Probably, what this electronic device is intended for is not necessary to tell. Everything is clear to everyone. These devices are used by sappers, at airports, in special services, in various institutions, one way or another related to security. But that is not all.

Metal detector in the 90s

These devices in the 90s of the twentieth century helped people not to die of hunger. During that difficult time, it was often possible to see young people and not only who walked the streets with metal detectors. The device was used to search for metals and alloys. In particular, in cities near which large industries were located, it was possible with the help of it to unearth real wealth.

Basically, these guys made metal detectors with their own hands and looked for waste from metallurgical plants or native metals that remained in the bowels of the earth. The latter were used in the construction of routes. After all, many asphalt and unpaved roads were covered with slag, and often in its composition it was possible to find metal and an alloy of iron with manganese - ferromanganese. In the late 90s, it has already risen in price. One day of such work on city and country roads could earn as much as a factory worker earned in a week. Since many people were out of work, this activity became especially popular. After all, this alloy is one of the components for creating steels of various grades at all the same metallurgical plants.

Metal detectors today

Today the topic of seeking with the help electronic devices developed not so massively. However, these devices are still popular with certain groups of people. They roam the places of former glory of the valiant Soviet soldiers, trying to unearth something valuable from the objects of history. For example, you can find coins from the times of the Patriotic War, German of course. And some people manage to dig out really valuable things. You just need to know where to look.

What can you really find?

If you do not pick up the device yourself and walk along the roads of the city or along memorable and historical sites, you are unlikely to believe how many interesting objects the earth keeps. And for this it is worth building a metal detector with your own hands.

Coins

Often you can dig them up. In times Ancient Rus coins of the Arab East were used for trade. Then coins of Byzantine and Tatar production were used. Silver bullion is now found in the form of money.

Today in Crimea (and it is there that you can find well-preserved objects) you can see people with these devices.

Crosses, icons, serpentines

The cross in ancient Russia was worn by every self-respecting Christian. All crosses were different among themselves, depending on the type and its purpose. So-called vests can often be found.

Buckles, buttons, various household items

This group of items is very numerous. Most of them have been used since the Bronze Age and are still in use today. Often the items were made of bronze, copper or iron.

Echo of war

This is the most popular group of items that are purposefully searched for. They are especially popular with collectors. Enthusiasts are looking for, getting, restoring. Something ends up in museums, something settles on the hands.

How to make a metal detector with your own hands

In the era of the popularity of ferromanganese and high prices for it, grimy youth did not shy away from digging in the ground in order to earn some money. More often they purchased devices to search for their prey in numerous markets or from various specialists who, by chance, were fired from radio factories or TV repair shops. One way or another, these professionals assembled the metal detector with their own hands from the radio parts remaining in the stores using various schemes and technologies. The guys often argued over who had a better and more technological device. After all, then it was actually a working tool, and not a hobby device, as at the present time.

A metal detector with their own hands was also made by those who knew a little about electronics. But these guys weren't interested in digging up a metallurgical ingredient from the ground. But it looks like we've deviated from the topic.

Principle of operation

Before proceeding to the assembly of various circuits, you need to look at the principle of operation of these devices.

The operation of the metal detector is based on the principles of magnetic attraction. The device creates a magnetic field through one coil. The second receives feedback signals. Then, in case of a find, it sends a return signal through the sound signaling device. You can even make a special non-ferrous metal detector with your own hands.

Than large sizes coil, the more sensitive the device will have. Although in modern devices, especially in industrial models, the reel is small. But there are amplifiers on microcircuits.

Types

The ultra low frequency finder is the simplest device. Every student knows how to make a metal detector with his own hands using an ultra-low-frequency scheme. But this does not mean that such a seeker is ineffective. Just the opposite. With proper tuning, you can achieve good results.

The Pulse Finder is a deeper apparatus. With its help, you can easily find jewelry, coins and other small things at great depths. Such schemes are popular among professional treasure hunters.

The device, working on beats, allows you to detect in the bowels of the earth absolutely any object of metal or mineral at a depth of up to a meter. It is designed for certain types of alloys. It's a cheap machine to build.

The radio detector is able to find metals at a depth of up to a meter. It's easy to make. This is a suitable device for beginners, but not popular with diggers.

A primitive metal detector on one transistor

If you still have a long-wave radio receiver in working order at home, then even if you are poorly versed in electronics, you can assemble a metal detector attachment for this receiver.

To make a metal detector with your own hands, the diagram is drawn without much difficulty. The schematic is a very common LC oscillator rated for frequencies around 140 kHz. The coil for the device, which is used as an oscillatory circuit, must contain 16 turns of the simplest insulated wire up to 0.5 mm in diameter. Coils must be laid on plywood suitable sizes... Fix the resulting contour to the base with glue. This is how a coil for a metal detector is usually made by hand.

Required details

Absolutely any resistors and capacitors for this device can be used. As a transistor, a low-power high-frequency with reverse conduction will be sufficient. It can be the popular and readily available KT315. Or KT3102 with any letter index.

To assemble this simple metal detector with your own hands, the circuit is assembled either by hanging installation, or on a pre-prepared board from getinax or PCB.

Setting up a simple metal detector

After the part is ready, you need to place it next to our coil. The device should have a comfortable handle. The radio receiver must be fixed on the finder handle, and then tune it to a frequency around 140 kHz. You will hear a squeak or squeak. If you bring the coil closer to a metal object, the sound in the headphones will change its tone.

Despite the fact that by design and scheme these are the simplest metal detectors, it is elementary to make them with your own hands, the sensitivity of such devices makes it possible to work at depths of up to 200 mm.

High frequency finder

This assembly scheme is a little more complicated than the previous one. But it is also much more effective. Its difference is that there are two coils.

The first is the outer contour. In this coil, a direct magnetic field is generated. The second is the receiving circuit. This detail is designed to receive, process, amplify signals that come from the ground.

Making a deep metal detector with our own hands

First you need to assemble the so-called command block. To create it, fit old computer, the same old laptop or radio. Then you need to find the highest frequency in the AM range. You need to make sure that there is no radio station on the frequency.

Search head

To assemble the search head, you need to cut two circles from thin plywood. One of them should have a diameter of about 15 cm, the second should be made a little smaller. This is done so that the rings can be inserted into each other. Then you need to cut out small pieces of wood so that our head rings are parallel.

After that, 10-15 turns of enameled wire with a cross section of 0.25 mm from the outer circle should be removed from the plates. You also need to fix the resulting structure. For everything to work, you need to connect the head from the bottom, and the detector from the top.

It's time to turn on our frequency. A faint tonal sound will be heard. Better to use headphones.

Metal detector "Pirate"

Assembling the device is not difficult at all. The device diagram does not contain programmable microcircuits, just make and configure this metal detector with your own hands. Detailed instructions will help with this. Also, this diagram does not contain expensive or scarce parts. "Pirate" in its parameters can surpass foreign, rather expensive industrial analogues.

Options

For power supply, you will need from 9 to 12 V. The current that the device consumes is up to 40 mA. The sensitivity will be up to 150 cm in case of large metal objects.

How is the element base for a metal detector made?

The "Pirate" type scheme consists of two nodes. This is a transmitting circuit, which consists of a pulse generator on KR1006VI1 and a switch from an IRF740 transistor. The receiver is made on the basis of the K157UD2 microcircuit and the VS547 transistor.

The coil should be 190 mm in diameter. The number of turns on the PEV wire is 0.5 - 25. The transistor in the circuit can be pulled out from an ordinary economy light bulb or any charger for mobile phones. A properly assembled Pirate metal detector with your own hands practically does not need to be set up.

"Terminator"

The device has good capabilities. For example, a coin with a denomination of 5 Russian rubles will be detected by the device from 25 cm. The finder will recognize a German military helmet from 80 cm. These values \u200b\u200bare given under the condition of a coil with a diameter of 240 mm. The Terminator can recognize metals even at extreme working depths.

It is worth saying that beginners will hardly be able to assemble a metal detector with their own hands "Terminator". The device requires careful adjustment. Even experienced craftsmen sometimes make mistakes when assembling this circuit. The main thing here is not to rush.

In order to assemble the Terminator, you will need a multimeter, as well as an oscilloscope and an LC meter. They are not available to everyone. However, you can try to create a special software and hardware complex based on an ordinary home personal computer.

Description

The Terminator is a single tone device that operates on pulse beats. The finder is great for finding coins. Also, if you make minor adjustments, you can search for gold on the beaches, while completely ignoring any other metals. The Terminator is also suitable for finding any other objects from any alloy.

In conclusion

So, we figured out how to make a Pirate metal detector with our own hands, and also considered the Terminator. As you can see, having devoted the minimum amount of free time and effort to the assembly, you can get a rather interesting, and most importantly, a workable tool with which you can find ancient objects, and possibly expensive coins.

Finding artifacts underground is quite a popular activity. For some, this is a profession, others are simply fond of archeology. There are numerous groups of treasure hunters: both romantics and pragmatic value miners. All these people share one passion: searching for metal objects hidden at different depths.

If you have an accurate map indicating the burial place of the treasure, or plans for fighting during the war, this does not guarantee success. You can shovel tons of soil, and the object you are looking for will lie quietly a couple of meters from the place of active search.

To search for gold, and less valuable metals, you will need a DIY metal detector.

Important information: The use of such devices is not prohibited by law. However, there are penalties for the consequences of such a search regarding excavation, as well as the recovery of discovered items.

We will not go into subtleties, this is a topic for another article. Simply put: if you find a gold ring on the beach, or a handful of Soviet coins in the forest, there will be no problems associated with the use of electronic search tools.

But for the extracted bronze spoons aged 100 and older, you can get a real term or a large fine.

Nevertheless, devices for searching for metal objects in the thickness of the earth are freely sold, and those who want to save money can make a metal detector with their own hands at home.

How the device works

Unlike soil detectors, which work using waves of different frequencies or ultrasound, a metal detector (factory or self-made) works with inductance.

The coil emits an electromagnetic field, which is then analyzed by the receiver. If any object that conducts an electric current or has ferromagnetic properties is in the range of action, the field format is distorted. More precisely, under the action of the active field of the coil, the object forms its own. This event is recorded by the receiver, and an alert is generated: the instrument arrow moves, a tone signal sounds, the indicator lights turn on.

Knowing the method of work, you can calculate the electrical circuit and create a powerful metal detector with your own hands. The complexity of the design depends only on the availability of the element base and your desire. Let's consider several popular options for how to assemble a homemade metal detector:

The so-called "butterfly"

This nickname is derived from the characteristic shape of the platform on which the inductors are located.

The arrangement of the elements is related to the principle of operation. The circuit is made in the form of two generators operating at the same frequency. By connecting identical coils to them, an induction balance is created. As soon as a foreign object with electrical conductivity gets into the electromagnetic field, the field balance is destroyed.

The generators are implemented on NE555 microcircuits. The illustration shows a typical diagram of such a device.

A coil for a metal detector (there are two of them, in the diagram: L1 and L2) is made by hand from a wire with a cross section of 0.5–0.7 mm². Perfect option - transformer winding copper core in varnish insulation (removed from any unnecessary transformer). The characteristics do not have to be maintained with pinpoint accuracy, on one condition: the coils must be the same.

Approximate parameters: diameter 190 mm, each coil has exactly 30 turns. The assembled product must be monolithic. To do this, the turns are caught with a mounting thread, and filled with transformer varnish. If this is not done, the vibration of the turns will knock the circuit off the adjusted balance.

Electrical diagram

There are two manufacturing options:

• given the small number of elements, you can assemble it on a breadboard by connecting the legs of the parts using conductors;
• for accuracy and reliability, it is better to etch the board according to the proposed drawing.

Any soldering "on snot" can fail in the field, and you will be offended for the wasted time.

Just like a transistor metal detector, the NE555 needs fine tuning before use. The diagram shows three variable resistors:

• R1 is designed to tune the generator frequency and achieve the same balance;
• R2 roughly adjusts the sensitivity;
• using resistor R3, you can set the sensitivity with an accuracy of 1 cm.

Information: Such a scheme cannot discriminate against metals. The seeker only makes it clear that the object exists. And by the tone of the signal (based on your experience), you can determine the approximate volume and depth of occurrence.

The power supply is quite universal: 9–12 volts. You can pick up a battery from an uninterruptible power supply, or assemble a power supply from AAA batteries. A good option is 18650 batteries (they are also used for vaping).

Butterfly setting

The principle of operation is described above, so let's just analyze the technology. We expose all resistors to the middle position, and ensure the breakdown of the synchronization of the generators. To do this, fold the coils "eight", and move them relative to each other until the squeak develops into a crackle. This is the breakdown of synchronization.

We fix the rings, and rotate the resistor R1 until a steady crackling appears at regular intervals.

Bringing metal objects to the place where the coils overlap (this is the search points), achieve a steady squeak. The sensitivity is regulated by the resistor R2.

What remains is the trimming resistor R3, which is used rather to correct the voltage drop in the power supply.

Mechanical part

A rod for a metal detector with your own hands is made from a light plastic pipe or from wood. The use of aluminum is undesirable as it will interfere with operation. The circuit and controls can be hidden in a sealed housing (for example, a junction box for wiring).

The butterfly finder is ready to go.

Pirate

Another popular impulse model for novice treasure hunters is the Pirate metal detector. It is also easy to make with your own hands, detailed instructions in two versions:

It is desirable to bring the power supply closer to 12 volts, since the quality of work depends on the voltage. Printed circuit boards have already been tested, both options are shown.

The coil (in this case, one) is made of the same 0.5 mm transformer wire. The optimal diameter is 20 mm, the number of turns is 25. Since we make the Pirate metal detector with our own hands, the external design fades into the background. Any material you are willing to throw away will do.

The handle is better to be detachable, for ease of transportation. Remember that the use of metals is unacceptable.

The sensitivity is adjusted by two variable resistors in real time when searching. No fine tuning of the generator is required.

And if you manage to properly seal the body, you can start looking for "treasures" in the beach surf, and even at the bottom of the reservoir.

It is more difficult to make an underwater metal detector with your own hands, but it will give an undeniable advantage over competitors.

Improving performance

A do-it-yourself deep metal detector can be made from a ready-made "Pirate" without additional costs. To do this, you can go in two ways:

1. Increasing the diameter of the inductor. This significantly increases the downward permeability, but decreases the sensitivity to small objects.
2. Reducing the number of turns of the coil while adjusting the circuit. To do this, you will have to sacrifice one coil for experiments. We shoot (and cut off) loop by loop until we see that the sensitivity has begun to decrease. We remember the number of turns at maximum parameters, and we make a new coil for this circuit. Then we change the resistor R7 to a variable one, with similar power parameters. After conducting several experiments with sensitivity, we fix the resistance, change the variable to a constant resistor.

The Pirate metal detector can be assembled on the popular Arduino controller.

It is more convenient to use such a device, but there will still be no discrimination against metals.

Having figured out how to make a metal detector with your own hands for amateur tasks, we will briefly analyze several serious models.

DIY Clone PI W metal detector

In fact, this is a cheaper version of the professional Clone PI-AVR finder, only a line of LEDs is used instead of an LCD display. This is not so convenient, but it still allows you to control the depth of the artifacts.

The best option for the price is on the CD4066 microcircuit and the ATmega8 microcontroller.

Of course, there is also a PCB layout for this solution, only the control buttons are placed on a separate panel.

Programming ATmega8 is a topic for a separate article, if you have worked with such controllers, there will be no difficulties.

A powerful self-made Clone PI W metal detector allows you to find metal no more than a meter deep, though without discrimination.

Seeker "Chance"

A similar circuit on the ATmega8 controller is called "Chance". The principle of operation is similar, only the possibility of screening out (partial discrimination) of ferrous metals has appeared.

Also worked out a drawing of a printed circuit board, which can be successfully replaced with a classic "breadboard" for Arduino

"Terminator 3" do it yourself

If you need a homemade metal detector with metal discrimination, check out this model. The scheme is quite complicated, but your efforts are paid off by the found coins, which may turn out to be gold.

The feature of the "Terminator" is the separation of the receiving and transmitting coils. A 200 mm ring is made to emit the signal. For it, 30 turns of wire are laid, then it is cut, as a result we get 2 half-coils with a total capacity of 60 turns (see the diagram).

The take-up coil is located inside, 48 turns with a diameter of 100 mm.

The tuning is carried out using an oscilloscope, after achieving optimal results in amplitude, the windings are fixed in the case by filling with epoxy resin.

Then an experienced practical setting of the discrimination switch is made. For this, real objects made of various metals are used, and their type is applied on the mode switch (after checking).

Radio amateurs are working on an improved version of "Terminator 4", but there is no practical example yet.

Simple metal detectors from off-the-shelf electrical appliances

Outcome

Regardless of the complexity of the circuit, making a homemade metal detector will require you enough time and effort. Therefore, out of curiosity, such devices are not made. But for professional use - this is a great alternative to factory copies.

Related Videos

This type of construction is intended for searching for coins. The assembly process is not complicated at all. However, experience in assembling such a tool is still required. The Terminator is capable of detecting an object even if the target is minimal.

To get started, you should prepare the necessary equipment, namely:

• multimeter that measures speed.
• LC meter.
• Oscilloscope.

Next, you need to find a diagram with a breakdown into nodes. Now you can make a printed circuit board, into which jumpers, resistors, panels for microcircuits and other parts should be soldered in order. The next step is to flush the board with alcohol. It is definitely worth checking for defects. Whether the board is in working order can be checked as follows:

1. Turn on the power.
2. Unscrew the sensitivity control until no sound is heard from the speaker.
3. Touch the sensor connector with your fingers.
4. When turned on, the LED should blink and then go out.

If all the actions have taken place, then everything has been done correctly. Now you can make a coil. It is necessary to prepare a winding enamel wire 0.4 mm in diameter, which must be folded in half. A circle is drawn on a sheet of plywood with a diameter of 200 mm and 100 mm. Now you need to drive nails in a circle, the distance between them should be 1 cm.

Then you can go to winding turns. At 200 mm, they should be made 30, and at 100 - 48. Then the first coil must be impregnated with varnish, when it dries, you can wrap it with thread. The thread can be removed, and by soldering the middle, you get a one-piece winding of 60 turns. After that, the coil must be wrapped with electrical tape rather tightly. A 1 cm foil is applied on top, this will be a screen, another electrical tape is wound on top of it. The ends should protrude outward.

On the second coil, you also need to solder the middle. In order to start the generator, the first coil must be connected to the board. The second coil should be wrapped with a wire of 20 turns, then we connect it to the board. Now you need to connect the oscilloscope minus to minus to the board, and the plus is connected to the coil. Be sure to see what frequency will be when you turn it on and remember it or fix it on paper.

Now the coils must be put in a special mold, so that they can then be filled with resin. Next, the oscilloscope is connected to the board, with a minus pole, the amplitude should reach zero. The coils in the mold are poured with resin about half the depth. When everything is ready, the metal discrimination scale is adjusted.

Parts list for metal detector terminator 3

As parts for the metal detector, the trio will need:

If you have these parts, you can assemble the metal detector terminator by yourself.

Metal detector circuit with metal discrimination

A metal detector with metal discrimination with your own hands can be made using the circuit for the Chance impulse device. The coil making process is pretty simple.

The circuit itself can be found on the Internet. But still, experience in assembling such devices will be useful. The assembly of the metal detector should be started from the board.

After the board is made, the microcontroller must be flashed. And at the end of the work, we connect the metal detection device to the power supply.

DIY metal detector without microcircuits

Homemade equipment can be made without complex microcircuits, but using a simple transistor generator. The metal detector will be without discrimination. He will find objects in the ground 20 centimeters deep, and in dry sand - 30 centimeters. In this machine, the transmit and receive coils operate simultaneously.

Metal detector coil terminator 3

First you should take a winding enamel with a diameter of 0.4 mm. Fold it so that there are two ends and two beginnings. Next, it is worth winding from two coils at a time.

Now you need to make the transmitting and receiving coils, for this, two circles 200 mm and 100 mm are drawn on a plywood sheet. Studs are driven in according to these circles, the distance between them should be 1 cm. 30 turns are wound on a large mandrel with an enamel wire. Then you should apply varnish to the coil and wrap it with a thread, then remove it from the winding and solder the middle. This is how one middle wire and two extreme wires are obtained.

The resulting coil should be wrapped with electrical tape and put on top of a piece of foil, and once again on top of the foil. The ends of the windings should protrude outward.

Now it's worth moving on to the take-up coil. 48 turns are already being wound here. To start the generator, you need to connect the transmitting coil to the board. The middle wire is connected to minus. And on the receiving coil, the middle terminal is not used. For the transmitting coil, a compensating coil is needed, on which 20 turns are wound.

We connect the oscilloscope to the board as follows: a probe with a minus to a minus of the board, and a plus probe to the coil. Be sure to measure the frequency of the coils and write it down.

After connecting the coils according to the scheme, they must be placed in a special container and filled with resin. The division time is now set on the oscilloscope (10 ms and 1 volt per cell). The amplitude should now be reduced to zero. We wind the turns until the volt value reaches zero. We make a compensating loop on the outside of the coil.

The mold should be spilled halfway with resin. When everything is frozen, you need to connect the oscilloscope and bend the loop inward. Then twist it until the amplitude value becomes minimum. After that, you need to glue the loop, check the balance, and now you can pour resin on the second half of the container. The coil is now ready for use.

Metal detector coil repair

Before proceeding with the repair, the following tools should be prepared:

• Stationery knife;
• Incandescent lamp;
• Container for glue, preferably flat;
• Special or epoxy resin;
• Medium and fine emery;
• Small spatula.

First of all, you need to dry the coil with an incandescent lamp. And with the help of a clerical knife, expand the cracks on it. Squeeze the glue onto a flat surface and mix with a spatula. Apply this substance to the reel. More resin can be applied in cracked areas. Now it’s worth waiting for it all to solidify thoroughly. And then process with emery, using first medium and then fine. This procedure will help smooth out any irregularities. In this rather simple way, you can reanimate the oldest coil from a metal search device.

Parameters of metal detectors depending on the purpose and technical device

Metal detectors for hobbyists are the simplest devices of the dynamic type. The search head of the device must constantly move, only in this way the sought signal can appear. If you stop moving, the signal will disappear. Such simple detectors are convenient in that they do not require complex settings and allow to exclude medium grounds. Among the shortcomings, we have to note its weak sensitivity and frequent false alarms in difficult areas.

The scanning speed of the device is about 30 centimeters per second

Mid-range devices have the best sensitivity. In the factory configuration, there are several search heads for such a device. different sizes... Certain skills are required to set up the detector. Mid-range metal detectors are capable of detecting metals.

Computerized devices are already professional tool with a liquid crystal screen and pointer indication. The memory of his processor is loaded with programs capable of recognizing and distinguishing the signal, classifying each detected object. Professionals independently program devices for the search conditions, excluding unwanted responses.

Gold prospecting tools work not only on coins and jewelry in the ground, but also on native metal. It is not suitable for finding small particles like sand. He does not recognize them, especially if the soil has high mineralization.

Otherwise, these metal detectors are very sensitive and work great, for example, when looking for gold jewelry in the sand of a beach.

Depth detectors are sharpened for the search for objects located at an impressive depth. They can detect metal at a depth of 6 meters, while the rest of the models "pierce" only up to 3. Such devices recognize voids and other internal anomalies in the ground. Depth detectors work on two coils, one is parallel to the ground surface, the other is perpendicular.

Stationary detectors are frames installed at especially important guarded objects. They calculate any metal objects in bags and pockets of people passing through the circuit.

What types of metal detectors can you make at home with your own hands?

The detectors are divided into 5 main types according to the principle of detecting the desired object.

Let's consider which of the metal detectors are suitable for making with your own hands at home:

A type	Features:	Is it suitable for DIY making
Reception-transmission	Works with two induction coils. In the absence of the desired object, the signal does not pass into the receiving coil.	Yes
Induction	Combines the functions of both coils. The signal is constant, changing when detecting metal.	No, as a rule, difficulties arise with the selection of the effective signal.
Based on a frequency meter	The design of the device includes an LC generator that changes the frequency when metal objects are detected. Has a low sensitivity.	Yes
With Q-meter	Equipped with an LC generator signal analyzer. Works poorly at low temperatures.	Yes
Pulse	Based on the transmission of eddy pulse currents. The signal changes its character depending on the type of metal detected.	Yes

And now, in more detail about how to make a simple metal detector with your own hands, using the example of the Pirate design.

Homemade metal detector "Pirate": diagram and detailed assembly description

If you are just thinking about how to make a homemade metal detector, do not try to take up complex models... Start with a simple yet effective Pirate. The name was invented by the author of a homemade product from a combination of Pi (impulse) and Ra-t (radioscope). The name stuck, and the simple and clear assembly scheme was so fond of users that "Pirate" became one of the most popular homemade products in this area. Currently, there are already 4 modifications of the Pirate scheme. The metal detector is simply assembled by hand, without the use of any specific tools.

The only drawback of this device is that there is no scheme for working with metal discrimination in a hand-made metal detector. But for a novice treasure hunter, this is irrelevant.

In addition to the parts required for assembly, you will need a soldering iron, a screwdriver, and insulating tape for work.

Parts for assembling a metal detector

To manufacture the device, you will need to purchase:

• ceramic capacitor - 1 nF;
• 2 film capacitors - 100 nF;
• electrolyte capacitors: 10 μF (16 V) - 2 pieces, 2200 μF (16 V) - 1 piece, 1 μF (16 V) - 2 pieces, 220 μF (16 V) - 1 piece;
• resistors - 7 pieces per 1; 1.6; 47; 62; one hundred; 120; 470 kΩ and 6 pieces for 10, 100, 150, 220, 470, 390 ohms, 2 pieces for 2 ohms;
• variable resistors - 3 pieces for 10 and 100 kOhm, 400 Ohm (1W);
• transistors - 3 pieces, ВС557, IRF740, ВС547;
• 2 diodes 1N148;
• 2 microcircuits: K157UD2 and NE555.

In addition to the listed details, stock up on headphones from the player

You also need plastic pipe for a rod, batteries or accumulators for 9V and a PEV wire with a diameter of 0.8 mm.

For your information! Many are interested in how to make a metal detector from a phone with their own hands. Some developers even offer programs that you can download to your phone and use for this purpose. Serious radio amateurs can only advise you to use some spare parts - for example, a headphone input or a battery, perhaps a board for creating a microcircuit.

DIY metal detector circuits

The simplest Pirate scheme looks like this.

The board can be placed in a pocket receiver or any plastic box of a convenient size, even simple junction boxes from an electrician's arsenal are suitable.

An important point! To get rid of possible interference when touching the regulators of the device, all cases of variable resistors are connected to the minus of the board.

If you want to take your experiments further, here is a diagram for making a gold-based metal detector.

Scheme of the "Terminator 4" metal detector with increased sensitivity

If you have assembled the circuit correctly, the device will work properly. Possible problems with a microcircuit.

How to assemble a printed circuit board of a metal detector with your own hands

The PCB layout of the metal detector is pretty simple. It can be conditionally divided into several blocks:

• search coil assembly;
• transistor sound amplifier;
• pulse generator;
• amplifier is two-channel.

This is how it looks.

The pulse generator is assembled on the NE555 timer. Through the selection of C1 and 2 and R2 and 3, the frequency is adjusted. The pulses obtained as a result of scanning are transmitted to the transistor T1, and it transmits the signal to the transistor T2. Amplification of the audio frequency occurs on the BC547 transistor to the collector, and headphones are connected.

For your information! You can make a metal detector with your own hands without microcircuits. On the net you will find many analog circuits on transistor generators. Such devices will detect metal at a depth of 20 centimeters in the ground and up to 30 centimeters in loose sand.

How to make a coil for a metal detector with your own hands

The coil is an important part of the device. It can be made from copper wire or twisted pair. More details in our master class.

Copper wire coil

Illustration	Action Description
	Copper wire with a diameter of 0.5 mm is suitable for the coil.
	For winding, prepare such a board with guides. The distance between the guides should be equal to the diameter of the base on which you will mount the coil.
	Wrap the wire around the perimeter of the fasteners 20-30 turns.
	Secure the winding with duct tape in several places.
	Remove the wrapping from the base and shape it round.
	Find a base that will hold its shape. This could be a plastic bucket lid or a wooden craft hoop.
	Connect the circuit to the device and test its operation.
	When assembled, a coil of wire may look like this.
	To test the operation of the device, pass metal objects over the coil at different heights.

Twisted pair coil

Illustration	Action Description
	Roll the wire into two coils, as shown in the photo, leaving two ends about 10 centimeters each.
	Strip the winding and free the wires for connection.
	Connect the wires as shown in the diagram.
	For better contact, solder the ends of the wires.
	Test the coil in the same manner as for the copper wire coil.

Advice! If you want to make a more powerful coil for your metal detector yourself, give it an elliptical shape.

Detailed instructions for setting up a DIY metal detector "Pirate"

For final assembly you need a plastic pipe. The assembly diagram is simple. The sensitivity of the detector is adjusted using potentiometers. Achieve the result so that it recognizes the coin from a distance of 30 centimeters. He "hears" large metal deposits in a meter or a half. "Pirate" does not recognize non-ferrous metals under you or black, so here you just have to dig, and it is possible that you will stumble upon an old trough, and not on a coveted treasure. But in this case, you can take not in quality, but in quantity, because any metal can be handed over to a recycling center.

It is possible that you will be lucky, and all your efforts will not be in vain

How will the "Pirate" look like in the next video. It remains only to note that a construction kit for the manufacture of this device can be bought on the Internet. By the way, it comes with detailed instructions on how to make a metal detector yourself at home using the kit parts.

Features of deep metal detectors

A deep metal detector is attractive because it can detect objects where other devices are powerless. A good self-made deep metal detector looks at a depth of 6 meters, and it is not hindered by roots, voids or other obstacles. One caveat - with its help you can only detect large objects, and this is understandable, because for the sake of a couple of coins you will not dig a six-meter hole.

And again we return all to the same universal model of the Pirate detector. It turns out that a deep instrument can be made on its basis, and this is not difficult at all. The modification process is described in this video.

Instrumental search is extremely popular. Looking for adults and children, and amateurs and professionals. They are looking for treasures, coins, lost things and buried scrap metal. And the main search tool is a metal detector.

There is a great variety of different metal detectors, for every "taste and color". But for many people, buying a ready-made branded metal detector is simply financially costly. And someone wants to assemble a metal detector with their own hands, and someone even builds their own small business on assembling them.

Homemade metal detectors

In this section of our site about homemade metal detectors, I will collect: best schemes metal detectors, their descriptions, programs and other data for making a metal detector with your own hands. It does not wake up metal detector circuits from the USSR and circuits on two transistors. Since such metal detectors are only suitable for a visual demonstration of the principles of metal detection, they are not at all suitable for real use.

All metal detectors in this section will be quite technologically advanced. They will have good search performance. And a well-assembled homemade metal detector wakes up a little to yield to factory counterparts. Basically, there are various schemes impulse metal detectors and metal detector circuits with metal discrimination.

But to make these metal detectors, you need not only desire, but also certain skills and abilities. We tried to break down the schemes of the given metal detectors according to the level of complexity.

In addition to the basic data required for assembling a metal detector, there will also be information about the required minimum level of knowledge and equipment for making a metal detector on your own.

To assemble a metal detector with your own hands, you will definitely need:

This list will include necessary tools, materials and equipment for self assembly all metal detectors without exception. For many schemes, you will also need various additional equipment and materials, here is only the basic for all schemes.

1. Soldering iron, solder, tin and other soldering accessories.
2. Screwdrivers, pliers, wire cutters and other tools.
3. Materials and skills for manufacturing a printed circuit board.
4. Minimal experience and knowledge in electronics and electrical engineering as well.
5. And also straight arms - will be very useful when assembling a metal detector with your own hands.

Here you can find diagrams for self-assembly of the following metal detector models:

Design and principle of operation of the device

The metal detectors offered on the market work on different principles. Many believe that they use the principle of pulsed echo or radar. Their difference from locators lies in the fact that the transmitted and received signals operate constantly and simultaneously, in addition to everything else, they work at coinciding frequencies.

How the metal detector works

Devices operating on the "reception-transmission" principle register the reflected (re-emitted) signal from a metal object. This signal appears due to the effect on a metal object of an alternating magnetic field, which is generated by the metal detector coils. That is, the design of devices of this type provides for the presence of two coils, the first is transmitting, the second is receiving.

Metal detector circuit

Devices of this class have the following advantages:

• simplicity of design;
• great opportunities for the detection of metallic materials.

At the same time, metal detectors of this class have certain disadvantages:

• metal detectors can be sensitive to the composition of the ground in which they search for metal objects.
• technological difficulties in the manufacture of the product.

In other words, devices of this type must be configured by hand before work.

Other devices are sometimes referred to as a beat metal detector. This name came from the distant past, more precisely from the times when superheterodyne receivers were widely used. Beating is a phenomenon that becomes noticeable when two signals with similar frequencies and equal amplitudes are added together. Beating consists in pulsating the amplitude of the summed signal.

The signal ripple frequency is equal to the frequency difference of the summed signals. Passing such a signal through a rectifier, it is also called a detector, the so-called difference frequency is isolated.

This scheme has been used for a long time, but nowadays, it is not used. They were replaced by synchronous detectors, but the term remained in use.

A beating metal detector works using the following principle - it registers the frequency difference from two transmitter coils. One frequency is stable, the other contains an inductor.

The device is tuned by hand so that the generated frequencies coincide or at least be close. As soon as the metal enters the zone of action, the set parameters change and the frequency changes. Frequency difference can be recorded different waysfrom headphones to digital techniques.

Devices of this class are distinguished by a simple sensor design, low sensitivity to the mineral composition of the soil.

But besides this, during their operation, it is necessary to take into account the fact that they have high energy consumption.

Typical design

The metal detector includes the following components:

1. The coil is a box-type construction that houses the receiver and transmitter. Most often, the coil has an elliptical shape and polymers are used for its manufacture. A wire is connected to it, connecting it to the control unit. This wire carries the signal from the receiver to the control unit. The transmitter generates a signal when metal is detected, which is broadcast to the receiver. The coil is mounted on the lower shaft.
2. The metal part, on which the coil is fixed and the angle of its inclination is adjusted, is called the lower shaft. Thanks to this solution, a more thorough examination of the surface occurs. There are models in which the lower part can adjust the height of the metal detector and provides a telescopic connection to the rod, which is called the middle one.
3. The middle boom is the node located between the lower and upper boom. Devices are fixed on it, allowing you to adjust the dimensions of the device. on the market you can find models that consist of two rods.
4. The top bar is usually curved. It resembles the letter S. This shape is considered optimal for fixing it on the hand. An armrest, a control unit and a handle are installed on it. The armrest and handle are made of polymer materials.
5. The metal detector control unit is required to process the data received from the coil. After the signal is converted, it is sent to headphones or other means of indication. In addition, the control unit is designed to adjust the operating mode of the device. The wire from the coil is connected using a quick release device.

Metal detector design

All devices included in the metal detector are waterproof.

It is such a relative simplicity of the design that allows you to make metal detectors with your own hands.

Varieties of metal detectors

There is a wide range of metal detectors on the market that are used in many areas. Below is a list showing some of the variations of these devices:

Soil model Depth metal detector Underwater vehicle Security device Industrial metal detector

1. Ground. These devices are designed to search with your own hands for scrap metal, jewelry, coins, etc.
2. Deep. These devices are used to search for the aforementioned metal products at great depths.
3. Underwater. Devices of this type are designed for underwater operation. They can work at different depths.
4. Metal detectors for searching for gold. These devices allow you to find gold and jewelry for it in any environment.
5. Security devices. These devices are used to detect metal products on the human body and in luggage. Such devices are made in the form of arches and are installed at the entrance to crowded places, for example, at train stations, shopping centers, etc.
6. Industrial. This equipment is part of the conveyor lines. Their main task is to detect metal in other substances. For example, in the mined sand and soil mixture.
7. Army. The military uses such devices to detect mines, unexploded shells, bombs, etc. with their own hands. The military calls such devices mine detectors.
8. Do-it-yourself devices, most often they are collected by novice "treasure hunters".

Using modern materials allows you to design and manufacture instruments with high precision metal detection in different environments. The use of microelectronics made it possible to minimize their overall and weight parameters. In addition, the simplicity of the electrical circuit allows minimal cost make a metal detector with your own hands.

Main settings

Like any technical device, a metal detector has certain parameters that characterize their functional properties.

Detection depth

In the first place is the metal detection depth. By the way, many companies producing such devices do not show the maximum depth at which their products can detect metal products. And if such a figure is indicated, then, most likely, these are data obtained during laboratory tests. That is, real, field conditions differ significantly from laboratory (polygon) conditions.

This means that when doing real work with your own hands, the detection depth will be slightly less than indicated in the passport. Why is this happening? The fact is that the composition of the soil has a significant impact on the ability of the metal detector. Indeed, it is one thing to search in river sand, and another in soil with a high iron content. Metal products, especially those that are at depth for a long time, oxidize and change their properties, and this affects the ability to detect an object.

Detection depth of a metal detector

Most modern metal detectors can find metal objects at a depth of 2.5 m, special deep products can detect a product at a depth of 6 meters.

Work frequency

The second parameter is the frequency of operation. The thing is that low frequencies allow the detector to see at a fairly large depth, but small parts they cannot see. High frequencies allow you to see small objects, but do not allow viewing the ground at great depths.

The simplest (budget) models operate at one frequency, models that belong to the average price level use 2 or more frequencies in their work. There are models that use 28 frequencies when searching.

Depth metal detector diagram

Deep metal detectors are used to find metals at great depths. But it is worth noting that they are not cheap and therefore it is quite possible to assemble it with your own hands. But before you start making it, you need to understand how a typical scheme works.

Depth metal detector diagram

The circuit of a deep metal detector is not the simplest one and there are several options for its design. Before assembling it, you must prepare the following set of parts and elements:

• capacitors different types - film, ceramic, etc .;
• resistors of different ratings;
• semiconductors - transistors and diodes.

Nominal parameters, quantity depend on the selected schematic diagram device. To assemble the above elements, you will need a soldering iron, a set of tools (screwdriver, pliers, wire cutters, etc.), material for making the board.

Depth metal detector assembly process

The assembly process for a deep metal detector looks like this. First, a control unit is assembled, the basis of which is a printed circuit board. It is made of PCB. Then the assembly scheme is transferred directly to the surface of the finished board. After the drawing is transferred, the board must be etched. For this, a solution is used, which includes hydrogen peroxide, salt, electrolyte.

After the board has been etched, holes must be made in it to install circuit components. After the board has been tinned. The most important stage is coming. Do-it-yourself installation and soldering of parts to the prepared board.

To wind the coil with your own hands, use a PEV brand wire with a diameter of 0.5 mm. The number of turns and the diameter of the coil depend on the chosen scheme of the deep metal detector.

As an example, consider the most common metal detectors that can work with depth frames - Koschey,... If you follow the proposed diagrams, it will not be difficult to create a deep metal detector with your own hands.
The first stage will be the manufacture and configuration of the electronic unit. In the next step, you will need to build a depth coil. In the material below, we will analyze in detail the existing methods of creating do-it-yourself coils for deep metal detectors.
It is important to take into account the dimensions and weight of the structures. For example, if you take Pirate, then the indicators will be rather modest, and the highest result will be when using such units as Koschey 5IG or Koschey 4IG. Such results are obtained due to the fact that the latter have a separate deep penetration.

Do-it-yourself deep frame for a metal detector

The most common practice is to install small depth frames directly on a rod or standard reel. In this case, there are some restrictions on the parameters of weight and size. For this reason, such a design is suitable only for those frames that have a diameter of up to sixty centimeters. A product with a more impressive diameter will be too heavy, so it will be quite uncomfortable to carry.
You can make the frame for the coil using ordinary pipes made of plastic. The pipe should be selected depending on the method by which you plan to make its connection. Also, when choosing a pipe, you need to take into account the dimensions of your frame, since an important role is played by the fact that the pipe can provide maximum rigidity of the overall structure.

Depth coil design shape

Coils that have small size, it is best to do it non-separable and in the shape of a circle or square. When creating frames with large dimensions, the non-separable structure will be inconvenient during transportation. Moving this type of frame from place to place is quite difficult. Therefore, in this case, it is better to make a collapsible design. It is better to construct a structure with a collapsible frame in the shape of a square, which is equipped with an overhead search loop. Therefore, the frame frame should be made only from pipes that are made of durable plastic. The search coil will need to be wrapped using insulating stranded wire. Most often, frames of this type are carried in pairs. There is also the option of creating a structure that you can transfer yourself.
A few photos for example:

Depth frame winding process

In order to wind the frames, it is best to use a stranded wire in insulation, which has a diameter of about 0.5-0.75 mm. At the end of the work, you need to pull the turns tight enough to each other using standard electrical tape or tape. This will make the hinge much stronger. After that, in order to achieve maximum structural strength, it is necessary to crimp with a heat-shrink tube or fix it with electrical tape.
You can build, thanks to the detailed instructions provided, a deep metal detector with your own hands quite easily. To do this, you will need elements that every radio amateur must have in stock. The device, created with your own hand, will absolutely not be inferior in functionality to its factory counterparts, and it will cost you an order of magnitude cheaper.

Instrumental search is extremely popular. Looking for adults and children, and amateurs and professionals. They are looking for treasures, coins, lost things and buried scrap metal. And the main tool for searching is metal detector.

There is a great variety of different metal detectors, for every "taste and color". But for many people, buying a ready-made branded metal detector is simply financially costly. And someone wants to assemble a metal detector with their own hands, and someone even builds their own small business on assembling them.

Homemade metal detectors

In this section of our site about homemade metal detectors, will be collected: best metal detector circuits, their descriptions, programs and other data for manufacturing dIY metal detector... It does not wake up metal detector circuits from the USSR and circuits on two transistors. Since such metal detectors are only suitable for a visual demonstration of the principles of metal detection, they are not at all suitable for real use.

All metal detectors in this section will be quite technologically advanced. They will have good search performance. And a well-assembled homemade metal detector wakes up a little to yield to factory counterparts. Basically, there are various schemes impulse metal detectors and metal detector circuits with metal discrimination.

But to make these metal detectors, you need not only desire, but also certain skills and abilities. We tried to break down the schemes of the given metal detectors according to the level of complexity.

In addition to the basic data required for assembling a metal detector, there will also be information about the required minimum level of knowledge and equipment for making a metal detector on your own.

To assemble a metal detector with your own hands, you will definitely need:

This list will contain the necessary tools, materials and equipment for self-assembly of all metal detectors without exception. For many schemes, you will also need various additional equipment and materials, here is only the basic for all schemes.

1. Soldering iron, solder, tin and other soldering accessories.
2. Screwdrivers, pliers, wire cutters and other tools.
3. Materials and skills for manufacturing a printed circuit board.
4. Minimal experience and knowledge in electronics and electrical engineering as well.
5. And also straight arms - will be very useful when assembling a metal detector with your own hands.

Here you can find diagrams for self-assembly of the following metal detector models:

	Principle of operation	IB
	Discrimination against metals	there is
	Maximum search depth
		there is
	Working frequency	4 - 17 kHz
	Difficulty level	Middle

	Principle of operation	IB
	Discrimination against metals	there is
	Maximum search depth	1-1.5 meters (Depends on coil size)
	Programmable microcontrollers	there is
	Working frequency	4 - 16 kHz
	Difficulty level	Middle

	Principle of operation	IB
	Discrimination against metals	there is
	Maximum search depth	1 - 2 meters (Depends on coil size)
	Programmable microcontrollers	there is
	Working frequency	4.5 - 19.5 kHz
	Difficulty level	Tall