The frequency of testing the pump for leaks Mon 40. Testing the fire pump for performance. Fire safety standards
A pump is a device that converts mechanical energy engine into energy, which facilitates the pumping of liquids, gases, as well as liquids with solids. In machines that are involved in extinguishing fires, mechanical centrifugal fire pumps, in them the energy of the liquid (or liquefied gas) is converted into mechanical energy.
All pumps are divided into three types, depending on what force they use to pump liquid (gas, liquids with solids):
- volumetric force;
- viscosity (fluid friction);
- flat or two-dimensional pressure (surface).
The first two types, in turn, are combined into a general group and refer to dynamic pumps. And those that work with surface pressure refer to positive displacement pumps. The main feature of pumps for fire-fighting vehicles is that they are driven by an internal combustion engine, this should be taken into account when making such devices.
Requirements to be met fire pumps.
- Reliability. Since in the event of a fire, human lives depend on the pumping unit.
- Convenience. The pump could be operated simply and conveniently.
- Automation. If possible fire pump operation automated.
- Silence. Noise emissions as well as vibration should be minimized.
Fire pump device
Design fire pump consists of the main array of the device, the impeller, the shaft, and the device is equipped with devices for fluid supply and its output. The impeller consists of two discs, there are blades between the discs. They are made with bends in the direction opposite to the rotation of the impeller.
Beginning in 1983, the wheels began to be manufactured with cylindrical blades, which increased the head and pump flow up to 30%. And also retained the efficiency. Prior to this 83rd, the blades had a dual bend, which maintained high cavitation and minimized hydraulic resistance. But such wheel blades caused difficulties in the manufacturing process, so they were abandoned. Next, consider some types centrifugal fire pumps.
PN-40 (PN-40UA)
Fire pumpPN-40UA began to be produced at the very beginning of the eighties as an analogue of the pump PN-40U... This is a high-quality fire-fighting, unified pump, which received good marks when applied in business. Pump housing PN-40UA Unlike PN-40U divided into two parts, it became much more convenient to repair it. Also, the UA model has an oil bath, which is located at the back and is removed if necessary.
In the new PN-40UA implemented innovative method fixing the wheel on two keys, and not on one as it was in PN-40U... Because of this, the mount has become more reliable. Updated PN-40UA designed for the vast majority of equipment that is involved in extinguishing fires, and stand on the chassis of GAZ, URAL and ZIL.
Oil is added through a special technological hole, which is tightly closed with a lid, the capacity of the bath is half a liter. At the bottom of the oil bath there is an oil drain hole, also provided with a closing lid. In order to drain the water, you just need to turn the tap at the bottom of the pump. The tap lever is lengthened for comfortable use.
PN-60
Externally, this pump repeats the shape of the model PN-40, and is not particularly distinguished by the new design. If the pump needs to be driven from an open source of water, then a small piece of pipe with two outlets is put on the suction part of the pump, which allows you to put on sleeves with a diameter of no more than 12.5 centimeters. To drain the water, you must open the tap at the bottom of the pump, which is directed clearly downward. And in the PN-40UA model, this tap is on the side.
PN-110
The fire pump, operating at normal pressure, has one stage and spiral-shaped outlets. This model has a similarity to a pump PN-40, namely, the main working details are similar. PN-110 differs in the size of the suction pipes, it is 20 centimeters, as well as the diameter of the pressure pipe sections, which are 10 centimeters.
Combined pumps for fire fighting equipment.
Such pumps include those models that, due to their technical characteristics, are able to pump liquids under high and medium (normal) pressure. Under the Soviet Union, by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, a series of pumps was thought out, manufactured and produced PNK-40/2that were self-priming and combined. The vortex stage sucked and pumped water when the pressure was high, and at normal water pressure, this was done by the impeller.
The basic principles of fire pumps
All pumps that are used in any technique for extinguishing fires are serviced and operated in accordance with instructions, passports, manuals and documents specialized in this area. Scheduled and non-scheduled maintenance also takes place in accordance with the above documents. When new cars arrive, it is very important to make sure that the seals on all pumps are intact. And also before putting fire fighting equipment on alert, it is important to test the pumps in active work with open water sources. When testing, the immersion depth of the hoses for water intake should be no more than 150 cm.A pair of hoses 20 meters long and 6.6 cm in diameter pass from the pumping unit.Water is pumped through RS-70 fire nozzles, which creates a directed continuous stream, their diameter 1.9cm. When testing the pump, the water pressure should not exceed 50m., And the time is more than 10 hours.
If the pump is tested near a reservoir, and the water intake is from an open area, the trunks and water pressure must not be directed into the reservoir. Small bubbles that are formed from the pressure when it enters the pump will slow down its operation, both the pressure of water and its supply.
If the pump has succumbed to repair, it also requires testing within 5 hours; when the pump is overhauled, the run-in takes 10 hours.
Fire pump check
Connect the pump installed on the fire fighting vehicle to an open source of water. Operate the pump and pump water under the condition that the valves are fully open. Using the readings of pressure measuring instruments, find out the level of pressure that the pump creates. To make a comparative assessment of the obtained head value with the standard value, under the conditions that the shaft rotation speed was nominal.
According to the technical specifications, the decrease in water pressure in the pump in relation to the nominal value should not be more than fifteen percent.
Fire pump malfunctions and repair methods
1. The pump does not pump.
Cause: It is possible that the pump is eating air that has filled the space. You will need to pump the water again using the vacuum system.
2. The pump reduces water supply or stops altogether, provided that it starts to supply water normally.
- there is no density in the line that sucks in water (check for damage on the line and eliminate);
- contamination of the mesh at the end of the line (remove and clean the mesh from dirt);
- insufficient depth of water intake (lower the grid by 60 cm).
3. The manovacuum meter does not work despite the fact that the pump is working (it is not allowed to disassemble and repair it)
4. In working condition, the device emits loud sounds, and also vibrates noticeably:
- fastening bolts are not tightened (check and tighten);
- severe wear of the assembly unit (replace bearings);
- the shaft journals are out of order (if possible, repair or replace with a new one);
- collapsed impeller (disassemble, remove the faulty one and replace with a new one).
5. The pump does not work due to dirty channels. It is necessary to thoroughly clean the channels of the wheel.
6. Do not turn the shaft, provided that other parts are in good working order.
- in summer, possible contamination of the shaft with sand, mule or dust (disassemble and clean);
- in winter, it happens that the impeller freezes (warm up the pump with hot water or air flow).
7. Wear of cuffs, if water oozes from the drain (if possible, repair or replace with new ones).
8. Water overflow into the oil container:
- the drainage hole is dirty (check and clean);
- replace worn cuffs (disassemble and replace).
9. Oil appears from the drainage hole (replace worn cuffs).
Article sent by: NitroSam
After the complete end of all installation works, installation of the necessary instrumentation, automation, lubrication systems, ventilation devices and the floor of the upper covering, proceed to trial start-up and testing of the pump unit.
Before starting, an audit is made of the tightening of fastening bolts, threaded connections and oil seals. Check the lubrication in the system and remove dirt deposits and dust with compressed air. Clean fresh oil is poured into the crankcase, couplings and gearbox. The clutch is manually scrolled, while controlling the smoothness of rotation and the absence of jerks. If the unit is designed to supply hot substances, then it is necessary to warm up the pump before starting with steam with a temperature of at least 40 ° C from the pumped liquid. The gate valve located on the pressure pipeline regulates the capacity and fluid pressure of the unit. The first start-up of the pump must be carried out at low load.
Start-up sequence centrifugal pumps, the following:
- Close all existing valves and taps on all pipelines and instrumentation, except for the valve on the suction pipeline, which can be maximally closed by 80%;
- Open the taps to the cooler, oil seals and bearings to supply lubricant to them;
- Open the air outlet cock. Fill the pump and the suction pipeline with working fluid;
- Close the air outlet valve. If there is a bypass, open it;
- Start the engine and open the pressure gauge taps;
ATTENTION! It is forbidden to start pumps with the cooling system off and not filled with working fluid. It is forbidden to operate the pump for more than 2-3 minutes with a closed valve of the discharge pipeline.
- When the required shaft speed and the nominal pressure on the discharge pipeline are reached, open the valve of the discharge pipeline. It must be opened gradually in order to minimize the passage of fluid, thereby avoiding overheating of the engine and pump. If there is a bypass, then it is closed;
- Controlling the uniform increase in the load on the engine by instrumentation, open the valve on the pressure pipeline to the operating value.
ATTENTION! If an overload occurs, immediately turn off the unit, identify and eliminate the causes of the malfunction.
- To stop, slowly shut off the valve on the suction pipeline, then on the pressure head and turn off the electric motor.
In the process of work, it is necessary to control the readings of the instrumentation. Resistance in the flow line, due to a not fully open valve or blockage, can lead to an increase in pressure.
Uniform oscillation of the instrumentation arrows, except for the voltmeter, indicates normal operation. In the case of air leaks in the system, there are sharp jumps in the instrument arrows. In this case, it is necessary to check the tightness of the connections.
Malfunctions in the pump, as a rule, entail an increase in the current drawn by the motor.
In case of knocking and overheating of the pump, it is necessary to stop the unit, identify and eliminate the malfunctions.
During a trial run, the test must be controlled:
- Noises and knocks;
- Working fluid leaks;
- Coolant and lubricant leaks;
- Bearing lubrication and temperature;
- Oil temperature should be no more than 60 ° C;
- The temperature of rubbing parts and bearings should not exceed 65 ° C.
The test is considered to be successfully completed if the pumping unit has worked smoothly and steadily for 2 hours. Further industrial tests are carried out for 4 hours at full working load.
Voted by: 4 people
METHODOLOGICAL PLAN
conducting trainings with a group of fire brigade on duty 52 on Fire Engineering.
Topic: "Fire pumps". Lesson type: class-group. Allotted time: 90 minutes.
The purpose of the lesson: consolidation and improvement of personal knowledge on the topic: "Fire pumps".
1.Literature used during the lesson:
Textbook: "Fire fighting equipment" VV Terebnev. Book number 1.
Order No. 630.
Definition and classification of pumps.
Pumps are machines that convert the input energy into mechanical energy of the pumped liquid or gas. Pumps are used in fire fighting equipment of various kinds (Fig. 4.6.) Mechanical pumps are most widely used, in which the mechanical energy of a solid, liquid or gas is converted into mechanical energy of a liquid.
According to the principle of operation, pumps are classified depending on the nature of the prevailing forces, under the influence of which the pumped medium moves in the pump.
There are three such forces:
mass force (inertia), fluid friction (viscosity) and surface pressure force.
Pumps in which the action of mass forces and fluid friction (or both) prevails, are combined into a group of dynamic pumps, in which the forces of surface pressure predominate, constitute a group of positive displacement pumps. Requirements for pumping installations of fire trucks.
Fire engine pumps are powered by internal combustion engines - this is one of the main technical featureswhich must be taken into account when designing and operating pumps. The following basic requirements are imposed on pumping units.
The pumps of fire trucks must be operated from open water sources, therefore, no cavitation phenomena should be observed at the control suction height. In our country, the reference suction height is 3 ... 3.5 m, in Western Europe - 1.5.
The pressure characteristic Q - H for fire pumps must be flat, otherwise when the taps on the shafts are closed (decrease in flow), the pressure on the pump and in the hose lines will sharply increase, which can lead to rupture of the hoses. With a flat pressure characteristic, it is easier to control the pump with the gas handle and change the pump parameters if necessary.
In terms of energy parameters, fire engine pumps must correspond to the parameters of the engine from which they operate, otherwise the technical capabilities of the pumps will not be fully realized or the engine will operate in a mode of low efficiency and high specific fuel consumption.
Pumping installations of some fire-fighting vehicles (for example, airfield vehicles) must be operated on the move when water is supplied from fire monitors. The vacuum systems of the pumps of fire trucks must provide water intake for the control time (40 ... 50 s) from the maximum possible suction depth (7 ... 7.5 m).
Stationary foam mixers on pumps of fire trucks must, within the established limits, dose the foam concentrate during the operation of foam barrels.
Pumping units of fire trucks must operate for a long time without derating with water supply at low and high temperatures.
Pumps should be as small and lightweight as possible for rational use the carrying capacity of the fire truck and its body.
Pumping unit control should be convenient, simple and, if possible, automated, with a low level of noise and vibration during operation. One of the important requirements for successful fire extinguishing is the reliability of the pumping unit.
The main structural elements centrifugal pumps are working bodies, housing, shaft bearings, seal.
Working bodies are impellers, inlets and outlets.
Pump impeller normal pressure made of two discs - leading and covering.
Blades are located between the discs, bent in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the wheel. Until 1983, the rotor blades had a double curvature, which ensured minimal hydraulic losses and high cavitation properties.
However, due to the fact that the manufacture of such wheels is laborious and they have significant roughness, impellers with a cylindrical blade shape are used in modern fire pumps (PN-40UB, PN-110B, 160.01.35, PNK-40/3). The angle of installation of the blades at the outlet of the impeller is increased to 65 ... 70 °, the blades are S-shaped in plan.
This made it possible to increase the pump head by 25 ... 30% and the flow by 25% while maintaining the cavitation qualities and efficiency at about the same level.
The pump weight is reduced by 10%.
During the operation of pumps, a hydrodynamic axial force acts on the impeller, which is directed axially towards the suction pipe and tends to displace the impeller along the axis, therefore an important element in the pump is the fastening of the impeller.
The axial force arises due to the pressure difference on the impeller, since a smaller pressure force acts on it from the side of the suction pipe than on the right.
The magnitude of the axial force is approximately determined by the formula
F \u003d 0.6 P? (R21 - R2b),
where F - axial force, N;
Р - pressure on the pump, N / m2 (Pa);
R1 is the radius of the inlet, m;
Rв - shaft radius, m.
To reduce the axial forces acting on the impeller, holes are drilled in the drive disc through which the liquid flows from the right to the left. In this case, the amount of leakage is equal to the leakage through the target seal behind the wheel, the efficiency of the pump decreases.
As the target seal elements wear out, fluid leakage will increase and pump efficiency will decrease.
In two- and multistage pumps, the impellers on the same shaft can be placed with the opposite direction of entry - this also compensates or reduces the action of axial forces.
In addition to axial forces, radial forces act on the impeller during pump operation. The diagram of the radial forces acting on the impeller of a pump with one outlet is shown in Fig. 4.21. The figure shows that an unevenly distributed load acts on the impeller and the pump shaft during rotation.
In modern fire pumps, the unloading of the shaft and impeller from the action of radial forces is carried out by changing the design of the branches.
Branches in most fire pumps are spiral type. The pump 160.01.35 (conditional grade) uses a blade-type outlet (guide vane), behind which an annular chamber is located. In this case, the action of radial forces on the impeller and the pump shaft is minimized. Spiral taps in fire pumps are made with one- (PN-40UA, PN-60) and two-coil (PN-110, MP-1600).
In fire pumps with a single-coil outlet, unloading from radial forces is not performed, it is perceived by the pump shaft and bearings. In double-coil bends, the effect of radial forces in the spiral bends is reduced and compensated.
Inlets in fire-fighting centrifugal pumps, as a rule, are axial, made in the form of a cylindrical tube. The pump 160.01.35 has an upstream auger. This improves the pump's cavitation properties.
The pump casing is a basic part; it is usually made of aluminum alloys.
The shape and design of the body depends on design features pump.
Shaft supports are used for built-in fire pumps. In most cases, shafts are mounted on two rolling bearings.
Design of centrifugal pumps. In our country, fire trucks are mainly equipped with normal pressure pumps of the PN-40, 60 and 110 type, the parameters of which are regulated by OST 22-929-76. In addition to these pumps for heavy-type airfield vehicles on the MAZ-543 chassis,
MAZ-7310 uses pumps 160.01.35 (according to the drawing number).
Of the combined pumps on fire trucks, a PNK 40/3 pump is used.
The pump is currently being developed and is being prepared for release. high pressure PNV 20/300.
Fire pump PN-40UA.
The PN-40UA unified fire pump has been mass-produced since the beginning of the 80s instead of the PN-40U pump and has proven itself well in practice.
Modernized pump PN-40UA unlike PN-40U, it has a removable oil bath located at the rear of the pump. This greatly facilitates the repair of the pump and the technology of manufacturing the housing (the housing is divided into two parts)
In addition, the pump PN-40UA used new way fastening the impeller on two keys (instead of one), which increased the reliability of this connection.
Pump PN-40UA
is unified for most fire trucks and is adapted for rear and middle positioning on the chassis of GAZ, ZIL, Ural vehicles.
Pump PN-40UA The pump consists of a pump body, a pressure header, a foam mixer (grade PS-5) and two valves. body 6, cover 2, shaft 8, impeller 5, bearings 7, 9, sealing cup 13, tachometer worm drive 10, cuff 12, flange coupling 11, screw 14, plastic packing 15, hose 16.
The impeller 5 is fixed to the shaft with two keys 1, a lock washer 4 and a nut 3.
The cover is fastened to the pump casing with studs and nuts; a rubber ring is installed to ensure the sealing of the connection.
Throat seals (front and rear) between the impeller and the pump casing are made in the form of sealing rings made of bronze (Br OCS 6-6-3) on the impeller (pressing) and cast iron rings in the pump casing.
The O-rings in the pump housing are secured with screws.
Sealing of the pump shaft is achieved by using plastic packing or frame rubber seals, which are placed in a special sealing cup. The bowl is bolted to the pump body through a rubber gasket.
The bolts are fixed with wire through special holes to prevent them from loosening.
When the PL-2 plastic packing is used in the shaft seal, it is possible to restore the seal of the unit without This is done by pressing the packing with a screw.
When using ASK-45 frame oil seals to seal the pump shaft and replacing them, it must be remembered that one of the four oil seals (the first to the impeller) works for vacuum and three for pressure. To distribute grease in the stuffing box, an oil distribution ring is provided, which is connected by channels with a hose and a grease fitting.
The drainage ring of the nozzle is connected by a channel with a drainage hole, the abundant leakage of water from which indicates wear of the oil seals.
The cavity in the pump casing between the sealing cup and the gland of the flange coupling serves as an oil bath for lubricating the bearings and the tachometer drive.
The capacity of the oil bath is 0.5 liters. Oil is poured through a special hole closed with a stopper. The drain hole with plug is located at the bottom of the oil sump housing.
Water from the pump is drained by opening the tap located at the bottom of the pump housing. For the convenience of opening and closing the tap, its handle is lengthened by a lever. On the diffuser of the pump casing there is a collector (aluminum alloy AL-9), to which a foam mixer and two valves are attached.
A pressure valve is mounted inside the collector to supply water to the tank (Fig. 4.26.). The manifold housing has holes for connecting a vacuum valve, a pipe to the coil of the additional engine cooling system, and a threaded hole for installing a pressure gauge.
The discharge valves are studded to the discharge manifold. Valve 1 is cast from gray cast iron (SCh 15-32) and has an eyelet for steel (StZ) axis 2, the ends of which are installed in the grooves of body 3 made of aluminum alloy AL-9. To the valve with screws and steel disc rubber pad attached. The valve closes the bore by its own weight.
The spindle 4 presses the valve against the seat or limits its stroke if it is opened by the pressure of water from a fire pump.
Fire pump PN-60
centrifugal normal pressure, single-stage, cantilever. Without guide vane.
The PN-60 pump is geometrically similar to the PN-40U pump model, therefore it does not differ structurally from it.
Pump casing 4, pump cover and impeller 5 are cast from cast iron. The liquid is removed from the wheel through a spiral single-coil chamber 3, ending with a diffuser 6.
The impeller 5 with an outer diameter of 360 mm is mounted on a shaft with a diameter of 38 mm at the landing site. The wheel is fastened using two diametrically located keys, a washer and a nut.
The pump shaft is sealed by frame oil seals of the ASK-50 type (50 - shaft diameter in mm). The oil seals are placed in a special glass. The oil seals are lubricated through an oiler.
For operation from an open water source, a water collector with two nozzles for suction hoses with a diameter of 125 mm is screwed onto the pump suction pipe.
The drain cock of the pump is located at the bottom of the pump and is directed vertically downward (in the PN-40UA pump on the side).
Fire pump PN-110
centrifugal normal pressure, single-stage, cantilever, without a guide vane with two volute branches and pressure valves on them.
The main working bodies of the PN-110 pump are also geometrically similar to the PN-40U pump.
The PN-110 pump has only some design differences, which are discussed below.
Pump casing 3, cover 2, impeller 4, suction nozzle 1 are made of cast iron (SCh 24-44).
The diameter of the impeller of the pump is 630 mm, the diameter of the shaft at the place of installation of the oil seals is 80 mm (oil seals ASK-80). The drain cock is located at the bottom of the pump and points vertically downward.
The diameter of the suction branch pipe is 200 mm, the diameter of the discharge branch pipe is 100 mm.
The pressure valves of the PN-110 pump have structural differences (Fig. 4.29).
In the body 7 there is a valve with a rubber gasket 4. In the cover of the body 8 there is a spindle with a thread 2 in the lower part and a handwheel
9. The spindle is sealed by gland packing 1, which is sealed with a union nut.
When the spindle rotates, the nut 3 moves progressively along the spindle. Two strips 6 are attached to the trunnions of the nut, which are connected to the axis of the valve 5 of the gate valve, therefore, when the handwheel rotates, the valve opens or closes.
Combined fire pumps.
Combined fire pumps include those that can supply water under normal (head up to 100) and high pressure (head up to 300 m or more).
In the 80s, VNIIPO of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR developed and manufactured an experimental series of self-priming combined pumps PNK-40/2 (Fig. 4.30.). The suction of water and its supply under high pressure is carried out by a vortex stage, and under normal pressure - by a centrifugal impeller. The vortex wheel and the normal stage impeller of the PNK-40/2 pump are located on the same shaft and in the same housing.
The Priluksky Design Bureau of Fire Fighting Vehicles has developed a combined fire pump PNK-40/3, a pilot batch of which is being tested in the garrisons of the fire brigade.
Pump PNK-40/3
consists of a normal pressure pump 1, which corresponds in design and dimensions to the PN-40UA pump; reducer 2, increasing speed (multiplier), high pressure pump (stage)
3. The high pressure pump has an open impeller. Water from the discharge manifold of the normal pressure pump is supplied through a special pipeline to the suction cavity of the high pressure pump and to the discharge pipes of normal pressure. From the discharge pipe of the high-pressure pump, water is supplied through hoses to special discharge nozzles to obtain a fine spray.
Technical specifications pump PNK-40/3
Normal pressure pump:
flow, l / s ............................................. ................................. 40
head, m ............................................... ..................................one hundred
pump shaft speed, rpm .............................. 2700
Efficiency ................................................. .............................................. 0.58
cavitation reserve ................................................ .................. 3
power consumption (at nominal mode), kW .... 67.7
High pressure pump (with sequential pump operation):
flow, l / s ............................................. ............................... 11.52
head, m ............................................... .................................. 325
rotation frequency, rpm ............................................ ...... 6120
General efficiency ................................................ ........................... 0.15
power consumption, kW ............................................ 67, 7
Combined operation of normal and high pressure pumps:
flow rate, l / s, pump:
normal pressure ................................................ ........ 15
high pressure................................................ .............. 1.6
head, m:
normal pressure pump .......................................... 95
common for two pumps .............................................. ...... 325
General efficiency ................................................ .................................. 0.27
Dimensions, mm:
length................................................. .................................. 600
width................................................. ............................... 350
height................................................. ................................ 650
Weight, kg ............................................... ....................................... 140
Basics of operating centrifugal pumps
Operation and maintenance of pumps for fire fighting vehicles is carried out in accordance with the "Manual for the operation of fire fighting equipment", manufacturer's instructions for fire trucks, passports for fire pumps and other regulatory documents.
When receiving fire trucks, it is necessary to check the safety of the seals on the pump compartment.
Before being put into a combat crew, it is necessary to run in the pumps when working on open water sources.
The geometric suction head during pump break-in must not exceed 1.5 m. The suction line must be laid on two hoses with a suction screen. Two pressure hose lines with a diameter of 66 mm should be laid from the pump, each for one hose 20 m long. Water is supplied through the RS-70 shafts with a nozzle diameter of 19 mm.
When running in, the pressure on the pump must be maintained no more than 50 m. Running in the pump is carried out within 10 hours. When running in the pumps and installing them on fire reservoirs, it is not allowed to direct the shafts and water jets into the reservoir.
Otherwise, small bubbles are formed in the water, which enter the pump through the mesh and the suction line and thereby contribute to the occurrence of cavitation. In addition, the parameters of the pump (head and flow) even without cavitation will be lower than in normal conditions work.
Running-in pumps after overhaul carried out also within 10 hours and in the same mode, after current repair - within 5 hours.
During running-in, it is necessary to monitor the readings of the instruments (tachometer, pressure gauge, vacuum gauge) and the temperature of the pump casing at the place where the bearings and oil seals are installed.
After every 1 hour of operation of the pump, it is necessary to turn the oiler to lubricate the oil seals by 2 ... 3 turns.
Before running in, the oiler must be filled with special grease, and the space between the front and rear bearings must be filled with transmission oil.
The purpose of running-in is not only running-in parts and elements of the transmission and fire pump, but also to check the pump's performance. If minor malfunctions are found during running-in, they should be eliminated, and then further running-in should be performed.
If defects are found during running-in or during the warranty period, it is necessary to draw up a complaint statement and present it to the supplier of the fire truck.
If within three days the representative of the plant did not arrive or notified by telegram about the impossibility of arriving, a unilateral complaint act is drawn up with the participation of a specialist of the uninterested party. It is forbidden to disassemble the pump or other units in which a defect is found until the arrival of a representative of the plant or notification of the receipt of a complaint by the plant.
The warranty period for fire engine pumps in accordance with OST 22-929-76 is set at 18 months from the date of receipt. The service life of the PN-40UA pump before the first overhaul according to the passport is 950 hours.
Running-in pumps should end with a test for head and flow at the rated speed of the pump shaft. It is convenient to carry out the test at special stands of the PA technical diagnostics station in the units (units) of the technical service.
If there are no such stands in the garrison of the fire department, then the test is carried out in the fire department.
In accordance with OST 22-929-76, the reduction of the pump head at the rated flow and the impeller speed should not be more than 5% of the rated value for new pumps.
The results of running in the pump and its tests are recorded in the fire truck record.
After running-in and testing the fire pump, maintenance No. 1 of the pump should be performed. Particular attention must be paid to work on changing the oil in the pump casing and checking the impeller attachment.
Every day, when changing the guard, the driver must check:
- cleanliness, serviceability and completeness of components and assemblies of the pump and its communications by external inspection, absence of foreign objects in the suction and pressure pipes of the pump;
-working of valves on the pressure header and water-foam communications;
-presence of grease in the stuffing box oiler and oil in the pump housing;
- lack of water in the pump;
- serviceability of control devices on the pump;
- illumination in the vacuum valve, a lamp in the pump compartment lighting plafond;
- pump and water-foam communications for “dry vacuum”.
To lubricate the oil seals, the grease can be filled with greases such as solidol-C or pressolidol-C, TsIATI-201. To lubricate the ball bearings of the pump, general-purpose gear oils of the type: TAp-15 V, TSp-14 are poured into the housing.
The oil level must match the mark on the dipstick.
When checking the pump for “dry vacuum”, it is necessary to close all the valves and valves on the pump, turn on the engine and create a vacuum in the pump using the vacuum system 73 ... 36 kPa (0.73 ... 0.76 kgf / cm2).
The drop in vacuum in the pump should be no more than 13 kPa (0.13 kgf / cm2) in 2.5 minutes.
If the pump does not withstand the vacuum test, it is necessary to pressurize the pump with air under a pressure of 200 ... 300 kPa (2 ... 3 kgf / cm2) or water under a pressure of 1200 ... 1300 kPa (12 ... 13 kgf / cm2 ). It is advisable to moisten the joints with soapy water before pressing.
To measure the vacuum in the pump, it is necessary to use an attached vacuum gauge with a connection head or a thread to be installed on the suction pipe of the pump or a vacuum gauge installed on the pump. In this case, a plug is installed on the suction pipe.
When servicing pumps in a fire or exercise, you must:
put the machine on a water source so that the suction line is, if possible, by 1 sleeve, the bend of the sleeve is smoothly directed downward and starts directly behind the suction pipe of the pump (Fig. 4.32.);
to turn on the pump when the engine is running, it is necessary, after squeezing the clutch, to turn on the power take-off in the driver's cab, and then turn off the clutch with the handle in the pump compartment;
* immerse the suction mesh in water to a depth of at least 600 mm, make sure that the intake mesh does not touch the bottom of the reservoir;
* check before water intake the closure of all valves and taps on the pump and water-foam communications;
* take water from the reservoir by turning on the vacuum system, for which perform the following work:
- turn on the backlight, turn the handle of the vacuum valve;
- turn on the gas-jet vacuum apparatus;
-increase the rotation frequency with the "Gas" lever;
- when water appears in the sight glass of the vacuum valve, close it by turning the handle;
- reduce the rotation frequency with the “Gas” lever to idle;
- smoothly engage the clutch with a lever in the pump compartment;
- turn off the vacuum apparatus;
-increase the pressure on the pump (according to the pressure gauge) up to 30 m with the “Gas” lever;
- smoothly open the pressure valves, use the “Gas” lever to set the required pressure on the pump;
- monitor the readings of devices and possible malfunctions;
- when working from fire reservoirs, pay special attention to monitoring the water level in the reservoir and the position of the suction grid;
- every hour of pump operation, lubricate the oil seals by turning the oiler cover 2 ... 3 turns;
- after feeding the foam using a foam mixer, rinse the pump and communications with water from a tank or a water source;
- it is recommended to fill the tank with water after a fire from the used water source only if there is confidence that the water has no impurities;
- after work, drain the water from the pump, close the valves, install plugs on the pipes.
When using pumps in winter, it is necessary to provide measures against freezing of water in the pump and in the pressure fire hoses:
- at temperatures below 0 ° С, turn on the heating system of the pump compartment and turn off the additional engine cooling system;
- in case of short-term interruption of the water supply, do not turn off the pump drive, keep low speed on the pump;
- when the pump is running, close the pump compartment door and watch the control devices through the window;
- to prevent freezing of water in the sleeves, do not completely overlap the trunks;
- to disassemble hose lines from the barrel to the pump, without interrupting the water supply (in small quantities);
- when the pump stops for a long time, drain the water from it;
- before using the pump in winter after a long stay, turn the engine shaft and transmission onto the pump with the crank, making sure that the impeller is not frozen;
- water frozen in the pump, in the hose line connections with hot water, steam (from special equipment) or exhaust gases from the engine.
Maintenance No. 1 (TO-1) for a fire engine is carried out after 1000 km of the total mileage (taking into account the given one), but at least once a month.
Daily maintenance is carried out on the fire pump in front of TO-1. TO-1 includes:
- checking the pump attachment to the frame;
-checking threaded connections;
-check serviceability (if necessary, disassembly, lubrication and minor repairs or replacement) of cranes, valves, control devices;
- incomplete disassembly of the pump (removal of the cover), check of the fastening of the impeller, keyed connection, elimination of clogging of the flow channels of the impeller;
- oil change and filling of the stuffing box oiler;
- checking the pump for "dry vacuum";
- testing of the pump for the intake and supply of water from an open water source.
Maintenance No. 2 (TO-2) for a fire engine is carried out every 5000 km of the total mileage, but at least once a year.
TO-2, as a rule, is performed in units (units) of the technical service at special posts. Before carrying out TO-2, the car, including the pumping unit, is diagnosed at special stands.
TO-2 includes performing the same operations as TO-1, and, in addition, provides for checking:
- the correctness of the readings of control devices or their certification in special institutions;
- the pump head and flow at the rated speed of the pump shaft at a special stand of the technical diagnostics station or according to a simplified method with installation on an open water source and using pump control devices.
The flow rate of the pump is measured by the water meter shafts or estimated approximately by the diameter of the nozzles on the shafts and the pressure on the pump.
The drop in pump head must be no more than 15% of the nominal value at the nominal flow and shaft speed;
-the tightness of the pump and water-foam communications on a special stand with subsequent troubleshooting.
Fire engine pumps and motor pumps are tested at each maintenance N 2 (after running 5000 km, but at least once a year) according to the methodology described in the Manual on the technical service of the GPS. The test shall meet the following conditions:
before starting the tests, it is necessary to check that the installation of the pumps and the installation of pipelines were carried out in accordance with the requirements of the accompanying technical documentation for the fire truck;
valves, latches, drain taps for water-foam communications of a fire engine must be in good condition, easy to close and open. The serviceability of the pump seal lubrication system is checked. Leaks in the joints and controls are not allowed;
the rotational speed of the pump shaft of fire trucks should not exceed the nominal (specified in the technical documentation) by more than 5%;
the back pressure in the suction nozzle of the pumps should not exceed 4.0 kg s / cm2 (0.4 MPa), and for pumps with a shaft seal with a plastic packing 8.0 kg s / cm2 (0.8 MPa);
the pressure at the outlet of the pump of a fire truck should not be more than 11.0 kgf / cm2 (1.1 MPa);
tightness with a rotating impeller is checked by hydraulic pressure generated by the pump itself at rated speed;
fire engine pumps and motor pumps should be started with fully closed valves on the pressure nozzles;
the pumps of fire engines equipped with a gas-jet vacuum system are started only after the appearance of water in the vacuum valve;
if a malfunction is detected during the testing period, the fire engine pump is immediately turned off. Further tests are carried out after troubleshooting.
Fire nozzles, fire columns, forks, adapters, water collectors, etc.
The strength and tightness of the bodies of the said equipment must be ensured at a hydraulic pressure 1.5 times higher than the working pressure, and the tightness of the joints at the working pressure. At the same time, the appearance of traces of water in the form of drops on the outer surfaces of parts and at the joints is not allowed.
The frequency of such tests is carried out once a year.
Respiratory and vision personal protective equipment
RPEs are tested (checked) within the time frame according to the methodology established by the Manual on the gas and smoke protection service of the State Fire Service.
Firefighter protective suits
Firefighting protective suits are tested (checked) within the time frame and according to the methodology established by the manufacturer and operating instructions.
Manual fire escapes
Manual fire escapes should be tested once a year and after each repair. Before using them in competitions, acts are presented on them. It is not allowed to use manual fire ladders that have malfunctions, damage to the main parts or have not passed the test.
In the test, the retractable ladder is placed on firm ground, extends to its full height and leans against the wall at an angle of 75 ° to the horizontal (2.8 m from wall to ladder shoes). In this position, each knee is loaded in the middle with a weight of 100 kg for 2 minutes. The rope must withstand a tension of 200 kg without deformation.
After the test, the retractable ladder should not be damaged, the knees should extend and fall without jamming.
The peculiarities of admission of manual fire ladders to the competition according to the PSP are stipulated by the Rules for the competition on the PSP.
During the test, the assault ladder is suspended freely by the end of the hook and each bowstring at the level of 2 steps from the bottom is loaded with a load of 80 kg (total 160 kg) for 2 minutes. After the test, the assault ladder should be free of cracks and permanent deformation of the hook.
During the test, the stick ladder is placed on a solid ground, leaned at an angle of 75 ° to the horizontal and loaded in the middle with a load of 120 kg for 2 minutes. After removing the load, the stick ladder should not have any damage, it should fold easily and tightly.
A dynamometer may be used instead of hanging a load to test manual fire ladders.
Pumps of fire trucks and motor pumps are tested at each maintenance N 2 (after a run of 5000 km, but at least once a year) according to the method described in the Manual on the technical service of the GPS. The test shall meet the following conditions:
before starting the tests, it is necessary to check that the installation of the pumps and the installation of pipelines were carried out in accordance with the requirements of the accompanying technical documentation for the fire truck;
valves, latches, drain taps for water-foam communications of a fire engine must be in good condition, easy to close and open. The serviceability of the pump seal lubrication system is checked. Leaks in the joints and controls are not allowed;
the rotational speed of the pump shaft of fire trucks should not exceed the nominal (specified in the technical documentation) by more than 5%;
the back pressure in the suction nozzle of the pumps should not exceed 4.0 kg s / cm2 (0.4 MPa), and for pumps with a shaft seal with a plastic packing 8.0 kg s / cm2 (0.8 MPa);
the pressure at the outlet of the pump of a fire truck should not be more than 11.0 kgf / cm2 (1.1 MPa);
tightness with a rotating impeller is checked by hydraulic pressure generated by the pump itself at rated speed;
fire engine pumps and motor pumps should be started with fully closed valves on the pressure nozzles;
the pumps of fire engines equipped with a gas-jet vacuum system are started only after water appears in the vacuum valve;
if a malfunction is detected during the testing period, the fire engine pump is immediately turned off. Further tests are carried out after troubleshooting.
Fire nozzles, fire columns, forks, adapters, water collectors, etc.
The strength and tightness of the housings of the specified equipment must be ensured at a hydraulic pressure 1.5 times higher than the working pressure, the tightness of the joints at the working pressure. At the same time, the appearance of traces of water in the form of drops on the outer surfaces of parts and at the joints is not allowed.
The frequency of such tests is carried out once a year.
Respiratory and vision personal protective equipment
RPEs are tested (checked) in time according to the methodology established by the Manual on the gas and smoke protection service of the State Fire Service.
Firefighter protective suits
Firefighting protective suits are tested (checked) within the time frame and according to the methodology established by the manufacturer and operating instructions.
Manual fire escapes
Manual fire escapes should be tested once a year and after each repair. Before using them in competitions, acts are presented on them. It is not allowed to use manual fire ladders that have malfunctions, damage to the main parts or have not passed the test.
In the test, the retractable ladder is placed on firm ground, extends to its full height and leans against the wall at an angle of 75 ° to the horizontal (2.8 m from the wall to the ladder shoes). In this position, each knee is loaded in the middle with a weight of 100 kg for 2 minutes. The rope must withstand a tension of 200 kg without deformation.
After the test, the retractable ladder should not be damaged, the knees should extend and fall without jamming.
The peculiarities of admission of manual fire ladders to the competition according to the PSP are stipulated by the Rules for the competition on the PSP.
During the test, the assault ladder is suspended freely by the end of the hook and each bowstring at the level of 2 steps from the bottom is loaded with a load of 80 kg (total 160 kg) for 2 minutes. After the test, the assault ladder should be free of cracks and permanent deformation of the hook.
During the test, the stick ladder is placed on a solid ground, leaned at an angle of 75 ° to the horizontal and loaded in the middle with a load of 120 kg for 2 minutes. After removing the load, the stick ladder should not have any damage, it should fold easily and tightly.
A dynamometer may be used instead of hanging a load to test manual fire ladders.
