.

Installation steps: stringers of 2 marches go into the nests of platform beams. The stepped part is superimposed on the stringers, resting on it with its ends, while the leading edge rests on the step lying below.

The march consists of two steps - lower and upper. Their purpose is the transition to the site. In turn, the site is a reinforced concrete slab with an emphasis, which serves as the bearing walls of the building or concrete beams. The handrails are attached with screws to the grate.

The connection of these structural elements is carried out by welding.

Factory marches have a solid section, and treads are folded or overhead. Handrails are delivered to the site in finished form and installed on site. The weight of the reinforced concrete element reaches 1t.

When installing reinforced concrete large-sized positions, teams of professional builders and special equipment (crane) are involved. The installation technology is carried out simultaneously with the construction of high-rise buildings. phasing technological process it is recommended to strictly observe otherwise it is fraught with unforeseen circumstances - the collapse of staircases or cracks in load-bearing walls and the products themselves.

Installation of stairs on metal stringers reinforced concrete is the easiest option and consists in: installation of stringers, installation of formwork and reinforcement, the last - pouring concrete.

Such an architectural composition can be installed anywhere. Mounted without the use of additional equipment, unless the weight of marches does not exceed 350-400kg.

IX. The average cost of stairs made of reinforced concrete

To the attention of builders - combined reinforced concrete stairs can be bought in ready-made prefabricated form at factories. And also individually it is possible to make reinforced concrete flights of stairs to order in professional companies for the production of reinforced concrete products.

Product type (length) (width) (height) (weight) price

ML30-60-10(9 speed) (3610.0) (1050.0) (1200.0) (1.80) 10570r
ML30-60-12(9 speed) (3610.0) (1200.0) (1200.0) (2.0) 11860r
ML36-60-13(11 speed) (4280.0) (1350.0) (1200.0) (2.70) 17970r
1LM30.11.15-4 (3000.0) (1050.0) (2500.0) (1.480) 9850r
1LM30.12.15-4 (3000.0) (1200.0) (2500.0) (1.70) 10500r
LM1(3910.0) (1050.0) (1600.0) (1.920) 11650r
LM2(4250.0) (1050.0) (1800.0) (2.080) 10750r

Stair structures made of monolithic concrete

During construction country houses and apartments in several levels are used stairs. These integral elements must be practical and safe.

Most often, monolithic concrete stairs have recently begun to be used, since they do not need to be processed after pouring and have a number of undeniable advantages.

1. Calculations and drafting
2. Manufacturing

Device options and advantages

The structure can be both indoors and outdoors and, depending on the type, consists of one or two inclined beams and steps.

As load-bearing elements can be used:

• Stringer of a monolithic staircase - can be made of reinforced concrete or steel, the steps are attached from above.
• Bowstring - the steps are inserted into the grooves located on the inside. It is made of reinforced concrete, steel or wood.

Monolithic stairs made of concrete have a number of undeniable advantages: strength, durability, high environmental friendliness.

The design does not require frequent repairs, can be made according to custom order. The advantages are relatively inexpensive materials and work.

It is very important that high-quality monolithic stairs made of concrete are silent and safe.

Main types

Step products are different:

• A concrete staircase for a house can be completely monolithic.

  It is poured into a pre-prepared formwork, dismantled after solidification cement mortar. It is worth noting that for the home this option has recently been used infrequently. There are several reasons for this, but the main one lies in the large weight, due to which the load on the foundation increases significantly. But the basement or courtyard stairs made of concrete are not uncommon today.

• Combined - made of cement-sand mortar and metal.

  They consist of a stainless steel frame and concrete steps. In this case, the formwork is assembled for each of them separately.

There is another classification of monolithic concrete stairs:

• Marching - may contain 1, 2 or more spans, called marches. According to building codes, the ideal angle is 45˚. The most optimal march is considered to have 9 steps, sometimes it is advisable to use more, although then you will also have to make a landing.

  In width, it should be the same as the span, and its length should not exceed 1.5 medium steps. This type is one of the most common.

• Screw or spiral - are a more complex design, so they are not used very often.

  They are not very convenient, but take up little space, so they can be used in small areas. Screw monolithic reinforced concrete stairs are calculated and designed much easier than marching ones.

  Do-it-yourself concrete staircase - calculations, installation, tips on how to do it

  So, if the length of the steps is 0.5 m, the length of the entire staircase structure will be approximately 2 times longer. In the interior of modern houses and multi-level apartments, they look very elegant and stylish. They can be successfully combined with marching ones. So, in the main part of the house, a product of the first type is installed, for example, from the 1st to the 2nd floor, and from the 2nd to the attic - a spiral staircase, which will save not only money, but also space.

The product can be ordered from professional builders or made independently.

It should be noted right away that this is a very time-consuming process, and for those who have never worked with a cement-sand mixture, it is better not to undertake it, as this will jeopardize the safety of movement. Do not forget that a monolithic staircase with your own hands should be made of high-strength concrete.

It should be thick and not slide out of the formwork, thus violating the symmetry.

In order to calculate the height, you need to measure it from the floor to the part of the wall where the last step will end.

After that, visually draw a diagonal from the end point to the floor so that you get a right triangle. Then calculate the most optimal march width, length and height of each step. Do not forget to deduct the height of the upper floor slab, as well as those that will serve as the base of the stairs and its platform, if you decide to make a two-flight structure.

Write down all the calculations on paper and draw a drawing. When calculating the height of the steps, do not forget that they will be lined with some material, such as plastic or carpet, their thickness must be taken into account.

We make a staircase with our own hands

Only the highest quality materials are used. The grade of concrete for the manufacture of a monolithic staircase should not be less than M-300.

• Start with formwork assembly. It is necessary so that the cement-sand mixture does not leak out and does not spread, it is advisable to use moisture-resistant plywood. Do not forget about the special adhesive lubricant, which will help to easily and without damaging the surface to dismantle the prefabricated equipment.
• Reinforced mesh, consisting of strong metal rods, welded together by a point method, is an indispensable component of both mid-flight monolithic stairs and spiral ones.

  It performs the function of a skeleton that prevents concrete from cracking and crumbling.

• After the formwork and reinforced mesh are ready, you can start concreting monolithic stairs. It should be noted that they are installed before finishing dwellings during construction. Make sure that the concrete is viscous and start pouring it into the formwork. It is more convenient to do this from the top step.

  It is very important to monitor the absence of bubbles and voids; each freshly poured step must be tamped. To do this, use a vibrator.

Stair structures made of monolithic concrete can be used only after the surface has completely dried. And facing work is best left at the time of completion. interior decoration Houses.

Price

If you do not want to do the work yourself, then you can turn to specialists.

The price of a monolithic concrete staircase in Moscow in this case will be approximately as follows:

Do-it-yourself monolithic concrete staircase: photo and video instruction

Concrete is a material of extraordinary strength and durability. But for the builder, its most interesting property is the plasticity of the freshly prepared mixture. If structures from other materials are precisely constructed, that is, they are made up of elements, then concrete ones are poured according to the finished form.

A monolithic concrete staircase is without a doubt the most durable of all.

In this case, the view can be more than fantastic. In this lesson, you will learn how to make a monolithic concrete staircase with your own hands without the involvement of specialists.

To do this, you only need desire, perseverance, patience and determination.

Varieties of construction

According to the method of manufacturing concrete stairs are classified into two types:

1. monolithic - the march and the landing, if any, are a single unit and are made as one structure.

   For a monolithic concrete staircase, the price varies depending on the structure;

2. combined - march elements are produced separately. For example, set metal carcass and steps for stairs are made of concrete.

In the first case, the entire process is carried out at the installation site. In the second, the structure is only assembled on site.

Do-it-yourself calculation, installation, pouring and finishing of concrete stairs

In the photo - monolithic stairs made of concrete.

Requirements

A concrete structure, with its other advantages, has one significant minus for private construction - a lot of weight.

Therefore, before deciding how to make a concrete staircase in the house, you first need to make sure that the wall and floor can withstand such a load.

A standard march 4 m long and 1 m wide march weighs about 2.5 tons. Such structures should be supported by either a monolithic foundation or a reinforced concrete beam.

When installing in an already finished building, another difficulty may arise.

If a layer of heat insulator is placed under the coating, then under the weight of the march it will push through. Before installation, it is necessary to disassemble the floor and remove the insulation.

Construction of concrete stairs

This whole process is laborious and lengthy, since the installation of the formwork, and pouring, and, most importantly, the hardening of the material, take a lot of time.

However, a do-it-yourself concrete staircase is a doable task.

Do-it-yourself work on the construction of concrete stairs is carried out in several stages:

• layout;
• formwork device;
• reinforcement;
• pouring concrete.

preliminary calculations

Making a concrete staircase will not require excessive effort if its construction is foreseen at the planning stage.

The easiest option is to make steps between two walls. And the formwork in this case is simple, and the volume of concrete is minimal.

If the building has already been built, then the arrangement of stairs will depend on the parameters of the room.

When choosing a project, you need to remember some features:

• the steeper the march angle, the less concrete will be required and the lower the price of the product.

  But at the same time, the greater the slope, the more difficult it is to rise and fall along it;

• it is easier to build a landing than winder steps;
• For spiral staircases will require a lot of custom-shaped formwork panels, which will greatly complicate installation. The price goes up as well.
• when calculating, it is necessary to take into account the recommended sizes of steps, otherwise it will be extremely inconvenient to use it.

Formwork manufacturing

In fact, this is a wooden form on which concrete is poured.

Formwork is constructed from plywood 12-18 mm thick or edged boards 3 cm.

1. If the formwork for a concrete staircase is intended to be used once, then the material is not protected. If repeatedly, then the product is covered with glassine, old linoleum, roofing material.
2. The material is fastened with wood screws: nails are difficult to remove after concreting.
3. For props and temporary racks, a beam with a cross section of up to 10 * 10 cm is used. The number of props is calculated based on the fact that a pine beam 3 m long can withstand up to 150 kg.
4. All elements are cut from plywood or boards with a jigsaw and assembled according to a sketch.

   When finished, the formwork looks like a staircase model, in which only the upper part of the step and platform are missing.

5. It is better to make side formwork from plywood, the bottom from boards, as shown in the photo.

Reinforcement of the staircase structure

Before pouring the formwork of the stairs with concrete, reinforcement is made.

The metal frame significantly increases the strength of the product, prevents cracking and crumbling of concrete. Mounting rods and steel mesh are used.

1. At the stage of installing the formwork in the wall, you need to make strobes for attaching mounting rods.
2. Transverse rods are fixed in the strobes, then longitudinal rods are laid - the step between them depends on the length of the span.
3. Reinforcing bars are fastened either by spot welding or wire knitting.

   The latter method is more appropriate for a small amount of work.

4. The resulting frame mesh should rise 5–10 mm above the bottom. To do this, plastic bosses are installed under the grid.
5. The side edge of the step is reinforced with a reinforcing bar, the top is reinforced with a flat steel mesh fixed to the main frame.

Stair concreting

For pouring concrete stairs, a mortar grade of at least B15 is used.

The composition is made independently in a concrete mixer. IN ready solution it is necessary to add at least 4 parts of crushed stone (fraction 10 - 20 millimeters) so that the concrete does not flow out of the formwork during pouring.

The technology for the construction of stairs made of concrete provides for a sequence of the following steps:

1. Concreting of stairs is done at a time, so it is advisable to prepare the solution in one portion.
2. The formwork is wetted with water.
3. Filling is done from the bottom up.
4. The steps are rammed and carefully leveled with a trowel.
5. Concrete surfaces are covered with a film to prevent uneven drying.
6. Formwork and supports are removed after the concrete has hardened - not earlier than after 4 weeks.

Concrete monolithic stairs are designed for the most severe operating conditions.

For external structures, it is difficult to find a more resistant and unpretentious material. Inside the building, the attractiveness of the structure is equally important. Finishing is possible the most diverse: wood paneling, cladding artificial stone or ceramic tiles, a combination of materials. The choice of design depends only on the features of the interior and personal tastes.

The video below will tell you in detail about the construction of a monolithic concrete staircase on your own!

Good luck with your construction!

Do-it-yourself monolithic concrete staircase: video

Reading time ≈ 4 minutes

Making a durable concrete staircase is best suited for private homes. The purchase of materials does not require significant costs, the work can be carried out on their own. Before starting construction, it is only important to draw up the correct drawing, make calculations, and conduct correct preparation. Do-it-yourself concrete stairs are being erected without much difficulty: you just need to take into account step by step instructions and expert advice.

Formwork assembly

Before starting work, you need to prepare a strobe for pouring the marching platform. The depth of the strobe should be about 10 cm.

After pouring concrete, the thickness of the flight of stairs will be 15 cm.

Structural reinforcement and concrete pouring

The fabrication of the structure will be reliable only if the reinforcement is correct. Therefore, any monolithic concrete staircase must include reinforcement with a diameter of at least 10-12 mm. They should be placed along the shields at a distance of about 10-15 cm.

At the top, the ladder rests on a slab and reinforcement must be driven into it. The reinforcement is connected to each other by wire.

It is important that at the bottom the stairs rest on the slab in the place where the foundation wall passes (this must be taken into account when planning the house). If the support of the march of the concrete stairs is simply on the slab without support from below, then the slab itself may burst, because. the weight of the monolithic staircase is impressive.

Side shields are installed from the board and timber. Boards for the construction of steps are attached to them. The optimal step height is approximately 17-20 cm, but it all depends on the angle of inclination of the stairs, the width of the tread. If desired, the contractor can make a concrete staircase to the second floor with slightly smaller or larger transitions. Additionally, the step boards are interconnected to create a solid structure.

After the formwork is installed, concrete is poured according to the following scheme:

1. The first couple of steps are filled.
2. A similar pouring of steps is carried out up to the march span. Next, the site itself is filled with a solution.
3. Further filling of steps is carried out up to the floor slabs of the second floor.
4. The concrete is compacted with a vibrator (it allows you to remove air bubbles in the concrete).

In work it is recommended to use concrete of the M250-300 brand. Before starting work, auxiliary supports should be installed, which will prevent the structure from moving due to too heavy mortar. It will be difficult to manually prepare the required volume of the mixture, so you should use a concrete mixer and an assistant in your work. When the correct pouring of the concrete stairs is completed, the performer will only need to wait for the time for the solution to completely solidify.

Features of formwork removal

In order for the ongoing production of a concrete staircase to be correctly completed, there is no need to rush to remove the formwork. It is recommended to remove side boards and step boards no earlier than after 7-14 days. It is advisable to wait 1.5 weeks - this period will be enough for a good setting of the solution. After another 1-2 weeks, the vertical supports and the lower formwork are removed. At this stage, the stairs in the concrete house can be fully used for further construction work.

The above instructions with photos and videos will help you understand how to make a concrete staircase yourself. But it is important to take into account the accuracy of the subsequent work. Completely hardened concrete should be sanded, eliminating surface irregularities. If necessary, you can finish with wood, tiles and other wear-resistant materials. But it should be borne in mind that the load on the stairs should not be significant.

A concrete staircase can not only fulfill its direct functional duties, but also become an excellent design decision for your home.

The presence of stairs in the house can be not only functional, but also stylish, as in itself it is an excellent element of decor. But a ladder made with your own hands gives a reason to brag about your skills to the owner of the home and will become a source of pride at home. In addition, it should be noted that its independent installation does not require as much effort as it might seem at first glance.

How to make a concrete staircase

A concrete staircase is one of the most reliable and more durable structures, unlike its wooden brothers.

Varieties of concrete stairs

Concrete stairs are divided into two types:

1. Monolithic. This type of concrete stairs is installed in almost all places, for example, in basements, on the streets or for a porch.

2. Combined. The same type of concrete stairs implies a complex metal structure, which at the same time serves as a frame for fastening concrete steps. The ebb of the steps themselves occurs with the help of formwork with a reinforcing mesh. For the manufacture of the steps themselves, concrete, crushed stone from granite and marble chips are used. After the concrete mixture dries, it should be polished.

How to make calculated measurements correctly

To facilitate the work, you can use your own sketch of the future staircase, which may also come in handy in the future. Like any repair work, this process should also be divided into stages:

1. Formwork calculation.Initially, you should determine the position of the stairs - it can be located on the ground, adjoin the wall, connect two opposite walls, etc. After all, it is on these moments that the further calculation and construction of the stairs, and the formwork as a whole, depend.

2. When calculating the stairs, the number and dimensions of its steps are taken into account. The recommended step height should be from 16 to 20 cm, and the width should be more than 27 cm. If you end up with more than 14 steps, then it is recommended to make two spans.

You should also consider the residents of the house, as it is difficult for older people to climb high steps, and small children running around the house may not successfully stumble and injure themselves.

3. When designing a staircase, it must be taken into account that its angle should vary from 25 to 45 degrees, because the higher the angle of inclination, the more difficult it is to climb such a staircase.

4. The width of the stairs itself should not exceed 80-90 cm. Although if the concrete staircase is part of the interior of a private house or suburban area, then the width is chosen to the taste of the owner of the house.

5. When choosing materials for the construction of formwork, it is required to take into account the entire weight of the structure: 1 sq. a meter of concrete 20 cm thick weighs on average about 500 kg. And the weight of a whole march with a difference (height 2.5 meters, length 4 m) with a width of 1 m is approximately 2.5 tons.

6. To prepare a concrete solution, you will need: 0 PC-400 cement (1l), sand (2l), crushed stone (4l), water (0.6l), plasticizer (C-3) (10ml).

7. For quality concrete mortar it is better to use a concrete mixer, for compaction use a special electric vibrator. After all, the strength of the support depends on the quality of the produced solution in the future.

8. The filled surface is covered with a plastic film in order to prevent drying. The formwork is removed no earlier than after 3-4 weeks, while the concrete is at least 80% stronger.

It is important to remember that when calculating all the initial data, one must take into account such a factor as thickness floor covering and the floor itself.

The formwork design is the very first stage in the preparation of a concrete staircase. For its proper assembly, certain materials will initially be required: waterproof plywood (about 20 mm in section), construction timber (section 100x100 ml).

For formwork intended for a monolithic concrete staircase, the following materials are needed:

A piece of timber that will fasten the formwork elements to each other and walls;

Also, to connect the steps, which will be an obstacle to stretching the sheets when pouring concrete;

Formwork elements together with winder steps. If the length of the foot is 1m, then the boards must be at least 30mm thick, and the length of 1.2m requires a thickness of at least 40mm.

End formwork. It can take the form of plywood sheets, or a template with pre-prepared dimensions can be used. The boards used for this formwork are selected with a size of approximately 30 mm.

I would like to draw your attention to the fact that formwork elements are often fastened with wood screws (diameter 3.5), since they are easier to remove than nails during dismantling.

Applied technologies in the production of concrete stairs

Such a thing as formwork serves as the basis for the high-quality operation of a concrete staircase, and its main criterion is that it should not have any gaps or cracks. For the formwork frame, waterproof plywood is used, which prevents the concrete solution from flowing. Plywood is used in combination with boards that are tightly fitted to each other.

Before the resulting frame is filled with a concrete solution, a reinforcing cage is inserted there. The entire flight of stairs is framed with steel bars, which are firmly connected by cross braces.

To strengthen the front steps of the stairs, transverse reinforcement is used, which prevents their crumbling and the appearance of cracks in them. Before direct pouring of concrete, it is necessary to leave wooden plugs or embedded metal plates, to which the stair railing will be attached in the future.

The surface of the poured mortar, while it has not cooled down, is leveled with special tools, so that it will be easier to grind it in the future.

You can move up the stairs only after the final drying of the concrete solution.

Facing the stairs - the final stage of all repair work. It is carried out no earlier than after 3-4 weeks, subject to drying at room temperature. The formwork frame is removed, the mortgages themselves and the surface of the steps are processed using a grinding machine.

It is designed to perfectly level surfaces. For facing a concrete staircase, you can use materials such as ceramic tiles, wood, natural stones or porcelain stoneware.

To date modern market repair materials offers a wide range stair railings- welded, prefabricated, aluminum, combined.

Positive aspects of concrete stairs

When the layout of the future home is being developed, it must be borne in mind that a concrete staircase, unlike wooden structures, is laid immediately on the spot, it cannot be transported. But, despite this, it has a number of undeniable advantages:

1. The operation of such a ladder can be carried out at any repair stage (in whatever form it is).

2. When designing the design of the stairs, you can add a variety of hidden cabinets and niches to it, which will significantly save space and help get rid of unnecessary things.

3. The financial costs of building a concrete staircase with your own hands are only in the cost of materials. And the cost, in turn, depends on the quality of the selected sources. Moreover, at independent work time intervals are easily calculated.

4. Concrete, as a material, is very moisture resistant in itself, and is also not susceptible to ignition.

5. The concrete staircase serves as an additional support for the entire building.

6. Concrete stairs are very resistant to external mechanical damage, which allows them to be used more intensively.

1. It is important to remember that when concreting flights of stairs, it takes place in one step and the process itself begins to be carried out from the bottom up.

2. In order to avoid "mobility" of the concrete solution, it is recommended to add crushed stone with a particle size of 10-20 mm.

3. When choosing a brand of concrete for stairs, it is necessary that it be at least B15.

4. Interesting fact: if heavy concrete is not compacted by 1%, then its strength will decrease by 5-7%. That is why such a nuance as compaction can significantly affect the quality of a concrete staircase. This is exactly what an electric vibrator is for.

5. The pouring of cement mortar is preceded by the formation of a reinforcing ladder frame. Its main function is to enhance the internal strength of all structures.

If you have any questions on this topic, ask them to specialists and readers of our project.