Laying slate on the roof in several ways along a wooden crate and how to cut slate correctly? Do-it-yourself slate roof Installation instructions for slate 8 wave

Houses covered with ordinary gray slate can be found everywhere. At one time, this material was used as a roof covering both in expensive cottages and in small private houses. This is due to its high performance, long service life and low price.

Roofing made of slate lends itself to painting in bright colors, and in this case, in terms of decorative properties, it is comparable to the most modern finishing materials... It is also important that it is quite possible to fasten the slate with your own hands and, of course, you need to know how to do it correctly. It is interesting that slate can be laid in different ways.

Slate roofing can be a home decoration

Wave slate properties

Wave slate is a wave-shaped sheet made of a mixture of asbestos and cement. On the surface of one product unit, there are six to eight waves. Asbestos acts as a reinforcing component and provides mechanical strength to the product.

Slate sheets can withstand a weight of up to two hundred kilograms, so that when laying on them you can walk fearlessly. In addition, the material tolerates up to fifty defrosting cycles without loss of performance, and this parameter determines its service life. The following properties of wave slate highlight its benefits:

fire safety;
resistance to aggressive environmental influences;
good thermal insulation qualities;
excellent noise absorbing properties;
ease of styling;
low price.

Plain gray slate can be painted

The negative qualities of this material include low resistance to point shock loads and fracture forces. A stone thrown into the roof is able to make a hole in the coating, in addition, due to the porous structure of the material, lichen and moss can settle on it.

Asbestos in the composition of slate sheets is in a bound state, and the release of its fine particles in the form of dust into the environment can be canceled out by impregnation with linseed oil or coloring, therefore, the harm to health is controversial.

Sheet size options

The length of a standard sheet of slate is 1750 millimeters. The width varies depending on the number of waves on the surface. If there are six of them, this parameter is 1125 mm, 7 - 980 mm, 8 - 1130 mm. Many manufacturers of this type of product produce non-standard size slate sheets. This circumstance must be taken into account when buying, so as not to be mistaken with the calculation of the amount of material required to perform a specific type of work. The dimensions of slate determined by GOST are shown in the following table.

If necessary, ordinary gray slate can be painted, and how to do this read the article. Currently, slate is also being produced, which is already painted at the factory. Laying, laying and fixing the material is possible in various ways. In this case, it is better to cover the roof with an assistant.

Comparative characteristics of slate sheets
Parameter name	Sheet size 40/150	Sheet size 54/200
Sheet width 6 waves, cm		112,5
Sheet width 7 waves, cm	98
Sheet width 8 waves, cm	113
Thickness, mm	5,8	6,0; 7,5
Private wave height, mm	40	54
Overlapping wave height, mm	40	54
Overlapped wave height, mm	32	45
Overlapping edge width 1, mm	43	60
Overlapping edge width 2, mm	37	65
Wave step, mm	150	200

Requirements for the rafter system for slate roofing

Due to the fact that the slate sheets have a fairly large weight, reaching thirty-five kilograms, the coating made from them exerts a serious load on the rafter system. Based on this, the following requirements are imposed on its arrangement:

the ability to withstand the total weight of the roof;
adverse atmospheric precipitation;
the weight of the assembly team.

The lumber used for the manufacture of the structure is preliminarily kept in stacks. During the drying process, the bars are bent, they should be laid with their convex part downward for the unhindered drainage of moisture. Gnarled wood cannot be used, it will not withstand the load exerted on it.

The rafter system must withstand the load of the slate

The smallest section of lumber for arrangement rafter system it is taken equal to 5 cm * 18 cm, the lathing for laying slate is made of 6 cm * 6 cm bars, while each sheet, when reinforced, must rest on at least two bars. The angle of inclination of the roof slope is of great operational importance: the smaller its value, the more often the beams should be located.

The solid crate is equipped with the minimum permissible angle of inclination, since in this case it experiences the maximum load. The ends of the nails used for fastening should not protrude from the wood to the outside, they should never be bent, so as not to limit the mobility of the structure. Roof components will shrink and shift over time. The fasteners must be of high quality, the slate roof is subjected to significant operational loads.

Let's calculate the amount of slate for the roof

You can count the amount of slate in order to cover the roof, remembering school geometry lessons. To do this, the measured length of the eaves is divided by the width of the standard slate. The result is the number of sheets in the first row. This figure should be increased by ten percent, since the installation is done with overlap.

Such dimensions will be required to calculate the amount of slate

Further, the distance from the ridge to the eaves of the roof is divided by the height of a standard slate sheet. As a result, the number of rows required to cover one roof slope is determined. The resulting value also increases by about fifteen percent.

Multiplying the obtained values, we find the desired result, showing how many sheets of material are required to complete the work on one slope. If the roof is of a complex shape, it is divided into simple geometric shapes, their area is determined using formulas and the calculation is performed in the same way. Of course, if triangular elements are needed, there will be a lot of waste that cannot be used.

Preparing for installation

Before starting work, you should prepare the necessary tool and a flat surface on which holes will be drilled and slate sheets will be cut. For the convenience of performing all manipulations, an unhindered approach should be provided to the place of work. The following materials and tools will be required:

ladder and ropes;
hammer and nails;
grinder and drill;
metal hooks and respirator.

The slate is lifted with metal hooks and ropes. Having hooked the sheet with ropes thrown over the block, it is pulled to the required height. This way one person can lift the slate. If a team of roofers is working, they can transfer sheets to each other. standing on the stairs.

Convenient way lifting slate to the roof

Plain gray slate can be painted prior to installation in order to close the microscopic cavities and create a smoother surface, making it easier for precipitation to roll off the floor. Asbestos is subject to thermal expansion, so larger holes are drilled in the sheets than those used for fastening nails.

DIY instructions for laying slate on the roof

The technology for performing work is not distinguished by noticeable complexity. Installation of slate is performed as follows. First, the material is laid in one row, while cutting inner corners... This manipulation improves the appearance of the pavement and prevents the penetration of snow into the crevices by the wind load. To cover the roof, follow the instructions in the following instructions:

the rafter structure is checked;
in its lower part, a bar is strengthened to organize the even laying of slate sheets;
on the timber with the help of nails, the initial row is fixed;
the subsequent rows of material are laid down to the ridge.

Installation of slate sheets is carried out from the bottom. Fastening of slate elements is carried out with special roofing nails or self-tapping screws. The fasteners must be made of high quality steel. Nailing slate with your own hands is a snap.

How to properly lay asbestos slate

The service life of the roof as a whole ultimately depends on how correctly the asbestos slate is laid. When performing work, the technological subtleties of the installation process should be carefully observed. The first step is to mount a good crate, which is the base for laying asbestos sheets. A layer of waterproofing made of a waterproof film is initially laid under the slate.

Slate laying scheme with offset longitudinal edges

Installation is carried out in space or with displacement of sheets relative to each other. The first method, in which each subsequent sheet is stacked on top of the previous one, does not require the use of halves of the sheets, but you have to trim the corners, which complicates the work. When installing with the offset of the sheets of the upper row in half, you do not need to cut the corners, but you will have to cut part of the sheets of slate along.

Laying slate without shifting the sheets of the upper row

The asbestos slate is fixed with nails with an oversized head. A sealing washer is placed under it to prevent the penetration of atmospheric moisture.

The durability of the roof depends on the reliability of the fastening.

Fastening sheets with nails or screws

The most reliable is the fastening of sheets with nails. They prevent material displacement and deformation. Nails should be driven in at the highest point of the wave, placing them strictly vertically. The hardware must be held not with a hand, but with pliers so that an inaccurate blow does not break the slate. It is better to use ruffled nails with notches that allow them to be securely held in the body of the wood, however, if necessary, dismantling them is rather difficult to remove.

The sheets can also be fixed using self-tapping screws. This method has its advantages, since, due to the hardening of the metal, during the manufacture of such a fastening material is very strong. In addition, the variety of head shapes and lengths makes it easy to choose screws for a specific job. They are supplied with quality sealing gaskets to prevent moisture penetration. To reduce the operating time, the screws should be screwed in with a power tool.

Chimney junction device

There are many options for pairing a roof with ventilation pipes and chimneys. In general, the work is done as follows. At the junction of the roof covering to the chimney, a galvanized collar with an opening for the chimney outlet is installed over the waterproofing layer.

Organization of abutments and ends of a slate roof

The pipe is lined with asbestos sheets, and slate is laid on top of the collar. The gap between it and the chimney is filled with cement mortar.

Installation of additional elements

To give the roof a complete appearance and to prevent the negative impact of the environment at the final stage of the work, additional elements are installed. In addition to being functional, they also have a decorative purpose.

Basic additional elements and nails for installing slate roofing

IN the best option the ridge is decorated with industrially manufactured parts made from a mixture of asbestos and cement. They can be replaced with a self-bent galvanized steel sheet. Self-tapping collars are mounted on dormer windows, ventilation and chimneys. Galvanized trays are installed on valleys.

Despite the fact that today a huge number of new materials have appeared on the roofing materials market, asbestos slate has not lost its popularity. To this day, a large number of people prefer asbestos slate roofing. It is for this reason that manufacturers are trying to come up with various options how to upgrade it. This is how transparent slate and bituminous slate (aka ondulin) were born. The main reasons why slate roofing has been one of the most popular for so many years is its relatively low price (compared to, for example), ease of installation and long service life. Asbestos slate itself has grey colour and it is still one of the most popular types of slate. However, now you can find multi-colored slate sheets. It is worth noting that if the slate sheet is painted with special acrylic paint, then the service life can be significantly increased. The service life of a slate roof is approximately 20 years.

One of the most important issuesthat a potential buyer of this roofing material - this is "How to install slate on the roof" ... This process consists of several stages, each of which plays an important role and having made a mistake in one of them, the end result may not be what you would like. Below we will try to analyze the question in detail: "How to cover the roof with slate" .

1. Slate: general information and description of the material

Figure 1. Scope of slate

As you know, asbestos is not a completely environmentally friendly substance, and for this reason, this material is not used in interior decoration.Slate can be either flat or wavy(separately you can highlight ) ... Asbestos-cement slate is a fairly durable roofing material, which makes it a relatively durable material. Flat slate is very often used for exterior decoration walls, fences, and corrugated slate is used for roofing works.

When installation of slate sheets as on the roofand on the wall, it is recommended to pre-drill holes in those places where the slate is planned to be attached to the crate. This will keep the material airtight for a longer time and prevent cracking of the sheets during the installation of the slate.

Technologically, the roof can be flat and pitched. In turn pitched roofs can be both single-pitched and multi-pitched (two, three and even four pitched). However, when working with slate, it is recommended to use simple roofs, with a minimum number of slopes. However, if the angle of inclination of the roof is very small, then moisture and snow can stagnate on such a roof.

2. Advantages and disadvantages of slate: what to look for when working with slate

Figure 2. Advantages and disadvantages of wave slate

Slate, like any roofing material, has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Of the main advantages of slate the following can be distinguished:

Resistant to sunlight;
Resistance to sudden changes in temperature;
Resistant to humid environments;
Ease of installation.

Of the main disadvantages of slate the following can be distinguished:

Quite a large mass of slate sheets;
Material composition - Due to the fact that asbestos-cement sheets contain asbestos, this material is not environmentally friendly. Truth to health
a person is not influenced by every type of asbestos, therefore it cannot be said that all types of slate are harmful.
Relatively fragile material - it can break during transportation or during installation (in the case of direct hits with a heavy object, but it can very well withstand the weight of any person if the crate is correctly mounted).
It grows over time with moss and lichen, which is why there is a need for periodic cleaning and painting.

3. Which slate to choose: thickness and dimensions of the slate sheet

Figure 3. Technical characteristics and dimensions of slate sheets. An example of GOSTs and markings.

Today, the most popular are sheets of corrugated slate with six, seven and eight waves, which are standardized by GOST 30340-95

Sizes of 8-wave slate sheet
Slate sheet length - 175 cm;
Slate sheet width - 113 cm;
Slate sheet thickness - 5.8 mm;
Slate sheet weight - 26.1 kg.

Sizes of 7-wave slate sheet
Slate sheet length - 175 cm;
Slate sheet width - 98 cm;
Slate sheet thickness - 5.2 mm;
Slate sheet weight - 23 kg.

Sizes of 6-wave slate sheet
Slate sheet length - 175 cm;
Slate sheet width - 112.5 cm;
Slate sheet thickness - 6 and 7.5 mm
Slate sheet weight - 35 kg.

By marking the slate, you can absolutely accurately determine all of its main characteristics. Let's, for example, consider this slate marking: GOST 54 / 200-1750-6. Based on this marking, it can be seen that the number of waves in this slate sheet is 6, the length of the sheet is 1750 mm, the height of the ordinary and overlapping waves is 54 mm, and the wave step is 200 mm. All these parameters are indicated so that the buyer can correctly calculate the required amount of material that he will need for the future roof. It should be taken into account that slate also has such characteristics as “the area of \u200b\u200bone slate sheet” is the total area of \u200b\u200bthe entire sheet and “useful area of \u200b\u200bone slate sheet” is the area of \u200b\u200bthe sheet, taking into account the “overlap” in one wave. So, for example, the area of \u200b\u200bone sheet of 6-wave slate is 1.968 sq. m., and the useful area of \u200b\u200bone slate sheet, taking into account the overlap, is 1.378 sq. m. Material consumption is associated not only with the number of waves in the slate sheet, but also with the width of the wave step. For example, due to the fact that the step width of a 6-wave slate is greater than that of an 8-wave slate, sometimes it will be much more rational to take 8 wave slate sheets than 6, because in this case the area of \u200b\u200bthe slate sheet, which will go to the "overlap", the 6-wave sheet will have more than the 8-wave.

More details about technical characteristics slate can be read in one of our previous articles: ""

Figure 4. Sequence of actions for installing a slate roof

Counting the required number of slate sheets for the roof;
Purchase of slate and its delivery to the site;
Installation of rafters of the future roof;
Installation of the battens over the rafters;
Installation of waterproofing (ruberoid, for example);
Fastening the slate to the crate.

5. How to correctly calculate the number of slate sheets on the roof

Figure 5. An example of calculation of roof slate

How to correctly calculate the number of slate sheets on the roof - this is a question that everyone who decides to use slate as the main roofing material meets. Count the required amount roofing material is always a very important and responsible process. If the calculation is not performed correctly, then the best thing that can happen is that you will have extra material, and the worst thing is that you may not have enough purchased material and then you will have to go for it again, and this is extra money spent on delivery and time for buying it.

There are several different methods for calculating slate on the roof... consider one of the simplest of them:

1. To begin with, it is calculated how many sheets of slate are needed for one row. To do this, measure the length of the roof slope and divide it by the width of our slate sheet.
2. Since each subsequent sheet of slate in a row is overlapped (as a rule, the overlap is one wave), then approximately 10% must be added to the resulting value.
3. Then the number of rows in the roof slope is calculated. To do this, you need to measure the length of the slope from the lowest point of the overhang to the highest point of the ridge and, then, divide by the length of the purchased slate sheet.
4. Since each subsequent row also overlaps and for each row (except for the lowest one) we get an overlap from above and below, then to the obtained value, in the previous step, it is necessary to add about 13-15%.
5. And at the last step, it is necessary to multiply the obtained values \u200b\u200bamong themselves. As a result, we get a number that will show how many sheets will go to the roof slope. The result is rounded up to the nearest whole number. The resulting value must be multiplied by the number of slopes on your roof.

Let's imagine that the slope of our roof, which we want to cover with slate, has the following dimensions: 5 mx 3 m (this is the full size including all overhangs). Suppose we decide to use an 8-wave slate sheet with sheet dimensions equal to 1.75 m. In height and 1.13 m. In width.

Let's get down to the calculations.

Step 1 - we find the number of slate sheets horizontally: 5 / 1.13 \u003d 4.42
Step 2 — 4,42 + 10% = 4,42 + 0,442 = 4,862
Step 3 - find the number of sheets of slate vertically: 3 / 1.75 \u003d 1.71
Step 4 - add 13%; 1.71 + 0.222 \u003d 1.932
Step 5 - we find the total number of sheets per roof slope: 4.862 * 1.932 \u003d 9.39 (about 10 whole sheets)

As a result, we got about 10 whole sheets of slate for one slope. If there are two slopes, then the resulting number must be multiplied, respectively, by two. Plus, take a spare 3-5 sheets just in case.

Figure 6. Installation of battens for slate roofs

For the installation of the battens, you can use any non-edged board from 15 mm. up to 25 mm. or bars with a cross section of 50 mm. x 50 mm. In order to further protect the rafters and the crate, it is recommended to pre-treat them with an antiseptic against beetles and decay.

When using non-edged boards for the manufacture of lathing, the distance between them should be 200 mm. - 1200 mm. If you work with bars, then the distance between the crate should be approximately 450 mm, provided that the slope angle is 10 - 15 degrees. With a slope angle of more than 15 degrees, the pitch of the lathing can be increased to 550-600 mm. But keep in mind that each slate sheet must lie on at least three supports (one in the center and two at the edges), and best of all on 5. Then the roof will be reliable.

If the roof angle is very small, for example, only 5-10 degrees, then the sheathing is recommended to be solid.

Before installing the slate, at the very edge of the overhang (under the lowest row), it is necessary to attach a strip of stainless steel (or some other metal), approximately 350 mm wide and 2 mm thick. or 3 mm. This strip will help prevent the slate from collapsing at the edge of the overhang.

Work on the arrangement of gutters, gutters must be mounted before laying the slate on the roof, since the installation of fasteners for gutters occurs to the crate or directly to the rafters.

As a waterproofing layer, you can use roofing material or any vapor-waterproofing, for example Tyvek or its analogue.

7. Installation of slate on the roof with your own hands: layout options

DIY installation of slate on the roof you need to start from the bottom row and move up. This principle will allow you to lay all the sheets of slate so that water will drain through them without getting under them. Each new sheet of slate in a horizontal row is overlapped with the previous one. In this case, the overlap must be at least one wave (provided that the angle of inclination is more than 5 degrees). An overlap in two waves is allowed, this will make the roof more durable and reliable, but this is a more expensive option, since the consumption of material increases significantly. If the angle of inclination of the roof is 5 degrees or less, the overlap of the slate sheets should be in two waves.

Figure 7. Laying slate on the roof with an offset

There are several method of laying slate on the roof... The most common is "laying slate on the roof with offset" .
The main difficulties when installing slate on the roof can arise when more than two edges of the slate sheet have to be fastened in one place. When installing the slate using the "staggering" method, this problem will never arise, since this method implies that each subsequent row will begin with an offset of several waves (usually a half-sheet offset) relative to the previous one. To do this, the slate sheet is carefully cut to the required number of waves. Cutting a sheet of slate in half is very convenient because you will get a beautiful and even pattern of sheets all over the roof, and there is practically no waste, since one sheet is divided into two halves and each of the halves, without additional sawing off, completely fits through one row. Trimming may be needed only at the end of the roof. Those. visually - it will look like this:

1st row starts with a whole sheet;
2nd row - half;
3rd row - from a whole sheet;
4th row - from half and so on.

This method is also good because after installing half of the sheet on the second row, you can start installing the slate sheets in two rows at once, without worrying about how much the next sheet needs to be shifted, since in this case the new sheet will shift relative to the previous ones. already automatically. The only difficulty in this case can be trimming the end sheets of the slate (the last in the row).

Figure 8. Laying slate on the roof without displacement

Another way of laying slate is "laying slate on the roof without displacement" ... This method is perhaps more economical, since there is practically no waste here. But in this case, it is necessary to trim the bottom corner of each slate sheet of the upper row in the place where it overlaps the previous sheet. (i.e. the first row, for example, is laid without trimming, and the second row already with a trimming of the lower corner, which overlaps with the previous sheet) To do this, make a cut at the corner of the slate sheet with a size of approximately 103 mm. 130-135 mm. this method is considered more rational in terms of overlapping sheets both vertically and horizontally.

To fasten slate sheets on the roof, use special slate nails with a large round head and a special rubber gasket under it, or special self-tapping screws and screws. In order not to damage the slate sheet when installing it with nails or self-tapping screws, it is recommended to make holes in the sheets in advance, and the hole should be slightly larger than the diameter of the nail or self-tapping screw, by about 3 mm., And the length of the nail itself should be 1 or 2 centimeters more than the thickness of the sheathing plus the height of the slate wave. This will allow you to securely fix the nail in the crate. The nails must be fixed at the top of the wave crest so that water cannot seep out. Nails must not be hammered in close, as due to the temperature drop, the slate can move and this will lead to its cracking. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to leave a small gap of a couple of millimeters between the slate sheet and the head of the nail or self-tapping screw.

Figure 9. Slate nails and screws

The holes, and therefore the nails themselves (roofing screws), must be placed in the following sequence:

Eight-wave slate sheet: the self-tapping screw is hammered into the 2nd wave and the 7th wave;
Seven-wave slate sheet: a self-tapping screw is hammered into the 2nd wave and the 6th wave;
Six-wave slate sheet: a self-tapping screw is hammered into the 2nd wave and the 5th wave;
Five-wave slate sheet: the screw is hammered into the 2nd wave and the 4th wave;

If the slate sheets are attached to three battens of the crate, then one slate sheet will need 6 screws or slate nails. If the slate sheet will fit on five bars of the crate, then it makes sense to increase the number of attachment points to the crate to 10.

Video on the topic "Laying slate on the roof with your own hands":

22.01.2017 0 comments

Any roof serves to protect the building from the effects of precipitation and correctly installed roof capable of serving a sufficiently long operational period. The most common and often used material for roofing is slate, which has a wavy profile and is made of asbestos cement. The standard eight wave sheet size is 1750 × 1125 millimeters, the coverage area excluding overlap is about two square meters.

The question often arises; how to properly cover the roof with slate with your own hands without the involvement of expensive specialists. A few practical tips and a consistent course of work performed will help beginners in arranging a roof.

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Types of roofs and the device of the rafter frame

Roofs with one slope are most often used for utility rooms, sheds, various outbuildings and entrance groups. Double pitched and hipped roofs are used mainly for covering residential and office buildings. When installing the frame for covering with slate, it is necessary to take into account the size of the sheet so that it has three points of support, taking into account the overlap of 200 millimeters of the sheet per sheet. The lathing device starts from the eaves to the ridge of the roof, observing the vertical and horizontal.

The scaffold should have low humidity, which will exclude deformation of the frame after installation during operation. The batten should be free of large knots. With a rafter pitch up to 1200mm, a 50 × 50mm bar is used, and with a rafter pitch up to 1500mm, it is recommended to use a 50x60mm bar. The timber is fastened to the rafters with 80-100mm screws. Using a screwdriver will greatly facilitate and speed up the assembly process. The final step will be to check the plane of the slope using a taut twine, the permissible error should not exceed 2mm.

Roofing tool

Any master without the necessary tool, not a master. Before proceeding with roofing work, it is necessary to revise the existing tool and purchase the missing, but extremely necessary one. The minimum list of the necessary tools for installing a slate roof:

Ax;
a hammer;
nail puller;
pliers;
chisel;
chisel;
screwdriwer set;
mallet;
scissors for metal;
saw on wood;
saw for metal;
electric drill;
drill;
electric screwdriver;
hand circular saw.

All tools must be in working order, the cutting tool must be sharpened, the hammer and the ax must be firmly seated on the handles to avoid injury during operation. It is necessary to strictly observe safety precautions and actively use personal protective equipment.

Installation of slate sheets: order and technology of work

In practice, there are two ways to install sheets:

Displacement of the next row by several waves.
No row offset with sheet corner trimming.

This use prevents the sheets from overlapping four times, which contributes to the formation of gaps. Any of these methods will allow you to properly cover the roof of the house with slate. It should be noted that one wave of the leaf is below the opposite extreme wave, and it is colored with a strip of black paint. Installation of slate sheets starts from the cornice, it is very important to correctly set the first sheet using a building level and a plumb line. For marking, a twine is pulled, horizontal parallel to the cornice, which serves as a reference point for the lower edges of the first row. The vertical twine is pulled from the corner of the roof to the ridge, which avoids the curvature of subsequent rows of slate. Be sure to take into account the direction of the main winds in the area. The joint of the vertical slab should be located in the direction of the wind, which will exclude the possibility of breaking the slate sheets in case of strong gusts of wind. Sheets can be installed both from left to right and from right to left.

The most in a simple way slate laying is a technology of row displacement of sheets, which eliminates trimming of corners. The first sheet of the second row is cut longitudinally by one or several waves, and then whole sheets are laid, the last sheet will probably be cut longitudinally.

Scheme of stacking slate sheets with an offset.

Laying slate without offset

When laying slate without offset, the corners of adjacent sheets are trimmed to ensure a tighter fit. The first and last sheet is installed without cutting, the rest must be preparatory work. Required condition, the cuts of the corners during installation should have a thermal gap of two to four millimeters and not in any way touch each other. For complete clarity, there is a slate installation scheme with cutting corners:

Layout of slate sheets without offset.

To cut corners, you can use an old wood saw or an electric hand-held circular saw with a stone blade.

In order to trim correctly, we recommend watching the video below, as a professional does.

Fastening work

The fastening of the slate to the lathing is carried out with screws with a silicone gasket located on the inner side of the head, it is extremely undesirable to use nails, since during operation they do not hold well in the wood, loosen and rise, which leads to disruption of the adhesion of the sheets to the lathing. Each slate sheet of the first row is fixed with two screws in the lower part and one screw in the middle part of the sheet, through holes drilled in the upper wave with a diameter of 1-2 mm greater than the screw thickness. In no case should you punch holes, as you can damage the slate or get a hole much larger than the screw head. The upper part of the sheets of the first row will be fixed when the second row is installed, while the mounting holes are drilled through two overlapping sheets, which, according to the technology, should be at least 200 mm with an inclination of 25 degrees and at least 150 mm with an inclination of over 30 degrees.

Options for fixing slate sheets.

The device of the valley

Sometimes in the form of a roof there are internal corners, then in this case, the arrangement of the valley is required, which is made before covering with slate. The basis is a flooring made of boards on which waterproofing material, which in turn is covered with galvanized sheet metal. When covering with slate, the sheets are adjusted so that the gap between them has a minimum distance. From the outside, the joint of slate sheets is covered with a curved strip of galvanized roofing metal.

Scheme of the valley device for slate.

Adjacent to chimneys and ventilation pipes

Depending on the location of the pipe, the slope of the slope and other nuances, there may be a sufficient number of options, so we will consider the main basic option. The roofing metal sheet with the pipe opening is positioned so that the top edge is located under the top slate sheet and the bottom edge extends onto the underlying slate sheet. Asbestos is laid around the pipe, and on top it is covered with a second sheet with a hole for the pipe, but bigger size... Often, they additionally arrange an ebb from cement mortar.

Diagram of the device for junction with smoke and ventilation pipes: 1 - front corner; 2 - side corner; 3 - annular corner.

Adjoining the slate roof to the wall

In some cases, it becomes necessary to install a roof when the upper edge of the slope is adjacent to the building wall. To prevent the ingress of atmospheric precipitation into the gap between the wall and the slate, especially in the winter-spring period, an ebb is installed made of a strip of roofing iron 400 mm wide with a longitudinal bend corresponding to the slope angle of the slope. One edge of the low tide is fastened to the wall with dowels, and the second overlaps the slate sheets from above and is fixed through the upper wave with screws to the crate. This type of roof is often used on entrance groups and all kinds of extensions to existing buildings, usually they have no more than two slopes.

Diagram of the device for joining the slate roof to the wall: 1 - ridge; 2 - slate; 3 - corner; 4 - screw.

Skate installation

The final stage of roofing work is traditionally the installation of the ridge. Various ready-made ridge elements for the ridge device can be purchased without any problems in any construction market, but if you wish, you can make it yourself from a strip of galvanized sheet metal 400 mm wide using a metal corner and a mallet. The ridge elements are attached to the lathing through the upper slate wave with screws. At the end of the roofing work, it will not be superfluous to go up to the attic on a sunny day and carefully examine the creation of your own hands, and if cheerful sun bunnies are seen in the twilight, then somewhere, something went wrong as we would like. Small cracks and through holes can be easily removed with any silicone sealant.

Skate device diagram: 1-2 - skate; 3 - bracket for fastening the navigation bridges; 4 - slate sheet.

Hip roof slate

Classic hip roof has four slopes, two triangular and two trapezoidal, which are larger than triangular in area. Slate laying technology is practically no different from lean-to and gable roofs except for additional trimming of the outer sheets of each slope. In order not to be mistaken with the cutting angle and not to bother with calculations, a template is made from three thin slats to the height of a slate sheet in the form of a right-angled triangle in which the right angle is fixed rigidly, and the hypotenuse is attached at the place of installation of the first sheet. The presence of a template will make it much faster to mark and trim the outer sheets on two opposite slopes. It should be noted that the trapezoidal angle differs from the angle of the triangular slope and therefore a second template will be required. Trimming slate sheets must be done on the ground; for installation on the roof, feed the finished workpiece.

In contact with

Although traditional asbestos-cement slate can in no way be attributed to innovative materials - it is being replaced by more modern coatings, and in many European countries it has been completely abandoned, in the Russian market it does not lose its former popularity, as it is quite durable and reliable. In this regard, the question is how correct styling do it yourself wave slate , still interested in homeowners. Moreover, this material may well be transformed by coloring in the chosen color, which will be in harmony with the color of the facade. Therefore, slate can be used not only for covering country houses or outbuildings, but also for full-fledged residential buildings.

However, in order for the slate to serve for more than fifty years, as the manufacturer promises, it must be properly installed, that is, take into account some of the nuances of this process. First of all, it must be said that slate is not such a versatile material as many think, since it is mainly suitable for covering single and gable roofs with a slope of at least 15 degrees. If it is planned to lay this coating on a more gentle slope, it will be necessary to equip the crate under the cover according to special rules, a reliable membrane or roofing felt waterproofing, and also to increase the mutual overlap of the sheets.

Slate varieties and sizes

Slate was originally called a roofing material made of cement mortar and asbestos fibers, which act as a reinforcing component that gives the sheets its resistance and strength.

Since the wave version of the sheets has a higher mechanical strength, rigidity, and in to a greater extent resists external influences, this form was taken as a basis for the manufacture of roofing sheets from other materials, such as ceramoplast, cellulose fibers with bitumen impregnation, different types polymers and sheet metal. Therefore, these materials also began to be called, while mentioning the material of their manufacture.

Asbestos-cement slate

The current GOST defines several standard parameters of traditional asbestos-cement wave slate, differing in both the number of waves and the length of the sheets. But in practice, material with a length of 1750 mm is most often used, as the most convenient to work with. In turn, it is also divided into several types.

The six-wave sheet has dimensions of 1750 × 1125 mm and a thickness of 6 or 7.5 mm. Its weight is respectively 26 or 35 kg. The wave step is 200 mm, and its height is 54 mm. Such sheets are considered the most durable of all asbestos-cement wave slate options, so they are most often used to cover industrial buildings.
The seven-wave sheets have dimensions of 1750 × 980 mm, a thickness of 5.8 mm and a weight of 23.2 kg. The step and height of the wave is already less - 150 and 40 mm
The eight-wave version is a sheet with a size of 1750 × 1130 mm, a thickness of 5.2 ÷ 5.8 mm, and a weight of 23 ÷ 26 kg. The step and height of the wave are the same as those of the seven-wave. It is this type of slate that is most often used in housing construction.

Rarely, but nevertheless, sheets of a more "modest" format are also used - 1200 long, 680 mm wide, with the same wavelength of 40 mm as for eight-wave slate, and weighing only 9 kg.

IN technical documentation can meet letter designations parameters of wave slate. To deal with this, you should pay attention to the diagram below, where: B - width; L is the length of the sheet; S is the distance between wave crests; t is the thickness of the slate; h is the height of an ordinary wave; h1 and h2 - the height of the overlapping waves.

GOST also established a standard marking for wave slate in the form of a fractional value: the numerator is the height, and the denominator is the step of the wave, for example, 54/200 or 40/150.

Before purchasing this material and proceeding to its installation, you should have an idea of \u200b\u200bits positive qualities and existing shortcomings.

The advantages of asbestos-cement slate include:

- relatively affordable cost of the material;

- sufficiently high strength, due to the reinforcement and characteristic shape of the sheets;

- ease of handling and roofing;

- good noise absorption;

- low thermal conductivity - the roof will not heat up as much in the sun as covered, for example, with metal corrugated board or metal tiles;

- incombustibility of the material.

The disadvantages of such slate include the following properties:

- fragility at point and shock loading;

- hygroscopicity of the material - it can be saturated with moisture;

- the possibility of fracture at sudden temperature changes;

- rather large weight, in comparison with other types of roofing coverings, which complicates the transportation and lifting of sheets to a height;

- a gradual decrease in strength under the influence of ultraviolet rays and wind (weathering);

- an asbestos-cement surface with high air humidity becomes a favorable environment for the appearance of colonies of moss and lichen;

- asbestos-cement slate is not an environmentally friendly material, mainly due to the content of asbestos fibers in its composition, therefore, in European countries it was decided to ban products containing asbestos.

In fairness, it should be noted that the carcinogenic properties of this roofing are too exaggerated. And in order to reduce the amount of asbestos dust that appears during weathering, as well as to protect the roof from the appearance and development of mosses, fungi and lichens, it should be painted or coated with linseed oil every 4-5 years.

Modern varieties of slate

IN last years new types of slate made from various materials appear on the market, and they are quite worthy of attention.

Ondulin

Ondulin, which is also called bituminous slate or euro-slate, began to be produced in Europe, when the technology of reinforcing bitumen with cellulose fibers appeared, which bind, stiffen and prevent cracking of the coating during temperature extremes.

Traditional wave slate is still a popular roofing material. One of the reasons for its popularity is considered to be a simple installation technology, therefore, every home owner can, if desired, deal with the question of how to properly lay slate.

Features of slate coating

Despite the presence on the market of building materials of modern products for arranging the surface of the roof, slate is preferred due to the presence of a number of positive characteristics, including:

Preparatory stage for installation

Before proceeding with the installation of asbestos-cement sheets, you should figure out how to properly lay the slate so that the coating is reliable and durable. Not only the installation of the roof, but any construction work start with the preparatory stage.

In this case, the slate device involves the creation of a base - it is a wooden crate. Before that, do not forget about the need to lay a waterproofing layer, which is entrusted with the function of preventing moisture from entering the space under the roof and getting the insulation wet. made from well dried quality wood.

Roof slate mounting options

The manufacturer's instructions with detailed description technological process... There are two options for carrying out work, thanks to which asbestos-cement sheets are firmly fixed on the wooden crate.

Slate laying methods allow you to put it either with a corner cut and without offset, or in a runaway. Each of these options has its own advantages.

A more common and less labor-intensive method of installation is considered to be a runaway method, for the implementation of which experts recommend purchasing 8-wave products, since when using 6-wave or 7-wave material, waste increases.

Slate stacking technology

Laying slate without shifting sheets

Considering the methods of laying slate, it should be noted that the installation option without displacing the sheets requires a lot of labor, but the roofing material is saved.

Using this method allows you to vertically align adjacent sheets by trimming the corners.

If, as an example, consider how to lay slate without displacing the material, starting from the left side of the roof slope, then it is necessary to cut off the adjacent corners at the junction of the second sheet in the lower row and the first in the upper row. Regardless of which installation method is chosen, the coating of asbestos-cement roofing material is of high quality and at the same time inexpensive.

Features of installation of a slate roof

Slate roofing technology has a number of nuances that must be taken into account: