Plastic pipes for water supply: types and markings, which are better to choose. Types of plastic pipes, characteristics, advantages, scope of use Plastic pipes for industrial water

The use of plastic pipes for plumbing made it possible to get rid of the bulky steel networks that were previously equipped in almost all residential buildings and public buildings. Durable and easy to install, plastic pipelines quickly gained popularity and became the most popular type of polymer pipe products.

In order not to get confused in the varieties of plumbing products made of plastic, it is recommended to take a short excursion into the world of popular polymer communications, find out their features, get acquainted with the varieties, sizes and conditions of use.

Derivatives of complex polymers: polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and metal polymers are used as raw materials for the production of water supply lines. All of them are united under one name "plastic pipes for water supply" with different technical properties with different characteristics, the characteristics of which depend on the conditions of their use.

Classification table of types of polymer pipes

Polymer type	Recommended area of \u200b\u200buse	Application features
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)	Supply cold water outside and inside the house	1. A rigid linear configuration is created
Polypropylene	Cold water supply and for hot water supply with heating medium up to	Three-layer with a high coefficient of linear expansion.
Polyethylene	Cold water supply outside and inside the house, burying in the ground	1.Movable flexible structure. 2. The efficiency of operation depends on the temperature indicators.
Metal-plastic	For cold and hot water supply	1.Conservation of shape after bending the configuration. 2. Ability to withstand high pressure.

Depending on the physical properties, each polymer has its own recommended area of \u200b\u200bapplication, which you need to know for the correct selection of material

Advantages and disadvantages of plastic pipes for water supply

The immense popularity of everything for water can be explained by the presence of the following technical advantages and indicators:

• Solid service life. If the water supply line is installed technically competently and the operating conditions are not violated, the water supply line can work effectively for 50 years.
• The inner cavity does not corrode, does not overgrow with silt and salt build-ups. The absence of obstacles in the path of water flow is positively reflected on and the water pressure will remain unchanged.
• Simplicity and ease of installation. Home craftsmen - craftsmen can easily or lay pipes for water supply in the country.
• Plastic piping water supply network can be installed on any terrain. No complicated additional equipment is required for the device of rotary elements.
• Polymer products are several times lighter than their metal counterparts. This indicator can significantly reduce the load from the water supply system by bearing structures building.
• Plastic pipe communications do not lose their effectiveness in conditions of temperature extremes. When the material is heated, there are no various blisters and stratification on the outer surface, and when the water freezes inside, the integrity of the water main is preserved, and the pipe does not burst.
• Polymer building materials are easy to transport. Storage does not require special conditions.
• Environmental Safety. Even with long-term use, plastic is not toxic and does not emit substances harmful to human health.

In addition to technical indicators and characteristics, it is worth noting the economic component of costs. Compared to plumbing made of steel, the cost of plastic pipes will be much lower. If you do the installation yourself, then the cost of laying a plastic water supply system can be minimal.

Disadvantages of plastic plumbing:

1. Limitations in the application for hot water supply associated with the high temperature of the coolant.
2. Impossibility of using for fire-fighting water communications.
3. For the installation of each type of plastic pipes, various technological processes connections.

Difficulties may arise when disposing of polymer pipes, but this small flaw is compensated for by a long service life.

Main characteristics

When choosing pipes for a plastic water supply system, one should be guided by the technical characteristics of the products. There is a direct dependence of the technical properties and features of polymer pipes on the material of their manufacture. For the production of polymer building materials used different kinds raw materials with different temperature, weight and strength characteristics

Media temperature

Plastic plumbing can be used for both cold and hot water supply, However, not all types of plastic are designed for hot water supply.

In the following table, compiled on the basis of the recommendations of the manufacturers, it can be concluded that the area of \u200b\u200buse of plastic for hot water is limited by the technical properties of the starting material.

The weight

Among the main technical characteristics of water pipes intended for water supply, an important criterion is their weight. Known to be light compared to metal plumbing - this is one of the main advantages of plastic communication. When laying a water supply system along the walls or under the ceiling, it is important to know: how much the piping will weigh and whether the wall or ceiling structure can withstand this load. If you do not have a handbook on plastic plumbing materials at hand, then you can use the following rules to calculate the weight:

1. The weight indicator is in direct proportion to the diameter and thickness of its walls. For example one running meter a pipe product made of plastic with a diameter of 16 mm is equal to 100 gr. There are currently no strict weight standards and upon purchase the weight of the product can be seen on the attached certificate.
2. Calculation formula for self-determination of the weight of polymer tubular products: weight in kilograms 1 m. Running. plastic pipe \u003d ((Dn - T) / 40.55) * T, where Dn is the outer diameter, T is the wall thickness, 40.55 is a constant.

There is another way to find out the approximate weight value: determine the volume of the pipe in m3 and multiply by a constant factor of 950.

Strength

Strength indicators are especially relevant for plastic pipes laid in the ground. They operate under conditions of internal high pressure water flow and external load from a large volume of soil. Manufacturers offer to use products with higher strength indicators for such types of water supply engineering networks, but the price of such building materials will be much higher than that of conventional plastic ones.

Polymer pipes, despite their many positive characteristics, are sensitive to point impacts, for example, an inadvertent hammer blow, especially at the junction, can destroy the integrity of the structure. Therefore, when laying the pipe, knowing about the fragility of plastic products, you should take precautions and carry out the installation carefully and carefully.

Table of diameters of pipes for water supply

The throughput of the entire water supply system depends on the choice of the size of the pipes for the water supply. Each type of polymer pipe products has its own norms and standards with different wall thicknesses.

Table of pipe diameters for water supply by type of polymer

Variety	GOST	Terms of use	Allowable diameter, mm	Wall thickness, mm
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)	R 51613-2000	Bath and sink connections	10 to 315	1.6 to 6
		Toilet connection	15 to 315
		Washing machine connection	15 to 315
Polyethylene (PE)	18599-2001	Light pipes	20 to 100	2,0 – 29,3
		Average		2,0 – 45,3
		Heavy		2,0 – 45,5
Polypropylene (PP)	32415-2013	Internal wiring	40.50 and 110	8,1
		External wiring, into the ground	From 150	32.1 to 35.2
Reinforced plastic		Plumbing laying	15,20	2

There is a rule that for laying a water supply line, the pipe diameter should not be less than 15 mm, and diameters from 32 mm are used for the installation of water supply risers.

When choosing pipes of the required size, the dependence of the section on the length of the water supply line should be taken into account:

1. If the length of the water system is less than 30 meters, pipes with a diameter of 25 mm are allowed.
2. If the length of the line is more than 30 meters, it is recommended to use a cross section of 32 mm or more.

For short water lines up to 10 meters, plastic products with a diameter of 20 mm will be relevant.

This video will help you figure out the diameters in millimeters and inches and their conversion:

HDPE HDPE pipes

The initial raw material for the manufacture of polyethylene pipes low pressure (HDPE) are high molecular weight polymers obtained during the polymerization of ethylenes under low pressure treatment. For the laying of drinking water supply networks, only materials obtained from primary polyethylene are used, the water pipe is black with a blue stripe. Polyethylene pipe products without strips, obtained as a result of recycling, are used and sewage. Due to the physical properties of polyethylene softening under the influence of high temperatures, HDPE products are not recommended for use as water supply pipes for hot water.

Advantages of HDPE polyethylene pipes for water supply:

• low weight, which has a positive effect on transportation and installation;
• do not corrode;
• simple and quick installation;
• the inner cavity is not overgrown with silt outgrowths;
• not damaged even when the media freezes. If the winter temperature drops below -20 degrees, then the material becomes brittle;
• long service life.

Polyethylene products are mounted using special welding or using. They go on sale in the form of 6-meter segments and coils of various lengths.

Marking

For the convenience of choosing plastic HDPE pipes for the water supply system, a special marking of letters and numbers is used, displaying detailed information:

1. Manufacturing plant and compliance with GOST manufacturing, for example GOST 18599-2001.
2. International brand designation, for example PE100, PE63, PE80.
3. The size of the outer diameter, measured in millimeters.
4. Wall thickness.
5. The size of the working and maximum allowable pressure.
6. Date and batch of manufacture.

The reference for the area of \u200b\u200buse is the color of the outer surface: a pipe for drinking water - black with a blue stripe, black without stripes is used or cable networks.

Polypropylene pipes for water supply

Polymer pipe products made of polypropylene are distinguished by their versatility. They are used not only as pipes for laying cold water, but are excellent for organizing hot water supply. The range of produced diameters is from 16 to 125 mm. They come on sale in separate pieces 4 meters long. Marked polypropylene pipes for water in letters PP.

According to their structure, PP polypropylene tubular products are divided into single-layer and reinforced multilayer structures. Single-layer modifications are very flexible and therefore their field of application is limited to non-pressure water pipelines. Reinforced consists of the following words:

1. Thick-walled polypropylene pipe.
2. Thin aluminum foil.
3. Protective polypropylene layer.

Multilayer polypropylene pipes are used to organize cold water supply. For hot media, this type is not recommended. This is due to the fact that due to the high coefficient of linear expansion under the action of a heat carrier with a high temperature, deformation changes are observed in the products and they can sag.

Polypropylene tubular products are manufactured for water systems with a pressure of 10.16.20 atmospheres and various wall thicknesses.

To connect polypropylene pipelines, special soldering irons are used, which melt the ends and turn the connection into a monolith.

Reinforced-plastic pipes

Reinforced-plastic pipes are called a three-layer structure consisting of cross-linked polyethylene, thin aluminum foil and a protective layer of polyethylene. The design of the product is flexible enough, retains its shape after bending, and therefore, with small turning radii, it can be laid without corner and swivel fittings. The metal-reinforced plastic can withstand the high temperature of the heating medium, and works well under high pressure water flow conditions. If very hot water is circulating through the pipes, slight deformation may occur.

The metal-plastic is marked with the letters PEX-Al-PE, which can be deciphered: cross-linked polyethylene + aluminum + polyethylene. Produced in diameters from 16 to 40 mm. It is important to know that the brand reflects the inner and outer diameters, for example 12-15 or 20-25.

Reinforced plastic products are used to supply cold and hot water up to +95 degrees.

Cross-linked polyethylene PEX

Cross-linked polyethylene polymer pipes are a high-tech product made after high pressure processing of polyethylene. As a result of this treatment, macromolecules are "crosslinked" to each other, and a strong polymer with plastic properties is formed. XLPE pipes are designated with the letters PEX. Installation is carried out using special connecting fittings. This view material is ideal for feeding hot media. Produced in diameters from 12 to 315 mm. The surface is marked with information about the manufacturer, permissible temperature, operating pressure, diameter and wall thickness, date of manufacture.

Polyvinyl chloride pipes (PVC) for water supply

Pipes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are intended for cold water supply. It is not recommended to use PVC communications for hot water supply. This is due to the physical property of the PVC polymer to melt at temperatures from 50 to 80 degrees. For hot water use a modification of HPHV, which stands for "chlorinated PVC".

Manufacturers produce PVC pipes with diameters of 10, 12, 16, 20, 25, 40, 50, 73, 75, 90 and 110 mm, with wall thickness from 2 to 18.3 mm. Special fittings are required to install the water main.

What plastic pipes are suitable for hot water

If you place plastic pipes for hot water in the ranking by popularity,

you get the following leader line:

• metal-plastic;
• polypropylene;
• cross-linked polyethylene.

Each of these varieties has its own pros and cons, which should be carefully studied when reviewing the technical characteristics.

Plastic pipes for plumbing sizes and prices

You can get acquainted with the estimated cost of plastic water pipes in the proposed table:

In conclusion, the review of plastic pipes for water supply, I would like to say that the efficiency and reliability of the water supply system depends not only on the selected type of pipes, diameter and cost. The most important thing is professional installation and the use of quality material.

The purchase of pipes for arranging the water supply of the dough is interconnected with the material and cost. Some owners prefer the optimal balance between cost and quality, while others try to choose the most effective solution. Currently, plastic water pipelines are very popular, which have better characteristics compared to the metal version.

Types of plastic pipes

When arranging pipelines, the following materials are used:

• metal-plastic;
• polyethylene;
• polypropylene;
• polyvinyl chloride.

The required type can be selected by appearance - by the color of the pipe or the colored strip on it. For example, if the product is blue, or such a strip passes through it, then it is intended for cold water supply. Red pipe products are used to create underfloor heating, white - heating system and hot pipe. The yellow pipe is for gas supply.

Plastic pipe for water has many advantages:

1. Strength.
2. Durability.
3. Elasticity.
4. Low weight.
5. Does not change the chemical composition of the flowing liquid.
6. Low thermal conductivity.
7. Ease of installation.

Technical parameters are specified in the product regulations.

As for the shortcomings, there are very few of them:

• restrictions on the temperature of the environment;
• possible difficulties with the installation of fittings;
• styling differences different types pipes.

The choice of plastic products for hot water supply is based on certain operating conditions and requirements for communications. The purchase of products for the cold water supply depends on the installation method of the system and other factors.

HDPE pipes for water

One of the types of plastic water pipes is produced from low pressure polyethylene. These products are intended for different systems water supply. HDPE is an environmentally friendly material, the characteristics of which make it possible to withstand a wide range of temperatures without changing mechanical or other qualities.

This type of pipe is not afraid of exposure to ultraviolet rays, has sufficient flexibility and is resistant to frost. In general, flexible pipes for water supply are in high demand. Due to elasticity, the number of fittings can be reduced, which contributes to faster installation.

The fewer joints at the water supply system, the more reliable and safer it is to operate. The technical parameters of the pipes make it possible to carry out installation work at temperatures up to 20 degrees below zero.

Polypropylene pipes

Such material is environmentally friendly and safe to operate, and is used to create pipelines for various purposes. A number of polypropylene pipes are guaranteed for 100 years.

The products are resistant to high temperature conditions, therefore they are ideal for hot water pipelines. The temperature of the liquid in them can reach 75 degrees. Reinforced pipes are able to withstand water hammer and high internal pressure. Such products are three-layer: the outer and inner ones are represented by polypropylene, and the middle one - by a compound of polypropylene and fiberglass.

Laying polypropylene pipes

Joining polypropylene products is inexpensive and uncomplicated. Installation is carried out using diffusion welding or special fittings, both methods ensure tightness.

Required for work:

• fitting;
• rotameter;
• insulating material;
• shut-off valves.

Measurement and further control of the water flow takes place on the inner surface of the pipeline. Thanks to the fittings, it is possible to achieve reliable adhesion. Shut-off valves allow you to control the flow of hot or cold liquid, and the insulation serves to protect the water supply from external influences.

To connect to metal structures a standard fitting is used with a brass sleeve pressed into it and has an external or internal thread.

When welding polypropylene pipes for hot water, a seam is formed that has a strength exceeding the products themselves - this will require a special device. Depending on the characteristics of the material, they can be used in lines with a pressure of 10, 16, 20 atmospheres.

Metal-plastic and PVC products

Also widely used are plastic water pipes, for the manufacture of which aluminum is used. Multilayer metal-plastic products are ideal for both water supply. The outer and inner layers are made of plastic, and there is an aluminum layer between them. The weight of such pipes is small, and the strength is significant.

If products are required to create hot water supply, then white plastic pipes should be bought. Blue reinforced plastic products have technical specifications, according to which they can only be used in water pipelines, where the maximum temperature of the liquid does not exceed 30 degrees.

Lack of metal plastic products - the difference in the compression rates of aluminum and plastic in the event of a sharp jump in temperature. The aluminum layer has a higher speed and for this reason, the strength of the pipe joints in combination with high pressure decreases.

PVC pipes for hot water are not used. In addition, their use in domestic conditions is not recommended due to the presence of chloride in the composition (read also: ""). At the same time, resistance to low temperatures, various climatic changes, allow their products to be successfully used in swimming pools and water parks.

XLPE piping

The price of pipes made of XLPE is much higher than other materials. Manufacturers assure that such products will last up to a hundred years. They offer increased flexibility to accommodate long pipelines with a minimum of joints, thus reducing the likelihood of leaks.

Pipes are sold with a diameter of 1.6 to 6.3 centimeters. They are suitable for arranging hot water supply.

But at the same time, one must not forget that, like any other material, products made of cross-linked polyethylene also have some disadvantages:

1. They must not be operated in strong sunlight.
2. During installation, it is unacceptable to use insulation glue - this will lead to premature wear of the product.

When installing XLPE products, it is necessary to use compression and press fittings. Flexible plastic water pipe does not require a lot of time and money for installation, since there is no need to create many joints. And this is essential if the pipeline is of considerable length.

Before choosing pipe products for water supply, you need to carefully study the characteristics of the products: allowable pressure, maximum temperature, dimensions. If you make the wrong choice, the plastic water pipes will quickly fail and will soon need to be replaced.

Therefore, do not rush, it is better to carefully weigh all the advantages and disadvantages of the products on the market. However, it is undesirable to save on the pipeline, since high performance is a guarantee of a long service life.

In the market, PVC pipes for water supply are in high demand. They are widely used both in everyday life and in the construction of hydraulic structures (water parks, swimming pools, etc.), as well as in the food industry and agriculture... The variety of sizes of PVC pipes allows them to compete with metal pipes, because they demonstrate the optimal combination of strength, reasonable price and ease of use.

PVC - polyvinyl chloride pipes are made from a synthetic polymer that is highly resistant to chemical attack.

When transporting water, not only the strength of the system is important, but also its safety. In the production of polymer pipes, toxic materials are not used, therefore they do not have a specific smell. Polyvinyl chloride, due to inertness to various chemical compounds and non-toxicity, is ideal option for transporting drinking water. However, the material can be compared with cast iron, it is its kind of analogue, only in the world of polymers. Therefore, it is used mainly in sewerage systems and low-pressure water mains.

Advantages of PVC pipe products

The choice of PVC pipes is rational and well-founded. PVC pipe fittings have technical characteristics that allow them to be preferred when installing water mains.

• In practice, the products have shown their resistance to the growth of mold and bacteria, the appearance of deposits on their inner walls is excluded, so they can be used for transporting drinking water without fear of its quality.
• PVC pipes are easy to install and look aesthetically pleasing. They can be simply glued together by applying a special compound to the pipe cut and the connecting piece.
• They are distinguished by good carrying capacity, light weight.
• Does not support combustion. It is enough to remove the source to stop burning.
• The undoubted advantage of this type of pipes is that they do not undergo oxidation and do not rust.
• PVC pipes are characterized by low cost and long service life, while being easy to transport and install. With proper installation and operation, they are designed for 40-50 years.

Plastic or polymer pipes are a versatile and common material. It is used in the areas of construction and communications.

There are polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and metal-plastic. Each type has its own characteristics and areas of application, which are determined by the stability of the pipe.

Benefits:

• Resistant to chemical reactions. Since sewage pipes are constantly exposed to numerous chemical influences, they are protected from destruction. Plastic is not destroyed by chemical reactions;
• External damage. Since the external sewer is placed in the ground, it is affected by the soil. The structure of the plastic can withstand severe stress, mechanical damage and pressure;
• Resistant to clogging;
• Installation of a sewer outlet takes half the timethan creating a sewer from metal products. They are interconnected without the use of welding - they are inserted into each other using a special lubricant;
• Cost. Compared to other materials, plastic is much more profitable.

To carry out a sewage system made of plastic, you will need tees, fittings. Most often this is necessary when creating an internal sewage system at home.

Choosing the right sewer diameter. For individual construction (private house), a diameter of up to 150 mm is sufficient, even for a house with 4-5 bathrooms.

Larger diameter material is used for drainage in hotels, hospitals and other administrative institutions. Diameter over 300 mm is used in industrial plants.

Universal type for sewage - polypropylene models (PP index). They combine good value, a service life of up to 50 years and easy installation. PP is used in the construction of private houses in the wiring of external and internal sewerage systems.

Common material in sewer construction. Due to their structure and properties, they show themselves well underground. In addition to sewerage, they are used in electrical wiring.

Views:

• Single layer. They are used in cable ducts, power line protection;
• Double layer. They are used in sewers and underground for communications due to their increased strength;
• Lungs. Vulnerable to mechanical stress, therefore they are not used underground;
• Heavy. Medium sustainability opens up access to use for underground communications;
• Super heavy. They are used in laying communications in difficult conditions (under a highway).

By material they are divided into:

• Plastic;

They are durable and will last up to 50 years. The plastic is resistant to temperature overload - it can withstand heating up to 95 degrees Celsius. They are not subject to chemical reactions, therefore they are used in contaminated soil. PVC is much more popular than polypropylene in creating sewage systems, especially internal ones.

HDPE is the lightest and most versatile material of the three presented. Withstand all soil loads, are not subject to corrosion and ultraviolet rays.

Differences from smooth types:

• Notches along the entire area and length of the material;
• Due to them, a high level of flexibility and practicality is achieved;
• Two-layer structure;
• Installation without the use of additional tools (fittings, couplings);
• Mobility assumes use in conditions of ground drop;
• Ease increases the versatility and ease of installation.

Heating made of steel and cast iron is a thing of the past. Due to the complexity of installation, connection and high cost, these materials turned out to be unprofitable. They were replaced by polypropylene. It is recommended to use reinforced polypropylene for heating systems. This increases the service life.

Reinforcement is divided into fiberglass and aluminum. In the first version, the reinforcement is inside the product, in the second, the aluminum envelops the outside.

Fiberglass prevents deformation due to temperature extremes and extreme heat. The cost is 30-40% higher than material without reinforcement. Don't skimp on this. Reinforced ones guarantee the durability of the heating system.

The advantages of plastic pipes for heating:

• Service life - up to 50 years. Correct selection material will allow you to forget about replacing and repairing the heating system for a long time;
• Resistance to chemical processes... Plastic bypasses steel and cast iron, since it is absolutely not susceptible to rust;
• Since plastic is a soft material, the flow of water inside will not disturb residents with its noise;
• Ease of connection. To install heating, you only need a special welding machine, which is often called a soldering iron. The skills of welding plastic models are acquired literally in 5 minutes or in 2-3 parts welded together;
• When water freezes, you don't have to worry about the safety of the reinforced plastic;
• Low cost. Polypropylene for heating is two times cheaper than metal.

Cons of plastic pipes for heating:

• The wrong choice leads to the replacement of the heating system;
• Fire hazard. Heating made from plastic pipes is vulnerable to fire.

The purchase takes into account:

• Pressure. It is indicated next to the main marking. For example, PN25 is a polypropylene pipe that can withstand a pressure of 25 atmospheres. Suitable for most heating systems;
• Temperature. There are two types of markings. The first is to indicate the maximum temperature. This is usually 90 degrees Celsius. Second - use for hot and cold water is marked with hot
• Reinforcement. As mentioned above - one of the main factors of choice. It is advisable to choose options with fiberglass reinforcement;
• Diameter. This item depends on the room in which the heating is used. In private houses, a diameter of 32 to 40 mm is used for wiring. When tapping into a radiator, 20 or 26 mm options are used.

In the area of \u200b\u200bplumbing, plastic has displaced other materials. In old apartment buildings the owners have long been replacing the old metal plumbing system with a practical plastic one.

Advantages of plastic pipes for water supply:

• Cost. Plastic options much cheaper than steel;
• Environmental friendliness. One of the decisive factors. Since they are used to carry water to the bathroom, to the sink, they should not affect the level of pollution and the composition of the water. What cannot be said about metal;
• Resistant to corrosion and other chemical reactions... Metal parts are prone to rust, but plastic is not. Because of this, the water does not come into contact with harmful particles and substances. Relatively clean water comes from the tap. But all the same, this does not excuse the installation of a water filter and does not guarantee perfectly clean water;
• Ease of installation. Like options for heating, plumbing is installed in a matter of minutes without the use of complex additional equipment, except for a welding machine;
• Resistant to sudden temperature changes. When the water freezes, the pipe will not crack or burst. Also, when heated to high temperatures, the material will not deform and swell;
• Service life up to 50 years will allow you not to worry about replacement or repair for many years.

The disadvantages include only the fact that plastic for a water supply system cannot be operated in fire hazardous conditions.

Features that you need to pay attention to when choosing:

• Maximum heating temperature. Indicated next to the marking;
• Maximum pressure;
• Manufacturer. The design and composition features depend on it.

When installing inside the house, you will need metal taps and adapters. All folds and corners can be made using special fittings and corners, which are also made of plastic. After welding all the parts together, you must immediately check the strength and the absence of holes in the joints.

If the plumbing does not imply the use of hot water, you can use conventional plastic materials... To conduct both hot and cold water, a different material is needed.

Hot water supply is more common in living quarters and bathrooms. For plumbing for other purposes, ordinary plastic pipes are used. The synthetic composition of the polypropylene pipe allows it to be heated up to 140 degrees Celsius. In this case, the shape of the product will be restored after complete cooling to the operating temperature.

For hot water supply, reinforced polypropylene models are required. Reinforcement is the introduction of a metal grid or cladding into the structure of a plastic pipe. It is of two types - reinforcement with aluminum or fiberglass. The first option is used less often. Reinforcement with a layer of fiberglass increases the resistance of the material.

Advantages of plastic pipes for hot water:

• Increased heat resistance. Therefore, they are used to conduct hot water;
• Resistant to temperature extremes. Reinforced ones can easily tolerate both cold and hot water. Under strong heating, the structure of the material and the product itself do not deform.

Products with aluminum reinforcement or foil are also used. If reinforcement takes place inside, the water reacts with the metal. This material loses in properties to fiberglass.

Structure: inner polypropylene layer, middle fiber layer, outer polypropylene layer. Plastic is an environmentally friendly and versatile material, and the fiber mesh gives strength and stability.

When choosing, you need to focus on the diameter of the riser - from 19 to 26 mm. When wiring from the riser to the floors, a much smaller diameter is used (half as much) - about 12-13 mm. When choosing a diameter, it is necessary to take into account the length of the water supply, the number of floors and the expected water consumption.

Polypropylene is a flexible and light alloy material. Because of this, problems arise when heating. Polypropylene expands and deforms strongly if the water in it reaches a temperature higher than stated on the label. When the temperature rises to 175 degrees Celsius, the material will melt.

The working temperature is approximately 90 degrees. When high pressure and temperature, the material may burst. In addition, the pipe expands in length. It is undesirable to use polypropylene for floor insulation. Decorative surfaces (e.g. tiles) will crack due to the expansion of the pipes.

For this reason, reinforced polypropylene appeared. It does not eliminate all the disadvantages of the material, but it makes it much more practical. Reinforcement prevents the plastic from expanding, deforming and melting.

Reinforcement types:

• Aluminum. It is divided into subspecies. Reinforced layer of aluminum foil outside, inside or in the middle of the product. You can determine the type only by the slice.

Aluminum foil can be up to 0.5 mm thick. It connects to the plastic with glue. The quality of the material is tested by time - pipes often delaminate and peel off under the influence of hot water and daily use. Saving and buying cheap and little-known brands in this case is inappropriate;

• Fiberglass - an alternative to aluminum. The fiberglass layer is a mixture of polypropylene and fiber fibers. This layer is welded to the outside and inside, so the structure forms a single whole. The safety margin and resistance to deformation of the material is higher than that of aluminum, and the price remains the same.

Installation of reinforced products is no different from ordinary plastic ones. A welding machine or soldering iron is used. Fittings and couplings are used for corner joints.

The process is different for pipes with aluminum reinforcement. Before using the soldering iron, the top layer of the metal is cleaned. If the foil is in the inner layer, you will need a trimmer. The procedure is necessary to prevent delamination and peeling of the material.

Plastic pipes for underfloor heating

Water in such a system is heated to a temperature not exceeding 40 degrees Celsius, and is distributed evenly. More often, heated floors are installed in bathrooms and kitchens.

For installation, the following types are used:

• Reinforced plastic;
• Polypropylene;
• Polyethylene.

Metal-plastic is cheap and alternative option copper. The inner layer is made of polyethylene, the middle one is made of aluminum, the outer one is made of polyethylene.

Polypropylene is cheaper than the previous version. But it is rarely used, since its safety margin and resistance to overheating are much lower. The best solution was cross-linked polyethylene. It is characterized by increased strength, durability and resistance to overheating. The price of the material is affordable.

Underfloor heating installation is a complex process with a long preparation. A plan is drawn up before laying. A diagram is drawn on paper, which is followed during installation.

Stacked with a snake or spiral. The first option is fast, but not uniform. The floor heats up in fragments. The second way is more common. The spiral heats the floor area evenly.

The distance between the heating pipes is up to 35 centimeters. According to statistics, a pipe with a diameter of 16 mm heats 15 cm on each side of itself along its total length.

The next step is floor cleaning and leveling. After that, the laying of the plastic pipe begins according to a previously drawn up scheme. The first step is to fit the substrate over the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. Above - a layer of foil. Next, the reinforcement mesh is laid. Mesh cells in area no more than 10 by 10 cm.

The plastic pipe is laid according to the drawn up scheme and is fastened in 40 cm increments. The places where the heating comes out of the floor screed are preliminarily put in a protective casing. This will prevent deformation and abrasion of the plastic when pouring the top layer of the screed and further use.

Before pouring concrete screed, the system is connected to the manifold and the possibility of leaks is checked. The thickness of the screed layer is no more than 7 cm, otherwise the floor will not warm up.

The choice of material for underfloor heating should be approached responsibly. Otherwise, it makes no sense to spend money on external finishing of the floor - at any time, low-quality plastic can burst, swell or deform so that all floor tiles will crack and split. After that, you will have to start all work from scratch.

It is better to spend more money on quality materials one time than redesigning the entire structure and system.

High pressure plastic pipes

They are distinguished by their increased strength and adaptability to overloads. They are mainly used for the transportation of liquids in oil plants, mechanical engineering, and hydraulic systems. The structure is three-layer. The middle layer is usually a reinforced mesh.

LDPE contains polyethylene as its main component. Products from it are completely environmentally friendly. LDPEs with a diameter of 16, 25 and 32 mm are widespread.

Advantages of high pressure plastic pipes:

• Low thermal conductivity. Due to this, the transportation of liquid became possible with practically no temperature loss. Also, this property reduces the level of condensation;
• Frost resistance allows the TPVD to be used even in the most adverse conditions. When the water inside freezes, the outer shell does not collapse or deform. This eliminates the need for repair work and restoration;
• Ease of installation due to the weight of the product. Steel pipes weigh 6 times more than TPVD;
• Elasticity allows the material to withstand all mechanical stress and shock;
• Environmental friendliness;
• Service life - up to 50 years;
• Silent water flow.

Disadvantages of high pressure plastic pipes:

• This material is not suitable for creating a fire-fighting water supply system;
• Compliance temperature regime... Although the material can withstand overloads, it melts with a large increase in temperature;
• Fear of light rays. Therefore, TPVD is covered with additional insulation against ultraviolet rays;
• The fastening methods and technologies are different from the rest.

Characteristics of high pressure plastic pipes:

• Pressure. The indicator is determined by the brand of polyethylene, wall thickness, product diameter;
• Working temperature. The temperature standard at which the product retains its properties and performs the function of +40 degrees Celsius. If the norms are exceeded, it is inappropriate to talk about maintaining a working state;
• Diameter. The diameter range is from 10mm to 3000mm. For water supply in private and apartment buildings, a diameter of 20 mm is used;
• Wall thickness. The parameter varies from 2 to 6 millimeters. This item directly depends on the diameter of the product.

Two methods are used for installation - compression or electrofusion fittings... The first way is faster and easier. It does not require any special skills or equipment. In most cases, it is used at home to connect two segments.

The second method is electrofusion fittings. The fitting is aligned with an inner spiral, which is melted using special equipment and connected to another part. After the material has hardened, both parts become one. This method is much safer and more durable. But this requires experience and equipment. For private purposes, this method is rarely used.

TPVD - one of the most reliable. The area of \u200b\u200bapplication is very diverse. The material is unpretentious. The only thing that is required to protect it is isolation from ultraviolet rays.

Frost resistant plastic pipes

Plastic, as an extremely vulnerable material, is not suitable for use in adverse conditions without additional involvement in the composition and structure. For use in frosty weather or underground, frost-resistant options are used. They are required for the creation of sewerage, protection for electrical networks, water supply.

Frost-resistant material is used when transporting liquids over long distances and for heat-conducting lines.

Pros of frost-resistant plastic pipes:

• Cost. The price of plastic is lower than that of metal;
• Increased resistance to external influences;
• Operation at extremely low temperatures. For these purposes, metal-plastic products are often used, the stability of which remains up to -400 degrees Celsius. When water freezes inside, the material itself will not lose its properties. After thawing, the plastic will return to its original shape.

The material has practically no drawbacks. It surpasses metal and steel products in all respects.

Polyethylene pipes for gas are painted black with a yellow stripe to distinguish them from all others.

The advantages of gas plastic pipes:

• Frost resistance. Copes even with low temperatures;
• Insensitive to corrosion, which allows use in underground conditions;
• Resistance to mechanical stress guarantees a calm resistance to soil impact;
• Service life up to 50 years;
• Weak gas permeability. Gas does not pass through the walls due to the use of polyethylene, which is much stronger in structure than polypropylene;
• Ease of installation. Laying a gas pipeline from plastic is much faster than from metal;
• No additional required chemical protection, casings and linings. Copes with all overloads and difficulties without additional protection;
• Cheaper than metal;
• No need for waterproofing. This further reduces the cost of material and installation work in general.

With their help, a gas pipeline is laid only underground. Use in residential buildings and on surfaces is prohibited due to its vulnerability to external influences. This reduces security.

Not every type is used for gas conduction. The material of the first and second categories is not suitable for use in difficult conditions (under crossings, motorways). It is also forbidden to use in areas with high seismic activity.

There are two types of gas polyethylene pipes: PE-100 and PE-80. They differ in wall thickness. The first version of the PE-100 has a thickness of 3.5 millimeters. PE-80 - from 2 to 3 millimeters. Also, both types differ in the pressure that they can withstand. The first type can withstand up to 12 atmospheres, and the second - up to 6 atmospheres.

The operating temperature ranges from -15 to +40 degrees Celsius. If the temperature exceeds the upper threshold, the product loses its properties and deformation begins.

A polyethylene gas pipeline is more difficult to connect than a water supply or sewerage. For this, special tees, couplings, plugs and reductions are used. Either butt welding or compression joint is used for the connection.

Today, there is no alternative to polyethylene pipes for a gas pipeline. A metal gas pipeline for underground routes is a thing of the past, and polypropylene products do not have a set of properties for safe use in gas pipeline construction.

This species is not highly specialized. It differs from the rest only in the changed type of section. Before the appearance of square products on the market, circular pipes had a complete monopoly. But these products are not applicable everywhere. Used in the following areas:

• Water supply;
• Sewerage;
• Heating.

This species is more widespread in gardening and plumbing.

Properties:

• Frost resistance;
• Flexibility. This allows it to be used on challenging terrain;
• Resistant to corrosive processes. Because of this, the water will remain clean, free from rust and other harmful particles.

When creating a well with a narrow diameter, polymer pipes are used. Such a well-needle will provide a sufficient amount of water for a summer cottage or garden plot... In addition, there is enough water supply for a private house located on a plot in which up to 5 people live.

The main task of the casing is to contain the soil. Such a well made of plastic is a simplified way of providing a site with water. The well depth is no more than 9 meters. It will need 5 plastic pipes, since each is 2 meters long.

You can simplify the task by purchasing a specially prepared kit for wells.

It includes:

• Set of couplings and fittings;
• Drill for drilling a well;
• Water filter;
• The required length of a plastic pipe or workpiece, which will subsequently be connected to each other;
• Required valves and taps.

The advantages of such a well:

• Low cost compared to steel well;
• Corrosion resistant;
• No rust;
• Convenience and ease of installation;
• Resistant to blockages.

The only case in which a well made of polypropylene pipes is inferior to the metal version is increased loads.

The concrete version weighs too much, is inconvenient for installation and requires special lifting equipment. This increases the cost of building the well. With the emergence and spread of plastic products in the field of communications, concrete rings are gradually going out of use.

The advantages of plastic rings:

• Rings do not require additional processing, unlike concrete ones. Concrete absorbs moisture and therefore needs waterproofing. This entails additional costs for impregnating the rings;
• Environmental friendliness. Plastic rings do not allow water to pass through themselves, while not entering into any chemical reactions with it;
• The cost is much lower than for a concrete structure.

You can purchase a similar well both in a solid version and in a prefabricated one. The one-piece version includes a plastic neck with a hatch and a one-piece pipe of the required length for the well. In this case, both smooth and corrugated products are used. The kit also includes fittings.

They are made from:

• Polypropylene;
• Polyethylene;
• Polyvinyl chloride.

The savings lie in additional installation costs, not in the cost of pipes and rings. The price differs little from reinforced concrete analogs. But the cost of transportation, installation and additional processing for plastic products is much lower. In addition to conventional wells and wells, plastic products are used in the creation of storage wells, collectors.

Plastic rings and pipes are used not only when creating a new well or well, but also when repairing concrete options. This is appropriate when moving old rings. Displacement occurs as a result of seasonal ground movement. IN well water soil and clay gets in, because of which the water becomes cloudy and requires additional filtration.

Such damage is repaired with a "plastic stocking". A plastic pipe with a diameter smaller than that of a well is inserted inside. The gap between the concrete rings and the plastic ones is filled with drainage.

Cases of using plastic products in case of damage to a reinforced concrete well:

• Well flow rate is reduced to such a level that deepening is required to the next aquifer. This is done as follows: water is pumped out of the well, the upper part is dismantled and the well is cleaned of silt and other contaminants;
• A product with such a diameter is selected so that the workpiece freely passes through the well shaft and does not get stuck;
• Holes with a diameter of 1 to 2 centimeters are made at the bottom of the well;
• A plastic ring is installed to the very bottom. From the inside, the shaft is preliminarily fixed with a metal mesh;
• All water is pumped out by a surface pump as it comes in;
• As the water level decreases, the column moves deeper, thereby creating a kind of well from plastic rings inside the well. Thanks to this, the well will be filled with water again;
• The upper part of the well is lined with plastic rings;
• The last stage is sealing and processing. The final pumping of water and disinfection of the well are carried out. If water does not appear immediately, then the level will rise in a couple of weeks. This is true after the winter period.

Costs are initially calculated for such a restoration. Before starting, the entire well is inspected for the presence of significant damage and shifts. It is possible that solving the problem with a plastic well inside the well will not help and you will have to redo everything from scratch.

If the costs of renovation work exceed the costs of building a new modern plastic well, it is wiser to choose the second option. It will be cheaper and will take less time to install. And the water in it is safe for human health due to the fact that plastic is not subject to chemical reactions.

July 29, 2016
Specialization: Capital construction works (foundation laying, wall construction, roof construction, etc.). Internal construction work (laying of internal communications, rough and final finishing). Hobbies: mobile communications, high technology, computer technology, programming.

As you know, Poseidon, the lord of water, controlled this element with the help of his magic trident, forcing rivers and lakes to flow in the direction he needed. In modern construction, everything is not as simple as in Ancient Greece, so if you want to enjoy the benefits of civilization, you will have to choose and install plastic or metal-plastic pipes for water supply.

The topic of choosing these particular products is very relevant for me, since in the near future I am going to make repairs in one-room apartment, which the son acquires with a mortgage (now he is preparing the documents).

The house is a new building, so there are no utilities, only vertical risers. Therefore, we will do everything with him from scratch. I think that you, curious home craftsmen, will also be interested in which plastic pipes are best for plumbing.

Therefore, we will deal with the analysis of the pros and cons of the existing options right now, without postponing, as folk wisdom says, until tomorrow.

Varieties of plastic pipes for arranging water supply

I will warn you right away that under the term "plastic pipes" there are several types of polymer products. They are distinguished from each other by price, diameter and several other technical characteristics, which determine the scope of use. I will tell you about the features of each variety, and you can choose the one that suits your specific situation.

If you are going to do the installation of plastic pipes for water supply with your own hands, pay attention to the technology for assembling engineering systems. Some parts need to be glued, others twisted and sometimes welded.
If you don't know how to solder pipes, I recommend paying attention to other varieties where glue or threaded fittings are used for the connection.

So let's get started.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Design features

I put this type in first place, since polyvinyl chloride, in my opinion, surpasses other varieties in areas of application. By adding certain additives to this plastic, manufacturers get pipes with different performance properties.

I dealt most with rigid PVC pipes. They lose flexibility, but acquire other properties:

• tolerate high temperatures well;
• have strong walls;
• do not burst at low air temperatures.

In addition, although it is not necessary for domestic use, such pipes can be used to transport corrosive liquids (acids, oil and oil products, fatty liquids, and so on). At the same time, the plastic itself is absolutely non-toxic, does not give the water an extraneous taste and does not stain it.

There are several types of PVC pipes:

• gravity (bell-type);
• pressure head;
• for gaseous media.

Considering that the water in engineering network a city apartment is supplied under pressure; the second type is used to construct a water supply system. They are painted gray and comply with GOST Russia under the number 51613-2000. The permissible fluid pressure in the system is from 6 to 16 atmospheres.

The dimensions of plastic pipes for water supply are as follows:

• length individual elements from 1 to 6 meters;
• pipe diameter from 16 to 630 mm;
• the pipe diameter to wall thickness ratio is in accordance with SDR17, 26, 33 and 41.

Advantages and disadvantages

I will dwell a little on the pros and cons of this type of pipes. I will list not all, but those that I personally consider important. I put everything together in a plate to make it more convenient for you, my readers.

Benefits	disadvantages
Non-toxic	Intolerance high temperature (more than + 65 degrees Celsius)
Chemical resistance	The need for thermal insulation when laying outside, if the ambient temperature drops below - 15 degrees Celsius
Antiseptic	Decrease in ductility with decreasing air temperature
Light weight	Exposure to scratches and chips during installation
Excellent throughput	Difficulty of joining with pipelines from other materials
Smooth inner surface that prevents the accumulation of mineral deposits	Difficulty disposal after use
Resistant to corrosion
Non-flammability (in case of fire, they do not support combustion and contribute to the extinction of the flame)
Long service life
Tightness and reliability of connections
Possibility of use for laying water pipes in moving soil.
Ability to maintain integrity under water hammer
Low thermal conductivity

Areas of use

I advise using PVC pipes for supplying water, the temperature of which is in the range from 0 to 45 degrees Celsius. Most often, such pipes are used in the construction of commercial or production facilities, even more often - when installing the sewage system.

Well, and a few more tips that I formed when working with such pipes:

1. When buying pipes for drinking water supply, be sure to check the certificate of conformity. You then drink this water.
2. Make sure that the wall has a constant thickness along its entire length, and the pipe itself is round.
3. If, when examining pipes, you see bumps or roughness on the surface of the plastic, go to another store.
4. Buy Italian or German pipes. Of course, the cost of Turkish products is less, but the quality is worse.

Polypropylene

These pipes are made from polypropylene, a chemical reaction of propylene with metal catalysts. In simple terms, I can say that the raw materials for them are white granules, which are melted at the plant and squeezed out through a special machine - an extruder.

Advantages and disadvantages

I really like these pipes and have often used them for construction. The main advantages are the following:

1. Ability to transfer high temperature liquid... Polypropylene becomes soft only at 140 degrees Celsius, and melts even at 175. Therefore, they are suitable for both hot and cold water supply. What can I say, and I made heating in the country from them.
2. Corrosion resistant... It cannot be compared with the metal that was previously used for plumbing. I laid pipes in a basement with high humidity, but in general they can be installed even in flooded rooms or in an aggressive environment.
3. Lack of electrical conductivity... Polypropylene is an insulator, so no static electricity, stray currents or galvanic fumes will cause you any discomfort.
4. Wear resistance... The considered type of pipes has a long service life. Even in my dacha, where the water in the heating system is not very clean, while I am not thinking about replacing it.

Although plastic pipes do not overgrow with mineral deposits, I recommend installing filters at the entrance to the apartment. This will protect the engineering system and household appliances from damage.

I can not help but note several shortcomings, because of which sometimes you have to look for alternative solutions:

1. Light sensitivity. If the pipelines are laid openly, that is, the sun will often shine on them, the pipes will turn yellow over time and lose their strength. But for the toilet and bath it does not matter, since there engineering Communication camouflaged by panels or laid inside walls.
2. Fragility. Although the pipes are bent, a careless blow, such as with a hammer, can destroy them.

Features of use

So, based on the above, I can say that pipes are excellent for installing cold and hot water supply. The maximum pressure of the liquid inside should not exceed 20 atmospheres, and the temperature should not exceed 95 degrees Celsius.

If the installation is done correctly, the water supply, according to the manufacturers, will last more than 100 years. Although this has not been confirmed by anyone, since polypropylene pipes did not appear at the beginning of the last century, but much later.

Polyethylene

To supply consumers with drinking water, polyethylene pipes made from polymerized ethylene gas are often used. They have all the advantages of plastic pipes, but differ from analogues in their very high plasticity.

The polyethylene pipe is so flexible that it is not sold in pieces, but in rolls. In addition, I can safely attribute to the advantages of this type of product:

• lack of rust and plaque on the pipe walls, even with prolonged use;
• very low weight;
• simplicity of designing complex engineering communications;
• durability;
• low cost.

Standard PE pipes cannot be used to transport hot water. When heated, polyethylene softens and becomes plastic, which can cause a breakthrough. In addition, the material has a high coefficient of linear expansion, and this leads to warpage and destruction of pipelines.

However, I have already met in stores a special type of polyethylene pipes that can transport liquid hot media. That is, hot water. A special polymer is used there, but I did not delve into the essence of the technology.

Such pipes have the following features:

• can be used for the installation of a pressure water supply system;
• able to withstand the internal pressure of the liquid, up to 10 atmospheres;
• can be operated at liquid temperatures from 20 to 110 degrees Celsius;
• suitable for installation of drinking water supply systems.

However, they are most often used for arranging main engineering systems, where the diameter of plastic pipes for a water supply reaches 100 centimeters or more.

Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX)

These pipes are highlighted in separate sections, since, thanks to a special production technology, they acquire unique properties that distinguish them from ordinary polyethylene products.

For those who do not know, the word "stitching" means a special procedure that takes place at the molecular level. And, of course, it has nothing to do with threads and needles.

Be that as it may, XLPE plastic pipes have the following features:

1. High strength... I want to note this separately. Even with prolonged operation in extreme conditions, when the temperature inside exceeds 90 degrees, the pipes will last for more than a dozen years. And maybe much more.
2. Form stability... If the pipes are not influenced from the outside, they retain their original shape and performance even if the water temperature rises to + 200 degrees Celsius.
3. No cracks... I have not yet encountered a situation where XLPE pipes cracked by themselves, without any external influence. Therefore, you can rest assured of the reliability of the designed and assembled water supply system.

The strength of the pipes is maintained even at negative air temperatures. I read about tests where the pipes were cooled down to -50 degrees Celsius.
And upon impact, they retained their integrity.

1. Flexibility and strength. Moreover, these parameters are in perfect balance. You and the pipes will be able to bend as needed, and at the same time they will retain the necessary strength throughout the entire service life.
2. Resistance to chemicals... Of course, this is not particularly important for a water supply system, but I will tell you anyway. Such pipes can be used not only for water supply, but also for the transportation of corrosive liquids.

Another point is abrasion resistance. Even if the water in your plumbing is not clean and pieces of sand or scale sometimes get into the glass, the products in question will withstand the effects of abrasives, retaining their characteristics as long as you need.

By the way, about the service life. It directly depends on the conditions in which they will be used:

• if the fluid pressure does not exceed 9 bar, and the temperature is 95 degrees, the service life will be at least 15 years;
• if the pressure is the same, and the temperature is two dozen degrees lower, the pipes will last more than half a century.

I personally recommend using pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene for heating installation. However, no one bothers to make a water supply out of them. Although the price will be slightly higher.

Reinforced plastic

In the last place in the order of presentation, but not in importance, I placed metal-plastic pipes. They represent layered cakeconsisting of several parts:

• food grade polyethylene with which water contacts inside the pipe;
• foil-clad reinforcing layer;
• dense outer polyethylene that protects the pipe from mechanical damage.

All these layers stick together special composition... Products acquire the flexibility of plastic and the strength of metal products. In addition, I consider a few more significant features:

• resistance to corrosion;
• frost resistance.

They can be bent in any direction. After bending, they retain their shape throughout the entire service life. I often used this property when you need to mount a complex engineering system in the house.

They can be used to transport liquid media with the following parameters:

• temperature up to + 95 degrees Celsius;
• pressure from 10 (if the temperature reaches 95 degrees) to 25 (at a temperature of 25 degrees);
• the maximum temperature of the liquid that does not destroy the inner layer of polyethylene is +130 degrees Celsius.

Additional elements for metal-plastic pipes - twisted, unscrewed and let water in.

Installation of metal-plastic pipes is as simple as possible. Connections are made using threaded fittings, and there is no need to make corners at all - you can just pipe at the desired angle by inserting a special spring inside.

Output

As you can see, the choice of pipes for installing plumbing systems is quite large. And I dare not give specific advice. Based on the information I have provided, you can easily choose yourself. And if you want to share your experience with buying water pipes, you can do it in the comments.

As a bonus, I can suggest watching the video in this article, which discusses other aspects of renovation in apartments and private houses.