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What is "Fux" and how to build with the use of this technology and in this style

Fig. 1. The wooden frame of the half-timed house consists of racks, beams, riggers, ducts, struts, upper and lower strappings.

After the construction of the house at the next stage, the walls are filled with fascine panels (in Europe, fascines are flying or knit from IV rods, and in East Asia - bamboo), decepted clay, saman raw bricks or, as well as from natural stone.

Brick inserts are attached to the frame on the pins inserted with one edge in the beams or racks. One more ancient way Fastening brick inserts to the frame is to use triangular rails, which are fixed around the perimeter of the rumble to the inner surfaces of the frame. At the same time, the triangular grooves under these rails are cut into extreme bricks.

Fig. 2. The strength and rigidity of the frame gives the use of various types of thickening compounds and wrinkles, fixed to increase the strength of wooden brazers.

Inevitably generated between the inserts and parts of the frame houses of the gap in the older caught wool mixed with lime, and then attached to the limestone.

AT modern conditions The sealing of the slots perform approximately the same way, but apply more technological industrialized sealing and decoration Materials.

In addition, to turn the half-timbered building into a house that meets the modern requirements for the comfort of living, the walls must be insulated and arrange additional sound insulation.

However, it is suitable for additional heat and sound insulation, as a rule, from the inside of the walls, trying not to violate the traditional, historically established architectural style of the half-timbling building.

According to the established tradition, wooden beams frame paint in dark red, brown or even black. On the plaster, the wooden frame also by tradition, they will drag the "fatty" black line so that the framework details seem thicker, massive and durable. Moreover, this reception is used both in Germany and in China. Very often, the plastered panels are decorated with various vegetable ornaments, coat of arms, inscriptions or other images. If the filling is brick, then different geometrically correct, repeating patterns are laid out of the brick.

Most often, the source material for the main element of the first grade - filling is clay, as it is not true, it is widely distributed everywhere and it is possible to get it without causing any damage to the surrounding environment. Clay is an fine-grained sedimentary breed, dusty in a dry state and plastic during moisture. The diameter of its particles does not exceed 0.005 mm, but when compliance with the traditional technology of the construction of half-timbered buildings, dust is not formed during the subsequent operation.

Another common filling material is a ceramic brick. The main raw material for its production is the clay described above, and therefore at the stage of operation a brick is safe for people's health. However, when evaluating the degree of influence of ceramic materials on the environment, high energy consumption and industrial emissions at the stage of their production should be taken into account.

Occasionally used as filling natural stone. In most cases, the natural stone is friendly to a person, besides, in its natural state, it has the necessary construction properties, most importantly of which is durability. In the half-timbered construction, the natural stone is applied without any additional processing, so there are no waste, and when using local stone materials, loads and the environment associated with its extraction and transportation are reduced.

The roof of the half-timbered houses, as a rule, makes from traditional materials: tiles, cane and plates of natural or industrial slate. In wet climatic conditions, they cover the walls of buildings. Currently, the slate has already ceased to produce asbestos, replacing it with other safe fibrous materials to human health.

However, when choosing modern building materials and technologies, it is necessary to exhibit certain caution and diligence, since not all of them are combined with the historically established and peculiar architectural style of half-timbered buildings.

So, for external window sills and external naschalnki, it is not necessary to use wood of coniferous rocks. Even with the processing of its modern protective equipment, it has a limited service life.

For these purposes, it is better to use traditional oak, although it is more difficult in processing, and it is much more expensive.

It is also not necessary to get involved in wide care for entrance doors and an entry gate, since heavy hints will inevitably lead to the deformations of wooden racks and beams of the frame. The distance between adjacent wooden racks should not exceed 120 cm, or, if it is still necessary to increase, steel structures should be used.

Fig.3. The project of the modern house in the style of Fakhverk with all the elements of this traditional architecture and technology.

It should also be carefully approaching the use of modern insulating and sealing materials when filling the half-timbered framework. The fact is that historically the walls of the half-timbered houses have always had a gap. This allowed for many decades to avoid rotting wooden framework details due to effective natural ventilation. When using modern sealing materials, it is necessary to provide special ventilation gaps and channels, which is not always possible to do without disturbing the traditional style of the half-timbered home.

Among the parts that are poorly combined with traditional directions in the flash architecture, metal doors can be distinguished with a large glazing area, especially if they have many decorative elements of a rounded form. Absolutely not suitable for the graded house modern plastic windows with wide processes devoid small details Binding. Such windows can completely destroy the architectural style and nature of the building. The similar effect is achieved and then when window Operas Set the "step" in relation to nearby horizontal beams or bars of strapping. We should not forget that the intersecting beams and racks must divide the walls of the wall on even rectangles of the correct form. Clear rectangles and squares are completely inappropriate on the facade of the house.

Unlike constructive elements At home, when choosing a way to finish, decorative parts and color shades, the possibility is significantly wider. The frame and its filling can be both contrasting colors and painted in two close shade of one color, and even in the same color.

According to the old German tradition at the end construction work The half-timbered house decorate the branches of deciduous trees and arrange a festival of the newly skid.

Fakhverk is not only construction technology, but also architectural style

Despite the centuries-old history and more than a solid age, the Fakhverk retains popularity in modern home-building.

The half-timber is a frame design of a wooden bar, consisting of a system of racks, beams, riglels, squeaks and strapping. It is the presence of separations, as well as a wide variety of compounds, fixed by wooden bellows and a rigging rigidity, distinguishes the half-timber from other types of frame house-building. Another difference lies in the fact that the elements of the frame are not hidden under the trim, and protruding from the flat surface of the walls, visually dismembering the walls on the geometric sections and giving the building texture clarity and expressiveness. Space between wooden bars The frame is filled with a variety of building materials, and the walls themselves are covered with plaster.

On a note

In antiquity, almost any rebunny material was used in the old-fach houses as a placeholder of the walls: clay, sinters, saman (mixture of clay with reed or straw), broken stone and even construction trash. The rich townspeople filled the intercrowl space with wooden carved panels.

To do not drink from above

Very often in half-timbered structures, floor ledges are used: the upper floors hang over the lower, forming a kind of step ledges. You might think that the goal is to increase the area of \u200b\u200beach subsequent floor. Partly this is. But this is only a consequence, and most importantly consisted in the other. Such ingenious ways, medieval architects were protected by unreleased saming walls with a wooden frame from a destructive moisture, from which the facades of buildings with high frontones and a large number of windows suffered.

Modern option

Today, instead of an ordinary bar, glued, more durable and minimal exposed to deformations and cracking is most often used instead of an ordinary timber. The glued bars and beams made in the factory conditions may have a different cross section and non-standard length (up to 18 m), which allows you to implement any architectural ideas. In addition to the glued timber in modern half-timbered homes, the carrier frame of metal thermopropil can be used. It can be embedded in the half-timbered frame of a modern fiber insulation, although due to the presence of the separation, this procedure becomes notably complicated, because in the thickness of the insulation, in no case should remain empty "pockets".

Tradition and innovation

More expensive, but a very effective option "insulation" - energy-saving glass windows-you. The facades can be glazed almost 100%, while the house creates a unique spirit, which could be called the kingdom of space and light. The use of a large amount of glass does not affect the strength of the building. Custom glass windows with low-emission glass (I-glass, K-glass) make it possible to achieve a low level of heat loss that corresponds to modern standards in heat supporting residential buildings. What in combination with modern systems Heating provides heat and comfort with very modest energy consumption. Well, in order to burn out from immodest eyes, it is enough just to delay the curtains.

Facrokrock on "Simplified"

Supervises a simplified version - the outer and interior finish of the house in the style of the head. It lies in the fact that wooden decorative elements, imitating racks, beams and half-timbered frames are pasted on plastered walls. These wooden parts are painted, as a rule, in a dark contrasting color. Such a solution applies to houses built in different styles from different materials. Under the elegant half-timbered "skin" any constructive "skeleton" can be hidden: a frame, an unrestogulous timber, a brick or foam blocks.

Facrous frame house with their own hands - an example of a project and construction

The reputation of houses of a frame type, including half-timbered, undermined in our country.

Maybe not hopelessly, but seriously enough. There are a lot of reasons for this. After all, we all dreamed of the cheapest and affordable houses. And when at the end of the last century, in the domestic market, they finally appeared relatively inexpensive and energy-efficient frame structures (for some reason they were immediately called Canadian, although they often had no relation to Canada), everyone was delighted.

Here it is! It happened! Simple I. warm house! But instead of adopting the western experience in the construction and operation of such houses and creatively process it in order to adapt to the Russian conditions, customers and builders rushed to save on everything and all.

The ideology of the customer, however, is quite understandable: to pay smaller, but get bigger. As a result, the "Canadian" houses first lost air heating and cooling systems. Followed in the fly and the system of forced supply-exhaust ventilation.

Builders also contributed both to the "economy" of building materials and to simplify structures, which was often fraught with very unpleasant consequences. "The combined efforts" in a matter of years led to the fact that most customers still do not want to hear about skew houses.

As a result, builders who know how to build good frame structures, for 15 years they have been trying to restore their renome and prove that frame house It was, and, perhaps, for a long time will remain the most inexpensive, technological, energy efficient and economical in operation type of structure.

They have to in practice to prove their right thing to be implemented by each customer, demonstrating the objects delivered. And advanced builders even develop new framework technologies, profitable ... (Do not be surprised!) For the customer.

However, unfortunately, the distrust has rooted somewhere very deeply, and, probably, that is why the volumes frame construction grow extremely slow. But, fortunately, they grow up.

How to return Prestige carcass?

It was above this issue in 2007, designers and builders of Zaoksky expanses and landscapes thought. They developed a fairly simple and clear modular design and construction system of half-timbered homes, the essence of which is reduced to the following. The house frame is assembled from glue racks and beams with a cross section of 200 x 180 mm.

At the same time, the racks are mounted with a strictly defined step - approximately 2.5 m (from where it follows that the system is modular), which corresponds to the double width of sheet cabarton sheets, CPSP and OSP-slabs used to cover the framework, and, therefore, reduces Minimum amount of waste.

In addition, such a powerful frame, which remains visible outside and from the inside, as is customary in the front, ensures the strength and reliability of the collected design. It is curious that at the same time it does not have all sorts of pumps and the like elements peculiar to the classic step.

Instead of them, the stiffness of the design gives the sheets of OSP or CSP, mounted by the verses in the frames of the frame (the technology of filling out the openings is Know-how).

To connect wooden framework elements with each other, original unified nodes were developed (in total about ten), which is convenient for designers - now they immediately create not only the project of the house, but also a special file that allows you to manage automated linemanufacturing required racks and beams.

No less convenient for the new system and builders. After all, ready-made details with connecting cups and spikes come to the construction site and even with grooves for the installation of metal connecting elements (they are also used in the design).

At the same time, nothing is required to be customized - choose the desired fragment of the brought packs (the assembly is carried out in a strictly defined order, which cannot be broken), mount into place and fix the compound of the metal part specified in the accompanying documentation (tugar screws, metal perforated elements, etc. are used. P. - The need to use each of them defines the designer).

If some part is not suitable, the collector (it is more correct to call it this way), not trying to fit on its own, as it is usually accepted at the construction site, stops and causes the Proba.

However, the advantages of the new system are not exhausted. Since the design being created is not exposed to shrinkage, it is permissible to install large-sized double glazing windows directly to the perfumes formed by a frame, saving thus on their expensive frame framing. But that's not all.

The created design can be insulated to the degree of energy efficiency required by the customer. Wants a client to build a passive house - no problem.

Facrow house on the slope

On the construction of a graded house with a total area of \u200b\u200b302 m 2 by the company "Zaokskiy and landscapes" on its own technology, it is quite detailed in the photo report from the construction site. We will add only some comments.

Location of development is located near the Museum-Reserve "Polenovo". The terrain there is quite hilly, the height difference from one edge of the site acquired by customers to another was about 6 m.

The height difference in the "Stain of the Development" is 1.5 m, which forced the builders to make a stepped pile-painted foundation and the ground overlap. The steps inside the house helped not conditionally, and actually divide the internal space of the first floor to the residential and public zone with the ceilings of different heights. Residential premises of the second floor are located at one level.

Add a few words about saving money ... customer.

If you build a similar house in modern, but, for example, standard half-timbered technology, then due to an increase in the material consideration and elongation of the construction time it will cost about 500 thousand rubles. more expensive. And if extensive window openings are filling in glass packages inserted into the frame, admitting warm aluminum, the cost of construction will increase by about 800 thousand rubles. And, as it seems to us, the customer, moving in new house, I will be happy to spend savings, for example, to furnishings.

Facrow House - Project and Construction: Photo

Topics with the construction of houses in half-timing technology traditionally enjoy increased attention from users. The developers primarily attracts spectacular, "under ancient", the appearance of such a structure.

But in Russia rarely meet the authentic header. That is, the reasons, the main of which is to build a house on the technology of the Fakhverk, far from all. It affects a large volume manual labor and the complexity of all technological steps. In addition, the lack of practical information is acute, because Most of the benefits, instructions and examples are shown on foreign languages and collected on foreign sites.

Therefore, the majority of developers are forced to imitate the half-timber, making the layout of the "Under Facrek" from the boards, by the facade of the CSP slab or OSP. The more interesting the theme of the user of our portal with Nick ASX_75, building "in one helmet" small, but the "honest" phacomkny house.

So, in this article:

• Features of the first
• How to build a house on the technology of the header.
• Tools and materials.

Features of the flash technology

Fackwerk (it. Fachwerk) is a framework erected from wooden beams. The feature of the technology is a wooden, the feudless-beam frame of the house is not sewn outside and remains in sight. The space between the racks, drives and beams is filled with brick, less often a stone or, as an option, a straw, cane or reed, mixed with clay, which is then plastered.

This gives the house architectural expressiveness, awareness and at the same time imposes a significant restriction on the use of this technology in our harsh climate.

The fact is that the frame made from a large cross section (for example, 200x200 or 200x250 mm) is a significant cold bridge. In addition, gaps may appear between the aggregate and wooden elements of the structure ("living" material). The wall will begin to blow by the wind. Open frame (wood) due to the negative impact of atmospheric phenomena (sunlight, snow, rain, frequent transitions through "0") is subjected to enhanced wear. This leads to the need to regularly repair and update the facade.

In Europe, the climate is softer than in Russia, and half-timbered homes with proper care are worth not one hundred years.

In addition, the half-timbered frame itself is assembled according to the "Ship-Paz" technology braided and using a variety of compounds - wrinkles, connections in drapery, semi-fertility, etc. It requires good carpentry skills and "naked" hands.

But all these disadvantages go to the background when you see a real half-timbered home. And, "honest", because Imitation of the header, even skillfully performed and remains imitation.

This header will not leave anyone indifferent.

The main error of developers trying to symot - Selection of non-sewing boards for their layouts on the facade. As a result, the monumentality of the structure is lost, because the frame in the headband carries the main loadAccordingly, it requires powerful beams, drives and racks. Boards with a section 150 / 100x25 mm (frequently used for imitation of the half-timbered) look like ordinary decorative "non-relief" on the facade.

Second error - pursuit of ideal layout geometry and bringing the surface of the boots to shine. At that time, if you look at a real half-timber, it can be seen that the timber has irregularities, natural bends, defects, swirls, cracks, etc. Those. Wood "Living", and its natural beauty is not "killed" excessive mechanical processing.

All this works on authenticity, and most importantly - the formation layout should be conducted not as "more beautiful seems" or "how you have to do", and strictly in accordance with the canons of the Facrow- where each element of the frame is not just like that, but is in its place.

If you have to imitate the first, then you first need to look at a not one dozen photos of old European half-timbered homes. Calculate the essence of the frame elements, understand how they work in a single system are linked to each other, and then try to repeat them on the facade.

The beams, drives, racks in the header perform a purely practical function - carry and redistributed the load.

The real beauty of the flash is in the functionality of the frame, Where there is no place to be extensive details and cordial decorations.

How to build a real half-timbered house in Russia

The simplicity of the header (forms), not to be confused with the technology, can play a keen joke with a man who decided to repeat it. At first glance it seems that you can see pictures, buy a bar, take up the chainsaw and proceed to work. Such an approach will lead to a deplorable result.

Faxo starts with the acquisition of deep knowledge of this type of construction and project preparation.

We will have to spend time and explore the key elements of the half-timbered home and how they are done. The indicative example is the operation asx_75.

I have been to Germany. I saw the "live" so that I liked the real half-timber. He studied him, made photos, read recommendations, visited thematic sites. When he returned to Russia, he decided to reproduce the "Corner of Europe" on garden plotbecause There was a need to build a bath. I will say right away - I am not a professional builder. Much in my work was done on the Nativity, something is not for the canons of Fakhverka, somewhere I thought myself. Worked one and with a minimum set of tools.

Looking forward, we will demonstrate a photo of what has already happened from the participant of our portal (the house is now in the process of building the roof).

Now we return in 2016 and proceed to the description of the erection process.

To build a frame, and then fill it with foam blocks (this is a departure from the classics of the half-timber, and why asx_75 chose him, we describe a little later), I had to try.

Interesting prehistory of this project. According to the user, at first there was an idea to build on the bath site. To do this, he chose a half-timbered frame, because I considered that it will not work out of bricks or blocks of units. The initial idea was as follows - the framework is made, and the space is sewn with OSP plates with subsequent insulation and installation of vapor and waterproofing.

But in the process of the construction of the frame, he liked that everyone liked that the family council was decided to build a "gingerbread" ditch of 5x4 m, and under the bath to remake the old brick house standing on the site.

Next - the idea of \u200b\u200bsewing the space between the OSB bias has disappeared. If and do the half-timber, then the real! In Europe, the half-timbered (space) is often filled with brick, but it requires certain skill and knowledge of certain secrets. Because Brick is not simply laid, but after special training or it, or bar. Without going into details, let's say that there are figured grooves for this.

Foam block is quite easily processed, and ASX_75 stopped on it, especially since the inner partitions will be laid out of this material.

Foam block so that it fit in the frame, was used not a wall, but a partitioned.

Choice of tools and materials for the construction of a half-timbered house

By drawing up a construction plan, the user began to implement the conceived. First you need to decide on the material, tool and foundation. It is believed that for the construction of the Fakhverka you need to have a lot of specialized carpentry tool, with the help of which figured grooves, spikes, etc. are cut into the bar. ASX_75 cost a much smaller set.

Choosing a tool for the construction of the Facrow, I would, of course, wanted to acquire a "cunning" imported saw and slowly, carefully cut the grooves. But cutting the tree along the fibers, and even more so the bar, the one more task. Thinking, I went for the electric chain saw. Turning it on in the store, I decided that this is not my tool, in terms of job safety, so I bought a saber saw. I also needed a powerful perforator that I used in drilling mode. Spiral drills, hammer, chisel and kiyanka.

Although the saber saws are traditionally considered tool of destruction - sawing wooden partitions, frames, pipes, branches, etc., in skillful hands This tool turns into an indispensable assistant.

Having tried to work as a "saber", I can say that she has proven itself perfectly. The leg with wide teeth is perfectly sawing a tree along the fibers, causing the plane, cuts the grooves. Moreover, I have a unprofessional tool, without a vibration damper, but it has significantly simplified the carcass assembly.

The frame went to the frame with a cross section of 15x15 cm. The reason is the massabryt characteristics of the material. Above we have already said that the beauty of the flash depends largely on the massiveness of its frame. A large cross section is attaching monumentality and thoroughness to build.

Such a frame no longer looks cheap butafory.

The user reasoned like this: a sequence of 10x10 cm looks non-serious, with a 20x20 cm bar is inconvenient to work alone, turn over, not to mention to raise the beam without the use of a crane or electric hoist. 15th timber - just right. It can be lifted alone, at the same time it has sufficient massiveness for the half-timbered frame.

There are no nice compound in the asx_75 half-timer. All parts of the frame fasten to the usual purchased braided with a diameter of 2 cm.

Moreover, brazenings are not just a connecting element, but play a large decorative role, giving a carcass with genuine authenticity.

Drinking bravely, I first climbed them flush, but then, studying my photo archives, I noticed that the builders of the flash often begged with a closure with the surface of the bar, and left outside a small "tail" with a length of about 3 cm. I really liked this element. Moreover, then you can hang a porridge with a flower.

They were peeled off not round, but slightly overtakened on all sides, giving them the type of hexagon. It is believed that so the connection is stronger. In addition, the holes under bent in two elements, with the classical construction of the header (for example, a rack-beam) is not symmetrically driving, but with a little displacement relative to each other. Those. First drill the parts (separately from each other), and then we connect them and are inserted. It also increases the strength of the compound, because When scheduling, due to asymmetric holes, a rigid node jam occurs.

It should be noted that the user refused this due to a significant complication of the work, especially since the node "Schip-groove" + the scored heater turned out to be very strong.

The holes under the height were drilled like this: a spiral drill on a tree (diameter 2 cm), through a clamping cartridge, robbed a perforator operating in the "drill" mode, in a bar. An important point: the first holes the user did "on the eyes", as a result, the crookedly went crooked. The following holes have already drilled over the corner level, which ensured the strict horizontal of the holes under the brazen.

I understand a bit with the theoretical part, go to practice. The construction of the half-timbered house began with the fill of the foundation. AsXX_75 chose a pile foundation. For this purpose, a hole with a diameter of 300 mm was clogged in the ground, to a depth of about 1 m, the "sleeve" was placed in the well, from the rolled regteroid, pulled by the wire. Then poured concrete.

The level of pile headings was shown in the horizon using a hydroevoy.

Tip: Deciding to repeat this type of "folk" foundation, do not save on Ruberoid and take a thicker, because Slim worse holds the shape, and the pile can turn out to be keg-shaped.

At this stage, it was not without errors. The distance between the pile was obtained different, because The first piles were made in 0.8 m. Then the user read that the distance could be increased to 2 m, but deciding to be reinsured, reduced it and chose an intermediate value.

The error led to the asymmetry of the frame racks, because The mounting points occur to the installation sites of the piles. But it added the "highlight" of the whole structure, because Often half-timbered houses do not have the perfect symmetry, which makes them more "alive."

After the construction of the foundation, it was put on a strapping from a bar with a cross section of 15x15 cm. At the same time, such types of compounds were used as hardwood and semi-core.

They were made as follows: a wedge-shaped spike is formed, an outline is planned on the strapping, the excess wood is drilled by a spiral drill, the chisel is entering into the case, which is formed by a figure groove.

The strapping is fixed on the foundation by steel anchors, which are drilled by holes.

The user advises in advance when pouring concrete, lay the studs with threads in piles.

Also, the timber was also waterproofed / separated from the "body" of piles, threefolded by the rubberoid, the top of the pillars was missed by the primer, and the entire strapping was withdrawn into the horizon in terms of the level.

The onset of the draft floor, ASX_75 began to start the responsible stage - the construction of the half-timbered carcass. About how it was done, what secrets were used, as well as a new portion of the theory of graded construction - in the second part of the material. Watch for updates on!

You can learn more about the features of the construction of a classic half-timber already in the subject ASX_75 half-timbered from .... Our article tells how to make a budget imitation of the Fakhverka. We also recommend the articles how to make a beautiful facade of wood and build a pile-painting foundation. And in the video showing the nuances of the construction of a sumpsman with a facade under the Facrock.

One who is confident frame houses - This is a technological tribute to modern economy and environmental protection, and our distant ancestors built exclusively from wood or stone - mistaken. In Europe, the construction of skew housing has been massively practiced 500 years ago, and before that, a few more centuries were reached. The technology was named "Fakverk", which has been translated from German - frame construction.

Externally, the half-timbered home learn is very easy. The business card of this technology is protruding from the walls of the beams that form a drawing from direct and inclined lines. Such a solution is beneficial for at least because of the ease of installation and ease of operation.

Ancient house built by Fakhverk technology, Germany

Evolution of technology

Wooden frame is one of the most pressing inventions. He was known to builders of ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, the Roman Empire and their colleagues in ancient China. Being one of the oldest ways of construction, Fakhverk was distributed in those places where she had to take care of wood savings. Easy first, with time the technology has undergone changes, developing and becoming more complicated. The basis of the first buildings were beams (logs or thrills), covered in the ground or clay, which served ash. The filling of the walls is most often also clay, the roof was crowned with a straw roof.

Such a design could not serve for a long time - the covered pillars were gradually soaked in moisture, rotted and destroyed. Later they guessed to install the framework of the frame on the stone pillow, deepened in the ground, and the clay for the walls to strengthen (reinforce) straw, branches or reed. Over time, the development of crafts (especially shipbuilding) made it possible to produce new structural parts, beams and a progressive rectangular rack. The experience of generations of builders showed that the inclined parts of the framework - struts and the soot - significantly improve the stability of the structure.

The construction of half-timbered houses is very popular in Scandinavia, for example in Sweden

The half-timbered houses spread throughout Europe, including the states of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Holland, Switzerland and France. In each country, the technology was modified, adapting to the local conditions (in England, for example, the walls were additionally insulated with sheep wool). Stone foundation and lags appeared only in the 15th century.

The half-timbered houses were the usual admission of the city landscape of 15-16 centuries, especially in Northern Europe - in Britain, Germany and Poland. In the 18th century, the style of Fakhverk began to be crowded out by other architectural finds and ways of construction. He was remembered in the 70s of the last century, in a wave of interest in the environmental friendliness and practicality of medieval technology.

The visiting card of the front remains his decorativeness. The frame of the beams, darkening over time, remains in sight, the walls are covered with light plaster, and the house acquires an elegant, festive look. In different countries, the carcass beams were installed in their own way (in England and France vertically, in Switzerland and Germany - at angles), which made it possible to create infinitely various picturesque facades.

Modern house in the style of Fakhverk

Modern technology

Fakhverk is still common in Europe type of structure with recognizable carrier base from beams, reliefly speaking for the plane of the facade. Modern construction techniques have retained a classic half-timber, expanding the list of materials used. Houses on the technology of Fakhverk are still a combination of carrying design and wall panels.

As a basis, a rigid spatial framework of brusade elements is made (often from wood of coniferous rocks). The frame forms cells, which are then filled with materials selected for walls - from traditional natural to innovative.

The use of frame-frame construction solves several tasks:

Allows you to build a solid design with stable parameters.

Reduce housing rates.

Minimize wood consumption (and, it means a budget).

The construction of a modern house runs quickly and technologically

Features of the construction of the house on technology Fakhverk

With the advent of new materials and tools, the construction of houses according to the technology of Fakhverk has undergone many changes over the past few decades, while retaining the main principle of style - frame. Changes touched almost all design elements:

Foundation. Since the framework of the house is light and hard, in most cases a small-breeding foundation is placed, whose parameters are calculated taking into account the properties of the soil and the characteristics of the project. It is then waterproofing and insulation of the base of polystyrene foam or mineral Vata.. The foundation and lower part of the frame are connected by anchor bolts.

Frame. A technological glovenant or polished bar came to replace the traditional material (logs and thrills). Details of the design (fragments of walls, roofs, terraces) are securely joined with wooden elements (brazers, spikes, ducts). The compounds are performed by special ways (half-man, mann, Wilderman, Andreevsky Cross), which must be correctly designing and positioned. Many projects use metal fasteners. Wooden elements are protected from damage by complex drugs (antiseptic, antipiren) and varnished.

Bearing walls. Feature technology - Filling between beams - is not a bearing basis, the walls only share the space. This opens up almost unlimited refreshments.

Filling the cells of the walls. To fill the cells, any material is suitable. Internal partitions are filled with high heat and vapor insulation properties. The surface of the walls is putty and decorated without special restrictions.

On our site you can familiarize yourself with the most popular projects of houses on the technology of Famvert from construction companies presented at the exhibition of houses "Low-rise Country".

Facrow-style house: wall material

The aggregate can serve as a brick, stone and blocks from cellular concrete (foam and aerated concrete), but in the last decade there has been a tendency to use slab materials (OSP, cement-chip, plasterboard). It is preferable to use materials possessing such characteristics:

ease and strength;

moisture resistance;

high heat saving properties;

ecology.

Fragment of construction in the context (wall filling features)

The traditional feature of the style is the filling method - the frame from the facade is not hidden, and serves as a spectacular architectural part. The inner surfaces are made in accordance with the selected style. For finishing chosen facing materials (for example, with imitation brick masonry) or not losing the popularity of plastering (often decorative compositions).

House-Fakhverk refers to a wooden house-building, but a tendency modern design Fully glass walls are becoming when the glazing area of \u200b\u200bthe house takes at least 60% of the walls of the walls. This option is not designed for mass construction, since it is composed in execution, silence and disposable in regions with long-term harsh winters (even if installing energy-saving double-glazed windows). The design will be advantageous next to the reservoir or the slope when the illusion of the fusion of the landscape and the interior arises.

Modern style interpretation - elite half-timbered house with a flat roof

Roof for Fakhverka

Classic European half-timbered buildings were often raised with a storey protrusion (when the upper floor performs above the bottom). The purpose of such an architectural reception was to protect the house from atmospheric precipitation - water during the rain was not on the foundation, but to the Earth. AT modern houses In the style of the header, the protective function performs the roof with wide skes borrowed from the style of the chalet.

The architectural style of the house perfectly fits the double roof in which, except for the soles, there is another characteristic feature - No attic and attic. The roof by tradition can serve natural tile; Although more common metal tile, ondulin and soft roof.

On our site you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of the construction of the houses of Fakhverk. Directly to communicate with representatives, you can visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-rise country".

Advantages and disadvantages of houses

The advantages of the first:

Durability. The Germans are difficult to reproach in the absence of a rational approach and practicality. German builders know a lot in strength, and they don't have to go far for evidence - many houses in Germany stand in 200-300 years. Of course, the proper operation of the structure plays his role here, but this does not detract from the skills of the builders to choose and use qualitative materials and methods for processing.

Aesthetic attractiveness. If you want to highlight your accommodation, house-head-one is one of the most suitable options.

The house designed on the slope

Multivariate. The house adapts to any climatic conditions. Technology allows you to design large rooms (60-70 m²) without support.

Terms of construction. Make up about 3 months.

Saving. It consists in reducing the cost of the foundation.

Minimum shrinkage. The frame of the adhesive chamber of chamber drying is practically no shrinkage, which allows you to delay in the interior.

Openness design. Allows you to maximize the solar lighting, which is so lacking in autumn and winter. However, constructive features do not cause difficulties with accommodation engineering communications (For them, technological niches are envisaged in the walls and sex).

Video Description

About the advantages and minuses of half-timbered houses in the following video:

The disadvantages of half-timbered structures are considered:

Cost. The development and implementation of such a project on technology Fakhverk will cost more than a similar skeleton house equal to area. The budget affects the price of energy-saving double-glazed windows and glued timber.

Treatment. Wooden details need regular processing capable of extending their service life.

House with a large number of wooden elements in need of protection

Additional expenses. It may be necessary if the Housing in the style of the Facrower is built in the region with low winter temperatures. The effective layer of thermal insulation will increase the thickness of the walls and, therefore, the cross section of the wall beams. Additional cash infusion will require a warm floor and modern heating system.

Fragility. A large number of glass calls for caution. Triplex and armored glass will help secure life.

When designing, attention will focus on such aspects:

Timing. Construction company, for example "Ecocomplect", Capably build a half-timbered house as quickly as the frame-panel. Domocomplekt is manufactured at the factory, according to the drawings provided. The rate of assembly is determined mostly by the qualifications of builders.

High-quality glued bar - the base of the durable structure

Building materials. The service life of the half-timbered home depends on the quality carrier beams. For a durable frame, beams are needed from more dense and resinous wood (for example, larch). High-quality parts have a certificate, which serves as a guarantee of good drying and lack of defects (cracks and exploration) on the surface of the bar.

Design of ventilation and heating systems. The house, most of whose walls is occupied by glass, needs a well-thought-out heating and ventilation system. For houses created by individual project, the energy-saving triplex (tempered multilayer glass) is selected, which does not increase the heating accounts and preventing the formation of moisture on the windows.

Subtleties

To emphasize and strengthen the originality of the dwelling built in German technology, in different ways. Such solutions will serve as an addition to the recognizable architecture:

Use of decorative stone. The base, decorated with a stone or brick (or modern finishing material) is an important element of the external design of the half-timbered home.

The contrast facade is noticeable in any weather.

Use arched windows. Arched shape windows with wooden shutters emphasize the identity of the architectural solution.

Strengthening color contrast. It can be considered a traditional style of style. The role of a decorative element of the house in the style of Fakhverk plays the roof under red tiles and doors painted into a contrast facade color.

Imitation style Fakhverk

Sometimes standard frame houses stylize under the German style. To give the facade of a spectacular noble view, not heavy and expensive wooden beams, but decorative prototypes from polyurethane. Such details have a small weight (raise both the child), easy to install and are represented by rich color palette. Artificial beams are reliably in the interior, as a ceiling construction.

Classic style half-timbered house

Interior features of the house in the style of Fakhverk

The inner type of the half-timbered house does not have to match the external. The feature of technology (the ability to control the volume, in different ways to zonate space) provides unlimited possibilities for interior design. Using beams and rafters, you can create both traditional and modern style:

Style Fakhverk (German, Scandinavian, Country). The emphasis is on the color of walls and beams: light walls require a dark frame, and vice versa. The floor is made from wood or stone (intentionally made tiles), the walls are covered with plaster or paint. The fireplace, forged and wicker elements, natural fabric fits perfectly into the style. On the beams it is convenient to fix the shelves, mount the backlight or homework.

Minimalism (or high-tech). Modern style It is easier to beat in spacious and bright rooms with large-scale glazing, it is enough to paint the walls in white (cream) color and decorate the space with laconic furniture. Easy and organic in such an environment will look metallic (especially forged) details.

Classic. No one hinders to separate partitions with wallpaper and decorate the house of good furniture, elegant lamps and expensive textiles, changing the housing beyond recognition.

Video Description

About the construction of the house of Fakhverk Shale and the technology itself, see the following video:

In what cases it is advisable to choose a house in the style of the head

Experts converge on the fact that the share of such houses in Russia is though increasing, but continues to be small. Interest in the technology of building half-timbered houses is manifested in different ways:

In economy segment. When the price and energy efficiency, the price and energy efficiency have a paramount value, strongly with arrangement of glued timber and frame-panel houses. The main advantage was unclaimed - panoramic glazing, inappropriate on a small land plot in the ring of curious neighbors.

In business class. The area of \u200b\u200bthe plot often does not allow to build housing with window passing To the whole wall. The budget of the representatives of this category makes it possible to pay attention not only to the cost, but also for the beauty that suddenly turns on the construction of the imitation of the half-timbered house with fake beams.

Facade of the modern house in the style of Fakhverk

Projects and prices

Stylish and respectable houses in the style of Fakhverk, the construction of which is most practical to trust a construction organization with solid work experience, takes about 3 months. In order for the house to be comfortable and durable, the binding of the project to the site is trusted qualified specialistcapable of considering the features of the relief. The price of the construction affects:

Architecture and design. What they are intricate (layout, fireplace location), the harder in performance and more expensive. Modern designs are often designed with balconies and terraces.

The degree of glazing. The building with large windows is difficult to heat, and energy-efficient double-glazed windows - option not for each budget.

The quality of the elements of the house complex. Speech O. wooden details and method of insulation.

The project of the house of Famverk with a large glazing area

The average price of the house on the technology of the Facrow in the Moscow region:

no further finish and engineering communications begins from 29-34 thousand rubles / m²;

in business class (turnkey) - 40-45 thousand rubles / m²;

elite housing - from 65-70 thousand rubles / m².

Video Description

In this video, we will look at what features of the half-timbered houses and the price of such a house:

Projects of classical and modern half-timbered houses are cost:

In economy segment. Up to 100 m² - 1,100-1,600 thousand rubles, up to 200 m² - 1,800-2,400 thousand rubles, up to 300 m² - 2,700-4,500 thousand rubles.

In a business segment (2 floors). Up to 100 m² - 4,300-5,900 thousand rubles, up to 200 m² - 6,400-8,900 thousand rubles, up to 300 m² - from 9 million RUB over 2011

On our site you can familiarize yourself with the most popular projects. facrigous houses From construction companies presented at the exhibition of houses a low-rise country.

Video Description

About how not to build a half-timbered house in the following video:

Conclusion

Modern houses built in the architectural style Fakhverk - unusual detail in the Russian countryside landscape. Such buildings attract those who like to experiment with the inner space; Modern technologies make such structures with environmentally friendly, energy-saving and adapted to the continental climate. Among all wooden houses, it is half-timbered structures with panoramic windows allow you to feel the presence of nature and harmony with it.

Facrifical houses appeared in Europe in the Middle Ages. Their walls were a frame of a bar, the empties of which are filled with stone, rubble or brick. A frame of a bar shares the facade in the style of the Facrow to rectangles and triangles, which gives the building a kind of design.

Modern half-timbered homes

Modern half-timer reminds of its predecessor only what is made in the same architectural style. The projects provide that beams and frame racks are performed from an antiseptic or glued bar, and drives from the edged board. In the emptiness of the frame laid the insulation - mineral or stone cotton wool. Such a gradation design has good strength and thermal safety characteristics. On the facade, only areas filled with insulation, leaving the frame free.

Now the style of "Modern" dominates the architectural architecture. Projects of Facrum Houses in the style of "Modern" are distinguished:

• big coats of roof;
• wide beams;
• glass walls and large windows.

This creates a visual effect of the absence of holistic walls and only the framework rushes into the eye. The popularity of the Fakhverka led to the fact that in this style not only frame buildings, but also at home built on other technologies are separated. At the same time, the characteristic type of the facade give materials imitating the timber.

Glass 8-timbered walls are used for design veranda, living rooms, summer houses. With all its attractiveness, they do not provide good thermal insulation of houses.

Stages of the construction of half-timbered houses

The construction of half-timbered houses includes several stages, from each of which the service life and operational characteristics of buildings depend, therefore the digression from the project is unacceptable.

Preparatory stage

The first thing follows:

• acquire a land plot;
• choose a project;
• test temporary communications to the site;
• production materials.

When choosing a land plot, take into account the proximity of communications, household services and trade enterprises, the condition of the roads and the ecological situation.

The typical project will cost much cheaper than individual. It has practically excluded mistakes and the construction technology has been developed in detail. By typical project, you can order a household complex, which will be greatly simplified and accelerated the frame assembly. The house under construction on an individual project is expensive, but the developer appears the opportunity to settle in the house of his dreams.

After selecting a project, electricity and water are added to the construction site, the territory will be covered and imported materials.

Foundation

The flashing technology of construction allows you to build light walls, so the requirements for foundations are significantly reduced - it is enough to build columns or pile grounds. Concrete foundations must gain strength for a month, foundations on screw piles You can load immediately after screwing. Two layers of waterproofing are placed on top of the foundations.

Walls

Technology of the construction of half-timbered walls is as follows:

• to the foundation on the anchor bolts fasten the beams of the lower strapping (the ram 150x150 - 200x200 mm);
• the beams on the temporary bodies are fixed racks (timber or cutting board 50x150 mm);
• at the level of ceiling beams, the top strapping from the bar is assembled;
• align the frame and install constant drives.

Roof

Wooden beams of overlapping are laid on the upper strapping, laid Mauerlat and collect a rafter system. Scrolls are nourished to the rafters and roof the roofing material. Heavy roofing materials It is not recommended to apply.

Completion of construction

At the final stage:

• fill the window and doorways;
• warm walls and roof;
• pave internal communications;
• perform the inner and external cladding of the walls;
• fall the floors and cut the ceiling.

The technology of insulation of the house in the half-timbered style does not have features - stone wool slabs are inserted between the frames of the frame in several layers and are covered with windproof membrane from the street. Communications are paved inside the walls. For internal cladding, any finishing materials can be used for outdoor - OSB, moisture-resistant faeer, siding, cement-fibrous plates.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Facrow Technology

Facrowed house have the following advantages:

• a peculiar style of the facade;
• durable and durable gradation design;
• high construction speed;
• environmental and fire safety;
• warm walls.

Disadvantages arise in violation of the construction and use of low-quality materials.

Build half-timbered houses with your own hands forces to everyone who is familiar with the carpenter. If you collect a framework in the style of the header from the home complex, the requirements for the qualifications of builders are much lower.

Topics with the construction of houses on technology Fakhverk traditionally enjoy increased attention from Forumhouse users. The developers primarily attracts spectacular, "under ancient", the appearance of such a structure.

But in Russia rarely meet the authentic header. That is, the reasons, the main of which is to build a house on the technology of the Fakhverk, far from all. It affects the large amount of manual labor and the complexity of all technological stages. There is a disadvantage of practical information, because Most of the benefits, instructions and examples are provided in foreign languages \u200b\u200band are collected in foreign sites.

Therefore, the majority of developers are forced to imitate the half-timber, making the layout of the "Under Facrek" from the boards, by the facade of the CSP slab or OSP. The more interesting the theme of the user of our portal with nickname aSX_75, There is a small "in one helmet", but the "honest" half-timbered house.

In this article:

• Acceptance of the technology of the Facrow.
• Building a house on the technology of Fakhverk.
• Tools and materials.

Features of the flash technology

Fackwerk (it. Fachwerk) is a frame that was built from wooden beams. The feature of the technology is a wooden, the feudless-beam frame of the house is not sewn outside and remains in sight. The space between the racks, drives and beams is filled with brick, less often a stone or, as an option, a straw, cane or reed, mixed with clay, which is then plastered.

It gives the house architectural expressiveness, awareness and at the same time imposes a significant restriction on the use of this technology in our harsh climate, even near Moscow, not to mention Siberia or the North.

The fact is that the frame made from a large cross section (200k200 or 200x250 mm) is a significant cold bridge. In addition, gaps may appear between the aggregate and wooden elements of the structure ("living" material). The wall will begin to blow by the wind. Open frame (wood) due to the negative impact of atmospheric phenomena (sunlight, snow, rain, frequent transitions through "0") is subjected to enhanced wear. This leads to the need to regularly repair and update the facade.

In Europe, the climate is softer than in Russia, and at home, built on the technology of the Facrow, with proper care, are not worth the same age.

The half-timbered frame itself is going on the "Schip-Paz" technology braided and using a variety of compounds:

• writing
• connections in hardwood,
• half-fertility, etc.

It requires good carpentry skills and "naked" hands.

But all these disadvantages go to the background when you see a real half-timbered home. And, "honest", because Imitation of the half-timbered on the building, even skillfully performed and remains simulated.

This header will not leave anyone indifferent.

The main error of developers trying to symot - Selection of non-sewing boards for their layouts on the facade. As a result, the monumentality of the structure is lost, because the frame in the headband carries the main loadAccordingly, it requires powerful beams, drives and racks. The boards section 150 / 100x25 mm (frequently used for imitation of the half-timbered) look like some strange finish, as ordinary decorative "non-relief" on the facade.

Second error - pursuit of ideal layout geometry and bringing the surface of the boots to shine. At that time, if you look at a real front, it can be seen that any timber has irregularities, natural bends, defects, knots, cracks, etc. Those. Wood "Living", and its natural beauty is not "killed" excessive mechanical processing.

All this works on authenticity, and most importantly - the formation layout should be conducted not as "more beautiful seems" or "how you have to do", and strictly in accordance with the canons of the Facrow- where every frame element is not just like that, but is in its place.

If you have to imitate the first, then you first need to look at a not one dozen photos of old European half-timbered homes. To catch the essence of the frame elements, to understand how they work in a single system are linked to each other, and then try to repeat them on the facade.

Beams, drives, racks and other vertical and horizontal framework elements in the header perform a purely practical function - carry and redistribute the loads of the construction.

The real beauty of the building in the style of Fakhverk is the functionality of the frame, Where all the items are needed, and there is no place for excess details and cordial decorations.

How to build a real half-timbered house in Russia

The simplicity of the header (forms), not to be confused with the technology, can play a keen joke with a man who decided to repeat it. It seems that you can see pictures, buy a bar, take up the chainsaw and proceed to work. Such an approach will lead to a deplorable result.

Faxo starts with the acquisition of deep knowledge of this type of construction and project preparation.

It is necessary to spend time and explore the key elements of the house in the style of the Former, and how they are done. Indicative example - work aSX_75.

aSX_75 User forumhouse.

I had the opportunity to visit Germany. I saw the "live" so that I liked the real half-timber. He studied him, made photos of buildings, read recommendations, visited thematic sites. When returned to Russia, I decided to reproduce the "Corner of Europe" in the garden plot, because There was a need to build a bath. I will say right away - I am not a professional builder. Much in my work was done on the Nativity, something is not for the canons of Fakhverka, somewhere I thought myself. Worked one and with a minimum set of tools.

Looking forward, we will demonstrate a photo of what has already happened from the participant of our portal (the house is now in the process of building the roof).

Now we return in 2016 and proceed to the description of the erection process.

To build a frame, and then fill it with foam blocks (this is a departure from the classics of the first, and why aSX_75he was chosen, we describe a little later), I had to try.

Interesting prehistory of this project. According to the user, at first there was an idea to build on the bath site. To do this, he chose a half-timbered frame, because I considered that it will not work out of bricks or blocks of units. The initial idea was as follows - the framework is put, and the space is sewn with OSP plates, followed by the installation of insulation and vapor and waterproofing.

But in the process of the construction of the frame, he liked that everyone liked that the family council was decided to build a "gingerbread" ditch of 5x4 m, and under the bath to remake the old brick house standing on the site.

Next - the idea of \u200b\u200bsewing the space between the OSB bias has disappeared. If and do the half-timber, then the real! In Europe, the half-timbered (space) is often filled with brick, but it requires certain skill and knowledge of certain secrets. Because Brick is not simply laid, but after special training or it, or bar. Without going into details, let's say that there are figured grooves for this.

Foam block is fairly handled, and aSX_75he stopped on it, especially since the inner partitions will be laid out of this material.

Foam block so that it fit in the frame, was used not a wall, but a partitioned.

Selection of tools and materials for the construction of the house in the style of Fax

By drawing up a construction plan, the user began to implement the conceived. First you need to decide on the material, tool and foundation. For the construction of the Facrow, you need to have a lot of specialized complex construction carpenter tool, with the help of which figured grooves, spikes, etc. are cut in the bar. But aSX_75it cost a much smaller set.

aSX_75

Choosing a different tool for the construction of the Facrow, I would like to get a "cunning" with an imported saw and slowly, carefully cut down the grooves. But cutting the tree along the fibers, and even more so the bar, the one more task. Thinking, I went to the electrical chain saw. Turning it on in the store, I decided that this is not my tool, in terms of job safety, so I bought a saber saw. I also needed a powerful perforator that I used in drilling mode. Spiral drills, hammer, chisel and kiyanka.

Although the saber saws are traditionally considered tool of destruction - sawing wooden partitions, frame elements, pipes, branches, etc., in skillful hands This tool will become an indispensable assistant.

aSX_75

Having tried to work as a "saber", I can say that she has proven itself perfectly. The leg with wide teeth is perfectly sawing a tree along the fibers, causing the plane, cuts the grooves. Moreover, I have a unprofessional tool, without a vibration damper, but it has significantly simplified the carcass assembly.

The frame went to the frame with a cross section of 15x15 cm. The reason is the massabryt characteristics of the material. Above we have already said that the beauty of the flash depends largely on the massiveness of its frame. A large cross section is attaching monumentality and thoroughness to build.

Such a frame no longer looks cheap butafory.

The user reasoned like this: a sequence of 10x10 cm looks non-serious, with a 20x20 cm bar is inconvenient to work alone, turn over, not to mention to raise the beam without the use of a crane or electric hoist. 15th timber - just right. It can be lifted alone, but it has a sufficient massiveness for the half-timbered frame.

There are no nice compound in the asx_75 half-timer. All parts of the frame fasten to the usual purchased braided with a diameter of 2 cm.

Moreover, begins are not just a connecting element, but play a large decorative role, giving the finished carcass with genuine authenticity.

aSX_75

Drinking bravely, I first climbed them flush, but then, studying my photo archives, I noticed that the builders of the flash often begged with a closure with the surface of the bar, and left outside a small "tail" with a length of about 3 cm. I really liked this element. Moreover, then you can hang a porridge with a flower.

They were peeled off not round, but slightly overtakened on all sides, giving them the type of hexagon. That so the connection is stronger. Holes under bent in two elements, with the classical construction of the header (stand-beam) is not symmetrically driving, but with a little displacement relative to each other. Those. First drill the parts (separately from each other), and then we connect them and are inserted. It also increases the strength of the compound, because When scheduling, due to asymmetric holes, a rigid node jam occurs.

It should be noted that the user refused this due to a significant complication of the work, especially since the node "Schip-groove" + the scored heater turned out to be very strong.

The holes under the height were drilled like this: a spiral drill on a tree (diameter 2 cm), through a clamping cartridge, robbed a perforator operating in the "drill" mode, in a bar. An important point: the first holes the user did "on the eyes", as a result, the crookedly went crooked. The following holes have already drilled over the corner level, which ensured the strict horizontal of the holes under the brazen.

I understand a bit with the theoretical part, go to practice. The construction of the half-timbered house began with the fill of the foundation. As a base aSX_75 Chose a pile foundation. For this purpose, a hole with a diameter of 300 mm was clogged in the ground, to a depth of about 1 m, the "sleeve" was placed in the well, from the rolled regteroid, pulled by the wire. Then poured concrete.

The level of pile headings was shown in the horizon using a hydroevoy.

Tip: Deciding to repeat this type of modern "folk" foundation, should not save on Ruberoid and Berat thicker, because Slim worse holds the shape, and the pile can turn out to be keg-shaped.

At this stage, it was not without errors. The distance between the pile was obtained different, because The first piles were made in 0.8 m. Then the user read that the distance could be increased to 2 m, but deciding to be reinsured, reduced it and chose an intermediate value.

The error led to the asymmetry of the frame racks, because The mounting points occur to the installation sites of the piles. But it added the "highlight" of the whole structure, because Often half-timbered houses do not have the perfect symmetry, which makes them more "alive."

After the construction of the foundation, it was put on a strapping from a bar with a cross section of 15x15 cm. These types of compounds were used as hardworth and semi-core.

They were made as follows: a wedge-shaped spike is formed, an outline is planned on the strapping, the excess wood is drilled by a spiral drill, the chisel is entering into the case, which is formed by a figure groove.

The strapping is fixed on the foundation by steel anchors, which are drilled by holes.

The user advises in advance when pouring concrete, lay the studs with threads in piles.

Also, the timber was also waterproofed / separated from the "body" of piles, threefolded by the rubberoid, the top of the pillars was missed by the primer, and the entire strapping was withdrawn into the horizon in terms of the level.

ASX_75. Our article tells. We also recommend an article, and. And in the video showing the nuances of the construction of a sumpsman with a facade under the Facrock.