Expansion of openings. Technology for expanding a doorway in a brick wall Opening expansion
Then you will certainly need to increase it. In an interior wall made of lightweight material, you can cut an opening of any shape, while an opening in bearing wall requires some attention.
What are the risks. Documentation
Not all factory doors are suitable for installation in an interior opening, which is especially true for those apartments that were built in soviet time... Only the expansion of the existing opening will save the situation. New door blocks have standard dimensions, which is very different from older products that have been in place for several decades.
Height or width can be great parameters. The problem can be solved due to the functional and decorative arrangement interior transition. The hole in the wall can be enlarged or reduced. Expanding an opening in a load-bearing wall is not always safe. If you plan to restore a partition that is not the functional basis of the building, nothing bad will happen. In this case, we are talking about walls made of aerated concrete, drywall or any other building material... But work can be troublesome when it comes to the need to transfer a metal profile.
If you want to increase the passage in the load-bearing wall, then such a reconstruction will be a redevelopment. In this case, work should be carried out in accordance with a separate project, which contains an engineering calculation for the redistribution of loads on the floor after the amount of changes made. When expanding the opening in the load-bearing wall, you should collect some documents that are prescribed by regional requirements. These should include:
- home ownership documentation;
- a certificate from the local BTI;
- an extract from the house book;
- reconstruction plan from an architectural organization;
- floor plan of construction;
- plan of all stages of work.
Ultimately, the decision to increase the passage can be a real red tape. This list of documents is not necessary for a tick, but for the safety of people who live in and around the apartment. If the load-bearing partition is unauthorizedly damaged, it can lead to the collapse of the wall and the collapse of part of the house. It is worth avoiding irreparable consequences by strengthening the opening.
Expansion calculations
If you have a door structure for which you can fit a hole in the wall, you can calculate the exact parameters. You should not cut the opening by eye; you must carry out accurate marking. You should measure the width and height of the existing door, width and thickness door framethat comes with the kit.
In the next step, you will need to find out what is the width of the trims that you plan to install. It is important to choose the right nut and measure its height. It may not exist. Before proceeding with the expansion of the opening in the load-bearing wall, you need to determine the width of the passage, which will be the sum of the thickness of the rack of the box, the width of the door leaf and technological gaps on each side of 2 cm.You can determine the height of the doorway by adding the height of the sill to the thickness of the box ... The process gap should be added to the value obtained.
Typically, the wall thickness is 75 mm. If other indicators are available, add-ons should be added when the walls are wider. An alternative solution would be to purchase a box with a narrow beam. Before proceeding with the expansion of the opening in the supporting wall, measurements and markings should be carried out, carrying out work with high accuracy. If the gaps are taken with a margin, they may not cover wide platbands when decorative finishing.
Arch calculation according to state standards
If you want to remove the arched vault when moving to an adjacent room, there is no way to avoid widening the crossing. Before making an arched opening, you should calculate it. The opening can be of any type of configuration. The shape of an arched vault can be any, while a curved bend can be attributed to a creative eye.
When constructing an opening in a load-bearing wall, it will be more difficult to make an arch of a classical shape with a correct bend of 45 cm, so you need to stock up on certain inventory to carry out calculations on a scale of 1 to 50. Among the tools and materials at hand, paper and compasses should be distinguished.
When calculating, you will have to use the Pythagorean theorem from the school curriculum: R² \u003d L² + (R²-H²). The well-known formula of Pythagoras made it possible to derive, and the masters of the construction field - to use the formula for calculating the radius of the circle of the arch in the opening. You will have to use the calculation based on the following formula: R \u003d L² + H² / 2H.
To determine the radius of the arch, you can use simpler, but not entirely accurate calculations. For this, a doorway of extended dimensions is depicted on paper. Previously, a cut of wallpaper was used for this. After that, a compass should be installed on the axis of symmetry and, changing the radius, draw several arcs. So you can pick up the best option, the remaining radii are then erased.
Where to begin
Before making an opening in the load-bearing wall, dismantle the old door structure and strengthen the opening. If work is carried out in the old panel house, then reinforcement can be done after the completion of the concrete cut. As for brick openings, they require special attention. When manipulating a brick wall, certain tools and materials should be prepared, such as:
- tie bolts;
- clamping channel;
- hairpins;
- metal corners;
- steel plates;
- cement solution;
- gas cutter;
- electric drill;
- grinder.
The tie bolts must have a diameter of 20 mm. The diameter of the studs is 16 mm. Steel plates should be made from sheet steel. Instead of a grinder, you can use an electric cutter or a gas cutter. Prepare diamond wheels for the angle grinder. You can cut concrete using a wide variety of tools, but diamond cutting is the most suitable option.
You will need jacks or supports for the period of work. When you need to cut a brick wall, you should also prepare a punch. The class of material used for reinforcement and the cross-section of the beam should be determined during preliminary load calculations.
The resulting figures should be entered into the design documentation for the redevelopment of the premises. The profile of the steel channel should fit into the thickness of the brick wall by about 25 cm. Taking this into account, its length is selected. To install the tie bolts, holes are made in the channel, there must be at least 3 of them. This will be sufficient for a medium length opening. The screeds along the channel are located at a distance of 50 cm.
Dismantling works
Before arranging a doorway in a load-bearing wall, first you need to create a markup on a plane. The process will be somewhat easier if you use diamond cutting. An excellent option would be circles that reach a depth of cuts up to 10 cm. During operation, the walls are wetted with water, which will reduce dust formation. It is important to remember about safety measures, namely:
- protective suit;
- respirator;
- gloves;
- special glasses.
The device of the doorway in the load-bearing wall provides for double-sided operation. It will be necessary to cut from different sides due to the massiveness of the partition. Before dismantling work, the opening is reinforced. The best option to increase the reliability of the load-bearing partition, it will be the use of welded frames, which are pulled together with studs through the walls.
When expanding a doorway in a load-bearing concrete wall, work in small areas in the form of squares or rectangles. In brick partitions, a through-cut is usually made, while the blocks themselves must be knocked down with a perforator, then you can use a sledgehammer if necessary. When it comes to concrete, you should not use a hammer drill for it. The vibration impact can be destructive for the panel, which will lead to the formation of microcracks and weaken the entire structure. Brick walls require a different approach.
Additional opening requirements and standards
Before you start increasing the opening in the load-bearing wall, you must figure out what kind of building work is being done. If the building is block or panel, and it was not designed by MNIITEP or Mosproektomtul, then the doorway can be made. But certain requirements will be imposed on him.
For example, the opening must be removed from outer wall or from an existing opening in a load-bearing wall at a distance of 1 m. When arranging an opening in a load-bearing wall, craftsmen quite often ask themselves what the width of the box should be. Typically this value is 900 mm. Rarely, and in some series, the opening width is between 1000 and 1200 mm. However, this value should not be exceeded.
If you started expanding the doorway in the load-bearing wall, and the building was designed by MNIITEP, then such work may be prohibited if the apartment is located on the first or second floor. This is due to the fact that in these cases the remaining sections of the wall will not correspond to the strength calculations under load from the higher floors. MNIITEP can permit and perform the expansion of the doorway in the load-bearing wall in only one partition. From this, it should be concluded that the capabilities of the opening device and its location, as well as the dimensions will be determined by the organization that is the author of the project.
The property owner will need to obtain a technical opinion on the safety and acceptability of redevelopment. On the basis of the conclusion and design documentation, the relevant coordinating body will issue a permit for repairs. When expanding the opening in a brick bearing wall, SNiP 3.03.01-87 should be used, where the requirements for the enclosing and supporting structures are spelled out.
Expansion methods and features of work
You can use one of several methods to expand the opening. The method can be rough, in this case they use:
- sledgehammer;
- puncher;
- jackhammer.
At the first stage, it is necessary to outline the contours on the wall, and then, using tools, knock down excess material. This process is quite laborious, and microcracks formed due to shock loading can cause a decrease in the strength of the wall. The opening in the load-bearing wall can be enlarged using dry cutting. Here you need a grinder, with the help of which it is quite simple to increase the opening along the outlined contour. The disadvantage of this process is that the wall should be cut on both sides.
Dry cutting creates a lot of dust and you will experience rapid wear on the diamond blade. Cutting can also be wet. This method is accompanied by the use of a spray gun, with which you can irrigate the surface while working with an angle grinder. It would be more rational to use a construction cutter with diamond disc... It must have a large diameter. You should additionally use a water tank.
Things to consider before starting work
Before enlarging a doorway in a load-bearing wall, you must make sure that there are no hidden wiring, pipes or fittings inside the partition. There may be a chimney inside. In order to get detailed information, you should use a metal detector. When any obstacles are found, they can be removed by moving the electrical wiring to another place or stepping back from the chimney 300 mm. If there are pipes inside, they are dismantled and transferred, but this will require the help of a specialist.
The main stages of increasing the opening
The re-planning of the opening in the load-bearing wall at the first stage involves the removal of extrusions and platbands using a nail puller. It is necessary to remove the canvas from the hinges by lifting it from below with a crowbar. Vertical posts must be cut off with a grinder and torn off with a nail puller. If the height of the opening in the load-bearing wall is increased, the upper lintel must be torn off. Otherwise, it is left in place.
The magnification contour should be marked around the perimeter. Holes are made along the marking line with an impact drill to simplify dismantling work. On each side, you need to cut the panel. After cutting the reinforcement with blows with a sledgehammer, it is necessary to remove the remnants of the wall. The opening should be reinforced with metal corners, rod pieces or strips.
Finally
Now you know the parameters of the maximum opening in the bearing wall. But this is not enough for successful work. For example, if you want to work with brick wall, then you need to exclude its collapse. A floor beam should be installed above the doorway. A reinforced concrete beam or a metal channel can be used as it. On top of the opening, you need to cut a niche by going to the walls. A beam is laid there. All voids above and below it are filled with concrete.
As soon as the concrete hardens, the opening can be expanded. To do this, use a cutter to cut through the brickwork along the contour. The cut-out opening must be smaller than the top-mounted beam. The cutter should be directed perpendicular to the wall. If you want to move the opening in the bearing wall, then you will have to cut it on both sides, because the partition is more than 10 cm thick.
Apartment renovation is often accompanied by a change in size or transfer of door and window openings... Expansion of the existing opening is also required when replacing old door on a modern, often not the same size as the previously installed door.
Note right away that the extension doorways is a redevelopment, and must be approved by the relevant departments of the housing inspection. Such work, performed without special calculations to redistribute the load in load-bearing structures, leads not only to penalties, but also to the likely collapse of the wall and bringing the house into disrepair.
In block houses modern construction it is prohibited to expand the openings. The blocks carry the load along the entire perimeter, therefore, their redevelopment will lead to a violation of the calculated load parameters and distortion of the structure geometry.
The opening must exactly match the dimensions new door, so you need to correctly determine its dimensions. The following measurements must be taken:
- The height and width of the new door.
- The thickness and width of the door frame.
- Sizes of platbands.
- Nut height.
The opening width is the sum of the width door leaf, the thickness of the rack of the box, the size of the technological gaps. If the width of the box is less than the thickness of the wall in which the passage is arranged, then additional elements will have to be mounted.
The height of the opening is calculated by adding the height of the sill, the height of the door, the thickness of the box and the size of the gap. The marking of the opening on the wall is performed with great accuracy, so that when decorative finishing the door, the platbands completely cover the technological gaps.
Horizontal reinforcement of openings
Expansion of openings in load-bearing walls, as well as in brick partitions, is performed with mandatory reinforcement metal profile... Openings in concrete walls can be reinforced after the dismantling of the wall is completed, brick partitions are reinforced before dismantling the bricks to prevent the upper rows from collapsing.
Channel beams are used as amplifiers. The corner profile can be used in brick partitions that are not load-bearing and for strengthening the vertical parts of openings. Consider reinforcing an opening in a brick wall as the most common operation.
First, in accordance with the redevelopment project, the future outline of the opening is marked on the wall. The top line of the opening must line up with the masonry joint. Holes are drilled at the corners of the contour through the wall, and the same markings are made along them on the other side of the wall.
Next, proceed to the device of the channel jumper. For this, grooves (grooves) are cut in the wall, corresponding to the size of the metal profile. The grooves should protrude 0.5 m beyond the edges of the opening in both directions, since, according to the rules, the width of the crossbar should exceed the width of the opening by at least 1 m.
Holes for tie bolts are pre-drilled in the metal profile. The channel is inserted into the prepared grooves and fixed with cement mortar. After the mortar has frozen, the wall is drilled through through the holes in the beam, the wall is grooved on the other side, and the channel bar is also mounted. Both profiles are connected with steel pins.
After the horizontal bar is installed, 2-3 rows of bricks are disassembled under it and steel plates are welded to the beams for final reinforcement. The installation of the lintel is completed, you can start dismantling the masonry.
Vertical reinforcement of openings
When expanding doorways in load-bearing walls, additional reinforcement is made with vertical metal posts, especially if the width of the opening is more than 1.5 m.
For the device of vertical struts, a pair of channel profiles are used, which are connected with threaded fasteners and steel plates. The vertical reinforcement is welded to the horizontal lintel to create a rigid structure.
Channels for vertical reinforcement of the opening are mounted in the same way as a horizontal metal crossbar.
Reinforcement of the opening with a corner profile
Expansion of doorways in interior brick partitions that are not load-bearing can be reinforced with a corner metal profile. The corners do not require deep grooving of the wall; it is enough to make grooves into which the shelves will completely enter.
The opening is reinforced on both sides of the wall by tying the beams and racks with studs with a pitch of no more than 30 cm (at least 3 studs are used in any case). As in the case of channel reinforcement, the vertical corners are welded to the horizontal lintel.
Dismantling walls when expanding the opening
It is permissible to dismantle the concrete wall before strengthening. The concrete is removed according to the markings in small square or rectangular pieces. Preliminarily, holes are drilled along the outlined lines with a pitch of 3-4 cm, then they are connected together, cutting the wall with a grinder with a disc on concrete.
They hit the center of the concrete squares with a hammer, knock them out of the wall and carefully remove them. If the wall is reinforced, then the freed reinforcement is cut off with a grinder saw. During dismantling, props or jacks are used.
Expansion of existing openings in concrete walls should not be carried out with a jackhammer or a powerful hammer drill, as strong vibrations of the tool cause resonance in the thickness of the wall and disrupt the bonds between concrete and reinforcement, which leads to cracks and weakening of the structure. After dismantling a section of a concrete wall, the opening is reinforced with a metal profile.
The brick wall near the opening is dismantled after the reinforcing structure is installed. Bricks are removed carefully so as not to cause collapse. Disassembly of the wall begins from the top, from the reinforcing lintel.
First, the masonry mortar is removed from the seams with a perforator or a drill with a flat nozzle, then the bricks are taken out or broken into small parts with a chisel and hammer. The contour of the opening is cut off with a grinder. If the dismantling area is large, then you can clean the opening along the contour, and break the inside of the masonry with a sledgehammer.
When the openings are widened, a lot of dust is formed, so all work is carried out in a closed work suit, a respirator and goggles.
Expansion of a window opening
Changing the size of window openings is carried out using impact-dynamic tools (perforators, drills, etc.) or by the method of diamond cutting.
Window openings, as well as doorways, need reinforcement if they are located in load-bearing walls. First, dismantle the old window frame and mark the contour of the new opening on the wall. Then they beat off the extra pieces of the wall with a sledgehammer or puncher.
In the case of a hammer drill, cracks may appear in the concrete wall, reducing its strength. Therefore, the expansion of openings in panel houses is best done by diamond cutting. In addition, after diamond cutting, the contours of the opening remain even and do not require additional processing.
The side parts of the new opening are sealed with cement mortar or other plastering material. After completing the work, you can install a new window.
Offers from the MosKomplekt company
Expansion of openings, like any redevelopment, requires special care and vocational training... Our company has been engaged in the construction and renovation of private houses and public buildings for over 7 years. Contact us and we will carry out work on the reconstruction of door and window openings in your apartment with high quality.
Our prices
The table shows approximate prices for widening openings in concrete and brick walls using manual diamond cutting. The final cost of the work is determined after assessing the complexity and conditions of the work.
| Wall thickness, cm | Unit rev. | Price, rub |
| Concrete walls | ||
| up to 10 cm | r.m. | from 750 |
| 11-12 cm | r.m. | from 950 |
| 13-15 cm | r.m. | from 1750 |
| 16-18 cm | r.m. | from 1945 |
| 19-20 cm | r.m. | from 2400 |
| 21-22 cm | r.m. | from 2950 |
| 23-24 cm | r.m. | from 3540 |
| 25-28 cm | r.m. | from 3900 |
| 29-35 cm | r.m. | from 4450 |
| 36-40 cm | r.m. | from 4780 |
| Brick walls | ||
| 1/4 brick (6-8 cm) | r.m. | from 550 |
| 1/2 brick (12.5 cm) | r.m. | from 740 |
| 1 brick (25 cm) | r.m. | from 1450 |
| 1.5 bricks (37-40 cm) | r.m. | from 2430 |
| 2 bricks (50 cm) | r.m. | from 3450 |
| 3 bricks (75 cm) | r.m. | |
When replacing a door or arranging an archway, it may need to be expanded. If a light partition between rooms is undergoing reconstruction, plasterboard or similar material from which it is made, you can cut and saw as you like. This will not affect the strength of the building. Load-bearing walls are another matter, the damage of which can lead to irreparable consequences. Any of their reconstruction should be carried out in accordance with a separate project containing the calculation of the redistribution of the load after changes are made.
Calculation of the dimensions of the arched lintel.
Where to start dismantling?
First, it is required to strengthen the openings in the load-bearing walls. In concrete buildings, it can be carried out after the end of the work, but the brick structure must be taken care of at the very beginning in order to prevent its destruction. To do this, set at the top metal beam, under which a niche is sawn in the masonry. Its depth is about half a brick. All voids above and below the beam are filled with concrete.
IN preparatory work and the following materials and tools are used directly to increase the opening:
The scheme of insulation and strengthening of a wooden door.
- steel channel (beam with a cross-section in the shape of the letter "P");
- tie bolts 20 mm or metal studs 16 mm in diameter;
- steel plates (sheet steel);
- metal corner;
- cement mortar;
- electric drill;
- an electric cutter, a gas saw or a grinder with a diamond wheel;
- jacks or other supports during work;
- hammer drill (only for bricks).
Holes for tie bolts are drilled in the channels in advance, at least 3 pieces. The distance between them should be at least 50 cm. The length of the channel is chosen so that it fits 25-35 cm into the brick walls on both sides of the opening. The required section of the used beam, as well as the class of metal from which it should be made, is determined during load calculations and introduced into the redevelopment project.
Related article: Living room interior planning
How to strengthen the structure?
Door frame device diagram.
Brick buildings require a particularly careful approach. In a pre-sawn niche, even before the opening is widened, it is necessary to fix the channel (best of all on cement mortar). Through the holes in it, the wall is drilled through.
Then, on the opposite side, a second channel with holes is installed in the same way. The beams are tied together with tightening bolts or studs with washers and nuts on both sides. Further work can be done only after the solution has completely hardened.
To prevent the brick from collapsing from above, the channels are connected along the lower shelves, for which steel plates 5-6 mm thick are welded to them. Their pitch should be approximately equal to the pitch of the tie bolts.
If the new width of the openings in the brick walls exceeds 1.5 m, they should be reinforced with uprights. They are also made from steel strips, which are welded to the lower shelves of the channels. The vertical posts, in turn, need to be interconnected with transverse plates inside the opening.
The most reliable design is considered to be a structure consisting of two welded frames. Frames can be made from channels. They are placed on both sides of the opening, and then pulled together with pins through the load-bearing walls.
This method of strengthening is the most expensive, therefore, it is necessary to resort to it only if the opening is widened to a great height. It can also be recommended for heavy loads, especially on the lower floors of multi-storey buildings.
Features of dismantling concrete and brick walls
Scheme of a channel for strengthening the opening.
The cuts should be carried out according to the previously made markings. Both the electric handheld cutter and the gas cutter are equipped with a diamond wheel, sufficient for a cut depth of up to 10 cm.
These tools provide continuous wetting during operation, minimizing dust formation.
According to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation "Chapter 4. RE-CONSTRUCTION AND RE-PLANNING OF THE PREMISES IN THE APARTMENT BUILDING", as well as the Decree of the Moscow Government No. 508 PP ( download the decree in.pdf), any changes in a brick or concrete bearing wall are redevelopment and are almost always subject to strengthening, with the necessary approvals, permits and changes to the BTI plan.
However, an extension is often required to install front door a few centimeters. How to be in this case? Based on our experience, these works are ordered by apartment owners without approval.
At the same time, an important remark should be made, if you decide to carry out work without a project and coordination - do not do it yourself, then you can avoid unforeseen and unpleasant situations. This is important when you need to expand the doorway in a panel house, for example, in a concrete wall of an apartment of the p-44 series or a wall made of aerated concrete, since these house structures are prefabricated (constructor). This is especially dangerous for a doorway in a brick wall.
EXPANSION OF THE WINDOW OPENING IN A BRICK WALL
Window enlargement good way add light to your living space. In practice, the expansion of a window opening in a brick wall differs significantly from openings in a panel or monolithic house.
During construction, a beam or lintel made of concrete or metal (corner, channel) is laid above each opening on top of the window. The purpose of this beam is to hold the brickwork and redistribute the load. If this is not taken into account, with an increase in the opening, cracking, and in some cases the collapse of the brickwork, is possible.
Initially, it is necessary to investigate the structure of the window, obtain data on the type of the beam and its dimensions. Expansion is accomplished by installing a new, longer beam / lintel and removing the old one.
During overhaul a situation may arise when the dimensions of the old opening for the installation of new, stylish, wide doors are clearly too small. If manipulations occur with interior partition, special problems will not arise - harmful consequences from such a local reconstruction will not arise and the work can be done independently.
However, if the property owners have planned to implement a project on expansion of openings in load-bearing walls, it is advisable to enlist the help of qualified performers. The main feature of the load-bearing wall is to ensure the safety and integrity of the overall structure of the building, so any destructive effects can lead to an undesirable outcome.
When, one cannot do without expanding the existing opening of standard dimensions:
- In the process of redeveloping an apartment;
- When it is urgent to replace old and install new window and door structures;
- If you choose the wrong approach and the wrong technique, the appearance of cracks and other internal defects in the wall will not take long.
A team of responsible professional specialists take a comprehensive approach to solving these issues.
Procedure
- Departure to the object;
- Carrying out an initial inspection of the opening with a choice the best way dismantling;
- Coordination of the selected technological procedure with the customer (with additional recommendations);
- Direct execution of the plans renovation works within a clearly specified time frame with a quality guarantee;
- Installation of reinforcing metal structures (if necessary);
- Complete elimination of the consequences of the repair.
When large furniture or bulky equipment is brought into the room.
Today, diamond cutting is the best solution for sawing concrete and brick walls. Shock-free impact on the surface allows you to maintain the nominal strength of the wall, achieve the ideal geometry of the opening and practically get rid of dust spreading throughout the room.
Due to the observance of building codes and safety rules at the facility, competent craftsmen are able to expand almost any opening with further reinforcement with the help of a metal frame.
Rates
Takes into account individual parameters:
- The sizes of the cut fragments;
- The complexity of the work;
- amount running meters cutting;
- The need to use special equipment;
- Removal of construction waste, etc.
To carry out an accurate calculation of the final cost, it is better to contact the consultant manager of the repair and construction organization and settle all your questions by telephone. If the thickness of the brick or concrete wall does not exceed 25 cm, experienced craftsmen use a hand cutter, and a powerful hydraulic wall saw may be required to eliminate thick-walled areas.
It is important to understand that only true professionals can give guarantees of safety and efficiency of the entire range of work. First-class experts, according to a well-thought-out algorithm, will dismantle the wall structures as soon as possible.
Pay particular attention to reinforcing the opening
To strengthen the opening in a brick wall, in a special niche above the opening, a solid reinforced concrete beam or a metal channel is installed. To fill the resulting voids, it is used concrete mortar... In order for the protective frame made of steel corners to be reliable and durable and form an integral structure, it is connected to brickwork with anchor bolts.
An identical scheme is used to strengthen the opening in the bearing concrete wall. The only difference is technological process there is no preliminary reinforcement with corners - it is enough to install rolled metal around the perimeter. If the room does not have fine finishing - a construction site, a reconstructed object, then - this is perfect option... In a residential building, it is advisable to use more gentle methods, applying construction vacuum cleaner to eliminate dust and provide waterproofing that prevents possible leakage of coolant to the lower floors.
16 december 2017
