Ministry of General and Vocational Education
Sverdlovsk region
Department of Education of the Administration of the Leninsky District
Yekaterinburg cities
Municipal autonomous educational institution
secondary school number 93
PROJECT
Growing a sprout from a seed

Research
Pupils of 4th "g" grade
Acorn Taisiya
Yekaterinburg city, 2015
Introduction
Project type: research, cognitive
Project implementation period: short-term (4 weeks)
Relevance of the project: the project on growing plants at home is aimed at obtaining basic knowledge about cultivated plants growing in our region; on how to grow and care for them.
Purpose: the study of theoretical data on the reproduction of flowering plants by seeds, the application of the knowledge gained to grow several types of plants.
Tasks:
1. Study the theoretical material on growing flowers at home.
2. Learn the rules for caring for seedlings.
3. To study the importance of light, heat, moisture, soil for the growth and development of plants.
4. Follow the growth and development of seedlings in practice
Project idea: To grow several types of plants on your own: marigolds, peas, nasturtium.
Project stages:
1. Collection necessary information about planted plants, conditions of growth and development
2. Preparation of materials for the project: seeds, soil, fertilizers, special pots.
3. Accumulation of material, preparation of a photo report, presentation of the project.
Object of research: the process of germination of plant seeds at home in winter
Research hypothesis: the ability to grow cultivated plants at home in winter

Theoretical data
What is a flower. Growing plants by humans
Flowering Plants or Angiosperms - Department of Higher Plants, distinctive feature which is the presence of a flower as a reproductive organ
The first flower plants appeared about 140 million years ago. But these were very simple and scarce plants. Traces of widespread development and distribution of angiosperms appeared about 100 million years ago.
One of the most important directions in the evolution of the plant kingdom is adaptation to the changing conditions of earthly life. Flowering plants are the clearest expression of this characteristic and are currently the leading plants on the earth's surface.
To the widest geographical diversity is added a variety of forms and methods of growth. The common duckweed covering the surface of the pond is a tiny green shoot with a simple root, vertically submerged in water, and with very indistinct leaves and stem parts. The mighty forest tree for centuries has developed its complex system of trunks and branches covered with countless twigs and foliage, and underground, the corresponding area is occupied by a powerful, well-developed root system. Between these two extremes are endless varieties of aquatic and terrestrial grasses, creeping, erect or climbing, bushes and trees.
People have been growing flowers since time immemorial. The monuments and documents found during excavations confirm that in different parts of our planet, long before our era, various flowering plants were grown to obtain flowers and aromatic oils.
Floriculture is one of the directions of decorative gardening. Floriculture is the cultivation of flower crops. They are grown to decorate parks, squares, gardens, various premises, for getting cut flowers. Some plants are grown in open ground, others - in greenhouses, greenhouses, rooms.
It is an integral part of the entire crop production, it covers a group of plants that are not used as food, but serve to decorate the environment and interiors
An important role in floriculture, as well as in plant growing in general, is played by the rules for planting and growing cultivated plants, the timing and methods of obtaining and preserving seeds that can give high-quality sprouts.
Studying the processes taking place in the seed after planting, observing the growth and development of plants are ways to obtain theoretical and practical knowledge.

Reproduction of flowering plants
Reproduction of flowering plants occurs different ways... With the vegetative type of reproduction, all characteristics of the plant are completely copied: color of flowers, height, features of the stem, root system, etc. For propagation in a vegetative way, any part of the plant - the parent, is necessary, be it the root, stem or leaf.
Sexual reproduction involves the use of seeds. For most flowering plants, this is the optimal method. In order for full-fledged plants to grow from seeds, they must be sown according to certain rules in compliance with many conditions, such as: sowing time, temperature regime, soil characteristics.
SEED - The embryonic stage of the seed plant, formed during the reproduction process. Inside the seed is an embryo, consisting of an embryonic root, a stem, and one or two leaves, or cotyledons.
The seed is the basis for the existence of the modern plant and animal world. Without the seed, there would be no forests, meadows, steppes, grain fields on the planet, there would be no birds and ants, bees and butterflies, humans and other mammals. All this appeared only after the plants in the course of evolution had seeds, inside which life can, without declaring itself, persist for weeks, months and even for many years. A miniature plant embryo in a seed is capable of traveling long distances; he is not tied to the ground by roots, like his parents; does not need water or oxygen; he waits in the wings, so that, having got to a suitable place and waiting for favorable conditions, he can begin development, which is called seed germination.

Germination of seeds, growth of seedlings
In most plants, even under favorable conditions, the seeds do not germinate for a certain time. At this time, the processes of metabolism and energy conversion (in particular, respiration) in the seed almost stop, and the water content is no more than 10-15%.
For seed germination, a combination of such conditions is required: sufficient humidity, the presence of air, a certain temperature, and for some, also light.
Each plant species has its own requirements for seed germination conditions.
Once in favorable conditions, the seed absorbs water and swells. At the same time, its respiration is enhanced, reserve nutrients are converted into a form available for consumption by the embryo (for example, insoluble starch is converted into soluble sugars). Some of these substances are used to provide the cells of the embryo with energy, and the other part is used to form compounds necessary for growth.
The plant from the moment of germination is called a sprout. The germinal root sprouts first, and only then the bud. The root breaks through the seed coat and grows deep into the soil, as it reacts to the force of gravity of the Earth, and the shoot, on the contrary, rushes up to the soil surface. This direction of growth of the embryonic root and shoot does not depend on how the seed is located in the soil.
During storage of seeds, part of the embryos may die from damage by pests, drying out or other reasons.
Another prerequisite for healthy seedlings is the correct sowing depth. When sown at insufficient depth, the seeds can dry out and die due to lack of moisture. Conversely, when sowing too deep, it is difficult for a seedling to break through a thick layer of earth and on the soil surface it appears weakened. In addition, the oxygen content required for seedling respiration decreases with depth in the soil.
Seed germination ends with the transition of the seedling to feeding through the roots and other parts of the plant. Therefore, the creation of conditions that are optimal for seed germination, and, consequently, an increase in seed germination is one of the prerequisites for obtaining healthy and viable plants.

The practical part. Growing plants at home
Preparatory work
For growing plants at home, seeds of two types of flowers were purchased: marigold and nasturtium. The choice was made taking into account the fact that these types of flowers are quite unpretentious in care, germinate quickly and give beautiful large flowers.
In addition, for comparison, pea seeds were purchased, which also has a rather short seed germination period.
Also, a special flower soil was chosen, containing all the mineral substances necessary for future plants.
The required amount of soil was distributed over three small seedling pots.
After studying the rules for planting each type of seed indicated on the seed package, we proceeded to planting and further monitoring the seeds.

Planted plants
BARKHATTSY (Tagets) - The Latin name comes from the name of Tadis, the grandson of Jupiter, who taught people to predict fate and find treasures.
The homeland of marigolds is South and Central America. In the 16th century, along with many plants (potatoes, corn, etc.), they were brought to Europe and North Africa, from where they quickly spread throughout Europe.
Marigolds came to our country around the 18th century and were then called "African flowers". However, this name did not last long. The Russians called these flowers marigolds because of the velvety texture of their petals.
You can grow marigold seedlings on the windowsill on the sunny side. The soil should be loose, nutritious and fertile. At the time of sowing, the soil must be moist. The seeds are planted in grooves at a depth of 1 cm and at a distance of 1.5 cm from each other. After that, the seeds must be sprinkled with a layer of soil no more than 0.5 cm in height, watered and placed in a warm place. You need to water the seeds no more than 1-2 times a day, as the soil dries up. Seedlings should appear in 3-5 days.
Nasturtium (krasol, capuchin, tropeolum). Belongs to the Capuchin family. The name comes from the Greek words "tropayon" - trophies and "olos" - full (the leaves of nasturtium look like shields, and the flowers look like helmets, that is, they resemble the ancient weapons of a warrior).
In Russia, this plant, imported from Holland, was known as the capuchin, which is associated with the shape of the flower itself, imitating the hood of a monastic cloak. Later, the name "nasturtium" stuck.
The plant is undemanding to growing conditions, with bright flowers... Growing nasturtium will require fertile soil, good sunlight, and frost protection. You need to place seedlings on the lightest windowsill or on a glazed loggia. Seeds are sown to a depth of 2-3 cm in 2 pieces. Nasturtium prefers moderate watering.
Peas are an annual herb of the legume family, which has a fruit - a bean, and seeds - peas.
The history of pea cultivation goes back at least 3000 years. In the Middle East, the remains of pea dishes were found, which are at least 10 thousand years old. Peas were widely cultivated in Ancient India and Ancient China, where they are a symbol of fertility and wealth. In ancient Greece and Ancient Rome peas were the staple food of the poor. Once imported from France, peas quickly became very popular in Russia.
Before planting, pea seeds must be soaked for several hours. Seeds are sown in boxes or pots with moist and loose soil. Peas are sown very densely - after 1-2 cm in a row. The distance between the rows is 2-3 cm. The planting depth is 2-3 cm.
Pea care consists in watering, weeding, loosening and feeding, protection from pests. When the seedlings get stronger and begin to grow, twigs are substituted for the plants, clinging to which with antennae, peas can grow vertically.

First day
Planting marigold flower seeds
This is what marigold seeds look like, ready for planting.

Planting peas
This is what dry seeds look like.
Before planting, the seeds must be soaked for several hours.
After soaking, plant the seeds
Planting nasturtium flowers
This is what dry seeds look like.
Water after planting in a pot.
Inside the flower seed looks something like this

The peel protects the seed from external influences.
Endosperm is a storehouse of nutrients. Thanks to him, the plant can begin its growth after planting. When the seed germinates, nutrients from the endosperm are delivered to the root, stalk, and kidney through the cotyledon
Cotyledon, bud, stalk and root - the embryo of the future plant. From the bud - the leaves, from the stalk - the stem, from the root - the root, from the cotyledons - the first 2 leaves.
From each part of the embryo and seed, a specific part of the plant develops.

All conditions were created for plant growth: light, watering, warmth, care.
Seed germination began.
Schematically, the process of flower growth is as follows:

Or more clearly:

The first sprouts of marigolds appeared on the 4th day after planting

On the eleventh day after planting (the seventh after sprouting)
Marigolds grow slowly. By the end of the second week after planting:

On the eighteenth day:

In three weeks, the sprout was only three centimeters tall.
In 6-7 weeks such flowers should have bloomed

The first sprouts of nasturtium appeared on the 7th day after planting.

Nasturtium grows rapidly, over 1 cm per day. The reason for this rapid growth is also that in winter there is little light in the room and the sprouts are struggling to reach the window to get more sunlight.

Seventh day after seed germination

The sprouts reach for the light

The beginning of the second week after germination:

Turn towards the light source

They grew very large, more than 30 cm in two weeks.

For setting flowers in winter, the seedlings did not have enough light and heat. The first flowers should appear about two months after germination.
Such flowers of nasturtium should have bloomed

Not a single grain sprouted from the peas. Most likely, the seeds were old and did not have enough moisture and heat for sprouts to appear.

conclusions
Dry seeds contain the rudiments of future LIVING plants, but in a "sleepy" state.
The conditions for seed germination are light, air, water, and minerals.
Seed germination begins from the moment water penetrates into the seed. Having penetrated into the seed, water causes it to swell - the seed slightly increases in volume. In this case, the reserve nutrients in the endosperm and cotyledons pass into a soluble state and become available for the cells of a living embryo.
If there are few reserve nutrients in the seed, as happened with the seeds of peas and marigolds, then the development of the embryo occurs slowly or does not begin at all, and the embryo dies.
the importance of warmth and light is very great. With a lack of lighting (winter, dark rooms) plants strive for an available light source, stretch, leaves and stems become weak and light.
when planting, it is very important to follow all the rules for a given plant: planting timing, depth of holes, thermal and light conditions. Without these conditions, the desired result may not be achieved.

List of references
Raven P., Evert R., Ickhorn S. Modern botany, vol. 2. M., 1990
Collier's Encyclopedia. - Open Society. 2000.
"Biology. A modern illustrated encyclopedia. " Ch. ed. A.P. Gorkin; M .: Rosman, 2006.)
www.wikipedia.org

My grandmother loves to grow houseplants because they decorate the apartment, cheer up. I help my grandmother plant them, take care of them. Recently, we have become interested in rare plants. Once I learned from a television program that an exotic plant can be grown from a seed in our region. I wanted to try it myself. I consulted with my grandmother and my teacher, they agreed to help me with this experiment. So experiment and observation that is part of any experiment will be the main methods in the course of research work.

Hypothesis my work: suppose that at home you can grow not only lemon, date, but also mango from seeds.
We decided to buy dates, mango and lemon. When the fruit was happily eaten, fresh seeds and seeds remained in the palm of your hand, just extracted from the ripe pulp, which means they are quite viable and ready for growth. For some reason, it is believed that beautiful plants will grow from them that will take root in the house for many years, and I want to give them this chance.

Goal: grow plants from mango seeds, lemon and date.

Tasks:
1. Learn to take care of plants yourself.
2. Learn as much as possible about the planted plants, study reference literature about them.
3. To develop hard work, endurance.
4. To develop the ability to observe, compare, analyze.
5. Foster a responsible attitude and interest in indoor plants as objects of the surrounding world.

The human need for plants is high. In addition to the decorative effect, the leaves of these plants attract toxins, gases, dust. They can be grown at least due to the fact that they have a phytoncidal effect.

Planting
Landing conditions. Soil composition.
Expanded clay drainage. Product of CJSC MNPL FART. Firm "Garden of Miracles". Prevents soil acidification. Optimizes moisture and air exchange. Eliminates the appearance of mold and mosses on the soil surface. Helps plants to cope with periods of forced drought. Additive to flower peat soils. The volume of soil in the package is 2 liters. City Saint Petersburg, st. Lensovet No. 58.
Nutrient soil "Palma" (completely ready-made, neutral). Contains biohumus. Products of CJSC "MNPL" FART ". Firm "Garden of Miracles".
It is especially effective for growing large specimens of ornamental plants: palms (date, hamerops and others), ficus, dracaena. Production city St. Petersburg, st. Lensovet No. 58.
Fertilizer based on vermicompost "Ideal", universal. Origin: liquid fraction of the natural waste product of earthworms. Recommended: for feeding all types of vegetable, fruit, berry, green, flower crops and seedlings, as well as for soaking seeds and rooting cuttings. Production city of Moscow.
Means for soil pests "Mukhoed". It is used to combat soil flies and mushroom mosquitoes on indoor plants. Firm "August". Troitsk city, Moscow region.

Conclusion: The study of recommendations for planting plants and instructions for use, as well as analysis of the composition of ready-made universal products intended for growing all types of flower crops, is preparatory work before conducting an experiment on growing fruit plants.

1

Bragina Yu.Yu. (Usolye-Sibirskoye, GOKU "Sanatorium boarding school No. 4")

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2. Bernie D. Trees. Facts, finds, discoveries. - M .: Publishing house Makhaon, 2010.64 p.

3. Life of trees. - M .: Publishing house Makhaon, 2014 .-- 32 p.

4. Cutler K., Russell T. Trees of the world. Illustrated Encyclopedia. - Moscow: Eksmo Publishing House, 2014 .-- 256 p.

5. Kovalchuk V.P. Collection of methods for the study of soils and plants. - Kiev: Publishing house Trud-Gripol-XXIvik, 2010 .-- 252 p.

6. Mettle R. Big Book about forests and trees. - M .: Publishing house Klever Media Group, 2014 .-- 56 p.

7. Neumyvalkin I.P. Aloe. Myths and Reality. - M .: Publishing house Dilya, 2008 .-- 128 p.

8. Pansu M., Gauteru J. Handbook. Soil analysis. - SPb .: Publishing house of TsOP "Professiya", 2014. - 800 p.

9. Purcell L. Trees: beauty and harmony. Photo album. - M .: Publishing house Kolibri, 2013 .-- 544 p.

10. Ride J., Ride M. Trees heal. Everything about healing power trees. - M .: Publishing house "My World", 2006. - 144 p.

11. Fomin G.S., Fomin A.G. The soil. Quality control and environmental safety in accordance with international standards. - M: Publishing house Protector, 2001 .-- 305 p.

12. Hession D. All about indoor plants. - M .: Publishing house Kladez-Buks, 2004 .-- 258 p.

13. Hession D.G. All about ornamental trees and shrubs. - M .: Publishing house Kladez-Buks, 2007 .-- 128 p.

14. Chamovitz D. Secret knowledge of plants. What flowers and trees see, hear and understand. - M .: Publishing house Tsentrpoligraf, 2015 .-- 224 p.

There is a huge variety of trees on our planet that amaze people with their amazing shapes, fruits, and amazing beauty. We are all accustomed to how the trees surrounding us look like in everyday life, so if we see something that is not like them, at first we cannot even believe that such unusual trees exist. In the modern world, many exotic trees are grown indoors. It's wonderful when a piece of the beauty of our planet is in your house on the windowsill. And it's just a miracle when you have your own decorative mini tree plantation.

Many exotic trees, atypical for our Siberian climate, can be grown at home. You feel a sense of delight when a planted plant suddenly appears from the soil, and a fragile sprout gradually turns into a tree. This is your Miracle Tree!

Purpose of the study - monitoring the growth of exotic trees in indoor and outdoor conditions, studying the method of seed germination and plant growth with Aloe vera juice, creating biofertilizers based on natural components.

Were delivered tasks:

1. Study the literature on the diversity of exotic trees.

2. Pick and plant tree seeds.

3. Take care of the plants indoors for 2 years.

4. Observe the growth of trees in the open field in summer.

5. To study the methods of germination and growth of plants with Aloe vera juice.

6. Make a fertilizer based on natural ingredients.

The relevance of the study is associated with the study of the germination and growth of decorative exotic trees in indoor conditions, the improvement of their growth characteristics based on the use of Aloe vera juice and biofertilizer produced experimentally.

The novelty of the chosen topic. For the first time, guided by generally accepted methods, the author of the work independently at home made a liquid biofertilizer from natural components, the composition of which has no analogues. Experiments were carried out using fertilizer on indoor trees, practical results were obtained and conclusions were drawn.

The hypothesis put forward. Is it possible to grow "Miracle Tree" with your own hands in a room environment? How to do it competently from a scientific and practical point of view?

The objects of research were exotic trees that were independently grown by the author of the work.

Research methods:

1. Natural.

1.1. Monitoring the germination of plants from seeds.

1.2. Study of tree growth in indoor and outdoor conditions.

The research consisted in determining a number of plant parameters:

a) the external characteristics of trees in summer and winter seasons years: plant growth rate, survival rate during transplantation, flowering;

b) the number of germinated seeds and the length of the first leaf using Aloe vera juice;

c) seed germination and external characteristics of grown trees after the application of biofertilizer.

2. Experimental.

2.1. Seed germination method according to the international standard ISO 11269-1 and the use of the computer program Corel DRAW.

2.2. Preparation of a solution from natural components (biohumus, vermiculite, birch ash, Aloe vera juice).

2.3. Determination of the acidity of the medium using a universal indicator paper.

Practical significance. Research expands the understanding of exotic tree cultivation. The recommendations proposed in the work allow you to competently approach the germination of seeds and grow healthy, strong plants in the future. Liquid biofertilizer, first made by the author of the work, can be recommended for practical purposes.

How to grow a "Miracle Tree" from an "ordinary bone"

The work started in October 2014. The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating it appeared after reading the poem by K.I. Chukovsky's "Miracle Tree". According to literary sources, the diversity of the planet's trees was studied and the first report was compiled. It is known that trees are the lungs of our planet. Without trees, man could not exist on earth. There are many trees growing on our planet. According to famous biologists, there are over one hundred thousand species of trees. Their diversity is amazing, and the beauty and splendor are mesmerizing. Scientists have long proven that trees have a beneficial effect on the human body. While walking through the forest, you get a boost of vivacity and good mood.

There are magical and wonderful places on our planet where milk, bread, sausage, cheese, candy, strawberry, chocolate, grape and melon trees grow. What are the most unusual and amazing trees in the world? According to the literature, species of trees were selected, the seeds of which can be grown in indoor conditions.

The stores sell lemon, orange, tangerine trees with fruits and I can't believe that the same plant can grow in your home. Growing a lemon, orange, pomegranate from a seed is much more interesting than buying ready-made plants. The main thing is to always remember that it is not difficult at all and is quite accessible to everyone. Fruit seeds bought in the store are interesting in that you never know what will grow from them. Seedlings almost always do not retain the varietal characteristics of their parents. If everything is done correctly, the plants will be healthy, strong and initially adapted exactly to your home conditions. Over time, you realize that this is a rewarding job - for patient, caring and responsible "testers". Eating fruit, planting seeds and waiting for the sprouts is the beginning of your miracle.

Selection of tree seeds, their sowing and the appearance of the first shoots

At the second stage of the work, the question was posed: "Is it possible to grow the Miracle Tree at home?" Seeds are planted to achieve this indoor treesthat were bought in a flower shop: Dwarf Pomegranate, Orpheus Nightshade, Red-leaved Hibiscus, several types of decorative palms. These plants were chosen because they are not very whimsical for indoor conditions. In addition, fresh seeds of Pomegranate and Orange were taken to check the recommendations for growing trees from the "regular seed". Seeds of Pomegranate and Orange were planted in large quantities for the purpose of further experiments, as well as to create a useful vitamin herbal tea from the leaves of these plants.

Experience has shown that the seeds are capable of fairly good germination: Red-leaved Hibiscus rose in 7 days, Dwarf Pomegranate - in 12 days, Orpheus Nightshade - in 25 days (Fig. 1). However, several types of palm trees did not emerge and showed negative results. The best seedlings were obtained from fresh seeds. Fresh seeds of Pomegranate and Orange sprouted very amicably - in 12-15 days and developed well (Fig. 2). For 9 months, observations were made of the growth rate of trees in indoor conditions. In mid-June 2015, the plants were transplanted into open ground, where observations continued.

Hibiscus (after 7 days) Pomegranate (12 days)

Orange (after 15 days) Nightshade (after 25 days)

Figure: 1. Plant shoots

Figure: 2. Amicable growth of plants from fresh seeds on the windowsill

Monitoring the growth of plants in the open field

The experiment continued in summer period in natural conditions. All observations were carried out at a summer cottage (Usolsky district). The grown plants of Pomegranate, Orange and Nightshade were planted in open ground, without any additional cover. For plants, the following indicators were studied: survival in open ground, growth (growth rate), flowering. All plants showed different results (Table 1). The best performance was noted for Nightshade. This plant took root very easily, grew well and gave abundant flowering. In second place was Orange, which had a slightly worse flowering compared to Nightshade. The pomegranate showed poor survival rate (after transplanting, the plants had to create more shaded conditions), lack of flowering, but rather good growth in height. At the end of summer, the height of the plants was measured and the total growth was estimated (Table 1). The best results were shown by Nightshade and Orange. In the summer, Nightshade not only bloomed very well, but by the end of August - beginning of September the plants were "hung" with beautiful orange-red berries.

Table 1

Growth parameters of decorative trees in summer outdoors

In the autumn-winter period, several plants of each species were transplanted into indoor conditions, where the study of their growth characteristics continued (Fig. 3), and leaves for herbal tea were collected from the remaining plants of Pomegranate, Orange and Nightshade.

Nightshade orange

Figure: 3. Type of trees before transplanting into open ground (a) and after (b)

Seed germination method with Aloe vera juice

Considering that the seeds of several types of palm trees could not germinate, we decided to conduct an experiment on seed germination with a natural biostimulant, which was used as Aloe vera juice. The seed germination method was carried out according to the international standard ISO 11269-1. According to the methodology and application of the international standard, it was wheat seeds that were selected. For the experiment to be carried out correctly, the seeds of wheat were taken tested, with good germination (variety "Irkutskaya winter"). The effect of Aloe juice, as a growth biostimulant, on seed germination, growth and development of the tested decorative trees was experimentally tested. Not everyone knows that aloe is a good growth biostimulator for other plants, which is due to its beneficial vitamin composition.

The experiment took place in several stages. Its implementation was carried out independently by the author of the work at home (Fig. 4).

Figure: 4. Stages of the experiment on germinating seeds with Aloe vera juice (international standard ISO 11269-1)

The consultations concerning the germination of seeds were carried out with the staff of the Small School Academy on the basis of SIFIBR SB RAS, Irkutsk.

Experiment progress

1. Varietal wheat seeds were washed in purified water and 25 pieces were placed in plastic cups with lids (6 pieces).

2. 10 ml of water was added to each glass. Then only 3 cups were allocated and 3 drops of fresh Aloe vera juice were added to them. Thus, it turned out that the experiment was carried out in three repetitions.

3. The experiment showed that seeds germinate much better with Aloe vera juice (23-24 seeds out of 25), without juice - worse (21-22 seeds out of 25). After 24 hours, the germinated seeds were transferred to special Petri dishes, where the experiment continued. 5 ml of water was added to the cups. The seeds that were originally treated with Aloe vera juice were kept in separate labeled cups.

4. On the 3rd day of the experiment, the seeds had good roots and the first leaf began to emerge. It was necessary to transfer the germinated seeds into special, taller, cups for their further growth.

5. On the 5th day of the experiment, measurements were made of the first leaf of plants in computer program (fig. 5). For this, the seedlings were removed from the cups and then scanned while maintaining the size of the resulting image. The resulting pictures were transferred to the graphics program Corel DRAW, where the length of the first sheet in mm was measured using a special ruler. The experiment showed that with Aloe vera sap the length of the first leaf is 1.6 times longer (Table 2). Thus, in the course of the experiment, it was proved that Aloe vera juice actually improves seed germination and plant growth.

table 2

First sheet length measurement values

Figure: 5. Measuring the length of the first sheet in the computer program Corel DRAW

An experiment to create a liquid biofertilizer based on natural components

The experiments continued, and a liquid biofertilizer was made based on natural components. The fertilizer includes: vermicompost - source organic matter; vermiculite - a source of minerals; birch ash is a source of plant nutrients; Aloe vera juice is a source of vitamins. The composition of the fertilizer has no analogues. When creating it, we were guided by the advice of the employees of the Small School Academy and reading special literature on caring for indoor plants. The experiment was carried out independently by the author of the work (Fig. 6).

Figure: 6. Stages of the experiment to create a liquid biofertilizer based on natural components

Experiment progress

1. On special scales in separate cups were weighed: biohumus - 20 g; vermiculite - 10 g; birch ash - 1 gr. The work was carried out in duplicate. The components were poured through a funnel into flasks and filled to the mark (200 ml) with purified water. We were guided by the method of preparation of soil extracts.

2. The solutions stood for 24 hours, after which they were mixed and filtered. 20 drops of Aloe vera juice was added to each flask.

3. The acidity of the medium was measured in the solutions. It turned out that the results correspond to pH 7, which characterizes the liquid fertilizer medium as the most favorable for plant growth and development.

In the practical application of this fertilizer, we found that Orange seeds watered with biofertilizer during planting germinate much faster and more amicably (Fig. 7). However, the fertilizer must be diluted before use. The following dilution has shown good results: 1 part fertilizer + 5 parts water. It was also noted that spraying plants with liquid biofertilizer (Fig. 8) increases their growth rate and increases their aesthetics. appearance, the leaves of the plants become more green and glossy.

Figure: 7. Planting seeds (a) and seedlings of plants using biofertilizer (b) and without (c)

Figure: 8. Results of processing Orange plants with biofertilizer

Conclusion

Studies have shown that even exotic trees can be grown indoors. It has been found that growing exotic seed trees is difficult, although very rewarding, not everyone would dare to. Firstly, you need almost unlimited patience, and secondly, you need to make an effort, because the seeds and sprouts will need your constant attention... But the result will certainly exceed expectations.

In the course of the experimental part of the work, the following conclusions were obtained:

1. Trees must be transplanted into open ground in summer. Under natural conditions, plants have good growth, they bloom profusely, fruits appear, and in the future they tolerate winter better.

2. Aloe vera juice is a very good biostimulant for seed germination, while the plants grown with the juice are healthier and stronger, have better aesthetic characteristics.

3. Biofertilizer prepared independently on the basis of a complex of natural components (biohumus, vermiculite, birch ash) and Aloe vera juice has shown good practical results.

4. Exotic trees from fresh seeds (for example, Orange, Pomegranate, Nightshade), grown both indoors and outdoors, can be used for herbal tea, plant leaves contain a complex of vitamins and have beneficial properties.

Thus, if you wish and diligence, you can always grow an exotic tree on your windowsill. With proper plant care, you can get excellent results. IN an ordinary apartment you will have your own "Miracle Tree". After all, growing plants is a combination of beauty, kindness and benefit. You just need a little magic in your heart!

Bibliographic reference

Shergina A.V. EXPERIENCE IN CULTIVATION OF EXOTIC TREES (EXPERIMENTS WITH THE USE OF ALOE VERA AND THE CREATION OF BIOMETERNAL) // International School Scientific Bulletin. - 2016. - No. 1. - P. 53-60;
URL: http://school-herald.ru/ru/article/view?id\u003d8 (date accessed: 04/03/2020).

Growing exotic plants in our latitudes is an interesting and rewarding activity. Most indoor plants - people from equatorial latitudes - feel great on the southern windowsills of northern countries, bloom and bear fruit. The main thing is to provide them with proper and regular care, a lot of light, warmth and moisture, as in their native climate, and then you can recreate a small tropical garden in your home.

The work I have done has confirmed that tropical plants can be grown at home. I managed to grow tropical plants at home. The results of my work can find practical application: grown flowering plants can be used for landscaping a classroom, school recreation or donated to friends and family.

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Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Secondary school number 6"

Research

Growing tropical plants at home

Completed by: Tkachenko Alexandra

Grade 9

Head: Nemirovich Natalia Nikolaevna

biology teacher

Sergiev Posad

2018

1. Introduction

2. Main part

2.1. Avocado

2.1.1. Avocado biology

2.1.2 Health Benefits of Avocado

2.2 Mango

2.2.1. Mango biology

2.2.2. Mango fruit. Benefit.

2.2.3. Mango fruit. Harm.

2.2.4. How is mango fruit eaten?

2.3. Pomelo

2.3.1. Pomelo biology

3. Practical part

3.1. Growing avocado

3.2. Growing mango

3.3. Growing pomelo

Conclusion

Literature

Introduction

A rare apartment is complete without greenery, but not many decide to take up the cultivation of tropical plants at home. On the windowsills, unpretentious bushes are usually settled, which can be watered from time to time and only occasionally fertilized.Houseplants look great in the interior of houses and apartments, have a positive effect on well-being, refresh the atmosphere, please the eye and soothe. In a flower shop, of course, the heart stops in front of shelves with lush foliage, beautiful flowers and outlandish names, but everyone intellectually understands that these are museum exhibits, nothing more, and such miracles in an apartment are simply not capable of growing, because they come from the tropics. But sometimes you want something original, unusual, rare, something that could surprise guests and be proud of. This is about exotic plants that can be grown indoors. Avocado, pomelo, pomegranate, pineapple, bonsai, cypress, jasmine and many other wonderful plants can decorate your home. In my work, I will tell you how I grew tropical plants in indoor conditions.

Purpose of work: Creation of a favorable climate in rooms for tropical plants.

Tasks:

• Learn to recognize and care for indoor plants;
• To develop an aesthetic perception in interior design;
• Improve artistic taste.
• To develop the cognitive interest of students by introducing them to search and project creative work.

Expected results:

• Be able to identify indoor plants;
• Be able to grow tropical plants from seeds;
• Be able to take care of indoor plants;
• Be able to carry out planting techniques, take care of plants;

2. Main part

2.1. Avocado

2.1.1. Avocado biology

The history of the use of avocados goes back at least 7 thousand years, but they began to actively cultivate it in the middle of the 18th century, however, the fruit quickly spread around the planet. Avocados came to Russia at the beginning of the 20th century, and nowadays they are bred in 50 countries of the world.

Avocados can be pear-shaped, oval or spherical, up to 10 cm long and weighing up to 1.5 kg. In total, more than 200 varieties of this fruit grow in the world, only a few species are sold in Russia. Many of us, ordinary people, do not even think about it. But its fat content, consistency and taste depend on the avocado variety.

Avocado ("alligator pear") is a species of evergreen fruit plants from the genus Perseus of the Laurel family. The avocado can be ovoid, often pear-shaped. Ripe avocado has a green or dark green color, tender buttery flesh and a bone inside. Avocados ripen after harvest. Unripe avocados are delivered for export and in stores, which ripen during the transportation and sale of the fruit.

Avocados are native to central Mexico. Avocados are now grown in many countries with tropical and Mediterranean climates due to their commercial value.

The taste of an unripe avocado resembles that of a pumpkin or unripe pear, the flesh is firm and the skin is firm. But a ripe avocado has a delicate pulp with a taste of greens and butter puree with a subtle nutty aftertaste, and when pressed, a hollow remains on the peel.

Ripe avocado, or rather its flesh, is subject to enzymatic darkening, it quickly turns brown as a result of contact with air. To prevent this, after peeling the skin of the avocado, sprinkle the pulp with lemon juice.

This exotic fruit is rich in vitamins and minerals.

2.1.2. Health benefits of avocado

Avocado has many health benefits. Above all, avocados are prized for their ability to suppress and destroy cancer cells without harming healthy cells. Thus, avocado is able to prevent breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men.

Avocados contain more lutein carotenoids than any other fruit we eat. Lutein protects against molecular degeneration and cataracts, which are age-related eye conditions.

Avocados are high in beta-sitosterol, a compound that helps lower blood cholesterol levels. In support of this, a study was conducted in which 45 volunteers participated, who had to eat one avocado after a meal for a week. As a result of the study, excellent results were achieved, the cholesterol level decreased by an average of 17%, and this is only in one week.

One cup of mashed avocado pulp contains 23% of the RDA of folate, and consuming it regularly can significantly reduce the risk of stroke and other cardiovascular diseases.

Regular consumption of avocados strengthens the immune system, relieves fatigue and irritability. Avocado has a tonic effect, increasing physical endurance and activity, stress resistance.

Avocado brings a lot of benefits to our health, but the harm it can do is quite small. Avocado can be harmful to health only in case of individual intolerance. Also, you should not try the avocado seed and leaves, as they contain toxic substances that can cause allergies or digestive problems.

Today, avocados are used in many salads and sauces. This fruit is loved all over the world. But few people know about its beneficial properties, which, by the way, are not few!

Avocados are rich in nutrients and high in calories at the same time. It contains 245 calories per 100 grams of the product. However, it does not contain harmful fats and sugars, therefore it is actively included in the diet.

The avocado contains components that prevent the formation of cholesterol in the blood and break down the accumulated cholesterol. So for those who like to eat a sandwich with tea for breakfast, I advise you to replace butter and cheese with the pulp of a ripe avocado with olive oil and a little salt.

Avocado is the record holder for vitamin E content, so in winter, when the skin is a little dry and the lips are chapped, avocados are especially useful!

Believe it or not, avocado promotes anti-aging cell protection and stimulates cell oxygenation. It includes natural hormones and other biologically active substances that have a rejuvenating effect on the human body.

The beneficial properties of avocados have also been used by manufacturers of cosmetics. Avocado is an excellent source of glutathione, an important antioxidant that plays an important role in preventing aging, which is why avocado extract is included in the rejuvenation cream. It is also used in moisturizers and cleansing creams for the skin, as well as sunscreens, lipsticks, bath oils, conditioners andvitamin mask for hair shine .

Avocado oil has the highest level of skin penetration and has excellent softening and soothing effects on it.

2.2 Mango

2.2.1. Mango biology.

Mango (Indian mango tree) is an evergreen tree originally native to India, where it is still considered a national plant, as in Pakistan. Under natural conditions of growth, depending on age and variety, its height can reach from ten to forty-five meters, and the diameter of the crown is from five to twenty. The delicious fruit of the mango is called the "fruit of the gods."

The fruit of the mango tree has an oblong and rounded shape, slightly compressed from the sides. The shiny skin of the fruit is quite smooth and dense to the touch. If the fruit is not ripe, then the skin of the fruit is green.

Today, a huge number of varieties of mango are known, the fruits of which have a different mass and color of dense, smooth skin. The average weight of a fruit ranges from two hundred grams to one kilogram. The color can be white, greenish yellow, bright green, yellowish orange, red, black.

Depending on the variety, the shape of the fruit can be ovoid or spherical. They have a juicy, fibrous pulp of yellow or orange color. When ripe, it has a sweet taste with a slight sourness. The aroma of fruits varies, it can resemble peach, apricot, rose, melon, pineapple, lemon. When cutting the fruit, one cannot but notice a large bone inside, which has a flat shape and a fleecy surface. The seed (bone) size is also quite impressive. It can be from five to ten centimeters in length, and up to fifty grams in weight.

Mango is exotic fruit for northern latitudes, and therefore few residents from settlements of a temperate climate know about the benefits of the fruit itself, how to use it correctly and what to fear. Mangoes are grown in Southeast Asia, and India is the undisputed leader in this matter. It is in this country that about 70% of the plantings different culturesthat are purposefully cultivated by humans are mango trees. It is difficult to say what happened in the beginning: at first, mango became a symbol of India and its national fruit, and therefore it is grown so much, or vice versa, at first they began to grow it, and only then it became a symbol of India. Of course, one thing - it was India that became the birthplace of mango trees, the fruits of which in this country can be found in any grocery store, not to mention supermarkets.

There are many types of mango. According to some data, there are about 400 of them. So, the fruit itself is being mythologized even more, giving it a direct relationship to something Indian. It is believed that there are exactly as many varieties of mango fruits as there are adverbs in India itself.

Experts also count from 800 to 1500 varieties of this fruit. But it should be noted that no more than fifty, or rather 35 fruits of this wonderful fruit are suitable for consumption. Several centuries before our era, wandering Buddhist monks introduced the inhabitants and traders of East Asia to mangoes, and the Persians exported this fruit to East Africa.

Thus, mango has been known for more than 2.5 millennia, but interest in it, as we see, has not diminished over time, and in India itself it is consumed by both aristocrats and the poor. This means that we should take a closer look at him.

2.2.2. Mango fruit. Benefit.

There is no doubt that the fruit itself is very healthy. Otherwise, it would not have been used with such persistence for more than 2.5 millennia, and the Americans would not have tried to withdraw it more than 100 years ago in their latitudes.

Hundreds of peoples and thousands of generations cannot be mistaken, which means that it makes sense to consider in more detail what all these people have found so valuable in him, to whose wisdom we sometimes so often appeal.

The ancients long ago noticed that the use of the fruit of the mango tree prolongs life and warns the body against many diseases. Leaving for distant north-western countries, traders stayed on the way for a long time, and noted the loss of strength and failing health, which were observed due to the lack of these fruits in the daily diet.

Later, scientists found out that mango has a whole complex of nutrients and vitamins, its use has a preventive effect on humans, preventing the most serious diseases.

Regular consumption of mango leads to the fact that the blood vessels are strengthened, cholesterol is removed from the blood, and the heart muscle is strengthened, and its work is significantly improved.

The substances that this fruit contains also perform a hematopoietic function. It is these properties of the fruit that allow avoiding cardiovascular diseases, which today affect 15-17% of the inhabitants of countries in the post-Soviet space.

A comprehensive study by American and Australian scientists of the beneficial properties of mango has shown that daily consumption of this fruit relieves atherosclerosis, leads to normal blood sugar levels, which helps prevent the occurrence of diseases such as diabetes. In addition, the substances of this fruit reduce allergic and inflammatory processes in the body, improve the functioning of the brain.

The huge content of vitamin A in mango has a stimulating effect on improving human visual functions, eliminates dry cornea, helps to cope with diseases such as night blindness, and prevents cataracts and other eye diseases.

In addition to vitamin A, the fruit contains vitamins such as C, D and, of course, vitamins of group B. In addition to vitamins, mango contains phosphorus, iron and calcium. In terms of the composition of minerals, it is similar to an apple, and therefore has all the same consequences as when eating apples.

An English proverb says that by eating an apple a day, you save on doctors. This is fully true in relation to mango, the use of which strengthens the immune system, protects against acute respiratory infections, infections and colds.

2.2.3. Mango fruit. Harm.

Excess is always bad. Everywhere and in everything. This also fully applies to the use of the fruit of the mango tree. If you lean heavily on the use of these fruits, then the first thing that can be felt very quickly is an intestinal upset.

Eating more than 2 fruits a day can cause stabbing pain in the abdomen and irritation of the throat. Further, an allergic reaction to the fruit itself may follow.

It may well be a rash all over the body, which clearly indicates an excess intake of mango in the body. Despite the fact that, unlike many exotic fruits, mango does not require any adaptation period, it is nevertheless worth remembering that it was brought from afar, which means that there are some restrictions in its use.

You can not eat mango and those people who suffer from diabetes. The fact is that the fruit contains a lot of sugars, such as glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, xylose and others. This means that despite all the preventive effect of eating the mango fruit, diabetics will have to give it up.

2.2.4. How is mango fruit eaten?

Every time, faced with a new type of food, you involuntarily wonder what to do with it. Mango is no exception. When faced with this fruit for the first time, they try to peel it, which, as described above, is not suitable for consumption, and eat it like an apple.

There are no contraindications to such use. The only drawback of this use is the huge risk that all hands will end up in the mango juice, and it will definitely get on your clothes. And this juice is removed very badly, and you risk permanently parting with spoiled clothes. And if the process of eating mango takes place somewhere at a party, then you risk ruining the evening for yourself and the hosts.

To avoid this embarrassment, you need to eat mangoes in a more flavorful way. To do this, an incision is made along the entire length of the fruit on both sides, thus cutting off all the pulp from the fruit bone.

In the hands there will be two halves of the fruit, which can be turned outward with the pulp, cutting it into small squares on the peel, which are very convenient to eat without risking getting dirty.

2.3. Pomelo

2.3.1. Pomelo biology

The first mention of the use of pomelo dates back to 100 BC. The records are preserved in Chinese manuscripts. The homeland of the pomelo is considered Malaysia, the southeastern part of Asia, the islands of Fiji and Tongo. The pomelo is considered a symbol of well-being and prosperity, which is why it is customary in China to give this fruit on the eve of the Chinese New Year. For offering to the gods and performing rituals, the fruit is used in Thailand. The pomelo was brought to European countries by a British navigator in the 14th century. Today, on a scale of export, pomelos are cultivated in China, Japan, Vietnam, Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia, India, Israel and Tahiti.

Pomelo ) Is the citrus fruit of the eponymous evergreen tree. Pomelo is a relative of tangerines, oranges and grapefruit. By the way, this is not a type of grapefruit, but independent view... It is much larger in size than the citrus fruits we know. The taste is also slightly different. The homeland of the pomelo or pomeplius is the south of China and the equatorial islands of the Pacific Ocean. In particular, it is quite common in the Cook Islands. In the 15th century, Pomeplius came to Europe, spread to Barbados, to the islands of the Caribbean. Now it grows quietly in Taiwan, southern Japan, Vietnam, Indonesia, Tahiti, California, and even Israel. Since this fruit was brought to Europe by the English navigator Sheddock, in some places it was named after his name, and it is called that - sheddog. At home in China, this fruit is especially popular. The Chinese consider this fruit a kind of symbol of prosperity and give it to New Yearso that prosperity and luck come to the house. Maybe for this reason, for so long the Chinese kept these fruits a secret from foreigners. Pomelo trees are quite tall, sometimes reaching a height of 8-10 meters. The branches have large glossy leaves and many internal thorns, some varieties without thorns. Pamela blooms with large white flowers, the fruits grow either singly, or in 6-8 pieces in close proximity to each other. The fruits are large, ranging in size from two to three kilograms, sometimes up to 10 kg. The peel is dense, yellow-green. Under the skin there are large slices and large seeds. The aroma is quite pleasant, like all citrus fruits. Pamela, although outwardly and resembles a grapefruit or an orange, is much larger in size, and the taste is also completely different, less sweet with a slight pleasant bitterness. The peel of the fruit is quite thick, and the slices are large, separated by hard white partitions, with a bitter taste. Ripe broomsticks can range in color from light green to yellow-pink. Usually only one side acquires a pink color, which during maturation was turned towards the sun. The fruit holds the record for citrus fruits. Its diameter can be 30 cm, and its weight can reach 10 kg. The taste of the pomelo is very close tograpefruit however, the flesh is not so juicy and when peeled, the inner membranes are easier to separate from the edible part.

2.3.2. Useful and healing properties.

The pomelo contains a wide range of vitamins (, , IN 1 , AT 2 , B5), minerals ( calcium , potassium , iron , phosphorus , sodium ), fiber, essential oils and organic acids. Nutritionists consider this product to be useful and recommend using it when following a diet. This is due to the ability of the pomelo to speed up metabolic processes, which in turn leads to the burning of body fat and weight loss.

The high content of vitamin C in pomelo increases the body's resistance, helps fight viruses and bacteria, especially in the autumn-spring period. It is also used to reduce pressure, prevent blood clots and tumors of various etymologies.

This fruit is very juicy, perfectly quenches thirst and hunger. Very rich essential oils, antioxidants and ascorbic acid. At home, the pomelo is widely used in the treatment of colds. Pamela juice is rich in flavonoids, which weaken the action of free radicals that cause aging of cells, and also has antiseptic properties and the ability to strengthen the immune system. The seed extract is successfully used in the treatment of infectious diseases of the skin and mucous membranes, in the treatment of eczema, fungal infections, psoriasis. The pulp of the fruit has a beneficial effect on the digestive system, it absorbs toxins, improves the breakdown of protein and fats, cleanses the liver, pancreas and intestines. In fact, pomelo is a natural antibiotic. It is successfully used to prevent the body with low hemoglobin, atherosclerosis, with high blood sugar, and hypertensive heart disease. Pomelo improves vision at night. The use of pamela in nutrition increases hemoglobin. Local healers use pamela to prevent the development of cancerous tumors. For this, a peel is used, which contains a large amount of bioflavonoids that can stop the development of cancer cells. It is especially effective for the treatment of breast cancer in women. How it looks from a scientific point of view is not yet known, but there are very, very many positive examples.

1. Practical part

It is not difficult to grow tropical plants at home. Anyone can do it, even those who have no experience in gardening. You need to choose a plant and follow the method of growing it. Well, I chose avocados and mangoes, watched them, watered them, measured them. Now I have wonderful plants on my windowsill that continue to grow and delight me every day. Now I will tell you how to plant and care for them.

3.1. Growing avocado

3.1.1. Experience description

1.Pull out the bone. Carefully cut the avocado so as not to damage the pit in the center of the fruit. Make an incision 1.2 cm deep around the fruit, then twist the two halves in opposite directions. Gently pull out the bone and set it aside.

2.Clean the bone. Gently rinse the pit in warm water, using your hands to remove any remaining pulp. Do not use soap, and try not to damage the brown shell, otherwise the bone may deteriorate and not germinate.

3. Insert the toothpicks into the bone. Holding the bone with the sharp end up, stick four toothpicks into the middle of the bone, to a depth of about 5 mm, at an equal distance from each other. In this way, the bone can be half submerged in water in a glass, without being completely immersed.

4. Fill a glass or other container with water. Pour water to the brim into a small, narrow container (preferably glass). The bone should fit in this container without any problems, but if the container is too wide, the toothpicks will not reach the edges and the stone will fall into the water.

5.Place the pit with the inserted toothpicks on the edges of the container. The toothpicks should rest on the edge of the container, leaving the pit half submerged in the water. Make sure the sharp end of the seed is facing up and the blunt end is in the water, otherwise the seed will not germinate.

6. Wait for germination. Set the container of avocado in a secluded spot near a window or other well-lit area. Roots and shoots will appear over time.

3.1.2. Observations of plant development. Avocado.

date	Changes	Leaf development
02.04	I put it in the water
25.04	A spine appeared
13.05	Planted in the ground
16.05	Plant growth: 5mm
19.05	1.5 cm
20.05	2 cm
21.05	3cm
22.05	3.9 cm
25.05	6.5 cm
01.06	16 cm	3 cm
08.06	21 cm	6-7 cm
15.06	23 cm
22.06	24.5 cm
29.06	25 cm
06.07	28 cm
13.07	30 cm
20.07	32 cm	17cm
27.07	33 cm
03.08	34 cm
10.08	35.5 cm
17.08	37 cm

3.2. Growing mango

3.2.1. Experience description

1. Remove the stone from the ripe fruit. To do this, cut it in half, take out the bone and clean it from the remnants of the pulp.

2. If the fruit is well ripe, it is possible that the seed has already opened in it. Otherwise, you will need to open it yourself with a knife. This is done so that the sprout can easily and easily penetrate the ground and quickly begin to develop. Remove the seed from the shell carefully so as not to damage it. If the bone is very dense and you cannot split it, leave it to ripen. To do this, wrap the bone with a wet napkin and put it in a warm place. Remember to add water periodically to keep the cloth moist at all times. It can take up to two weeks for a seed to germinate.

3. Pour a 2 cm layer of pebble drainage into the bottom of the pot. Fill the pot with soil. Dig a hole in the center up to 3 cm deep, pour warm water and place the seed in the ground with its sharp end down so that a quarter of it remains above the ground. You do not need to fill up this part. If you position the seed correctly, then its root will be below, and а part of it will be on the surface. Now water the planting thoroughly.

4. We build a mini-greenhouse over the pot. To do this, cut off the plastic bottle and put the top with a lid on the pot. Now place the pot in a warm, well-lit place and wait for the shoots to emerge. Open the bottle cap periodically to allow air to flow. The bottle can be replaced with cling film stretched over the surface of the pot.

5. The first shoots appear after about 3-4 weeks. During this time, remember to maintain a moderate humidity and ensure a stable high temperature (not lower than 22-25 C °).

6. Young shoots need light, warmth and moisture. In addition to regular watering, spray the seedling.

7. The grown, matured seedling is planted in a more spacious pot filled with fertile soil.

3.2.2. Observations of plant development. Mango.

date	Changes	Leaf development
02.04	Planted
15.04	Post appeared
16.04	4.5 cm
17.04	6 cm
20.04	7.8 cm
23.04	10 cm	8 cm
26.04	10.5 cm
28.04	11 cm
05.05	11 cm
12.05	11 cm
19.05	11 cm
26.05	12 cm	12 cm
02.06	16 cm
09.06	17 cm
16.06	17 cm
23.06	17 cm
30.06	17 cm
07.07	19 cm
14.07	21 cm
21.07	21 cm
28.07	21.3 cm
04.08	22 cm
11.08	22 cm
18.08	22 cm

3.3. Growing a pomelo.

3.3.1. Experience description

1.In order to grow the pamela fruit in your home, you first need to acquire seeds. To do this, you should buy fresh fruit in the store. For planting, you should choose only the largest seeds-seeds and leave them for a while in the air to dry.

2.Then you should take a saucer (or other shallow container) and cover its bottom with a napkin or cotton wool soaked in water. Then you need to put the seeds in a warm place, regularly wetting the napkin.

3. When the seeds of the fruit germinate, you will need to prepare another container for further cultivation trees of culture. It is recommended to lay the bottom of the container with drainage.

4. Pamela grows well at home in ordinary potting soil, which can be purchased at any flower shop. Pomelo seeds are planted in pits about 1.5-2 cm deep. In this case, the roots must be directed downward.

Conclusion.

The work I have done has confirmed that tropical plants can be grown at home.I managed to grow tropical plants at home.The results of my work can find practical application: grown flowering plants can be used for landscaping a classroom, school recreation or donated to friends and family.

In conclusion, I want to say that growing exotic plants in our latitudes is an interesting and rewarding activity. Most indoor plants - people from equatorial latitudes - feel great on the southern windowsills of northern countries, bloom and bear fruit. The main thing is to provide them with proper and regular care, a lot of light, warmth and moisture, as in their native climate, and then you can recreate a small tropical garden in your home.

Literature:

1. Plant care. 300 questions and answers by I. Krupichev, 2004.

2. Avadyaeva E.N. Houseplants, Moscow "Olma-PRESS" 2001
3. A. Medicinal plants, Moscow, 1999
4. A.A. Pleshakov From Earth to Heaven, Moscow "Education" 2010
5. Serpukhova V.I. "Houseplants", M., 1991
6. Stepura A. “Houseplants. Practical encyclopedia ", publishing house World of books, Moscow, 2004

Internet resources:

http://www.florets.ru.

http://webgarden.livejournal.com/profile

http://www.rastenuya.ru/ficusosob.html