Social and economic efficiency of the resort and recreational economy. Recreational economy in Russia. Resort and recreational potential of Western European states, characteristics, comparative analysis

Problems of the development of the sanatorium-resort and tourist-recreational complex of the Caucasian Mineral Waters

Nagoev Alim Beslanovich

Doctor of Economic Sciences

Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekova

AND. [email protected]yandex .ru

annotation

The reforming of the Russian economy has led to the emergence of negative trends in the functioning of sanatorium and recreational organizations. The nationwide system for the implementation of sanatorium and health services ceased to exist. The sanatorium-resort institutions were faced with the task of adapting to the conditions of market relations. The absence of normative and legislative acts contributed to the development of a spontaneous process of privatization and corporatization of sanatoriums, which destroyed the system of functioning and reduced funding for the sanatorium-resort complex, and presented them with a number of problems, without which their effective functioning is impossible.

Keywords: recreation, tourism, recreation complex, tourism infrastructure

Problems of development of a sanatorium and tourist complex of the Caucasian mineral waters

The abstract

Reforming of the Russian economy has led to occurrence of negative tendencies of functioning of the sanatorno-improving organizations. Has stopped existence nation-wide system of realization of sanatorno-improving services. Before resort establishments there was a problem on adaptation to conditions of market relations. Absence of acts promoted development of spontaneous process of privatization that has destroyed system of functioning and decrease in financing of a resort complex, and has put before them a number of problems without which decision their effective functioning is impossible.

Keywords: a recreation, tourism, a recreational complex, tourism infrastructure

It is well known that the tourism and recreation industry, being one of the most dynamic sectors of the world economy, has a stimulating effect on the development of key industries (transport and communications, construction, agriculture, production of consumer goods), estimated by a significant multiplier effect, which acts as a catalyst for social economic development, directly and indirectly contributes to improving the quality of life of the population.

The modern development of the world community, associated with innovative transformations in the organization of work and leisure, has led to a new understanding of not only the structure, but, first of all, the social significance of recreational tourism, its role in the reproduction of human potential.

Tourism, including recreational tourism, is one of the most profitable and intensively developing sectors of the world economy. By the beginning of the third millennium, international tourism accounted for 8% of total world exports and 30-35% of world trade in services. Total spending on domestic and international tourism accounts for 12% of the world's national product. For example, in 2003, according to the estimates of the World Tourism Organization (WTO), European countries as a whole received 476.0 billion US dollars from tourism (57% of world income from the tourism industry). According to the same data, the profitability of funds invested in tourism development is 1: 4.8, that is, one ruble gives an income of 4.8 rubles, which makes tourism a profitable industry.

Earlier, the state pursued a unified policy for the development of the sanatorium and resort complex, which was designed for the mass consumer, while the mass scale was achieved by a well-developed financing system. Financing of the development of the sanatorium-resort complex was carried out both from the state budget and from the funds of enterprises and other non-centralized sources.

In recent decades, the reform of the Russian economy has led to a change in the organizational and legal forms of ownership of sanatorium and recreation organizations. The nationwide system for the implementation of sanatorium and health services ceased to exist. The sanatorium-resort institutions faced a difficult task of adapting to the conditions of market relations; many institutions of the industry were not ready for the reforms that had come. The lack of fundamental state normative and legislative acts contributed to the development of a spontaneous process of privatization and corporatization of sanatoriums, which destroyed the system of functioning and reduced funding for the sanatorium complex.

The need to increase the efficiency of the recreational sphere, taking into account socio-political and social trends, is becoming a task of state importance in the new conditions. The importance of recreational activities at the level of an individual, group and society as a whole is formulated in many policy documents of the state level. Being one of the most important branches of the social sphere, recreation is, in essence, a socio-cultural tool in the implementation of state policy.

However, today the tourist and recreational sphere in our country is ineffective: the infrastructure is worn out and slowly being reconstructed, the conditions for the development of the market for sanatorium and health services are poorly developed in the regions, monopolism and outdated management methods prevail, as a result - a high price of vouchers with low service.

Therefore, the first problem and direction of development of the tourist and recreational sector in the regions is to ensure the availability of recreational services for the population. The second is the development of tourism, increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of the tourist and recreational complexes of the regions. Work in these areas includes the creation of a modern tourism industry and the development of its infrastructure. It is necessary to develop a systematic methodology that supports the functions and processes of managing the development of regional tourist and recreational complexes, from goal setting, collection and analysis of information, forecasting and planning of the macro environment, to the development of control actions and regulatory procedures.

To date, due to the historically established long-term anthropogenic pressure on natural medicinal resources in the region, serious environmental problems have been formed. Even in the Soviet period, as a result of the pollution of groundwater by waste products in some areas of the deposits, there were facts of pollution of mineral waters formed near the surface of the day. Some of the springs were closed for sanitary and hygienic reasons. There are facts of violation of the environmental regime on the territory of the mountain-sanitary protection zones of the resort, mostly associated with the high density of residence, including in specially protected natural areas (water protection zones, zones of formation of mineral waters).

Problems of the health resort complex. There is a significant lag of the KMV resorts in terms of the development of resort and tourist infrastructure. At the same time, we are talking not only about the material and technical base (the infrastructure itself), but also about the degree to which this infrastructure meets the cultural and leisure needs of tourists. In particular, the material and technical base of many institutions of the complex is morally and physically outdated, the insufficient level of development of the infrastructure of many resorts, a low level of service for patients in a number of health resorts, self-seizure of areas of resorts and resort areas for private construction and improper use of resort lands, weakening of control the use of natural medicinal resources leads to an irrational expenditure of the most valuable deposits of mineral waters and medicinal mud, from the standpoint of modernity, the relevance of the development of new technologies and methods of sanatorium treatment and rehabilitation of patients with different periods of stay at the resort, programs for assessing their effectiveness and quality has significantly decreased carrying out research and production work in the field of exploration and use of natural medicinal resources, development and implementation of modern technological equipment into practice.

The region has a large share of the shadow economy, which constrains the growth of tax revenues. Large corporations are pursuing a transfer pricing strategy to “withdraw” profits outside the region and minimize tax payments paid to regional and municipal budgets. The infrastructure of both production and financial markets is developing slowly. Its imperfection sets a high level of transaction costs in the economy, hinders the coherence and efficiency of interaction between individual parts of the market mechanism. Not enough attractive investment objects - enterprises with high growth potential, whose owners are interested in attracting investors; low activity of strategic investors due to insufficient awareness of the investment opportunities in the region; limited access to credit resources and other long-term financing instruments.

One of the problems in the social sphere, including demography, is characterized by the fact that over the past 15 years about 200 thousand people have moved to the KMV region. The migratory influx aggravates social problems: poverty, employment, provision of housing and social infrastructure, on the basis of which xenophobia is formed and is growing, especially towards the Caucasian peoples. The system of social protection of the population of the KMV region is experiencing serious problems with the performance of its functions due to insufficient funding, poor equipment with office equipment, computers, software, a lack of qualified personnel, and the lack of stationary social services in a number of settlements.

Problems associated with territorial development and, in particular, transport and engineering infrastructure need to be addressed. There is no scheme for the territorial planning of the KMV region, which is necessary to ensure the integral development of the territory of the specially protected ecological resort region of the Russian Federation, rational use of land resources, transport and engineering support, landscaping, and determining the main directions of urban planning policy. The administrative isolation of the cities of the Caucasian Mineral Waters contradicts the actual ecological and urban planning situation.

As for the transport and engineering infrastructure, at the moment the Mineralnye Vody airport does not meet European standards. For more than 30% of its length, the parameters of federal roads do not correspond to the achieved level of traffic intensity. The situation is similar with regional and municipal highways. For a long time, the construction of new railways at the entrances to the KMV region has not been carried out to connect with the most developed regions and centers of the European part of Russia, with the resorts of the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory and with the largest urban centers of the Caspian Sea coast

Thus, in general, there is a positive trend in the growth of the number of recreators both in the country as a whole and in the region, and in the improvement of the use of bed resources. At the same time, specific features of the development of the regional recreational complex are characteristic of the regions under study. Firms, for example, operating recreational structures in the Elbrus region, Dombai, Teberda and Arkhyz, are very weak both financially and organizationally, unable to invest on a large scale or provide an appropriate level of service.

In the regions, there is a high share of the turnover of recreational services uncontrolled by state bodies.

When examining the regulatory framework and priorities of state regulation, it is found that: level priorities (at the federal, regional and municipal levels) are not identified; the priority of industries is not declared; there are no priority criteria; time ranges of priority are not specified; personnel, financial and information support has not been allocated; the responsibility and timing of the release of regulatory and legal documents disclosing priority have not been determined; a supervisory body has not been identified in terms of priority.

There are factors hindering an increase in the income of the sanatorium and tourist complex of the regions of the South of Russia, which include: insufficient state support for recreation as a sphere of the economy; imperfection of the accounting and statistical reporting system; economic instability; a crime situation and an imperfect system of ensuring security, protection of personality and property; a decline in the standard of living of the population, the destruction of the previous system for the sale of vouchers through trade unions and social insurance funds; insufficient coverage of the recreational opportunities of the regions in the Russian mass media.

The recreational sphere can intensify the development of the studied regional economies. At the same time, we must not forget about the anthropogenic pressures on the biosphere caused by the development of this, perhaps, relatively ecologically clean, but not ecologically harmless, industry. There are norms of anthropogenic load for different biogeoceneses in different zones of the country. However, in reality they are little followed, as a result of which recreational services negatively affect the ecological state of the natural complexes of the regions. On the other hand, the development of the recreational business will contribute to income growth and provide significant employment for the population of these entities.

Bibliographic list

1. About tourism in Russia. Regions of Russia. North Caucasus - Access mode: http://www.russiatourism.ru/ 03.09.2011

2. Poiseev I.I. Sustainable development of the North. Novosibirsk, publishing house "Science", Siberian Publishing Company RAS, 1999. S. 47-53.

The bibliographic

1. About tourism in Russia. Regions of Russia. The North Caucasus - an access Mode: http://www.russiatourism.ru/ 03.09.2011

2. Poiseev I.I. sustainable development of the North. Novosibirsk, "Science", the Siberian book-publishing firm of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1999. p . 47-53.

Eastern European University of Economics and Management

course work

On the topic of:
"Investment activity in the resort and recreational sphere in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea"

on subject
"Economy in the industry"

Completed by a student

E.V. Aldushina

_________________

Feodosia, 2010

Content	P.
Introduction …………………………………………………………………	3
Section 1. Recreational resources of Crimea ... ... ... ... Characteristics of the region ………………………………… .. 1.2. Analysis of the recreational and tourist potential …… CONCLUSIONS to Section 1 ………………………………………. Section 2. Analysis of the organizational and economic characteristics and investment attractiveness of the recreational and tourist potential of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea …………………………………………………………… .. 2.1. Investment attractiveness of the recreational complex ……………………………………………………… ... 2.2. Analysis of the recreational and tourist potential ……… CONCLUSIONS to Section 2 ………………………………………. Section 3. Investment activity in the resort and recreational sphere in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea …………… .. 3.1 Investment activities in recreational areas. 3.2. Positive experience in attracting investments …………. 3.3. Investment projects of republican significance…. CONCLUSIONS to Section 3 ……………………………………….	5 5 45
Conclusions….………………………………………………………… ……	48
List of references…………………………………………………… ...	53
Appendices …………………………………………………… ……… ...	55

Introduction

The development of a recreational complex in the ARC requires attracting investment resources, justifying investment projects, developing ways to attract investors, i.e. formation of investment attractiveness of the region is the most important for the region, which determines the relevance of this study.
Analysis of recent publications indicates that a number of works are devoted to the study of the recreational potential on the example of the Crimean foothills, the assessment of recreational resources. However, the problems of effective use of recreational resources in the complex have not been studied enough and require the most complete consideration, which determines the relevance of the topic.
The purpose of this work is to characterize the investment attractiveness of the Crimean peninsula for the development of resort, sanatorium, health and tourism business on its territory, assessment of recreational resources, and study of ways to increase their effective use.
Based on the goal, the following tasks are set:
characterize recreational resources and their classification:
reveal the main problems in the use of recreational resources;
identify ways to improve the effective use of recreational resources of the Crimea.
The object of this work is the study of investment activity in the resort and recreational sphere in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.
The subject of this work is investment activity in the resort and recreational sphere in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.
The study of the investment attractiveness of the ARC is devoted to the work of such domestic scientists as I.V. Berezhnaya, E.A. Mikhurinskaya, O.D. Zakharova, V.A. as the availability of recreational resources, existing elements of the region's infrastructure, material and technical base and qualified personnel.
This work consists of an introduction, three sections, conclusions, a list of references and applications.
The first section examines the recreational resources of the Crimea. This section is divided into two subsections.
The second section analyzes the investment attractiveness of the recreational potential. This section also contains two subsections.
The third section examines investment activities in Crimea. Consists of three subsections, where investment activity, investment experience and investment projects in the recreational sphere of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea are considered.
Conclusions are provided after each section. The general conclusion completes the work.
One of the most important problems of the socio - economic development of individual regions and Ukraine as a whole is to ensure sustainable economic growth and increase, on this basis, the standard of living of the population. The solution to this problem depends on many factors, including the productive capabilities of workers based on their health and physical condition. In this regard, the tourism and recreation sector plays an important role, not only providing a stimulating effect on workers, but also affecting the functioning of key sectors of the economy: transport, communications, trade, construction, agriculture, and production of consumer goods. The development of a recreational and tourist complex (RTK) provides the creation of additional jobs, an improvement in the investment climate, and the revitalization of entrepreneurial activity.

Section 1. Recreational resources of Crimea

1.1. Characteristics of the region.

Representatives of more than 101 nations and nationalities live here - more than 3 million people. There are 17 cities and 16 rural areas in Crimea.
Crimea today is an economically developed industrial-agrarian region. Its most significant industries are food, machine building, metalworking, chemical, mining, light, shipbuilding and materials production.
One of the leading industries is the highly developed food industry, which is based on productive agriculture and a fishing fleet. And the essential oil industry provides almost half of the rose oil and over two-thirds of the lavender and more than one-fifth of the sage oils produced in the country.
In diversified agriculture, livestock and grain production are of leading importance.
At the same time, horticulture, viticulture, vegetable growing, industrial poultry farming and the cultivation of southern industrial crops occupy an important place in the economy of Crimea.
An important role in the development of irrigated agriculture was played by the construction of the North Crimean Canal and its irrigation systems. The canal helps to solve the problem of water supply of the cities of Kerch, Feodosia, Yevpatoria, Simferopol, Sevastopol and dozens of other settlements, which is important for Crimea, and in the future - the South Coast.
Humanity is showing increasing interest in the World Ocean. This interest is dictated, first of all, by the continuously growing needs for various types of resources - energy and mineral, biological and chemical. Globally, the issue of the depletion of land minerals is associated with the accelerated pace of world industrial production.
A well-developed network of various communication routes is of great importance for the region's diversified economy.
Cities and regions are linked by rail and road, aviation and sea transport. Suburban trains carry more than 10 million passengers annually, the major ports of the region - Kerch, Yevpatoria, Feodosia and Yalta - are connected by coastal flights with each other and other ports of the Black and Azov Seas, through which trade relations are carried out with more than 50 countries.
Aviation and railway transport (taking into account the ferry crossing to Kerch) actually connect Crimea with many countries. But the main thing in intraregional passenger and freight transportation is road transport. This is facilitated by a large network of paved highways, including a significant length of roads that connects Crimea with other regions of Ukraine.
The resort resources of the Crimea are very diverse: curative mud and brine of salt lakes, mineral water springs, a beautiful sea.
The inexhaustible and unique wealth of the peninsula is the mild Crimean climate with an abundance of warm sunny days. Therefore, climatotherapy is used in almost all Crimean resorts, in all health resorts. In general, the climate of Crimea is characterized by low humidity, equal course of the main meteorological elements, a small number of days with fogs and strong winds, and a long duration of sunshine.
The most common type of climatotherapy is aerotherapy in the form of walking, sleeping in the open air in climatic pavilions, in a park or on the seashore and air baths. The sea, the presence of greenhouses with coniferous trees, forest park zones with southern coastal plants make the air on the southern coast, in the foothills of the Crimea, curative.
Climatic therapy in Crimea is also carried out in the cold season. In diseases of the respiratory system and some other diseases, the cooled air has a more pronounced healing and hardening effect than in the summer.
Crimea is called sunny for a reason. In summer, solar radiation here is five to six times richer in ultraviolet rays than in central Russia. Most of the sun in summer is in the western and southeastern parts of Crimea and somewhat less on the southern coast. In the cold season, irradiation on the southern coast is carried out in special booths or solariums.
Picturesque landscapes should also be referred to the healing forces of nature. The positive emotions that they evoke strengthen the belief in recovery, create a favorable background for the successful use of climatic procedures, medicines, and various medical procedures.
The attractive power of the sea is great. In order to swim in the waters of the warmest in Russia Black Sea, to sunbathe on its beaches, vacationers come from different parts of the country. Treatment by the sea (thalassotherapy) is a pleasant and attractive therapeutic and prophylactic procedure that causes a huge emotional uplift.
As numerous studies have shown, the salt composition of seawater is close to the salt composition of human blood and tissue fluids. Sea water is a complex natural complex with certain physical, chemical and biological properties that cannot be obtained by laboratory means.
In the Crimean resorts, sea water is used for baths, showers, rubdowns, douches, warm-humid inhalations, irrigation of affected organs. A powerful procedure is the sea bathing itself, during which the temperature, pressure and movement of sea water affect the human body. In health resorts, sea bathing is strictly dosed taking into account the temperature of the water, air, and the health of the swimmers. In winter, swimming in the sea is replaced by swimming in a pool with heated sea water.
Mud therapy has been known for a long time. However, its scientifically grounded and widespread use began during the years of Soviet power. In Crimea, reserves of medicinal mud are formed at the bottom of salt lakes. For mud therapy, the Saki salt lake, Moinak (Evpatoria) and many others are used.
Healing mud is black lake silt, thick, viscous, velvety to the touch, with the smell of hydrogen sulfide. Sludge is formed as a result of a complex long-term interaction between brine (lake water), microorganisms and organic residues that enter lakes with rain and melt water. The composition of healing mud includes various salts, organic acids, trace elements, antibiotics, hormones, biologically active substances, gases and much more.
Modern research notes the multifaceted effect of dirt on the human body: thermal, mechanical (in the form of massage), electrical, chemical and radioactive. Scientists continue to study the mechanism of action of mud. The application of mud masks produces a rejuvenating effect.
Not only silt, but also brine has excellent healing properties. The brine is a concentrated saline solution that smells of hydrogen sulfide, which contains biologically active substances. The brine has a stronger effect on the human body than sea water. Bathing in the estuary, as a rule, is carried out in the afternoon, when the water is well warmed up. Rapa is also used for medical baths in various modifications.
Crimea is also rich in mineral springs. There are more than a hundred of them, but few have been developed and used for medicinal purposes. The main value of mineral waters is determined by the general mineralization, the presence of specific elements (radium, fluorine, iron and others), biologically active substances (hydrogen sulfide, arsenic, bromine and others), organic components such as humins and bitumen.
Crimean drinking water is classified as low-mineralized. They are used in the treatment of diseases of the liver, gallbladder, gastrointestinal tract, some kidney diseases, as well as metabolic disorders.
A rarely used, but effective method of treatment should include sand baths of natural (solar) or artificial heating, which are released on the beautiful sandy beaches of Evpatoria. A body covered with hot dry sand receives dry heat, it is affected by dry sea salts and mineral components. Usually sand baths are easier to tolerate than mud therapy. Most often prescribed for diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
Fruits and grapes are not only foodstuffs that are served all year round in Crimean health resorts. They contain a rich supply of vitamins in an easily assimilable natural combination, amino acids necessary for the body, various salts, and natural fiber.
So Crimea (the Crimean peninsula) is located in the south of the European part of the mainland and is washed by the waters of the Black and Azov Seas. It is connected to the mainland by the narrow and low-lying Perekop isthmus. Crimea has the shape of an irregular quadrangle with a wide ledge - the Tarkhankut Peninsula - in the northwest and a long ledge of the Kerch Peninsula in the east. The area of \u200b\u200bthe Crimean peninsula is 26 thousand km.2 The distance from Perekop in the north to the southernmost point of Crimea - Cape Sarych - is 195 km, in the latitudinal direction from Cape Tarkhankut to the Kerch Peninsula is 325 km.

In general, the climate of Crimea is characterized by low humidity, equal course of the main meteorological elements, a small number of days with fogs and strong winds, and a long duration of sunshine.

1.2. Development of the resort and recreational sphere
The key issue of sustainable development of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea is the question of what can revitalize tourism in the future.
The revival of Crimea is associated with its rich recreational resources.
Recreational resources are a combination of natural, natural-technical, socio-economic complexes and their elements, which contribute to the restoration and development of a person's physical and spiritual strength, his ability to work.

Natural recreational resources are features of nature, natural and natural-technical geosystems, bodies, natural phenomena, their components and properties, nature conservation objects.
Socio-economic recreational resources - cultural objects, monuments of history, architecture, ethnographic features of the territory.

The specialists of the State Committee found out that the Crimean peninsula is the leader among the most attractive regions for recreation in Ukraine. By the beginning of the holiday season, the Crimean Center for Humanitarian Research published the results of a sociological survey conducted last summer among people who were vacationing in the autonomous region. During a sociological survey at the Simferopol railway station, four thousand citizens leaving Crimea were interviewed. The vast majority of those. those who had a rest in Yalta and Alushta highly appreciated the natural diversity of these territories, the possibility of entertainment, the neatness of parks and beaches. At the same time, the majority of respondents expressed their conviction that the cost of recreation in Yalta and Alushta is higher than in other Crimean cities.
Currently, the recreational resources of the Crimean Peninsula can be estimated as follows.
Historical and cultural resources. There are more than 11.5 thousand monuments of history, culture and architecture on the territory of Crimea, belonging to various historical epochs, civilizations, ethnic groups and religions. The most unique of them, for example, a complex of cave cities and monasteries, a Genoese fortress, holy places of various denominations and others, which are used as tourist sites.
Landscape resources. Five state reserves, 33 reserves of which 16 are of national importance. 87 natural monuments, 13 of them are of national importance. 10 protected natural boundaries, etc.
Speleoresources. About 900 underground cavities, 160 can be used for recreational purposes.
Medicinal and mineral resources. The Crimean peninsula has the richest recreational potential. The cost of mineral resources (more than 100 sources of mineral water, 26 deposits of mineral mud) resources of the Crimea, its beaches and coastal land plots is highly estimated by world standards. Mineral waters, which are formed in the bowels of the earth under the influence of various geological processes, contain various salts in an ionized form (hydrocarbonate, chloride, sulfide nitrate waters, etc.).
In terms of natural conditions for creating a recreational zone, Crimea belongs to unique regions, since in Ukraine and the CIS there are no analogues in such a combination of spa resources such as mineral waters and mud, sub-Mediterranean nature, and a warm sea.
Characterizing hydromineral resources, it should be noted that Crimea occupies one of the first places in the CIS countries in terms of the richness and variety of recreational resources, among which mineral waters, curative mud and brine play a significant role.
Crimea has rich plant resources, especially coniferous forests, which emit a large amount of phytoncides. In the distribution of vegetation, the Crimean Mountains determine the presence of altitudinal zonation in the south of the peninsula.
The uniqueness of the floristic diversity of Crimea is a condition for cognitive and recreational activities. The flora of Crimea has about 2,600 species of higher plants, of which more than 220 species of plants are endemic (butcher's broom, folded snowdrop, alfalfa, etc.).
Of the total length of the coastline of the Crimean Peninsula sea (approximately 1000 km), the beaches are 517 km. including over 100 km - artificial. On the eastern and western coast of Crimea, the beaches are natural and stretch in a continuous strip, and on the southern coast of the Crimea - mostly artificial beaches. The normative indicator of the load on the beach is 20 cm of the coastline per one recreant (or 5m sq. Person). In the use of beach resources, the determining factor is the water temperature and the nature of the sea waves.
The resources for the cognitive and cultural recreational activities of the Crimea are represented by monuments of history and culture, which can significantly expand the system of recreational activities.
The available natural recreational resources of the Crimea are the determining conditions for the recreational specialization of the territory, as well as for the formation of a regional recreational and economic complex.

2. The presence of deposits of therapeutic mud and springs with mineral water, which has unique properties.

4. Climatic features of Crimea, allowing the development of the following types of tourism: walking, equestrian, speleotourism, rock climbing, cycling, mountaineering, underwater tourism, etc.

6. Adequate labor force to work in the recreational sector. The material and technical base of the recreational sphere of Crimea (economic factor) unites existing sanatoriums, boarding houses, rest houses, hotels, campings, tourist camps, architectural monuments, educational and entertainment facilities.
Positive tendencies persist in the spa and tourism sectors. According to the operational data of the Ministry of Resorts and Tourism of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, in 2009 the number of arrivals for rest and treatment decreased by 29 in comparison with 2008. %. The number of organized vacationers in sanatoriums and tourist institutions in 2009 amounted to 1.15 million people.

Fig. 1. Dynamics of the number of rested tourists in Crimea
The Crimean peninsula, occupying about 4.5% of the area of \u200b\u200bUkraine, concentrates 30% of all recreational resources, 10% of the capacity of the country's hotel fund and 40% of Ukrainian health resorts.

So, recreational resources are a combination of natural, natural-technical, socio-economic complexes and their elements, which contribute to the restoration and development of a person's physical and spiritual strength, his ability to work.
Factors influencing the formation and development of the recreational sphere are: Favorable economic and geographical position of the peninsula, mild climate, warm sea, wonderful weather. The presence of deposits of medicinal mud and springs with mineral water, which has unique properties. Numerous archaeological, historical, cultural and ethnographic monuments of great interest to tourists. Climatic features of Crimea, allowing the development of the following types of tourism: walking, equestrian, speleotourism, rock climbing, cycling, mountaineering, underwater tourism, etc. An increase in the living standards of the population of the territory due to income from recreational activities. Sufficient labor force to work in the recreational sector. The material and technical base of the recreational sphere of the Crimea (economic factor) unites existing sanatoriums, boarding houses, rest houses, hotels, campings, tourist centers, architectural monuments, educational and entertainment facilities.
At the moment, there is a problem: insufficient use of rich recreational resources. The situation is complicated by the fact. that recreational demand is highest in densely populated urbanized areas. The territory is used quite intensively by other spheres of the economy, and not for recreational purposes. Recreational resources are unevenly distributed.

CONCLUSIONS TO SECTION 1.
Crimea (the Crimean peninsula) is located in the south of the European part of the mainland and is washed by the waters of the Black and Azov Seas. It is connected to the mainland by a narrow and low-lying Perekop isthmus. Crimea has the shape of an irregular quadrangle with a wide ledge - the Tarkhankut Peninsula - in the northwest and a long ledge of the Kerch Peninsula in the east. The area of \u200b\u200bthe Crimean peninsula is 26 thousand km.2 The distance from Perekop in the north to the southernmost point of Crimea - Cape Sarych - is 195 km, in the latitudinal direction from Cape Tarkhankut to the Kerch Peninsula is 325 km.
Representatives of more than 101 nations and nationalities live here - more than 3 million people. There are 17 cities and 16 rural areas in Crimea.
Crimea today is an economically developed industrial-agrarian region.
The resort resources of the Crimea are very diverse: curative mud and brine of salt lakes, springs of mineral waters, a beautiful sea.
The inexhaustible and unique wealth of the peninsula is the mild Crimean climate with an abundance of warm sunny days.
In general, the climate of Crimea is characterized by low humidity, equal course of the main meteorological elements, a small number of days with fogs and strong winds, and a long duration of sunshine.
Recreational resources are a combination of natural, natural-technical, socio-economic complexes and their elements, which contribute to the restoration and development of a person's physical and spiritual strength, his ability to work.
Distinguish between natural and socio-economic (or natural and cultural-historical) resources of recreational activities.
In 2008-2009, 1.15 million people rested in Crimea. Such an idea as about the efficient use of resources is erroneous, since at the moment, with less significant indicators of vacationers in Crimea, there are already significant problems of the recreational load on certain resort areas. and. as a consequence, the destruction of ecosystems is noticeable. The problem can, of course, be solved by redistributing the recreational load to other regions, but an important point should be to increase the service of the tourist infrastructure to a level that meets the requirements of elite tourism.
Factors influencing the formation and development of the recreational sphere.
1. Favorable economic and geographical location of the peninsula, mild climate, warm sea, wonderful weather.
2. The presence of deposits of therapeutic mud and springs with mineral water, which has unique properties.
3. Numerous archaeological, historical, cultural and ethnographic monuments of great interest to tourists.
4. Climatic features of Crimea, allowing the development of the following types of tourism: walking, equestrian, speleotourism, rock climbing, cycling, mountaineering, underwater tourism, etc.
5. An increase in the living standards of the population of the territory due to income from recreational activities.
6. Adequate labor force to work in the recreational sector. The material and technical base of the recreational sphere of Crimea (the economic factor) unites existing sanatoriums, boarding houses, rest houses, hotels, campings, tourist centers, architectural monuments, educational and entertainment facilities.
At the moment, there is a problem: insufficient use of rich recreational resources. The situation is complicated by the fact. that recreational demand is highest in densely populated urbanized areas. The territory is used quite intensively by other spheres of the economy, and not for recreational purposes. Recreational resources are unevenly distributed.

Section 2. Analysis of the organizational and economic characteristics and investment attractiveness of the recreational and tourist potential of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea

2.1. Investment attractiveness of the recreational complex
At the present stage of development, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea should be considered as an all-Ukrainian and international center for recreation and tourism, which can successfully compete in the world market of resort and recreational services, since Crimea is distinguished not only by its physical-geographical, climatic, geological, tectonic, hydrogeographic characteristics among other regions of Ukraine, but it also has no analogues in the world, since a variety of natural landscapes are located here - mountains, plains, forests, steppes, seas, mountain rivers, etc. At the same time, about 6 million people from different countries of the world.
The natural and climatic features of Crimea historically determined its specialization as a sanatorium-resort region and ensured the development of related industries, therefore, a resort-health tourism direction is developed in Crimea.
The development of a recreational complex in the ARC requires attracting investment resources, justifying investment projects, developing ways to attract investors, i.e. formation of investment attractiveness of the region, which determined the relevance of this study.
The sanatorium-resort and tourist complex of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea is considered as a set of interconnected industries and enterprises of the economic complex, whose activities are aimed at meeting the needs for sanatorium-resort treatment, rehabilitation, health improvement and recreation of citizens of Ukraine, near and far abroad, as well as creating competitive health resort and tourist product based on the effective and rational use of natural, socio-cultural and production-economic resources of the region. So, the image objects of the sanatorium-resort complex of Crimea are such institutions as: ICC "Artek", "Dulber", "Crimean Dawns", "Massandra", etc.
The study of the investment attractiveness of the ARC is devoted to the work of such domestic scientists as Berezhnaya I.V., Mikhurinskaya E.A., Zakharova O.D., who identified the priority areas for the development of the investment policy of the ARC through the historical prerequisites for the development of the recreational complex, such as the availability of recreational resources, existing elements of the regional infrastructure, material and technical base and qualified personnel. These factors determine the resort and recreational industry as one of the priorities in the national economic complex of the ARC.
Crimea concentrates in itself a complex of resource factors, such as climate, mineral thermal waters, brine, medicinal silt mud of lakes, sea water, etc. Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the ARC Plakida V.T. estimated the available mineral resource potential of the Crimea at over 60 billion US dollars.
In recent years, Crimea has acquired the status of a major tourist center, where such types of tourism as diving, speleotourism, mountaineering, rural green tourism, horseback riding, hunting and wine tours are popular. The presence of about 11 thousand monuments of culture, history, architecture determines the popularity of cultural, historical, ethnographic tourism. According to Stepanov S.A. and Stepanova E.S., walking routes are the most preferred for Crimea. Hiking tourism is most effective because is part of active recreation, in which all types of recreation intersect, the process of recovery and development of human strength takes place on the basis of a radical change in the types of activity.
In the economy of the ARC, there is an annual increase in investment, which also affects the development of the recreational complex of Autonomy. Thus, since 2004, the ARC's economy received $ 25.7 million from foreign entrepreneurs, in 2005 - $ 70.54 million, in 2006 - more than $ 120 million, including from the CIS countries - 49 million US dollars, from other countries of the world - about 72 million US dollars, in 2007 - 120.5 million dollars. USA, in 2008 - 712.9 million USD. At the same time, in terms of the volume of foreign investments received, Crimea occupies only eighth place among the regions of Ukraine after large industrial centers, which is associated with low investment attractiveness, insufficient justification of investment projects, ineffective investment policy, etc.
According to the materials of the Ministry of Economy of the ARC, in 2008 the investors of the United Kingdom of Great Britain most actively cooperated with the Crimean entrepreneurs, the amount of received direct investments of which amounted to 28.2 million dollars, which is 71.8% more than in 2007. Also, a significant inflow of investments came to Crimea from Cyprus companies - 12.4 million. dollars, which is 17.4% more than in 2007, Seychelles - 4.7 million. dollars (an increase of 19.2%), Belize - 3.1 million. dollars, i.e. increased by 59%. At the same time, according to the Ministry of Economy of the ARC, the volume of investments from entrepreneurs of the Russian Federation decreased by $ 64.6 million, by $ 40.3 million from Germany, by $ 13.4 million from Switzerland, by 10, $ 7 million for Latvia and $ 3.9 million for the United States.
Particular attention should be paid to such a problem of Autonomy as the seasonality of the work of the recreational economy. Currently, the health resort complex of Crimea has been operating for three months, which affects the return on investment resources. Therefore, it is necessary to develop investment projects for year-round operation, thereby increasing the duration and size of cash flows and reducing the investment payback period. The solution to this problem is possible by creating a network of complexes for winter recreation, indoor water parks, facilities for various international events (conferences, seminars, forums, sports competitions, etc.).

The structure of the recreational complex is represented by the subjects of the recreational and tourism industry, resources and consumers (Fig. 2). At the same time, the recreational and tourist complex is constantly subject to changes, which requires identifying the dynamics of the development of recreational and tourist services in the territory of the ARC. So in 2007, the number of recreators who came for rest and treatment amounted to 196.3 thousand people, which is 11.4% more than last year. In the structure of the volume of sales of travel services, the largest percentage was taken by domestic tourism - 71%, in second place - foreign - 28.6%. At the same time, most of the vacationers arrived on the peninsula by rail (2 million 998 thousand people), by air (almost 620 thousand)
Figure 2. The structure of the recreational and tourist complex

A significant amount of natural resource potential, a variety of natural conditions, historical traditions of economic development and socio-cultural priorities have for many years determined the recreational specialization of Crimea as a strategic direction of its regional development. The recreational and tourist complex of the Crimean peninsula includes over 3 thousand objects of natural and anthropogenic nature, of which 64% are concentrated in the South Coast zone, 10% in the Central (Simferopol, Bakhchisarai and Belogorsk district), 5% each in the North (Dzhankoy, Krasnogvardeisky, Krasnoperekopsky , Pervomaisky and Black Sea regions) and Eastern (Leninsky, Kirovsky and Soviet regions) zones, and 16% in the Western (Saki and Black Sea regions) (Fig. 3).

Fig 3. Recreational and economic potential of the Crimean peninsula.

On the territory of the autonomy there are over 11.5 thousand monuments of history, culture and architecture related to various historical epochs, civilizations and religions. There are 26 deposits of curative mud and brine, more than 100 sources of mineral waters of various chemical compositions. In Crimea, there are 6 state reserves, 33 wildlife sanctuaries (including 16 of national importance), 87 natural monuments (13 of national importance), 10 nature reserves, 850 karst caves (of which 50 are recognized by specialists as suitable for arrangement and visiting by tourists), mines , wells, and more than 30 parks - monuments of gardening art of national and world importance. Occupying about 4.5% of the area of \u200b\u200bUkraine, the Crimean peninsula concentrates 29.6% of all recreational resources, 10% of the capacity of the hotel fund, 40% of the capacity of health resorts, more than 30% of the flow of foreign tourists.
The most developed part of the peninsula is the territory of Big Yalta, which produces about 64% of the total volume of tourist services. The least developed Northern and Western Crimea. However, the main trend that has been revealed in recent years is a gradual transition from using mainly the South Coast, to new resort regions of the peninsula.
At present, the material and technical base of recreational institutions, the range and quality of services lag behind the world level, which reduces the competitiveness of the Crimean region in the international market for recreation, health improvement, spa treatment and tourist services and requires investment.
So, the development of a recreational complex in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea requires attracting investment resources, justifying investment projects, developing ways to attract investors, i.e. formation of investment attractiveness of the region.
Further effective development of the republic as a whole and the functioning of its tourist complex depend on the solution of land issues, problems of water supply and sewerage, waste disposal, seasonality of rest. At the present stage of development, it is necessary to resolve such an urgent problem as the irrational and ineffective use of lands and natural medicinal resources in the coastal regions of Crimea, since the coastal zone of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea is a territory of intensive exploitation of natural resources in various spheres of human activity, including sea transport, residential and cultural and recreational complexes, water use system, etc.

2.2. Analysis of recreational and tourist potential

Currently, over 700 business entities carry out tourism activities in the ARC. Including foreign tourism is engaged in about 300 enterprises, domestic - about 400, foreign - 180. Among business entities licensed to provide tourism services, their own food base; have 85 enterprises, their own base of location - 51.
In total, representatives of 31 countries have invested in the Crimean economy. The volume of direct foreign investments in 2007 in the economy of the autonomy amounted to 120.5 million dollars, of which. In the base of investment projects of the sanitary-resort and tourist complex of the ARC there are about 50 projects for a total amount of 237 million USD, of which 20 are close to completion, with more than half of the funds coming from Russia.
Implementation of the tasks facing the government of our region at the moment capital in the economy of the Crimea, which will give a direct economic effect (Fig. 4).
The recreational effect obtained from the increase in national income in view of the reduction in payments for temporary disability certificates is considered as part of the integral socio-economic effect. In addition, in the Crimea, an industry-specific recreational effect is produced, which is obtained directly in the recreational economy due to the difference between the foreign price for a recreational service and the full cost of its production.
As the capacity of the sanatorium and recreational network increases, the complex recreational effect created in Crimea will increase significantly.
Despite the obvious socio-economic advantage of the recreational economy, in the economic structure of the republic, it occupies only the fifth place in terms of the number of employees after industry, agriculture, construction industry, transport, machine building.
Since the recreational effect created in Crimea is not paid for by other states of the Commonwealth, Crimeans are forced to pay for the above supplies with meat, milk, dairy products, vegetables and melons, grapes, orchard products, eggs, TVs, limestone, etc.
It is assumed that for the creation of a new hotel fund and infrastructure facilities of the entire complex, it is necessary to provide for investments in reconstruction, re-equipment and new construction, which will raise the reproduction structure of the region's fixed assets to a qualitatively new level, radically change the technical base and increase the share of tourist services to 30 -50% and recoup costs within 5-7 years.

Fig 4. The mechanism of the formation of a direct economic effect.

Based on the lack of traditional experience in creating recreational SEZs and the consequences of their economic, social and environmental impact on the adjacent region, it is advisable at the first stage of the formation of separate local zones, the compact location of which will make it possible to use foreign experience and potential in this area of \u200b\u200bactivity with maximum efficiency.
Tourist and resort-recreational FEZs should be created within the boundaries of the already established resort areas and recreational zones. At the same time, preference should be given to those participants who have an advantageous transport infrastructure, an established network of health resorts and tourist institutions.
The priority objects for the creation of tourist and resort-recreational SEZs should be the health resorts of the Crimean resort and recreational region, which is especially attractive for Western tourists and entrepreneurs in connection with the possibility of investing their investments in this promising field of activity and making significant profits in the face of increasing international competition in the world. recreational market. The specificity of the development of these FEZs should be the formation of a large export-oriented base for the extraction, use and export to other regions of Ukraine, the CIS countries, as well as abroad, a part of the most valuable types of recreational resources that are competitive in the world market, such as high-quality medicinal silt mud. , mineral waters, etc.
Having considered some of the prerequisites for the functioning of the recreational and tourist industry of the Crimean economy, which, according to international experts, is one of the fastest growing in the world. And in our country it can become one of the most profitable, provided the state policy is aimed at its active improvement. The recreational and tourist industry is not knowledge-intensive, it is not environmentally hazardous (with its reasonable development) and allows you to quickly get income on invested capital. Now the task of the state is to guide and define the basic principles of industry development. There is an opportunity to attract into this industry not only foreign, but also domestic investment capital, which can actively contribute to the exit of the Ukrainian economy from the crisis.
The country, raising the standard of living of its citizens, involuntarily attracts them to travel. No wonder some of the most traveling nations are the Germans and the Japanese. However, by developing this industry, it is possible to achieve an increase in the welfare of the country's population. In addition, tourism contributes to the improvement of the ecological situation in the country. After all, no one wants to go to a country where there are no normal living conditions, where nature is not valued as the highest asset of the state.
Also, tourism through intercultural understanding affects people, making them more tolerant of each other. This helps to avoid conflicts and wars. It is no coincidence that the countries that proclaimed political neutrality - Switzerland, Sweden, Austria, Mexico, have always been and remain attractive for tourists. In the conditions of peaceful, stable bilateral and multilateral relations between states, international tourist exchange increases significantly. And in our region, striving to organize a highly developed resort and tourism industry on its territory, it is necessary to create a single central executive authority with the status of the Ministry, which would provide effective management of the resort and tourism industry and the development of regulatory legal acts aimed at developing this area.

As for prices, experts say that they have remained at the level of last year. The cost of living in Crimean hotels on the South Bank has long been equal to the price in Turkish and Egyptian hotels with the corresponding number of stars. A separate story is the private sector, here it all depends on the owner's sense of proportion.
So Currently, there is a need for the liberalization of foreign economic activity and the beginning of an active policy for the integration of Ukraine and the Crimean region, incl. to the European community. In the field of tourism and recreation, this should mean creating favorable conditions for foreign and domestic investors. Currently, the investment climate in Crimea is assessed by the majority of stakeholders as unfavorable. To change its status to favorable, changes are needed on the part of state bodies. The main changes should be solid guarantees of investment safety. Thus, the most widespread opinion is that investors do not even need special incentives, but they need firm confidence that their money will remain their money. In this respect, Ukraine and Crimea cannot yet declare their firm guarantees.
Also, one of the priority areas in attracting foreign investment in tourism in Ukraine may be the formation of free zones of recreational entrepreneurship.
The creation of tourist and resort - recreational SEZs along with the additional attraction of foreign currency will allow solving a complex of economic, environmental, social, scientific and other problems associated with a radical improvement of this type of activity, including: reconstruction of the material and technical base of resorts, expanding the recruitment recreational services and types of leisure, advanced training and salaries of service personnel.

CONCLUSIONS to Section 2.
The development of a recreational complex in the ARC requires attracting investment resources, justifying investment projects, developing ways to attract investors, i.e. formation of investment attractiveness of the region, which determined the relevance of this study.
Further effective development of the republic as a whole and the functioning of its tourist complex depend on the solution of land issues, problems of water supply and sewerage, waste disposal, seasonality of rest. At the present stage of development, it is necessary to resolve such an urgent problem as the irrational and ineffective use of lands and natural medicinal resources in the coastal regions of Crimea, since the coastal zone of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea is a territory of intensive exploitation of natural resources in various spheres of human activity, including sea transport, residential and cultural and recreational complexes, water use system, etc.
Currently, there is a need for the liberalization of foreign economic activity and the beginning of an active policy for the integration of Ukraine and the Crimean region, incl. to the European community. In the field of tourism and recreation, this should mean creating favorable conditions for foreign and domestic investors. Currently, the investment climate in Crimea is assessed by most stakeholders as unfavorable. To change its status to favorable, changes are needed on the part of state bodies. The main changes should be solid guarantees of investment safety. Thus, the most widespread opinion is that investors do not even need special benefits, but they need firm confidence that their money will remain their money. In this respect, Ukraine and Crimea cannot yet declare their firm guarantees.
Also, one of the priority areas in attracting foreign investment in tourism in Ukraine may be the formation of free zones of recreational entrepreneurship.
The creation of tourist and resort - recreational SEZs along with the additional attraction of foreign currency will allow solving a complex of economic, environmental, social, scientific and other problems associated with a radical improvement of this type of activity, including: reconstruction of the material and technical base of resorts, expanding the recruitment recreational services and types of leisure, advanced training and salaries of service personnel.
According to the official statistics of the Ministry of Resorts and Tourism of the ARC, in the health resorts of the autonomy for January-August of this year. 800 thousand people rested - 181 thousand less (18%) than in the same period last year. And in 2008 the number of holidaymakers decreased by 12% in comparison with 2007. In general, 4 million 300 thousand people have rested in Crimea since the beginning of the year, which is 619 thousand, or 12.5% \u200b\u200bless than the corresponding figure for 2008. It is interesting that the number of sanatorium and resort establishments and tourist enterprises in Crimea practically did not change, as in the past year there were about 280 of them.

Section 3. Investment activity in the resort and recreational sphere in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea

3.1 Investment activities in recreational areas

The solution to the urgent problem of restructuring the tourist and recreational sector of the economy of Ukraine and its regions can be achieved only on the basis of a dynamic and systematic investment process. In the State Program for the Development of Tourism in Ukraine for 2002-2010 gt. it is noted that the further development of tourism in the country is hindered by the slow growth rates of investment in the development of the material base of tourism, and the task is to develop and implement an investment program for creating tourism infrastructure in tourist and recreational zones along the directions of the national network of international transport corridors. The scientific justification of investment programs should be based on the principles of territorial differentiation and taking into account the geographical specifics of the region. At the same time, the geographical aspects of investment activities in the field of recreation and tourism are rarely the object of special research.
The analysis of the main indicators of investment activity in the tourist and recreational complex of Crimea made it possible to reveal the discrepancy between the scale and qualitative structure of investments and the status of recreation as a priority sector of the regional economy. According to the Main Department of Statistics in the ARC. investments in fixed assets of the hotel and restaurant industry in 2009 amounted to 168,863 thousand hryvnyas, which is only 6.9% of the total investment in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. From the state budget, centralized funds for the development of
etc.................

Bukreev Igor Alexandrovich
senior Lecturer at the Department of Economics and Finance
Russia, Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy (branch) Crimean Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsky
[email protected]

annotation

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of regional development - the assessment of the economic efficiency of using the recreational potential of Big Yalta. The results show that the intensity of the use of recreational complexes of the Crimea and Big Yalta during the study period is characterized by a higher indicator of the latter and an almost constant ratio. The paper notes the problem of the reliability of the generated statistical data, which must be taken into account in the economic assessment of the efficiency of using the recreational potential of the Big Yalta region.
To determine the degree of use by the tourist and recreational industry of the Yalta recreational potential, relative indicators were built that characterize the economic development of the region. All these indicators, when summarized, make it possible to calculate the coefficient of economic efficiency of the use of the recreational potential of Big Yalta. The results obtained show the efficiency of using the potential of Big Yalta in the economy of the subregion. The economic assessment of the effectiveness of the use of the recreational potential shows that there is a clear contradiction in the development of indicators for the analyzed period. The results can be explained by changes in the activities of the informal sector.
It should be noted that, according to the analysis, the increase in the efficiency of using the potential depends on the price and fiscal policy, which indicates an ineffective management of the recreational potential.
Based on the results of the study, an assessment of the prospects for using the recreational potential of Big Yalta shows that it is necessary to pay attention to the modernization and organization of the work of the recreational and resort complex of the subregion. The problems are associated with the moral and physical obsolescence of the recreational and general infrastructure, and its irrational use. There is also no constructive dialogue between the private and public sectors as users of the recreational potential. The development of the sub-region must be considered in the process of the development of Crimea, neighboring regions and settlements.

Keywords

recreational potential of the region, Big Yalta, recreational resources, assessment of economic efficiency

Introduction

The tourist and recreational industry of the Republic of Crimea and, in particular, Big Yalta is one of the most promising areas of the region's economy. In the period from 2011 to 2013, the share of the main sectors of the service sector of the Republic of Crimea accounted for more than 60% of the gross regional product: trade (14%), transport and communications (12%), tourism and sanatoriums (11%) , transactions with real estate (10%) and others. The implementation of the socio-economic policy of the Republic of Crimea as part of the Russian Federation is the development of the sanatorium-resort complex as one of the main sources of financial income, a means of increasing employment and the quality of life of the population, the basis for the development of the socio-cultural environment, which is determined by the Federal Target Program "Social and Economic Development Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol until 2020 ”.

The needs of the federal arrangement imply the search for internal reserves of the socio-economic development of the regions to ensure their economic growth and, on this basis, increase the standard of living of the population. The Crimea region and, in particular, the Big Yalta sub-region have all the possibilities for intensive economic growth. So, even during the period of autonomy, Crimea was especially prominent in the field of the country's recreational regions and was characterized by a high concentration of recreational resources, as well as in terms of the scale of recreational activities earlier in Ukraine it occupied first place. Thus, in 2012, 12,350 objects of social, cultural and economic nature were registered in Crimea (including 227 - monuments of national importance, of which 150 are included in the UNESCO lists). There are about 647 recreational and tourist complexes (including 545 sanatoriums, 127 rest houses, 273 recreation centers and 102 hotels).

The development of the tourist and recreational direction is associated with an increase in the involvement of recreational resources in circulation and the efficiency of their use on the basis of the existing competitive advantages of the potential of Big Yalta relative to other regions of Crimea. So the recreational potential of Big Yalta is 18.34% of the potential of the Crimea. At the same time, Big Yalta occupies only 1.1% of the area of \u200b\u200bthe Republic of Crimea. Thus, the territorial concentration is about 20 times higher than in the region. The study revealed that the main contribution to the development of tourism and recreation is made by the recreational and resort complex of the subregion, which functions quite intensively, since it provides rest and treatment for more than 30% of Crimea's recreationalists (up to 2 million people per year). Thus, efficiency will be characterized by an increase in the volume of tourism services and quality, wages and employment, profitability and tax returns from recreation and tourism.

Big Yalta and Alushta are leaders in terms of revenues to the Crimean budget from recreational and tourist activities (Yalta - 40%, Alushta - 17%). Big Yalta is the largest object of foreign direct investment in the sector of health resort and hotel services. More than 20% of the total number of Crimean health resorts is concentrated here, including 44% of sanatoriums, 28% of hotels, 25% of rest homes, which enables it to serve up to 1 million tourists annually.

The need to assess the effectiveness of a tourist and recreational direction is especially important for Big Yalta, since a third of the tourist flow to Crimea comes from this region.

Ways of development of the tourist and recreational direction, the impact on the socio-economic situation of the region and assessment methods have been studied widely and from various positions in the domestic works of S.Yu. Ambartsumyan, S.A. Lochan, B.G. Ilyasov, F.Kh. Mazitova, Sh.Z. Zagidullina, A.N. Razumova, A.M. Vetitneva, A.V. Dzyubina, A.I. Marikyan, G.G. Ermolenko, I.G. Pavlenko and other authors. At the same time, the explanations do not emphasize the influence of the shadow sector in changing complex economic indicators.

Purpose of the study.To assess the economic efficiency of using the recreational potential of Big Yalta according to the presented methodology and interpret the results.

Methodology.To assess the economic efficiency of using the potential and interpret the results, a systematic approach and generalization of information were used. The economic and statistical method was used, in particular its methods: groupings, index in assessing the economic efficiency of using the recreational potential of the Big Yalta region.

Main content

The intensity of the use of recreational complexes of the Crimea and Big Yalta during the study period is characterized by a higher indicator of the latter and an almost constant ratio. Also in Big Yalta there is a higher development of the territory. In terms of bases and locations, Big Yalta is ahead of the Republic of Crimea by more than 20 times. It should be noted that the availability of accommodation facilities practically did not change during the study period. Average prices for accommodation services in Big Yalta are also higher than in Crimea as a whole.

As an assessment of the use of the potential of Big Yalta, two groups of interrelated characteristics can be used:

1) resource indicators (the number of complexes and locations, the number of people employed in the recreational industry and the number of recreational workers, the volume of foreign direct investment);

2) indicators of activity (resulting - sales proceeds, taxable profit, budgetary receipts, see table. 1).

Assessment of the effectiveness of the use of recreational potential

The following results have been obtained regarding the efficiency of using the recreational potential. During the period 2008-2012. there is a general positive trend of growth in the efficiency of using the Big Yalta RP (Table 1).

Table 1 - Main characteristics of the recreation complex of Big Yalta in 2008-2012 *

Index	Year
Index	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Number of recreational complexes, units	141	140	137	138	138
Number of placements, thousand units	35,3	35,4	35,5	35,7	36,4
Number of recreants, thousand people	555,3	470,1	494,9	522,7	549,7
Employed, thousand people	14,6	14,3	14,1	13,9	13,5
Average salary, UAH	1697,6	1796,1	2009,3	2332,4	2720,9
Volume of services sold (revenue), UAH mln	1185,7	1253,8	1478,3	1508,6	1559,9
Financial result, UAH mln.	45,3	70,7	80,8	104,6	143,2
FDI volume, USD million **	102,5	186,6	193,7	229,9	268,1
Collection of payments to the budget (consolidated), UAH million	164,5	169,3	188,5	202,4	219,2

* Main Department of Statistics in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea [Electronic resource]. URL: http: //www.sf.ukrstat.gov.ua/ukgturizm1.htm (date of access: 08.11.2013).
* Derzhavna statistics service of Ukraine [Electronic resource]. URL: http: //www.ukrstat.gov.ua/ (date of access: 08.11.2013).
* Crimean investment portal [Electronic resource]. URL: http: //www.invest-crimea.gov.ua/show_content.php? Alias \u200b\u200b\u003d san_kyrort & mid \u003d 1 & m2 \u003d 39 (date of access: 08.11.2013).
* Ministry of resorts and tourism of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea [Electronic resource]. URL: http: //www.crimea.gov.ua/ (date of access: 08.11.2013).

The degree of use by the tourist and recreational industry of the Yalta recreational potential for the purposes of economic development reflects the relative indicators:

1) K EE, the economic efficiency of using the RPD (financial result before taxation / revenue from services sold);

2) TO ET, efficiency of use of labor resources (wage fund / volume of services sold (revenue));

3) K EIF, efficiency of infrastructure use (volume of services (revenue) sold per location);

4) To Eu, the effectiveness of the services (service) provided (financial result before taxation per recreant);

5) K Ein, efficiency of use of investment resources (financial result before taxation / volume of FDI);

6) To EB, budgetary (fiscal) efficiency (the amount of taxes and fees to the consolidated budget of Big Yalta / revenue from services sold).

All these indicators, when summarized, make it possible to calculate K EK, coefficient of economic efficiency of using the recreational potential of Big Yalta (Table 2). The obtained results show, in the range of 0.171-0.192 (17-19%), the efficiency of using the potential of Big Yalta in the economy of the sub-region.

table 2 — Use of the recreational potential of Big Yalta in 2008-2012 *

Index	Year
Index	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Economic efficiency K EE	0,038	0,056	0,055	0,069	0,092
Labor efficiency TO ET	0,251	0,246	0,230	0,258	0,283
Infrastructure efficiency K EIF	0,238	0,253	0,304	0,306	0,311
Service efficiency To EI	0,082	0,150	0,163	0,200	0,261
Investment efficiency K Ein *	0,055	0,047	0,052	0,057	0,067
Budget efficiency To EB	0,139	0,135	0,128	0,134	0,141
Integrated efficiency K EK	0,134	0,148	0,155	0,171	0,192

** The calculation of investment indicators was carried out on the basis of the weighted average hryvnia / US dollar rate in 2008-2012. (date of access: 08.11.2013).

It should be noted the general positive trend of growth in the efficiency of using the RPD of Big Yalta (the coefficient of the complex efficiency of using the recreational complex K EK), from 13.4% to 19.2%, played by such elements as increasing the efficiency of the use of economic and labor resources ( K EE, To EI). In the recreational industry of the Yalta subregion, there is also a negative trend: with an increase in the number of tourists, sales of recreational services, financial results and investments in general, the return (indicators of investment K Ein and budget efficiency To EB) lag significantly behind the others. Thus, an increase in the efficiency of using potential, all other things being equal, does not depend on the volume of capital investments, the attraction of labor resources, or an improvement in the quality of services, but on the price and fiscal (fiscal) policy, which indicates ineffective management of the recreational potential (Fig. 1).

Figure: 1.

** The calculation of investment indicators was carried out on the basis of the weighted average hryvnia / US dollar rate in 2008-2012. (date of access: 08.11.2013).

Being a regional leader in terms of FDI, Big Yalta was unable to ensure the implementation of the investment component of the recreational potential, since the efficiency of using investments ( K Ein) grew by only 22%, while their volume increased 2.6 times.

In order to increase the efficiency of investments, it is necessary to develop innovations and the representation of innovative projects in the information space (recreational and tourist database). It is the development of innovations in the field of tourism products that is an important factor in reducing the seasonality effect, which can be implemented during the months of May and October. Innovative types of tourism will help to distribute the load on infrastructure and increase business activity during periods of "low" and "dead" seasons.

The dynamics of indicators of the use of the recreational potential has a contradictory character in the industry (Table 3).

Table 3 — Growth in the use of the recreational potential of Big Yalta in 2008-2012 *

Growth rate	Years				Average annual growth rate
Growth rate	2009/2008	2010/2009	2011/2010	2012/2011	Average annual growth rate
Economic efficiency K EE	1,48	0,97	1,27	1,32	1,26
Labor efficiency TO ET	0,98	0,94	1,12	1,10	1,03
Infrastructure efficiency K EIF	1,06	1,20	1,01	1,01	1,07
Service efficiency To EI	1,84	1,09	1,23	1,30	1,36
Investment efficiency K Ein *	0,86	1,10	1,09	1,17	1,06
Budget efficiency To EB	0,97	0,94	1,05	1,05	1,00
Integrated efficiency K EK	1,10	1,05	1,10	1,12	1,09

** The calculation of investment indicators was carried out on the basis of the weighted average hryvnia / US dollar rate in 2008-2012. (date of access: 08.11.2013).

The return on one recreant is growing at an outstripping rate, which in the context of an unstable growth in the number of vacationers and the absence of noticeable shifts in improving the quality of services can only mean an increase in the “exploitation” of the price factor and, as a consequence, the move of a significant part of services to the “shadow sector” of the economy. This is indirectly evidenced by the dynamics of budget efficiency: for 2008-2012, with an increase in the ratio of financial results / sales revenue by 2.4 times ( K EE), budget efficiency ( To EB) practically did not change (Tables 1-3).

Assessment of the effectiveness of the use of economic, labor and financial resources

The labor potential of recreation in Big Yalta is characterized by a relatively low efficiency of its use - in conditions of a decrease in the number of employees (by 8%) and a noticeable increase in wages (by 60%), in 2008-2012. labor efficiency increased by only 3%. At the same time, the number of serviced complexes, places of accommodation and recreants changed relatively insignificantly (Fig. 2).

Figure: 2.

** Investment indicators were calculated based on the weighted average hryvnia / US dollar exchange rate in 2008-2012. (date of access: 08.08.2013).

In connection with the growth, over the same period, of the economic efficiency of the use of the recreational potential in general, this may mean:

a) reduction of the "official", taxable part of the wage fund of enterprises in the industry, and / or;

b) the withdrawal of part of the involved labor resources into the "shadow sector", i.e. illegal employment, primarily during the tourist season.

A difficult situation is observed with the labor potential. Thus, there are more unemployed in Crimea than on average in Russia, because under Ukraine, most large industries were closed and resources were used in small business. Some people are in the informal sector and, working illegally, receive unemployment benefits. Many worked in the shade during the holiday season, renting out apartments and rooms in their mini-hotels, opening bars. But with the transition to the legal field of the Russian Federation, some types of business, for example, the sale of alcoholic beverages for bottling, were outlawed. Therefore, the number of officially unemployed has increased.

Conclusion

Considering the problems associated with the use and development of the existing RPD of Big Yalta, it is necessary to pay attention to two fundamentally important points: the modernization and organization of the work of the recreational and resort complex of the subregion.

The first group of problems is associated with the moral and physical obsolescence of the recreational and general infrastructure (including objects of cultural and historical heritage), its irrational use. Insufficient integration of the sanatorium-resort complex into market relations affects the interest in financial results, management methods, sources of funding, which ultimately forms the competitiveness of the material base of recreation and tourism. Thus, recreation is carried out in conditions of an outdated material and technical base, but in conditions of the action of favorable natural factors. It should be noted that a significant part of the sanatoriums is in disrepair. On the territory of the Republic of Crimea in the period of 2013, 120 sanatoriums and boarding houses under departmental management were noted. According to the Council of Ministers of the ARC in 2013, the number of such institutions was one third of the total.

The second category of problematic issues concerns the system of relations between the private and public sectors as users of the RuDG. In the theory of competitive advantages, the Western scientist M. Porter considers such factors as new technologies, constantly changing consumer demand, the formation of new market segments, the presence of related and supporting industries, as well as the effectiveness of government regulation measures on which the competitiveness of the national economy depends. M. Porter assigns the state the role of a catalyst for competitiveness. In the works of some Russian authors, the government is assigned the function of laying down the principles of regional cooperation, coexistence, and assistance. This is a new methodological paradigm of regional development, which in the development of tourism will represent the coordinated and solidary development of the regions. In this system, the region at the same time appears as a triune model - a quasi-state, a quasi-company and an export-import flow. The development of the subregion cannot be considered in isolation from the development of Crimea, neighboring regions and settlements. Competition within the region should not become an obstacle to internal cooperation. So, state support for the regional development strategy, increasing the legality of the industry's functioning, stimulating the development of uniformity in the development of potential, consistency in the actions of all subjects of the region, the development of methods of spa treatment, innovation and event tourism during the off-season and an increase in the competitiveness of the price / quality ratio of services is needed.

Analysis of the dynamics of indicators of the economic use of the recreational potential of Big Yalta gives a general idea of \u200b\u200bthe problematic and promising areas of the industry development in the region. Attention is required to investment and fiscal policy, including the important issues of increasing returns from existing investment projects, the use of tax incentives, land payment rates for individual enterprises in the industry. The indicators of the use of labor resources and the realized recreational services characterize the presence of a significant shadow sector in these areas, which requires a decrease in the overall burden on the wage fund and the profit of enterprises.

List of sources

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References

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Sanatorium and tourism services are a significant segment of the economy of many developed and developing countries. According to the estimates of the World Tourism Organization, the total costs of domestic and international tourism on our planet today account for 15% of the world's gross product. The task of developing the sphere of providing sanatorium and resort and tourist services is due to the need to restore people's health. The modern dynamics of reproductive processes in society is currently violated in Ukraine: mortality outstrips the birth rate, there is a spread of serious diseases. All this emphasizes the role of the recreational complex in improving people's health, increasing human capital, investments in which create the basis for increasing labor productivity and developing scientific and technological progress in the post-industrial era.

In Ukraine, under the influence of a number of reasons, sanatorium and resort and tourist activities have not yet received sufficient development during the formation of market relations. At the same time, it is quite obvious that there is a significant gap between the level of development of sanatorium and resort activities and the large-scale recreational potential that Ukraine and, in particular, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea have. The balneological possibilities of Crimea, which form the basis for the restoration of the physical and spiritual forces of citizens, are unique.

The financial crisis affected the functioning of the recreational complex of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Firstly, in 2009, the number of recreationalists decreased by 13%, that is, people who came to Crimea for the purpose of recreation and health promotion;

Secondly, the citizens of Ukraine, who were treated in sanatorium-resort polyclinics, tourist hotels and recreation centers, as well as those who settled in the private sector of resort cities did not have the same funds that were spent during the rest period, which affected the volume of income from transport, communications, trade, cultural institutions.

The global financial crisis that began in 2008 has already affected the economy of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the heart of which is the recreation complex. If in 2007 the aggregate of branches of the economy of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea received UAH 512.4 million of profit, then in 2008 for the first time in many years a loss of UAH 1.578 billion was obtained. This was reflected in the types of activities that serve recreational activities. So, for example, trade organizations that finished 2007 with a profit of 6.3 million UAH. received in 2008 - 252.3 million losses, transport, which in 2007 had 12.1 million UAH. profit received 127.0 million UAH. loss, hotels, hotels, restaurants, which in 2007 had UAH 26.8 million. loss, received in 2008 UAH 235.3 million. loss, etc.

All this is due to a decrease in the number of recreationalists and their potential funds, which they spend on rest and treatment.

Let us note as a positive trend an increase in the number of vacationers in stationary sanatorium-resort establishments. If in 2007 there were 1,070 thousand people on vacation, in 2008. - 1080 thousand people, then in 2009 1095 thousand people.

It should be noted that the Government of Ukraine in 2009 allocated more than 100 thousand vouchers for treatment to citizens of Ukraine who suffered from the Chernobyl disaster.

In general, the spa complex has improved its occupancy.

The main reserve for the use of a recreational complex is to increase the duration of the use of its fixed assets. The fact is that an arrival for three summer months and a long wait for the new season is not a normal activity of this complex. At one time, trade unions negotiated with employers and workers received leave throughout the year. Obviously, in the future, sanatorium and resort institutions should be redesigned for year-round activity, having interested tourists in changing the vacation schedule.

The economic efficiency (E) of the financial and economic activity of the recreational complex is determined by the result of its impact on the recreants and is manifested both in health promotion and in the income received:

ΣE \u003d ΣP + ΣB + Ek + ΔVP + ΔChK + ΣΔPtorg + ΣΔPtran + ΣΔPbond + ΣΔPcult,

where ΣП - the sum of the profits of the institutions of the sanatorium complex;

ΣB is the amount of receipts to the budget and off-budget funds, UAH;

Ek - savings on the payment of benefits for temporary disability, UAH;

ΔВП - the increase in gross income due to the reduction in the duration of the disease;

ΔChK is the increase in human capital as a result of health improvement in the recreational complex;

ΣΔP.trade + ΣΔPtran + ΣΔPlink + ΣΔPkul - additional profit of trade, restaurants and hotels, transport organizations, communication and cultural institutions from the influx of tourists to the region. This increase is due not only to the fact that more than 4 million people come to rest, but also to the fact that they have significant funds to implement their vacation plans. Therefore, the increase in income is an additional economic effect from the activities of the recreational complex.

The economic efficiency of the activity of the recreational complex and the infrastructure serving it has been determined (in million UAH)

ΣE \u003d ΣP + ΣB + Eph. zd. + ΣΔPtorg + ΣΔPtran + ΣΔPlink + ΣΔPcult

ΣE2001 \u003d 5.92 + 184.5 + 468.0 + 18.0 + 92.4 + 2.9 \u003d 771.72 million UAH.

ΣE2005 \u003d - 11.83 + 322.4 + 493.2 + 32.0 + 116.2 + 4.3 \u003d 956.27 million UAH.

ΣE2007 \u003d - 3.78 + 444.8 + 517.4 + 53.0 + 65.0 + 3.8 \u003d 1080.23 million UAH

ΣE2008 \u003d - 11.23+ 56.9 + 522.2 + 28.7 + 49.6 + 3.2 \u003d 1049.12 million UAH.

The outbreak of the global financial crisis of 2008 slightly reduced the economic efficiency of the activities of the recreational complex (excluding the income of the population from renting the area to vacationers) and

structures of the recreational complex.

The recreational complex has a large production potential, which includes: the cost of fixed and circulating assets of sanatorium and resort institutions and tourist organizations, the cost of labor resources (human capital) serving vacationers and patients, the monetary value of land resources. This potential of the recreational complex should be effectively used (Table 1).

Table 1

Economic efficiency of using the production potential of the recreational complex of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea

Return of gross income to production potential

Profitability level of production potential

Return on financing a recreational complex

UAH 1045.5 million

9522.3 million UAH \u003d 0.109

5.92 million UAH.х100 /

9522 million UAH \u003d 0.62%

UAH 1045.5 million /

1039.4 mln. UAH \u003d 1.005

2009.9 million UAH

UAH 10216.4 million \u003d 0.1967

11.13 million UAH.х100 /

10216.4 million UAH \u003d - 0.015%

2009.9 million UAH /

2003.8 million UAH \u003d 1.003

UAH 2938.2 million

10886.5 million UAH \u003d 0.269

3.78 million UAH.х100 /

10886.5 million UAH \u003d - 0.034%

UAH 2938.2 mln. /

2432.5million UAH \u003d 1.2

UAH 3123.1 million

UAH 11136.1 million \u003d 0.28

UAH 11.25 million x 100 /

UAH 11136.1 million \u003d - 0.1

UAH 3123.1 mln. /

2532.2 million UAH \u003d - 1.23

From the analysis of the table, it can be seen that there is a strengthening of production potential, and this allows an increase in the volume of recreational services. If in 2005 the cost of recreational services was UAH 2.0 billion, then in 2008 it was UAH 3.1 billion. However, since sanatorium and resort establishments do not pursue the goal of maximizing profits, and their goal is to improve people's health, then due to the fact that they do not operate all year round, they are unprofitable. Unfortunately, the level of unprofitable potential is increasing. The ratio of income received and financing shows that this indicator is improving. In general, the indicators of the table indicate that the economic efficiency of the functioning of the recreational complex of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in 2001 - 2008 has grown.

The strategy and tactics of marketing activities in conditions of insufficient budgetary funding, and not only in these conditions, but also should always be aimed, among other things, at obtaining a financial result in the form of constantly increasing financial resources.

The study of the marketing activities of the recreational complex showed the volume of sales of sanatorium services increased. The influence of a number of factors on this indicator is determined, the following equation is obtained:

Y \u003d + 11.0744X1 + 3.368X2 + 2.5435X3-173.648X4 + 147.197X5 + 62.41

It follows from the equation that the growth in the value of current assets by one million hryvnyas. entails an increase in the volume of sales of services by UAH 11.07 million. An increase in the ratio of current assets by one percent entails an increase in the cost of services by UAH 3.368 million, an improvement in the ratio of accounts receivable turnover by one unit adds UAH 2.5435 million. cash proceeds. The value of the coverage ratio is also high, an increase of which by 0.1 units will lead to a decrease in the cost of selling recreational services by UAH 17,364.8 million, and an increase in the quick liquidity ratio by 0.1 units contributes to an increase in the cost of recreational services by UAH 14.719 million ...

The following conclusion follows from the conducted research:

1) The recreational complex of Ukraine is an important component of the socio-economic type of activity and is aimed at restoring the health of recreants. It is a complex formation of a set of enterprises, institutions, organizations, whose activities are reduced to the treatment and prevention of diseases and the organization of recreation for visitors.

State regulation of the activities of the recreational complex is carried out by two ministries: the Ministry of Health (in the line of control over the therapeutic effect on recreants) and the Ministry of Resorts and Tourism (in the direction of organizing recreation, distributing vacationers). It is possible to single out a number of areas of recreational impact, but the main thing is to manage the treatment of a person who has arrived on vacation, the system of resort factors, physiotherapy methods, physiotherapy exercises, therapeutic nutrition, medicines, as well as impact by improving the psychological climate and comfort.

From the theoretical positions adopted by Western scientists, the activities of the recreational complex should be considered as investments aimed at restoring health, the main component of human capital.

Ukraine has huge recreational resources and is one of the richest countries in the world with these resources, which, unfortunately, are not fully used. Many recreational regions are international (Crimea, Carpathians).

Based on the assessment of recreational activities from the standpoint of the management strategy, two main interrelated but contradictory directions of priority are identified: first, the social direction of sanatorium-resort activities, which is the process of providing the needy (in accordance with the diagnosis) with a set of medical services. This set of spa services is carried out in accordance with the principles of social justice, such as universal availability, financial solidarity (including insurance), and others. Recreational resources should be accessible to any of the holidaymakers - this is the opportunity to use sandy beaches, sea bathing, mud therapy, mineral springs, etc. Secondly, a commercial direction, based on marketing tools, with the goal of maximizing the financial results of the activities of sanatorium and resort and tourism institutions. In accordance with the classification of resort areas, based on the criteria of resource provision, the priorities of the strategic management of the recreational development of the territories are determined.

The sequence of development of a management strategy and the relationship between the levels of hierarchical subordination determines the specifics of the development of the industry. The coordination of the elements of the subject of the strategy for managing the recreational industry is determined by the economic and legal basis of interaction between them. In the system of staged rehabilitation (hospital - polyclinic - resort), sanatorium treatment is an integral part of a unified health care system and the most important link in a complex of treatment and prophylactic measures, restoration of working capacity and strengthening the health of the population.

The result of the impact of the functioning of the recreational complex is primarily the medical effect of treatment, which is reflected in a decrease in the incidence rate of the population and is expressed in the amount of loss of working time due to illness, an increase in labor productivity, and an increase in the cost of human capital. Currently, recreation and tourism are considered as a specific sector of the national economy, as an integral part of the socio-economic policy of the state and regions.

2) The concept of financial and economic activity of the recreational complex has been defined. The state financial management of the recreation complex provides for the allocation of funds for forecasting and drawing up programs for the development of this complex, funds for the training of medical specialists for sanatorium treatment and other specialists for recreational institutions and for the maintenance of the administrative apparatus of ministries and departments. The main task of the financial and economic activities of recreational institutions is to optimize the functioning of financial relations, which are multi-level and multi-channel and are carried out at the expense of three main sources of financial resources - budgetary funds, funds of the compulsory medical insurance system and funds of recreants. The consumption of sanatorium services in the system of sanatorium-resort activities is carried out both on a gratuitous, partially reimbursable, and commercial basis.

3) The assessment of the financial condition of the recreational complex created the prerequisites for predicting ways to increase the economic efficiency of its activities. On the basis of multivariate correlation-regression equations, the relationship was established between the influence on the mass of profit, the amount of cash earnings (the occupancy of health resorts, length of stay, costs per bed - day, number of tour days, etc.), the influence of the tax system, investment , blended financing and others, which allows planning these indicators for the future. The seasonal demand for recreational services is pronounced. The analysis carried out indicates the potential for growth in income from services.

Institutions with private property have the smallest volume of recreational services, but the cost of one bed-day is the lowest. State-owned institutions rank second in terms of the volume of recreational services, but the cost of a bed-day is quite low. Most of all additional services are provided by institutions with private ownership, and least of all additional services are provided by institutions with communal ownership.

It was established on the example of the Crimean region, the high economic efficiency of the recreational complex, which, even in the conditions of the modern complex level of the economy, allows to receive 267 million hryvnias for every million of tourists net profit and budget revenues. The calculations show an increase in the economic efficiency of the financial and economic activities of the recreational complex of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, taking into account the income received from the service infrastructure.

The recreational farm is engaged in the organization of recreation, sanatorium treatment and tourism of the population. For our region, the problem is

the development of the recreational complex has a priority character. The Irkutsk region, a part of the Baikal region, is widely known for its specific natural and socio-cultural potential, favorable geopolitical position (in relation to the countries of Europe and Asia) for the development of the recreational complex. The development of this sector of the economy has a positive impact on the socio-economic living conditions of the local population, since it stimulates the development of other sectors of the infrastructure complex (transport and communications, public services), agriculture, the construction industry, etc. The priority area in recreational development is tourism, the development of which is often associated with plans for rapid economic growth. The territorial organization of all types of tourist activities is determined by the location of natural, historical and cultural resources that make up the tourist and recreational potential (Ryashchenko et al., 2008).
The tourist and recreational potential of the Irkutsk region is formed by the following factors: convenient geographical location, natural resource potential, rich historical and cultural heritage, formed tourist infrastructure, long-term experience of receiving tourists on the territory of the Irkutsk region and the availability of a personnel base. The most important feature of the recreational resources of our region is their limitedness and uniqueness. Therefore, all the concepts for the development of this industry are based on the principles of maintaining ecological balance in natural ecosystems (Ryashchenko et al., 2008).
Tourist and recreational resources are unevenly distributed over the territory. On the territory of the Irkutsk region, there are six zones that are, to varying degrees, ready for the development of the modern tourism industry (Long-term target program ..., 2010): "Pribaikalye". The districts of this group (Slyudyansky, Irkutsk and Olkhonsky districts) have direct access to Lake Baikal - a unique natural site included in the UNESCO World Heritage List and which is the basis of the tourist potential of the Irkutsk region. This group also includes the city of Irkutsk as a large tourist transit center with a formed tourist infrastructure. Currently, there are about 400 registered tourist centers and recreation centers on the shores of Lake Baikal, with a capacity of about 20 thousand people. "Culture of the indigenous population". Ust-Orda Buryat District is a region of compact residence of the indigenous population - Buryats. From a tourist point of view, this area is interesting for its preserved original culture and traditional way of life. "Untouched nature". The group includes unique natural resources: reserves "Vitimsky" (in the Bodaibinsky district) and "Baikalo-Lensky" (in the Kachugsky district), sources of medicinal mineral waters (Kazachinsko-Lensky district), vast hunting grounds (Zhigelovsky district of the Irkutsk region), systems rivers and lakes, mountain ranges. The history and practice of gold mining in the Bodaibo region may be of particular interest in the future. "Southern industrial regions". It is relatively difficult for the regions of this group to compete in the tourism market. The concentration of industry, an unfavorable environmental situation, the absence of noticeable tourist and recreational resources, as well as significant development projects that are friendly to the environment, significantly limit the possibilities of tourism development. "Northern Industrial Areas". The main tourist and recreational resources are the Bratsk and Ust-Ilimsk reservoirs with a large number of places for recreation and water entertainment in the summer season. With proper development of unique tourist offers, the regions of this group can become centers of event tourism. Recently, there has been an increased activity both on the part of local governments of municipalities of the Irkutsk region and investors in the city of Bratsk, where there are all the prerequisites for the formation of a tourist cluster (favorable location, developed transport infrastructure, accessibility, availability of recreational potential, ongoing tourism projects) ... "Areas of delayed tourist development". Due to the significant remoteness, low level of economic development and basic infrastructure, a number of districts are classified as deferred tourist development. The development of tourism in these territories is possible with the development of specific economic projects. At the same time, there are significant tourist and recreational resources on the territory of the districts of this category (in particular, Nizhneudinsk district, Tofalaria), the use of which can serve as an additional source for the economic development of the region, contribute to the preservation of ethnic nature management and traditional economic activities of the indigenous small people of the Tofs.
The development of tourism in the Irkutsk region began 50 years ago, but this process has noticeably intensified since 2002. During all this time, a tourist infrastructure, service culture, personnel, excursion and tourist routes, etc. have been formed.
Irkutsk Region specializes in the development of the following types of tourism: Ecological tourism. It develops on Lake Baikal and other untouched natural areas, including specially protected ones (Pribaikalsky National Park, the Baikal-Lensky and Vitimsky reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, natural monuments). Cultural and historical tourism. It is formed on the basis of the rich history of the Irkutsk region and in the presence of more than 1,500 objects of excursion and educational value, the most famous of which are the city of Irkutsk, included in the list of historical cities of Russia with significant architectural monuments, an engineering and architectural complex of world importance, the Circum-Baikal Railway, ethnographic museum "Tales". Active tourism. Recently, interest in active recreation on Lake Baikal has significantly increased: winter ice fishing, photo-video safari, iceboating, hiking, underwater diving, motorcycle and
car races, horse routes, rafting on the Utulik, Irkut and Snezhnaya rivers. The Khamar-Daban, Primorsky, Severo-Baikalsky ridges, the Sayan spurs, the Olkhinskoye plateau are unique places not only for mountaineering, but also for mountain skiing. Prospective sites for the development of alpine skiing are located: in the Irkutsk region (Snowland, Eastland and the Nikola health and fitness park); in the Slyudyansky region (the Sobolinaya Mountain ski resort and the project for the Kharlakhta ski resort in Baikalsk). Business tourism (scientific and educational tourism). Created on the basis of the existing research and production potential of the Irkutsk region. The Irkutsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, higher educational institutions, industry institutes operate in the region, the country's largest industrial complexes operate - fuel and energy, mining, timber, petrochemical, non-ferrous metallurgy. Medical and health tourism. On the territory of the Irkutsk region, there are six lakes with valuable reserves of medicinal mud, 230 wells and springs, 25 deposits of medicinal mineral waters are discovered, 46 sanatorium-resort organizations with 5589 beds function. The health resort complex of the region makes it possible to effectively treat and prevent actual and problematic diseases: circulatory organs, nervous system and organs of movement, digestive organs and genitourinary system, respiratory organs, female and male reproductive spheres.
The main elements of the tourist infrastructure are located in the territories arriving at Lake Baikal (Irkutsk, Slyudyansky, Olkhonsky districts), as well as in the city of Irkutsk. Currently, there are 241 units of collective accommodation facilities in the region with a one-time capacity of about 19,236 places (tab. 21).
Table 21
The dynamics of the development of collective accommodation facilities in 2000-2010

assessment of compliance with the classification system for hotels and other accommodation facilities. Recently, there has been a tendency to accommodate tourists with private individuals, who are converting their estates into private visiting houses, which can contribute to the development of the so-called "rural tourism".
In large cities of the region, activities are developing to provide additional tourist services (restaurants, clubs, entertainment, cinemas, bowling alleys, etc.). In total, 207 travel companies operate in the Irkutsk region, of which 11 travel companies, included in the Unified Federal Register of Tour Operators, carry out tour operator activities (Table 22). About two dozen travel companies have more than 10-15 years of experience in the tourism sector.
Table 22
The main indicators of tourist activity in the Irkutsk region for 2000-2011.

Index	2000	2005	2008	2009	2010	2011
Number of travel agencies, units	39	90	95	126	145	207
Including:
Tour operator firms	27	18	20	20	22	11
Travel Agents	12	55	59	93	107	155
Average number of employees, people	240	497	405	461	506	747
Served tourists, people	22353	36085	70865	72981	74708	141416

Compiled from (Irkutsk region. 75 years ..., 2012)

The development of tourism and related infrastructure contributed to an increase in the tourist flow to the Irkutsk region, an increase in the consumption of tourist services and the number of people employed in this area.
Over the past six years, the tourist flow has shown a stable and high growth, while the Irkutsk region is among the leaders in Siberia and the Far East in terms of the number of tourists received. Thus, in 2009, the number of tourists visiting the Irkutsk region increased by 38% compared to 2006, and the volume of consumption more than doubled. The number of people employed in the tourism sector increased from 3.4 thousand people. up to 18 thousand people ("Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Irkutsk region (2011-2016)" ..., 2010).
QUESTIONS FOR SELF-CONTROL Highlight the territorial features of the development of the service sector of the Irkutsk region. Why is the Irkutsk region a region with a high level of development of education and science? How are tourist and recreational resources located in the region? What types of tourism are most developed in the Irkutsk region?

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Assessment of the effectiveness of the use of economic, labor and financial resources

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