Is it possible to insulate walls with glass wool. Everything about roof insulation from the inside: an overview of the most modern insulation technologies. Wood fiber boards

At the level with the walls, the roof of the house is the leader in heat loss, so it is simply necessary to insulate the roof of the house during construction or during the operation of the house. The insulated roof will allow you to maintain the temperature regime in the house and provide comfortable living conditions. To get the desired result, you need to follow some rules and follow the technologies that we will tell you about in the article.

The choice of materials for insulation

The main ones for roof insulation are polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, mineral wool and glass wool. There are other materials, but they are fundamentally inferior in quality to the proposed materials, so we will not consider them, but consider how to properly insulate the roof of a house with the materials we proposed.

Styrofoam and expanded polystyrene

Styrofoam and expanded polystyrene are common insulation materials that have many qualities. Such material not only does not lend itself to moisture, does not go astray, but also has durability.

To the listed qualities, one must add the fact that, according to statistics, these two materials have the lowest thermal conductivity, therefore, the most the best way protect the house from heat loss. In addition, polystyrene and expanded polystyrene are quite easy to install, but more on that later.

Mineral wool and glass wool

Mineral wool and glass wool, as well as foam, are excellent insulation materials, but differ in their qualities and specificity of operation. These two materials also have low thermal conductivity, are much lighter than foam, which makes them more suitable for insulation. wooden houses with a not very reinforced roof frame.

The negative quality of using mineral wool and glass wool as roof insulation is that these materials, unlike the first two, are very susceptible to moisture, therefore they require the combined use of waterproofing materials and mastics. In addition, cotton wool tends to get lost and exfoliate over time. And dust granules containing cotton wool particles are very strong allergens.

Roof insulation technology

So, having decided on the question of how to insulate the roof, we proceed to calculate the required amount of materials. Depending on the design of the roof frame, you may need a beam and a board to create sectors in the absence of open rafters on the roof. The roof insulation technique differs depending on the selected material.

Roof insulation with mineral wool or glass wool

The first step when using these materials inner surface roof sheathed waterproofing material or mastic, if the surface is solid. This action will help protect the insulation from moisture outside. The next step is the construction of sectors, they will be required in the absence of rafters in the roof structure. Insulation material is purchased with a width equal to the width between the rafters or beams of the sectors.

Further, the insulation is placed between the beams on the previously laid waterproofing and is located as close as possible to each other. When the insulation is laid on top, it must be covered with a vapor barrier material. This action will help protect the insulation wool from moisture from inside the room. After covering it with a vapor barrier, the inside of the roof can be sheathed with clapboard or other building materials for facing the premises, so you should get a room similar to the image in the figure.

Video review: How to insulate the roof

How to insulate the roof. detailed instructions from ISOVER

Insulation with expanded polystyrene and foam

The insulation technique with the indicated materials is the same as with glass wool insulation. Styrofoam sheets are stacked in sectors or between rafters. Styrofoam sheets, as in the first case, should be stacked closely. For better results, you can lay the foam in two layers. After laying polystyrene foam or polystyrene, the surface should be sheathed, as in the first case.

Video review: Roof insulation with expanded polystyrene

Roof insulation with expanded polystyrene

The methods of roof insulation described above are suitable for insulation of private, suburban and country houses... The roof can be insulated both from the outside and from the inside. The roof insulation technique differs, but the principle remains the same. In cases of using cotton wool, primary waterproofing and covering the insulation on top with insulating material will be necessary.

The most important condition for comfortable living in your own house at any time of the year and with the lowest possible cost of energy used for heating and air conditioning needs is a reliable Moreover almost all sections of the building should be insulated. The roof is no exception, which, by the way, is not always remembered by inexperienced novice developers.

If you look at the percentage of heat loss of any building that does not have proper thermal insulation, you can see that the "lion's share" of them falls on the attic floor and the roof. The specificity of this section of the general construction of the house also imposes special requirements on the materials used to insulate it. Let's try to understand this issue to help the reader eliminate possible mistakes and make the right choice. So, which is the best insulation for the roof?

The need for roof insulation

First of all, it is necessary to dispel doubts about the need for roof insulation. Let's start with this.

The limited area of \u200b\u200bthe site for building a house, and simply considerations of the most efficient construction with the lowest possible cost, often push the owners to use the attic space. Attic "floors" are very popular in our time, when the attic turns into a full-fledged living space, which does not differ from other rooms in terms of convenience and comfort. Can be placed in the attic and utility roomsuch as a warm storage room, study or workshop.

It is clear that with this approach to the useful use of the attic space, there is no doubt about the insulation of the roof. Whatever type of roofing is chosen - none of them will give the required protection from winter cold. And in the sultry summer period the roof slopes are heated to such an extent in the sun that staying in an uninsulated attic becomes not only uncomfortable, but even completely unbearable from the heat. This, too, by the way, should never be discounted - insulation, or rather, the thermal insulation of the roof helps to ensure an optimal microclimate in the attic at any time of the year.

But what about those who do not have the re-equipment of the attic into a useful space in the nearest construction plans? Maybe limit yourself only to high-quality thermal insulation attic floor?

How is the attic floor insulated?

The ceiling of the room, bordering from above with an unheated and non-insulated attic, becomes not a "bridge", but a whole "highway" for heat losses. This is eliminated by performing a whole range of thermal insulation works. - read in a special publication of our portal.

Of course, you can limit yourself to this. But it would be better to listen to the arguments in favor of insulating the roof slopes, even if this is associated, of course, with additional costs:

• All parts of the rafter system and interior arrangement attic space will be protected from the destructive effects of temperature and humidity changes. Therefore, the durability of the entire roof structure as a whole will increase.

• Energy efficiency increases dramatically when viewed on a building-wide basis. That is, the insulation of the roof, even with high-quality thermal insulation of the attic floor, will still contribute to the achievement of the most comfortable conditions at minimum costs from an external energy source.
• Most modern insulation materials have the ability to effectively absorb sound vibrations. Insulated roof slopes will not become "resonators" in case of heavy rain or hail. This is especially true for roofing materialstraditionally considered "noisy" - metal or slate.

• Finally, what seems unnecessary today or temporarily impracticable may turn into an urgent need in the future. It means that the developing circumstances can lead the owners of the house to the idea of \u200b\u200bthe need to expand the usable area at the expense of the attic space. So it is better to have a warm attic right away than later to do it "from scratch", which can often be associated with alteration or replacement individual elements rafter system that have already experienced a long-term negative impact of external factors. Sometimes such work cannot be carried out without temporary removal of the roof covering. In a word, it will come out much more expensive. So it makes sense to think ahead.

Criteria to be met by roof insulation

To make the right choice, you need to know the criteria by which this material should be judged. There are many of these criteria, and it should be noted right away that not a single insulation material fully meets all of them. So you often have to face a choice of which of the advantages to give preference to.

So, the "ideal" material for roof insulation is one that meets all the following requirements:

• Of course, thermal insulation qualities should be put in the first position. The material must have low thermal conductivity, that is, create the maximum possible resistance to heat transfer in specific conditions of use. This indicator can be estimated by looking at the coefficient of thermal conductivity, which is necessarily indicated in the list of thermal insulation characteristics. For roof insulation, where it is not particularly "run up" with the thickness of the insulation and the mass of the thermal insulation structure, they try to use materials with a thermal conductivity coefficient of no more than 0.05 W / m × C °. And the less this indicator, the better.
• The second most important is the density of the material. No one needs unnecessary overloads of the rafter system. So the less the insulation layer sufficient to create comfortable conditions weighs, the better.
• The trouble with many insulation materials is excessively high hygroscopicity, that is, the property of being saturated with moisture literally from the air. And waterlogging always leads to at least a loss of thermal insulation qualities. So, ideally, the insulation should have a minimum moisture absorption, or even better - pronounced hydrophobicity. This is especially important in a rooftop environment, where moisture is indispensable.
• The insulation material must maintain its qualities over a wide temperature range. That is, thermal insulation should work equally well both in extreme frosts and in the peak of summer heat.

• The most important qualities of the material, especially used for roof insulation, are indicators fire safety... This concerns resistance to fire, the ability to become a flame spread, smoke formation, toxicity of combustion products. The ideal material is seen completely non-flammable, but, alas, in this issue, very many heaters are far from all right.
• Material stability, that is, its durability under real operating conditions. An ideal insulation should not change shape and volume, be resistant to chemical or biological decomposition, spontaneous or due to external negative impact of one type or another.
• Insulation should not serve as a breeding ground for microorganisms, not be an attractive place for insects, birds, and mice nests. And this, by the way, is also a very difficult problem to resolve.
• The thermal insulation material during operation should not pose a hazard in terms of the release of vapors harmful to human health and other environmental pollution.
• For those who are going to carry out thermal insulation work on their own, the clarity and simplicity of working with the material is important, which does not require excessive efforts, special experience, and special equipment.
• Finally, an important criterion for any building material, including for heaters, there was and remains affordability.

As you can see, there are a lot of criteria for assessing the quality of thermal insulation materials. And now we will begin to "try" them on to heaters that are suitable for thermal insulation pitched roof.

What insulation can be considered the best for the roof?

This publication will mainly focus on the most widespread in private construction pitched roof... Flat roofs have their own specifics of thermal insulation, and the materials used for this purpose may be different. So, bulk insulation, special mortars with special filling, high-density mineral wool slabs and other materials are widely used. This issue requires a separate detailed consideration, so it will be omitted in this article.

And for pitched roofs, where on the insulation itself will not have a significant mechanical effect, they still try to use materials with a low specific gravity. They can be roughly divided into three groups:

• Insulation with fiber structure.
• Rigid insulation with a gas-filled porous structure.
• Sprayed heaters.

These groups are also heterogeneous - materials can vary significantly both in basic composition and in performance characteristics.

Insulation materials with fiber structure

This group of materials has one thing in common - they all represent an interweaving of thin fibers, due to which a layer of immobilized air is created in them. And this, in turn, becomes a thermal insulation layer. But source materials for the production of fibers can have serious differences, up to their "nature" - mineral or organic. The first includes all varieties of mineral wool, the second subcategory - cellulose-based ecowool.

Mineral wool

Two types of mineral wool are used for thermal insulation of building structures in residential buildings. In the first of them, the fibers are formed from a melt of quartz glass, in the second, the rocks of the basalt group serve as raw materials for production. Hence the name - glass wool and stone (basalt) wool.

There is another type of mineral wool - it is made from waste of metallurgical enterprises, slags. But in residential construction, it has not received distribution, since it loses both in insulating qualities and in durability. Yes and in terms of environmental safety she, too, is not all right. In short, there is no point in keeping your attention on it.

Mineral wool prices

mineral wool

But you should take a closer look at glass wool and basalt wool.

Glass fiber mineral wool

For the production of glass wool, glass breakage and refined quartz sand are used as raw materials. After melting the mass in furnaces, thin fibers are drawn from it using a special technology, which are then pressed into "carpets" using binding additives. At the final stage of production, it is cut into blocks or mats of standard sizes.

The production process has long been worked out, there is no shortage of raw materials either, and therefore the cost of glass wool is from the category of quite affordable ones, which predetermines its wide popularity. The shape of the inlet is blocks (slabs), mats in rolls, and recently, slabs in rolls that are convenient to install are also practiced.

TO dignity m glass wool can be attributed to the following:

- The specific weight of the insulation is small, and therefore its installation does not require much physical effort, and the thermal insulation system does not exert a significant load on the roof structure.

- Glass wool blocks or mats have good elasticity. That is, they can be laid in spaces that are somewhat smaller in size - after straightening, they fit quite tightly both to each other and to the enclosing elements (in this case, most often to the rafter legs).

- The same quality allows you to significantly reduce the volume of material when packing it on the production line. This property allows you to reduce the overhead costs of transporting the insulation. And after removing the packaging, the blocks or mats, expanding, take on the given dimensions.

- The material is flexible, that is, it can be used without additional cutting into smaller fragments for thermal insulation of complex, for example, curved or broken sections.

At the same time, glass wool also has certain limitations , which should not be forgotten in any way:

- This insulation has a fairly high hygroscopicity. Therefore, when using it, special attention is paid to creating a reliable vapor barrier from the attic, and to the possibility of free evaporation of moisture from the roof. Otherwise, the insulation will quickly become damp and lose all its thermal insulation qualities.

- Glass fibers are quite fragile. This means that vibrating influences are completely contraindicated in glass wool. Small broken off particles of fibers become a serious irritant for the skin, eyes and mucous membranes of the respiratory system, that is, work on thermal insulation should be carried out in compliance with special protective measures. Measures should be considered to completely exclude the possibility of these particles entering the atmosphere of the living area of \u200b\u200bthe house during operation, as they cause allergic reactions.

- The emission of formaldehydes, which are part of the binders, is also one of the disadvantages of the material. But this is more characteristic of cheap heaters of unknown brands (or even those that do not have any trademark at all - this happens!) Leading manufacturers are trying to negate emission rates, and many modern types glass wool is approved for use not only in residential and public buildings, but even in educational and medical institutions.

A few more words can be added about the “brand” of glass wool. The fact is that the construction market is full of inexpensive materials of very dubious origin. In the production of such glass wool, either outdated technologies are used, or the process of technological control is completely absent. Such mats are characterized by high fiber fragility and strong shrinkage, and glass wool can turn into dust in just a few years. Naturally, there can be no question of any quality of roof insulation. So the pursuit of cheapness often turns into considerable additional costs.

If a decision has been made to use glass wool for roof insulation, then you should pay attention to high-quality products, for example, from the companies "Ursa" or "Isover".

For example, let's take a closer look at the insulation from the line « UrsaGeo "... For roof insulation from this series are suitable "A private house", "M -11" and "Pitched roof", whose name speaks for itself.

All these materials are based on fiberglass with the addition of special mineral components, which reduce the disadvantages characteristic of glass wool. Products of this series are considered completely safe for both humans and the environment.

The products of the Ursa company are characterized by a number of special advantages:

- The material belongs to the group completely non-flammable heaters. Not only does the insulation not ignite itself - it can become a barrier to the spread of the flame.

- The company's technologists have managed to reduce the emission of organic binders to such a low level that it can be ignored at all - it does not in any way affect the cleanliness of the indoor air.

- Thanks to special mineral additives, which are the company's technological secret, glass fibers received additional elasticity, that is, they managed to reduce their characteristic fragility.

- In many types of Ursa Geo thermal insulation, in particular in the Pitched Roof, the interesting URSA Spannfilz technology is used. Literally this expression can be translated as "elastic felt". The special structure of the fiber board gives it increased elasticity, and the insulation blocks fit very well between the rafters, which makes it possible to do without even additional fastening. And a snug fit eliminates the formation of voids, unfilled with insulation.

- Heaters are produced in a very convenient form for styling. For example, the material "Pitched roof" is a slab in a roll, which greatly simplifies cutting to the desired size, if necessary.

- The manufacturer guarantees a long term of correctly installed thermal insulation without losing its insulating qualities, without shrinkage and destructuring - at least 50 years old.

The main characteristics of Ursa Geo fiberglass heaters, which are excellent for the thermal insulation of a pitched roof, are shown in the table.

	A private house	M-11	Pitched roof
Thermal conductivity coefficient, W / m × ° С	0,045	0,044	0,040
Water vapor permeability, mg / m × h × Pa	0,65	0,64	0,64
Fire safety class	KM0	KM0	KM0
Flammability group	NG	NG	NG
Operating temperature range, ° С	60 ÷ + 220	60 ÷ + 220	60 ÷ + 220
Water absorption in 24 hours, kg / m², no more	1	1	1
Release form	mats in a roll	mats in a roll	slabs in roll
Dimensional parameters, mm
- length	8350	7000; 9000; 10000	3900; 3000
- width	1200	1200	1200
- thickness	50	50; 10	150;200
approximate cost	1100 rub / m ³	roll 1200 × 10000 × 50 mm - 1220 rubles.	RUB 980 with a thickness of 150 mm; 1070 RUB with a thickness of 200 mm.

Basalt based mineral wool

Fibers obtained from rock melt gabbro-basalt groups have a number of advantages over glass. They become thinner and longer, they have more pronounced elasticity, much less fragility. All this gives mineral wool on such a basis higher performance. All the advantages inherent in glass wool are inherent in basalt, and, in addition, there are a number of advantages.

Basalt wool prices

basalt wool

It is even visually noticeable that high-quality basalt wool has a pronounced homogeneous structure, it is given clear geometric shapes. It is much easier to work with such a heater - it is certainly not worth neglecting the means of protecting the skin and respiratory organs, but it does not cause such strong irritation as glass wool.

Basalt wool is better and with hygroscopicity - a special treatment dramatically reduces moisture absorption, and products of some manufacturers do have properties close to hydrophobicity. But this still does not give reason to refuse vapor barrier. Vapor permeability is at a height, that is, when the necessary conditions are created, even moisture that has accidentally penetrated into the material will easily evaporate through the ventilation gaps of the roofing cake.

The products of well-known brands are doing quite well with formaldehyde emission indicators - the heaters have sanitary certificates with permission for safe use in any residential premises. By the way, it will never be superfluous to check the presence of a copy of such a certificate when purchasing any insulation material.

Basalt wool slabs are extremely easy to install - both due to their precise "geometry" and due to their pronounced elasticity. And besides, manufacturers provide for other "chips". For example, the popular among builders ROCKWOOL LIGHT BATTS SCANDIC slabs have a “spring-loaded” edge using a special technology, which ensures their accurate and reliable fixation at the installation site - between rafters, beams,

Perfect solution for roof insulation - ROCKWOOL LIGHT BATTS SCANDIC slabs with a springy edge zone, which makes installation simple and very reliable

Basalt wool has few significant drawbacks (when it comes to really high-quality products of well-known brands). Perhaps only the higher cost of the material can be attributed here.

The range of basalt heaters is quite wide. Along with the "heavyweights" in this area of \u200b\u200bproduction - companies "ROCKWOOL", "PAROC", "Technonikol", quite worthy products are offered by firms "Basvul", "Isobel", "Izovol" and others. Before purchasing, it makes sense to take a closer look at the brand you like - trustworthy companies always have informative internet portals, and a network of representative offices is organized across Russia.

As an example, to get acquainted with the physical and operational characteristics, you can take the already mentioned ROCKWOOL LIGHT BATTS insulation. By the way, another advantage of it is that when packed in production, it is compressed by more than half due to vacuum technology. But when removing the packaging, the plates take the given dimensions without any loss of their performance.

The name of the main operational parameters of the material	Indicators
Thermal conductivity coefficient (W / m × ° С):	0,039
Specific weight (kg / m ³)	30
Flammability group	NG
Fire safety class	KM0
Water vapor permeability (mg / (m × h × Pa), not less	0.03
Partial immersion moisture absorption	no more than 1kg / m²
Dimensions	800 × 600 mm (XL slabs - 1200 × 600 mm)
thickness	50 or 100 mm (XL boards - 100 and 150 mm)
approximate cost	- with a thickness of 50 mm - 145 rubles / m² - 100 mm - 285 rubles / m² - 150 mm - 430 rubles / m²

The service life of such thermal insulation is estimated at not less than 50 years.

Fiber insulation on an organic basis - ecowool

This insulation appeared in wide use not so long ago, and is even unknown to many. Meanwhile, it shows very good thermal insulation qualities.

The basis for the manufacture of ecowool is ordinary cellulose fibers obtained from wood waste, paper and other waste raw materials. The total cellulose content in the composition of this insulation reaches 80 ÷ 85 percent. The rest is additives that ensure the biological resistance of the material (boric acid) and special flame retardants that increase the resistance of cellulose to fire.

The thermal performance of ecowool is very decent: the thermal conductivity coefficient is approximately in the range from 0.038 to 0.043 W / m × ° WITH, that is, it is quite comparable with mineral wool.

The material is famous for its ecological cleanliness (hence its name), and antiseptic treatment reliably protects it from debate and decay, from damage by pathogenic microflora. Rodents and insects do not make nests in ecowool.

According to the degree of combustibility, the material belongs to the G 2 group - slightly combustible, self-extinguishing. Combustion products do not contain toxic substances, which is typical, for example, of synthetic insulation.

Ecowool is quite hygroscopic, therefore, issues of reliable hydro and vapor barrier will have to be thought out unambiguously. But due to the capillary structure of natural fibers, moisture also easily evaporates from the material without disturbing its qualities. It is interesting that in this way the stand of ecowool insulation is able to "automatically" maintain an optimal moisture balance in the room.

Prices for ecowool

Ecowool is laid using “dry” and “wet” technologies. But application by a "wet" method, that is, by spraying, is not particularly justified on roof slopes that have a negative slope from the attic side - too much waste will turn out. Therefore, most often this insulation is blown into cavities that are created using vapor barrier membranes or the inner lining of the attic.

Thermal insulation of the roof slopes with ecowool - the material is blown into the created cavities using a special installation

The density of the insulation layer, depending on the method of application, ranges from 40 to 75 kg / m³.

TO disadvantages similar insulation can be attributed to the following:

- Even the “dry method” of ecowool laying (with the exception of floor insulation) requires a special installation. In addition, well-developed skills are needed for the quality performance of such work.

- The process of laying ecowool - in any case, it turns out to be very dusty. You cannot start it without personal protective equipment.

The cost of ecowool ranges from 20 to 35 rubles per kilogram. She usually enters on sale in sealed plastic bags, packaged in 15 or 20 kilograms.

Not much, it seems. But if you familiarize yourself with the prices of services of manufacturers or distributors of such insulation, you can see that you will also pay about the same amount for the installation. And without special equipment, it is extremely difficult to do this. This, perhaps, is the most important "minus" of such thermal insulation.

Sprayed heaters

One of the most effective ways to insulate the roof is to spray foam insulation from the back of the roof slopes. With this approach, the thermal insulation layer becomes practically seamless, that is, without leaving cold bridges.

There are several types of such materials. But the closest "to the ideal" by all criteria of the quality of thermal insulation is approaching polyurethane foam.

Perhaps the most reliable and effective way to insulate a pitched roof is by spraying polyurethane foam

The coefficient of thermal conductivity of PU foam is very low, estimated at less than 0.03 W / m × ° С. The material shows excellent adhesion to almost all surfaces. A closed cell makes the insulation layer vapor-tight, that is, in some cases, you can do without additional costs for vapor barrier.

However, all the advantages of the material are also combined with a rather high price for it. Moreover, polyurethane foam is synthesized directly at the place of work from two initial components, for which special installations are used. That is, "lovers of independent creativity", one way or another, will have to resort to calling the brigade. And this also costs a lot of money.

There is, however, a caveat - recently, disposable mini-installations for spraying polyurethane foam have appeared in hardware stores. However, the price for them is no less than the cost of the services of professionals.

If you look at the prices of construction companies in the Central Region of Russia, then the cost of spraying 100 mm thick polyurethane foam on an area of \u200b\u200b1 m² ranges from 1100 to 1400 rubles, depending on the manufacturer of the initial components. Agree, very expensive.

You can talk a lot about polyurethane foam, but we will limit ourselves to the above brief information. The fact is that on our portal a special publication is given to this type of insulation. By the way, it also tells about another type of foamed insulation - foam insulation, which can also be used for thermal insulation of roofs.

Prices for polyurethane foam

polyurethane foam

Special technology of thermal insulation - foamed insulation

From all other insulation materials, these differ, first of all, in a special application technology. Read about the advantages and disadvantages and the peculiarities of working with them in a special article on our portal.

Rigid synthetic-based insulation boards

Polystyrene based materials

This group of heaters includes the familiar white foam and extruded polystyrene foam. Despite being related to chemical composition, the difference in the performance of these materials is very large.

• Let's start with the styrofoam. And here we will immediately express a categorical judgment, with which, perhaps, some will disagree. Nevertheless, it is highly undesirable to use foam plastic for thermal insulation of roof slopes.

There are no words - polystyrene captivates with a low price, quite decent thermal insulation characteristics, ease, ease of installation. What more could you want?

But let's take a closer look at its flaws:

- The production of polystyrene is a fairly simple process that does not require super-complicated equipment. And they are doing this business everywhere, very often without observing any technical requirements. So it's ridiculous to talk about any quality standards.

- The main drawback of foam is its flammability. And this material not only spreads flames very well, but also releases deadly toxic substances when burning. Just a few breaths - and a person gets the most powerful poisoning, leading to the most sad consequences. The statistics of fire tragedies show that when expanded polystyrene fires, people have little chance of surviving, even with a small fire. Is it worth laying such a "bomb" on such a vulnerable fire hazard section of the building like a roof?

Prices for PIR plates

The main component of such boards is polyisocyanurate foam (abbreviated as PIR). It is a gas-filled rigid structure with insulated cells.

Due to the special production technology and the specificity of the polymer itself, insulation boards are considered for now unsurpassed according to its thermal insulation qualities. So, the manufacturer claims a completely fantastic thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.022 W / m × ° WITH! In fact, in real conditions, it may, of course, be more, but even 0.025 is a very good indicator.

The material has a high mechanical strength - up to 120 kPa at 10% deformation. At the same time, the density of the boards does not go beyond 40 kg / m³

Wide operating temperature range: from - 70 to + 110 ° С.

Almost complete hydrophobicity - a closed cell prevents moisture from penetrating inside.

PIR boards can be covered with foil, which gives them additional slickness from moisture. Other types of coatings are also practiced.

Many models of slabs have comfortable groove-ridges lock connectionsallowing to cover large areas with a seamless coating.

One of the "pioneers" in the production of such thermal insulation was the Russian company "TechnoNIKOL". Its product range includes slabs for insulating any part of the building, including for the roof. At the same time, the company also offers ready-made solutions - sets of materials for thermal insulation of the roof between the rafters, under them and above them - at the choice of the consumer.

Standard sizes watered - 600 × 1200 mm. The thickness is selected according to the needs - in the assortment range of plates with a thickness of 25 to 150 mm.

There is no doubt that such thermal insulation materials have a great future. But so far they have not received wide distribution - simply because of the high cost. So, depending on the specific type, on the type of external coating and on the thickness of the plates, the price for them varies from 11 to 15 thousand rubles per cubic meter.

Technonikol is not the only company that has mastered the production of these innovative materials. Watch a video about insulating a pitched roof with PIR-plates of the company " PirroGroup ".

Video: Insulation of roof slopes with innovative thermal insulation - PIR-plates "PirroGroup"

Appendix: How to determine how much insulation is required?

If certainty has appeared with the choice of insulation, then the question will inevitably arise - what thickness of thermal insulation should be performed in order to ensure comfortable conditions in the attic. You will need to make a small calculation, and a convenient online calculator will help us with this.

The calculation is not particularly difficult. The algorithm is based on the fact that the created thermal insulation system should create a total resistance to heat transfer not less than that established by the norms for a particular region, taking into account its climatic features. You can find out the normalized thermal resistance according to the attached schematic map. Please note - in this case we are interested in red numbers - for coatings. This indicator in the "three" is always the largest.

The second value required for the calculation is the thermal conductivity coefficient of the insulation material. The operating values \u200b\u200bof these are already entered in the calculator's database. coefficients for heaters, about which was discussed in this publication.

If desired, you can also take into account the lining of the attic, if it is solid. The materials of such cladding also have certain thermal insulation qualities. And this can give, though not very large, but still reduce the required thickness of the insulation. However, this item is optional, and if the cladding will not be taken into account, just leave the default value of its thickness - 0 mm.

The final result will be shown in millimeters. It only remains to bring it to the standard thicknesses of the selected insulation, with rounding up. For example, it turned out 132 mm. You can apply two-layer insulation with plates of 100 and 40 mm thick, or use plates with a thickness of 150 mm. Here you can already choose for reasons of economy of one or another possible option and according to the planned installation scheme for insulation.

When making a choice, the better to insulate the roof of a private household, it is necessary to take into account not only the cost of the building material, its technical characteristics, but also the nuances of installation works... You can install the heat insulator yourself, but in some cases it is better to use the services of experienced roofers.

Insulation selection rules - the better to insulate

When choosing a heat-insulating material, first of all, pay attention to the type of roof, which is pitched or flat. Features of the roof structure affect the requirements for insulation.

When choosing it, a number of parameters are analyzed:

• thermal conductivity - the lower its indicator, the more effective the insulation will be;
• service life without loss of quality;
• moisture resistance;
• the ability to maintain the original parameters;
• environmental friendliness - the insulation does not contain toxic substances;
• frost resistance - in case of a drop temperature regime the thermal insulation material should not deteriorate the operational properties;
• specific gravity - preference should be given to low-density heaters, which will not weigh down roof frame;
• fire resistance;
• sound insulation - has great importance when arranging "noisy" roofing, for example, from metal tiles.

When deciding on the question of how to insulate the roof of a private house, it is not advisable to make mistakes that affect the quality of thermal insulation work:

1. Saving money on quality. Experts recommend purchasing insulation from manufacturers who have long proven themselves well.
2. Laying a layer of insulation of insufficient thickness.
3. Violation of the technology of installation work.

All materials used for thermal insulation of roofs in private households are divided into several groups:

• in the form of plates;
• roll;
• sprayed;
• bulk.

Mineral wool for the roof of a private house

When choosing how to insulate the roof from the inside of a private house, many prefer mineral wool. It is used in the construction of insulation for flat and pitched roofs. This fibrous material is produced from molten rock. In the building materials market, mineral wool is sold in the form of mats (plates) and roll products. When making a choice, one should take into account its thickness and density.

Among the advantages of mineral wool:

• high degree of thermal insulation;
• incombustibility;
• ecological cleanliness;
• stability of parameters;
• easy installation;
• affordable price;
• soundproofing;
• absence of rodents and microorganisms.

Rigid mineral fiber slabs are used for external insulation of a flat roof structure. Mineral wool with a lower thickness and density is used to insulate pitched roofs.

Insulation using this material requires the arrangement of hydro, vapor barrier and ventilation gaps. These layers prevent moisture from collecting in the insulation. Otherwise, the thermal insulation qualities of the mineral wool are reduced, and in rafter system decay processes begin.

Glass wool

It is sold in the construction market in rolls and in the form of plates. This is an environmentally friendly insulation with good soundproofing qualities. When installing a heat-insulating layer using glass wool, roofers use protective clothing and special equipment and observe safety precautions so as not to harm health.

Before insulating a roof in a private house with mineral wool, you need to select a vapor barrier material, and at the same time, glass wool slabs may already have a foil coating on the outside - its presence simplifies the installation of the thermal insulation layer.

Roof insulation with foam

This popular tile material is also called extruded polystyrene foam. It is used to insulate roofs. It is distinguished by high rates of thermal insulation, resistant to humid air.

Since the material does not absorb vapors, it can be applied directly to the waterproofing layer without creating an air gap. The combustibility and vapor permeability of expanded polystyrene makes it unsuitable for arranging an insulated flat soft roof.

When insulating a pitched roof, tiled foam is placed between the rafters in one layer. In this case, the edges of the material should be tightly adjacent to wooden structures... Also, the joints of the plates need to be processed. polyurethane foam and then glue the reinforced tape on top.

How to insulate with polyurethane foam

The material is known among experts as a good choice for insulating the roof of a private house, since it has a number of advantages:

• insignificant share;
• waterproofing properties due to the presence of a clogged cell structure;
• soundproofing qualities;
• low degree of thermal conductivity;
• biostability.

Polyurethane foam is produced in the form of plates with sufficient rigidity. It can also be applied by spraying. During operation, PU foam plates retain their shape, they are easy to drill and cut. Products are mounted in the same way as roof insulation is installed using expanded polystyrene.

Despite the fact that polyurethane foam spraying is a recent technology, it deservedly received recognition. The application of a heat-insulating layer is carried out using equipment, which is considered the main disadvantage of this method. Of the advantages of sprayed polyurethane foam, it should be noted the high quality of the heat-insulating layer, since the coating is monolithic - the foaming composition fills all the cracks without exception.

Penoizol

The technology of insulating the roof of a private household using penoizol has much in common with the use of another material - sprayed polyurethane foam. In terms of technical characteristics, it is similar to foam. Its advantages include a combination of affordable price and good quality.

When looking for a solution, the cheaper it is to insulate the roof, it is Penoizol that can be called such a material. The price for it is less than that of extruded polystyrene foam, mineral wool, basalt slabs. This polymer material is completely safe for human health.

Foaming equipment is used to spray penoizol. It is necessary to bring the hose closer to the location of the insulation and fill the gap with foam. After hardening, the thermal foam will not have a harmful effect and will not make the structure heavier. Penoizol differs from sprayed polystyrene foam in its high degree of moisture absorption (almost 5%), therefore it is necessary to lay a vapor barrier layer.

Foam concrete

This material is used when you need to solve a problem than to insulate the roof of a private house with a flat roof.

Foam concrete is made from:

• cement;
• concrete;
• sand;
• means for the formation of pores.

The use of foam material results in a strong and durable roof insulation. Since foam concrete has a low density, it does not exert high loads on the supporting frame and retains heat well.

Benefits of foam concrete:

• environmental friendliness;
• vapor permeability;
• fire safety.

A special mobile installation is used to lay the foam concrete. As a result, the layer of insulation should be 3-15 centimeters.

Expanded clay

It is used when arranging flat slopes. Expanded clay refers to a bulk type of insulation. It is placed either on the floor slabs or on the outer surface of the roof. The heat insulator is sealed and covered with a screed, while maintaining the required slope of the slope to ensure the removal of atmospheric precipitation.

When using expanded clay, loads are significantly increased, both on the foundation of the structure and on the roof structures. This nuance should be taken into account when drawing up project documentation for a private house... The quality of such insulation depends on the observance of the insulation technology.

Foamed glass

Refers to environmentally friendly materials for house roof insulation. It has high thermal insulation performance. It is produced by foaming the glass mass with carbon.

As a result, foamed glass is resistant to deformation processes, moisture and steam, it is durable and non-combustible. This insulation is used for arranging thermal insulation on all types of roofs, regardless of what materials they are built from. When installing foamed glass, polymer acetate glue is used to ensure a high degree of adhesion.

The use of this insulation gives elasticity to the soft roofing and allows it to be leveled. This is one of the best thermal insulation options flat roofsthat are planned to be exploited.

Ecowool

For the manufacture of such insulation as ecowool, waste paper is used. This heat insulator is environmentally friendly with excellent sound and heat insulating properties. But, as you know, cellulose is a combustible material and can be damaged by rodents and microorganisms. For this reason, ecowool is treated with bioprotective compounds and fire retardants.

This material is lightweight and inexpensive. But the arrangement of roof insulation needs a special approach when it is required to mount ecowool between the rafters. Closed "boxes" are made of tiled materials, then insulation is blown into them, filling the cracks with it completely.

Among the shortcomings of the heat insulator, it should be noted that it is necessary to prepare for installation and use special equipment.

Sawdust

Long before the advent of modern thermal insulation materials, sawdust, which is a waste of woodworking, was especially popular when it was necessary to insulate the roof of one's own house. They are environmentally friendly, hypoallergenic, but flammable, which must be taken into account when choosing an insulation option. In addition, rodents like to live in them, and sawdust is also subject to the decay process.

This bulk material is not insulated roof structure, but only the ceiling. Ecowool can be used in the same way. Having laid the sawdust in an even layer, own homes they insulate the ceilings of residential premises with high quality.

In order to enhance the thermal insulation performance, sawdust is mixed with clay and the attic floor is treated. Their use is possible only on condition that the attic room will not be used.

A correctly made choice of insulation and a high-quality arrangement of the roofing pie allow providing a microclimate favorable for its residents throughout the year in a private household, and saving on heating in winter.

To cold winter it was comfortable in the apartment, in early autumn it is necessary to take care of the walls insulation. As a rule, experienced people prefer to insulate their houses from the outside. This is a very costly and laborious process. We suggest that you approach the problem from the other side. Insulating the walls of the apartment inside is what you need to do before the coming cold weather.

Disadvantages of the method

The most important rule of thermal insulation of any building is that the increase in the vapor permeability of the layers should go from the inside to the outside. In this regard, the vapor barrier layer from the inside of the house, as practice shows, is almost always in a slightly damp state. If there is no ventilation inside the room (and this, you see, happens quite often), you are guaranteed the appearance of condensate on the vapor barrier layer, as well as the insulation itself. As a result, fungi and mold multiply on finishing materials. Moreover, no matter how much you do cosmetic repairs, nothing will change for the better. This is especially true of panel buildings, which are more likely than brick ones to be susceptible to fungi.

The load-bearing (main) wall of the building (if we are insulating the walls of the apartment inside) will not be protected from the effects of the external environment. This means that rain, snow, and wind will have an impact. And this is not to mention the constant temperature drops. Thus, the insulation of the walls of the apartment from the inside will result in the wall becoming less durable. No, of course, tomorrow your house will not collapse, but cracks will appear over time.

By insulating the walls from the inside, you yourself are depriving yourself of excess living space. The thicker the insulation, the more area it will take. But you could sit on it.

Finally, the most important thing. It seems to you that insulating the house from the inside is a very simple option. Yes, in fact, this is so, even a beginner in the construction issue can cope with this. The question is how much it will cost. The method is expensive. It is not enough to paste over the walls with insulation. It is also necessary to provide relatively comfortable living conditions. So, just one installation of internal ventilation (you remember that this is necessary to protect the house from mold) will have to spend a tidy sum.

Warming rules

So, starting the insulation of the house, first of all, we install the supporting frame on which the insulation will be located, and then finishing. It can be made from both wooden blocks and galvanized profiles, which are used for installing drywall. As for the step of the frame racks, it is chosen taking into account the parameters of the width of the insulation. Necessary condition consists in the fact that the insulation is included in the spacer, which is created between the frame posts. Thus, you get rid of the need to install an additional mount. As a rule, the distance between the posts is between five hundred and a thousand millimeters. So, the frame is installed. Next, we install insulation plates in the spacer. We put a special vapor barrier film on top of the insulation. If you do not want to face a sharp temperature drop, then where the layers of the vapor barrier film are joined to each other, carefully glue the seams. Thus, you will ensure that the steam from the inside will not moisturize the insulation layer.

Now you need to create an additional wireframe. This is necessary so that an air gap appears for honey with vapor barrier and interior decoration. The goal of all these actions is still the same - to avoid wetting the interior decoration. Made? Excellent! Feel free to start the interior decoration of the room. What it will be is up to you.

What insulation to choose

The choice of thermal insulation materials directly depends on what the building wall is built from. Let's say you have to insulate a brick, wooden house or a building made of foam concrete. In this case, we recommend using basalt insulation with a not very high density. These include Rockwool insulation Light Butts, Techno Light or Linerock Light.

Glass wool insulation

Quite good results are obtained by those who decide to make internal insulation of the walls of an apartment from glass wool (for example, Ursa, Isover or Knauf insulation). By the way, these insulating materials can be either in slabs or in rolls. Please note when buying insulation that it must be suitable for use in vertical structures. There is one more important point when working with glass wool insulation. Due to the fact that this type of insulation has much higher water absorption than basalt, it is necessary to make a good vapor barrier.

Foam insulation

Another type is foam insulation. Also good material, if not for one thing. It does not have a soundproofing effect at all, while basalt insulation and glass wool insulation are adapted for this. Agree, it is not very pleasant when noises from the street will be heard in your apartment.

If you live in panel housethen extruded polystyrene foam is ideal for you. It almost does not absorb moisture, but it is itself an excellent vapor barrier. But it also has its drawback - flammability. In addition, its price is not always acceptable for the wallet of the average Russian citizen. But extruded polystyrene foam will once and for all save you from the fear of losing interior decoration due to mold or mildew.

The process has its supporters and ardent opponents. In their own truth, both those and others, it all depends on the situation. But before choosing this particular type of insulation, you need to know which insulation is suitable, to study the nuances of performing insulation work.

To insulate the walls inside the premises is to make your home comfortable and cozy for living. This type of heat saving is unconventional and is usually used. But there are situations when there is no other way out.

This option can also be considered in apartment buildingwhen insulation interior walls the only way to insulate a room. This process will help eliminate fungal growth in the room.

Cons of internal thermal insulation

This method has its drawbacks, so it has many opponents.

Problems with internal wall insulation are the following:

• with external thermal insulation, the walls of the building are protected from the cold, which cannot be achieved with insulation from the inside. The base is in contact with the environment, cracks may appear on it;
• the occurrence of condensation. With internal heat saving, it moves behind supporting structure and is formed between the insulator and the surface. The result can be the development of fungal formations that will be difficult to notice;
• reduction in area. Modern heat insulators have excellent characteristics, but they have not yet come up with such a material that would take up little space. At this point, when insulating, the room will be 10 cm smaller on each side.

Before deciding on internal insulation, it is worth weighing all the disadvantages, and considering the advantages, this is the only way to avoid mistakes and shortcomings during installation.

Thermal insulation materials

This technology allows the use of various thermal insulation materials for walls, which have pros and cons.

The most popular heat insulators:

• wood fiber board;
• ecowool;
• glass wool.

These insulators are widely available and inexpensive. Let's analyze the characteristics of each type of insulator that can be used as insulation from the inside.

Penoplex and polystyrene

A productive and affordable heat insulator, which is used very often when insulating apartments, in high-rise buildings. It is enough to take a 5 cm thick slab. No special tool is needed, and installation is not difficult.

But this material has disadvantages:

• flammability;
• low strength;
• vapor tightness - if you do not make working ventilation in the apartment, otherwise it will turn into a greenhouse.

It is necessary to equip forced ventilation - this may require additional costs.

This version of thermal insulation is suitable only for concrete, brick, foam block structures, since wood covered with this heat-insulating material loses its ability to "breathe".

Mineral wool

A very common heat insulator. It is widely used in apartments and industrial buildings, in addition, it is used as a filler in plasterboard partitions, as it has excellent sound insulation properties.

Mineral wool is inexpensive, has excellent vapor barrier. For an apartment or house, it is better to purchase hard slabs of basalt wool, they are easy to install. Another plus of the material is incombustibility.

But it is worth using this material with great care if the walls in the apartment are damp, basalt wool is hygroscopic, and when wet it completely loses its insulating properties. Therefore, before laying it on the walls, you need to equip the waterproofing layer, and before the finishing lining, stretch the vapor barrier.

For waterproofing works, it is better to use membranes, they have vapor permeability and will not interfere with the "breathing" of the outer walls.

Wood fiber boards

This material has a number of positive characteristics:

• good heat conservation and sound insulation;
• not afraid of temperature changes;
• moisture resistant;
• easy to process and install;
• rodents do not breed in it.

Often this material is used specifically for exterior decoration, it is treated with special impregnations that can harm human health.

Foil insulation

Technological processes do not stand still, therefore, innovative developments in the field of insulation and construction constantly appear on the market. Such a novelty is a foil-clad heat insulator.

The material is a layer of polyester foam, on which a layer of thin aluminum foil is glued. The property of this material is that heat is reflected from the foil layer and directed inside the house.

Many manufacturers produce polyester with a self-adhesive layer, so it is very convenient to work with this material, it is enough to carefully prepare the surface and stick insulation on the wall.

Ecowool

The material that appeared on the market quite recently, but immediately gained popularity among ordinary people, thanks to a lot of advantages:

• naturalness and safety. The heat insulator is made by recycling recycled cellulose, therefore it is non-toxic;
• excellent performance of thermal insulation;
• air impermeability;
• fine fiber structure;
• durability;
• does not shrink.

But, despite the positive characteristics, the material has several significant disadvantages that prevent its widespread use:

• the inability to do the installation yourself. The material is applied by wet spraying using a special technique. For insulation, you will have to invite specialists;
• with vertical spraying, the laying of the material must be carried out in stages, since there is a possibility of the layer slipping;
• flammability;
• the period of solidification of the mass is 24 hours, subject to good ventilation;
• cost;
• the need to equip the frame.

Internal thermal insulation of walls with the help of ecowool is carried out strictly along the wooden crate, the step of which can vary from 60 cm to 1 meter. The frame is constructed so that, when spraying, the material does not slip from a vertical surface.

Glass wool

This heat insulator has been used in construction for a very long time. The main constituent of this material is fiberglass.

The use of glass wool is due to the following characteristics:

• high soundproofing qualities;
• flexibility - due to its structure, glass wool can take any shape;
• fire resistance;
• immunity to chemical attack;
• affordable cost;
• breathability.

But it's worth talking about the disadvantages:

• the material is unstable to mechanical stress, therefore it is mounted only on the frame;
• has a high degree of shrinkage over time;
• service life is 10 years, then glass wool loses its thermal insulation properties;
• destroyed by sun exposure.

Despite the disadvantages, the material is very often used for warming premises, as it has a low cost and ease of installation.

When working with glass wool, you need to use protective equipment - glasses, a mask, gloves and tight clothing, since small, sharp particles of material when in contact with the skin cause severe itching.

How to choose the right material for indoor insulation

Before you mount the wall insulation from the inside with your own hands, we choose the right insulator that meets the following requirements:

• safety for humans;
• environmental friendliness;
• durability;
• fire resistance;
• vapor permeability;
• low thermal conductivity;
• moisture resistance.

With internal insulation of the house, it is worth it even before the start of installation, they equip a good ventilation system, otherwise the microclimate in the room will become unfavorable over time.

Comparative table of thermal insulation materials:

Material name	Density	Thermal conductivity coefficient	Vapor permeability	Moisture absorption
Styrofoam	40	0, 037	0,05	2
Penoplex	28	0,028	0,006	0,2
Wood fiber	250-400	0,045-0,09	1	12
Minvata	30-220	0,07	0,38-0,60	70
Ecowool	35-65	0,032-0,042	0,67	-
Glass wool	10-50	0,029-0,052	0,5-0,6	10-15

Wall insulation technology from the inside

Experts advise to use the insulation of the room from the inside only in special cases, eg:

• if the apartment is located above the second floor, and industrial climbers need to be involved for outdoor insulation;
• in new buildings, if it is not possible to rent facade decoration and make external thermal insulation;
• if the insulation of the facade violates the architectural ensemble.

Ways to insulate walls from the inside:

• on the frame;
• on the glue.

The first method does not require careful alignment of the bearing surface. In addition, it is very easy to fix the facing material to the frame, so if it is planned to build walls from drywall after insulation, then the crate does not need to be mounted. If, after insulation, it is planned to plaster the surface, then the need for a frame disappears. In any case, the method of fastening the material directly depends on the further decoration of the walls.

Insulation on the frame

Like a wall from inside a room on a frame? This thermal insulation of walls from the inside is a laborious process, but more reliable. Thanks to the frame, the brittle material is not subjected to mechanical stress, this is especially true if foam is chosen as a heat-insulating material.

The wall does not need to be leveled, but before installation it is worthwhile to clean the surface of plaster, if it has peeled off, dirt, dust and cover it with an antiseptic compound.

The frame is constructed with aluminum profiles or bars. Fastening is done on dowels or on self-tapping screws - depending on the material from which the base is made. The step of the racks should be equal to the width of the material, for example, if a soft insulation is chosen for the walls inside the walls, then the distance is reduced by two centimeters, when using foam or polystyrene, exactly 60 cm.

If a decision is made to use wooden elements as racks, then they should be treated with impregnation, which will prevent rotting and the formation of fungus.

As soon as the frame is ready, a heat insulator is placed in the gaps, and all the seams between the material are sealed with polyurethane foam. After the foam dries, it is trimmed flush. After that, you can proceed with the final finishing.

Thermal insulation of walls inside the room on the frame is made with the following materials:

• glass wool;
• basalt insulation;
• styrofoam;
• wood fiber.

Any of the above materials can be mounted using a crate on the walls, except for foil insulation.

Installation of insulation on glue

This type of installation requires careful preparation of the plane of the walls before insulating.

They are cleaned of dust and dirt, degreased. Further work proceeds according to the following algorithm:

• after cleaning, the walls must be leveled and repaired. Cracks are putty, large protrusions are knocked down, and the depressions are sealed with mortar;
• all surfaces are treated with an antiseptic or antimicrobial primer;
• the soil is applied in two layers;
• after drying, you can start installing the plates on the glue, it is applied to the wall and to the material with a notched trowel;
• the glue will dry for 2-3 days;
• as soon as the surface dries out, additional fixation with umbrella dowels is required.

Do not forget that the installation of layers of material is performed with an offset. In this case, it is imperative to waterproof the base surface and vapor barrier the insulation itself after installation.

Arrangement of insulation for glue has its own limitations, since only dense pits are used for this, for example:

• styrofoam;
• wood fiber;
• penoplex;
• forged insulation.

As soon as all the activities for the installation of the heat insulator are completed, they begin finishing.

Top coat

Usually, when installing heat-saving plates on glue, they are plastered, using a forming mesh for a gypsum composition, and fiberglass for a putty. These measures will prevent the topcoat from cracking.

After all the plastering and puttying work is over, and the walls are dry, we clean the surface with an abrasive mesh of a fine fraction and paint it with a water emulsion of the desired shade.