Instructions for laying brick furnaces. Folding the oven with your own hands: Step-by-step instructions. Features of operation and cleaning oven

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The construction of a furnace for a home trusted a cookie, having appropriate skills and the desire to improve their skills. High-quality masonry of the heating structure can be classified as a specific type of art, although the construction of the furnace is also possible.

At the same time, it should be noted that the construction of furnaces is now quite possible. But for this it is necessary to carefully examine the recommendations of professionals. It will be necessary to choose the construction of the heat unit and qualitative materials. The homemade craftsman, his own entertaining oven, will have the opportunity for many years to admire his creation.

The construction of the furnace begins with his own hands from choosing its design solution. Not all heat units of brick are the same - they are characterized by parameters and their functionality.

According to the classification, brick furnaces are distinguished:

• heating structures;
• heating and cooking;
• special units.

The last devices include, for example, bath stoves (see Article: ""). You can build a combined heat unit such as a furnace-fireplace. For prolonged heat conservation, the brick version of the roasper is equipped. In cold weather, they are molded for one hour or in the morning or in the evening.

Selection of heating construction

Choosing a type of furnace, owners of private houses and cottages primarily take into account their own material opportunities. Of course, the laying of a brick heating structure will cost much more than the assembly of a metal device. Despite the difference in price, most of the homeowners, however, prefer the furnaces laid out of the brick.

Construction of the furnace with their own hands: Important nuances

First of all, before building a stove in the house, it is necessary to do the foundation under it. A monolithic foundation is performed for heating structures from bricks. Concrete for it is used by any, but its brand can not be below 300. It is necessary to observe the necessary depth of the embedding, which should be lower than the level of soil freezing.

The masonry of the furnaces are made of full-scale bricks using a clay solution. For firebox required chamotte brick. We must certainly observe the thickness of the seam. It should not exceed 5 millimeters, but better if there is only 3 millimeters. Masonry solution is independently easy. For him, they take quartz sand and mix it with clay in a 4: 1 proportion. There is also a sieve with cells up to 5 millimeters. Before preparing a mixture of sand sieved.

The technology of laying chamotte brick is similar to the one that is complied with the usual. This will require chammetic clay. If we build a furnace with your own hands, many questions arise regarding the installation of doors, plates, valves and other metal elements. With their arrangement, it is necessary to observe the parameters of temperature seams - they should be at least 5 millimeters.

All fittings used should be securely secured. The headband above the roof (chimney) is elevated with the help of a conventional sandy-cement solution.

A variety of furnace accessories is sold in specialized shopping centers and in building markets. It may differ in price at times depending on whom it is made. Foreign products are expensive than domestic products, but they have more attractive appearance. Now most often install the door with heat-resistant glass.

Features of the device furnace

The traditional device of a classic brick furnace provides the fastest heating in the part that is intended for cooking, while the walls are slower slower (read also: ""). Many consumers are not satisfied with these features. To solve this problem, provide for the survival system. As a result, there is no point in loading the furnace to prepare food completely, but you can only do the secondary firebox.

In this situation, the nozzle supplying the air for the fuel survival performs the function pissed. In this case, combustion products are discharged by adjusting by the Sewber. Chimney is equipped using an iron or asbestos-cement pipe.

The thermal insulation elements of the chimney tube are supplied only when it passes in the room. Outside, it is insulated with basalt cotton wool, and on top are covered with foil to prevent deposition of condensate on the inner surfaces. Swim brick connection metal pipe Hoods boil asbestos cord.

When the construction of the heating brick construction occurs in the country house, it is not always advisable to equip a shield having wells and channels, as it should be done in the construction of a Dutch furnace (more detailed: ""). To ensure good thrust, the pipe height should be at least 3 meters. In the summer there will be a side firebox for the operation of the furnace. Getting Started, you need to download about three kilograms of fuel - peat briquettes or small lanes. See also: "".

Tips from Masters-Pechniki how to build a furnace

1. A good solution to increase the heat transfer area will be the installation of a steel pipe to which metal radiators are welded. You can also use any iron products for this purpose.
2. To build the oven you need to use a full-length ceramic brick. Dynas products resistant to high operating temperatures should be used when assembling the furnace. The fact is that it is worse gives the heat compared to the red chimney brick - it warms up longer at a higher cost - almost 2 times (read also: "").
3. Before building the stove in the house, the brick must be placed in about 4 hours. When laying bricks to place the maximum accurately, aligning the image. If they are already laid, it is impossible to shift them. The cooking usually flashes with a solution with hands without using the trowel. If necessary, squeezing bricks use a mason of a bricklayer, also need to have a grinder.

Materials and tools

The following materials and tools will be required to build a furnace:

• bricks;
• red clay and quartz sand;
• cement;
• furnace accessories;
• corner, plumb, level;
• bulgarian;
• master OK;
• overalls.

It will be reasonable if before the construction of the furnace, with their own hands, the homemade master will advise with professionals to take advantage of their advice.

Some furnace construction tips are their hands on the video:

The diagram of the heating furnace from the brick depends on what you want to obtain ultimately. It may be heating, and maybe just the cooking products.

After all, functionality can be different. Today we will look at the furnaces heating brick drawings and rules for performing work.

You will also learn about the types of this design and their appointment. Also on the video in this article, see the manufacturers and use of each species.

Correct climbing scheme

Heating brick furnaces: drawings will need to be done before starting work. After all, depending on the species, a different amount of bricks will be required and finishing material. Any of the proposed species can be made with their own hands, and in this case the price of the product will be significantly lower.

Types of stoves

Brick heating furnaces: Schemes are divided depending on the application.

Depending on the design, the furnace can be divided into such types:

Heating stove	Its main purpose is to heating any premises. Here you can connect and water heating for the whole house. Forex furnaces should be attributed to them, here heating is quite fast, because the open burning of fire is supposed. Although for a large room such a design will not fit.
Cooking furnace	Her destination is cooking. For heating, it is simply not effective. The design is pretty simple and can be done with your own hands. Perfect for giving. Where you do not have often and you just need to cook food. Installation price is not high. There are no big design options.
Heating and cooking	It has all the advantages and disadvantages of the two previous species. The laying schemes of the heating stoves from the brick of this species are more complex. This is a whole system. These are quite powerful designs that have a lot of weight. Here you have to make a reinforced independent foundation. It will takes a high-quality chimney.

So:

• The furnace for the house should have a number of mandatory characteristics: heating the room, be safe to others, create comfortable living conditions.
• Not everyone can fold the oven with their own hands, which would have similar characteristics. The slightest error in the calculations may be expensive, as well as not quality work. As a rule, the masters are invited to this.
• Nowadays, the task is somewhat simplified by the presence of a huge amount of information about masonry furnaces on the Internet. Here you can get acquainted in detail with the furnace masonry technique, looking at the corresponding video.

Schemes of heating furnaces

Before the choice should be familiar with the options of the device of each design.

Immediately need to consider the installation system. After all, for each design there are its own requirements. For severe, a large foundation will be required. For cooking, it will be possible to do with a small slab.

Preparatory work

To begin with, it should be deciding on the construction site of the future furnace. The first time the oven is being built when housing is built, which means that the shape and dimensions of the furnace have already been identified, as well as its location.

So:

• The location of the furnace largely depends on the layout of the entire building, and its location should be such that it effectively heated all residential space.
• If the place is determined, you can start building the foundation. Its sizes must be somewhat more geometric furnace sizes. When it is construction, it is necessary to put waterproofing.
• Performing masonry, it should be remembered that the seams should be minimal, and the least maximum.
• When the internal surfaces of chimneys are laid out, there should be no surveillance of the solution, and the surfaces must be even. Extraly released from seams is preferably removed. Carefully must be laid out both side surfaces and corners.

ATTENTION: The foundation must withstand the weight of the structure. Therefore, it will be necessary to rein. This will give extra hardness.

It will be needed tool

For such work, you will need the following tool:

• Stretch (Kelm).
• Putty knife.
• Building level.
• Plumb.
• Lacing.
• Tara for solution.
• Shovel or drill.
• Soft wire.
• Roulette.

Methods and order of masonry

Making Mason

Masonry furnaces can be performed in various ways. It may be masonry with empty seams or laying in trimming.

ATTENTION: These methods differ dramatically. When laying in trimming, the seams are filled completely, and such a furnace is not plastered. The thickness of the walls of the furnace can be made in a brick or in the Pollipich.

For masonry furnaces, only a red full-length brick should be applied. At the same time, it is impossible to use a brick, used, slit brick or other building materials that are not intended for this.

Masonry technology consists of several stages:

• Cover the foundation of the waterproofing layer. It can be a simple runner. We make the basement. Its height is determined individually. Just do not make it too high. Made by solid masonry without voids.

• The first row can be lined with bricks, without the use of solution. After that, the bricks are aligned and the location of the front wall and the location of all the doors is determined. After that, the masonry continues, but using the solution. As a rule, a solution of ordinary clay is used for masonry furnaces.
• Then you can install vertical lighthouses using plumbing and rope or fishing line.
• Such furnace elements, as pondered, the ash bar or the furnace chamber are located depending on the design of the furnace. As a rule, it was implanted after the third row of masonry, but after one row after it is a roller.
• Then the firebox is laid out. Fastening the door of the furnace and pondered by using a soft wire.
• The next in turn is a furnace arch, which is formed after the second row of bricks laid out above the furnace.

• The furnace chamber is laid out with refractory bricks. To increase the efficiency of the furnace, it must be equipped with various valves regulating the flow of heated gases.

Technological order of masonry

The order of laying the furnace is the following:

• Without a solution, the first row is laid out and is leveled using a construction level.
• Bricks are laid out at the corners with a solution and strictly horizontally. After that, the space of bricks is filled using a solution. It will be the first row.
• After laying out the first row, the smooth side of the furnace with a roulette is checked. If there is a disintegration, they are corrected with the help of a queen, having a picking one or another angular brick.
• After that, you can start laying out the second row. The calculation starts with the corners and continue the masonry throughout the perimeter. After the perimeter is laid, the middle of the second row is laid.
• Then, on the corners, between the first and second next, nails are clogged, 80 mm long and an angle on the ceiling is design.

In the place of projection of the corner, a nail is clogged and the rope is stretched from below to the ceiling. Such an operation is done with all angles.

• Stretched cords will serve as a reference to further work. Subsequent rows, relative to the vertical, will be controlled by stretched cords that determine the contour of the future furnace.
• All subsequent ranks are laid out in a similar way, controlling horizontality using a construction level. During the masonry, it is necessary to ensure that there is no excess solution, and the chimney walls every 4-5 rows should be wiped with a wet rag. It is necessary to ensure that the solution in these places completely filled the seams.
• Suts of brick masonry for the furnace are made as thinner, and the filling of the seams is 100%. Masonry with thick seams is less durable, as they may be partial loss.
• The masonry of the furnace is performed with the ligation of bricks, otherwise it will not hold on. The meaning of the dressing is that the vertical seam of the subsequent row is somewhere in the middle of the previous row brick. It does not always come out and the vertical seam "walks" from the center of the brick is left, then right. This should constantly monitor and adjust the laying with such a calculation so that the center of the vertical row does not go beyond the limits of the part of the brick.
• The cutting brick lies with the outward channel, since the cut surface is considered weaker and can be collapsed under the action of temperature.

Use chammed bricks

Chamotal brick has excellent resistance to high temperatures and therefore is used to form a heat chamber.

• Because of the various coefficients of temperature expansion, the chip chamber bricks are not bandaged with brick furnaces. Between them should be a gap of about 5 mm.
• When you lay out the firebox from chamotte bricks, you can post a completely row or after the layout, make a lining of the firebox with chamoten brick.

Before installing the door, it should be checked on the quality of the adjustment and freeness of rotation on the hinges.

So:

• In the presence of distortions or the absence of smooth rotation, such defects should be eliminated, and if there is no such possibility, then replace new ones. It should also be determined whether there are openings for fastening.
• For fastening, a soft (knitting) wire with a diameter of 2.5-3 mm and about 50 cm with a length is rolled into the hole and twisted.
• Install the door after performing the masonry is not possible, so it is installed during the masonry process. To keep the door well, the wire should sit in the seams, between the rows of bricks. Because the melting falls down-up, then the mounting of the door occurs in the same order. First, the lower ends of the wire are molded, and then the top.
• After booking the lower fixing ends, the door must be set strictly vertically and horizontally followed by fixation. After the door is exhibited, you can continue further work.
• Such installation equipment can be used to fasten the door of the fiber chamber, the door has pissed other metal objects, such as valves, sozhotruci, etc.
• A very important stage is the installation of the stove. It is installed on a clay solution. The consistency of the solution should be so that the excess solution freely comes out from under the plate, as a result of pressure of its own weight. His quantity should be so that it fill out all the free space. It is impossible to allow it to be enough. In the future, under the action of high temperatures, the clay hits and reliably hold the plate on the surface.

• After the end of the work, you need to give the stove to dry completely. It is not less than 14 days, after which the stove can be stirred.
• So that the furnace has become attractive, it can be found with a tile. Here, the quality of masonry can be useful, especially if it was done with their own hands. It will easily put a tile on a very smooth surface, especially since high demands are also presented to its laying due to the presence of high temperature.

Brick heating furnaces: drawings we select depending on the selected design. The laying of the working part is best done on the clay solution. You have instructions and, by photo by choosing the desired model, you can start working.

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For a long time, the cooking stoves are traditional heating structures and not only boilers, but different other heaters cannot be compared with them in many parameters. They provide "living" heat, in addition, their distinguishes practices and unpretentiousness to the use of solid fuel. In addition, the constructed stove will last for many years.

The stoves for the heating of a private house are considered an ideal choice for suburban real estate. A qualitatively created heating design is capable of providing residents with a comfortable stay in each of the premises of the building. See also: "".

Stove with your own hands: how to make it right

In times, when in the houses in the main method of heating there were stoves, construction and repair of them were engaged in the masters - Pecs. Now, with certain skills, homemade craftsmen have the opportunity to fold the stove with their own hands. In the absence of experience construction workThe arrangement of such a heating construction is desirable to entrust professionals. We should not forget that the furnace refers to the objects of increased danger.

Before proceeding with the independent construction of brick heat units, it is necessary to deal with their main types and features of operation:

• heating furnaces - they are intended exclusively for heating at home. Their masonryit is quickly carried out, since their device is simplicity (more details: "");
• heating and cooking ovens - today they are considered the most popular and in demand. In addition to heating the premises, they can also be prepared for food, saving good money on gas and other modern coolants (read: ");
• for cooking in the heating construction, a special kitchen plate is built, and if desired, even a brass cabinet;
• facilities - Fireplaces - thanks to the installation of such aggregates, you can save a place in the house, thereby creating more comfortable living conditions and ensure efficient heating of the rooms (read: ""). It takes a little time to ignite them. Furnaces - fireplaces have a presentable appearance capable of decorating any room, both in a small country house and in a luxurious country villa (read also: ").

The stoves for the house are distinguished in shape with their own hands. For country houses, rectangular, square or round designs are most often chosen and such a variety of models allows you to stop at the best option, based on the destination and interior of a room or another.

In addition, regardless of the type, type and size of the fuel used, the furnace must comply with the specific requirements of fire safety. The base for heating structures from bricks should be certainly concrete. See also: "".

Location of heating stoves

With independent arrangement of furnace heating, it is necessary to provide the most optimal location for the installation of the heat unit. If, for example, put the design in the middle of the room, then the heat transfer to it will be the highest possible, because it will heat the space from all sides, while evenly giving the air heat.

In the case when the furnace is delivered near the wall, the convection flows of cool air, emanating from the doors and windows, will be actively moving around the house. As a result, with this arrangement of the heating construction, the tenants will constantly feel cold, "stretching" on the legs.

Before the fastener of the furnace device is required, according to the installation rules, it is necessary to provide the location of the door of the furnace chamber (read: "). It is necessary that the firewood is not necessary to wear across the room, spreading dirt and soot. You can avoid similar problems if you install the furnace in the kitchen or in a low-transmitted room.

Types of base for heating structures

In the drawings of ovens for heating, the construction of concrete overlapping or the presence of its own foundation is provided. In the latter case, the base is made in such a way that it is designed to install the structure of the structure and the walls of the chimney pipe, as shown.

Main components:

1. Topial. When the stove is created in the house with their own hands, this element is one of the main parts of the heat unit. It must accommodate the volume of firewood or other fuel at the maximum to ensure the greatest design performance. The size of the fuel can be different, since this parameter depends on the type of solid fuel (so for wood height of the chamber ranges from 40 to 100 centimeters), volume, performance. Lay out the fifthly exclusively of refractory bricks, and the thickness of its walls should be at least half the click.
2. Solnik. This chamber is equipped with a door and is located directly under the grate grid. It is designed to collect ash and supply air fuel. The height of the roller is equal to three bricks.
3. Chimney. One of the main elements that are available in each modern brick oven. Externally, it is similar to a serpentine, which moves the coarse gases, heating the air in the room. When the home heating stove is created, such as in the photo, when designing a chimney for a modern heating construction, experts do not recommend providing a large number of turns and bends, since they create an additional resistance to the promotion of flue gases, resulting in a decrease in the efficiency of the room heating.

Preparation of solution

The furnace can serve a trouble-free time if the masonry is properly prepared. It is made of sand, clay and water. It should be simultaneously viscous, durable and durable. A clay sandy solution is prepared simply: it will take clay that is poured with water and soaked at least one day. The mixture is then passed through sieve and stirred to the consistency of "clay milk" and only then add required amount Sand (read also: "").

The stove with your own hands will be durable and reliable designwill last not one dozen years if the solution is done correctly. In the event that building materials will be low quality, and the brick laying was carried out without compliance with technologies, the heat unit will quickly fail and can even collapse.

Features of the furnace masonry process

Before making the stove with their own hands in advance, the foundation should be made for her. Usually, the masonry of bricks begin a month after the foundation is created. It is necessary to withstand a certain time that the furnace is effective and high-quality, and the heating structure served for a long time, without overhaul and alterations while maintaining functionality and high performance.

Work on the masonry of a brick furnace is carried out in several stages:

1. First of all, lay the ash chamber and the bottom of the first cap with the exposure. Usually for masonry use a clay sandy mixture with high viscosity and durability.
2. Doors are mounted in brickwork, and their fastening is performed using galvanized wire.
3. Above the ashite is installed a grate grid. Then they begin to install the furnace, which is from the inside are shallow brick, placing it on the edge. In the manufacture of the solution, sand and chamotte clay use. The flue door is fixed with a wire and a steel plate having a thickness of 2.5 millimeters. See also: "".
4. On the 12th row of brickwork, it is necessary to overlap the fuel chamber and after that, using the level, mount the cast-iron slab having a burner. In the left side of the design, the masonry of the first cap and the channel intended for the summer stroke.
5. After the installation is completed, the walls of the cooking chamber are laid out. On the left side continues the construction of the bottom cap.
6. In the cooking chamber in the inner row, the valve assembly of the summer course required for the crossing furnaces is made.
7. In 20 row, the first of the caps and the cooking chamber are blocked. In a solid brickwork, it is necessary to leave the holes for the inventory of the cooking compartment, the summer stroke and the lifting channel. For this, bricks are based on steel corners in order to harden the heating structure and thereby increase its reliability.
8. The cooking chamber has a portal with swinging fireplace doors. A good solution will be the supply of the door inserts made from heat-resistant glass. If they are presented, it is possible to control the combustion process and at the same time observe how flames look like. See also: "".
9. After overlapping the hob and the lower cap using two brick rows, the top cap is beginning to spread. In convenient locations, clean doors are installed, helping to remove soot.
10. The walls of the cap are erected almost to the top point of the wall opening. At the top, the oven is overlapped with two brick rows. In order to further thermal insulation, the hole between the top of the aggregate and the screwing jumper must be laid with mineral wool.
11. If the stove is made with their own hands, on its upper perimeter, there are decorative lines and begin the installation of a pipe that takes place. The ideal solution The brick chimney is considered, since with time, metal and asbestos pipes often go. See also: "".

The original stove made with their own hands is shown in the video:

A brick stove in a private house or in the country can always perform several functions, such as heating and cooking. But most often the construction of a brick furnace is carried out with one goal - to continuously maintain heat in the house. To heat the room was carried out qualitatively (regardless of its size), and the fuel consumption remained moderate, not only the structural features of the brick furnace, but also the correct order of its construction. Also, special attention should be paid to the choice of building material. On how to fold a simple brick oven with your own hands, you can learn more.

It should be accurately distinguished by furnaces on the principle of use that are divided into:

• Red brick heating stoves. Apply most often, since with their help you can drop up to 100 m 2 rooms. The dimensions of the furnace can be quite large.

Heating stove

• Hobs. Used exclusively for cooking, of course, while distributing around a certain heat.
• Combined brick option. Such a brick furnace can be used both for cooking and heating. Very convenient, for example, in the country or in a country house.

Example combined furnace

• Fireplace options. The furnace-fireplace from the brick has not been widespread, but some owners try to give old furnaces to the face of the fireplace, saving the place. Used to heating the room or as a decorative version of the source of fire.

Fireplace brick stove

To learn the main structural elements and the size of a red brick furnace, for example, you should take the most popular option - combined (cooking stove and brick furnace for home or cottage heating).

The structure of the combined brick furnace:

• Fire. This is the place of the Russian oven, in which the fuel is combustion. Since the temperature in this place is constantly high, then select materials, respectively.
• Pissed. Free cavity, which is laid out of the brick directly under the furnace. The main function is the accumulation of ashes and small non-deputies. Also, the air is enjoyed through the air, which improves the quality of fuel combustion.
• Channels for removal of smoke from the furnace. One of the most complex parts of the furnace. Passing through the channels, combustion products give part of heat brick, which subsequently heats the room.
• Chimney. Releases exhaust gases into the atmosphere. It also provides the necessary thrust in a Russian oven.
• Tile. Located in a place above the furnace and only in cooking or combined furnaces.
• Cleaning holes. For greater convenience, they are mounted in the upper part of the chimney, this place allows it to clear it quickly and efficiently.

Foundation - the basis of any structure

Like each thorough building, the brick stove for the house must have its own foundation. The weight of the brick furnace on average is 1.5 tons, no more. Therefore, in the ground, it will be enough to dig a trench to a depth of 15-20 cm that approximately the same bayonet shovel and you can begin the construction of the furnace with your own bricks.

After the trench for the foundation is ready, the formwork can be installed in it. The formwork makes from the boards of any category with their own hands, the only condition is the absence of traces of rotting. The design should rise by 10-15 cm above the earth. According to the rules, the foundation base must be in the level with the floor, but many household owners make it a little higher. The walls of the formwork can be copp with a spoke.

A sandy pillow falls back on the bottom of the trench. Many sand use is not necessary. On top of the embankment, it is possible to pour a cement masonry solution for which the following materials are necessary:

• 1/3 cement buckets.
• 8 bayonet shovel Sand.
• Water (add to the formation of a thick cement solution). With accidental overflow of water, add a little cement and sand.

The first layer of cement will be 7-8 cm. It should be placed such materials as pieces of fittings or a predetermined reinforcement grid. Next is poured the second layer and the fittings also fit. Armature will allow reliably to associate the entire design and adds strength to it. After the end of the fill with a solution, it is necessary to give time to dry, it can take up to several weeks.

On the finished foundation, 2 layers of waterproofing should be laid. It is not necessary to fasten it, the brick laying will highly fit waterproofing to the foundation.

Laying a brick furnace with your own hands, step by step

When knowledge of the sequence of laying a simple brick furnace and the presence of the required tool and building materials at hand, work can take several days. Masters for the construction of a brick furnace takes no more than one day.

1. The most responsible in the furnace is the first brick series, which is placed in a solid surface, without any cavities or technical holes. To install its level and the right corners, use: the square, the construction level and (if necessary) roulette. After completing the masonry of the first furnace level, it can be checked using a plumb fixed on the ceiling indoor.

Construction of the first row of brickwork

If you do not comply with these recommendations and not use the measuring instrument, the result may not match the desired: a row with curves walls, disproportionate angles, an uneven surface. Then the furnace will have to shift, which will lead to an additional cost of funds.

Not always here is the whole furnace brick, sometimes enough halves. In order to prepare such pieces, a grinder with a diamond circle should be used. Brick can not be chopped by a hammer, it is too fragile and slices will turn out uneven.

Read more The process described above. You can consider on video:

The above sequence accurately shows that folded a simple furnace (which will endure the increase in degrees) or a plate of bricks with their own hands, and for this it does not require complex tools or expensive building materials.

Brick furnace order

Cooking mortar for masonry oven

Most often for masonry furnace (or fireboxes), a clay solution is used from bricks, which can be prepared with their own hands (for example, for a cooking furnace), there is no need for this much time. The materials for the furnace are needed as follows: clay, water, sand. Clay, before preparing a solution for masonry furnace, it is necessary to soak at least 24 hours. After that, it should be added clean water, without mineral impurities. The resulting masonry solution should be sufficiently thick and remind of sour cream on the consistency. The last ingredient is sand, it is added with minor portions, constantly stirring the solution.

If the masonry of the brick furnace is made according to all the rules, the clay solution does not suit the first row (the place of the brick and the foundation), as well as for the chimney. This is due to the accumulation of moisture in permanent operation of the furnace. The clay is inclined to absorb water and with sharp drops of temperature gives a crack. Therefore, for these places it is better to use a lime solution.

Order of the preparation of a lime solution for a brick furnace:

• Materials: Negane Lime, Water, Sand. Prepare a mass consisting of water and lime, as a ratio of 3: 1. At the same time, it is necessary to add water into the lime and constantly stir the solution before the formation of the test. It is very important when working with negashing lime Use a protective mask and gloves.
• After cooking the test for masonry the oven, it should be reckoned and quickly sifted, getting rid of too large particles.
• Sand, the amount of which should be 3 times the lime should be added to the sifted solution.
• The addition of water will allow you to get a thick mass for masonry furnace or separate furnaces. Now you can proceed to the construction of a real Russian oven. Some wizards, for greater strength, add a small part of cement to solution.

A qualitative, but more expensive replacement of a furnace clay and lime solution is cement mortar. Cement is highlighted with increased strength, as well as resistance to temperature drops, is most suitable for laying the stove used in order to heating the room, as well as chimney or a dish.

For the preparation of such a solution, sophisticated sand and cement will be required. The ratio should be 1 portion of cement to 3 sand portions. Preparing a dry solution (enough to mix cement and sand), it can be gradually added to it, but only in small portions. Having achieved the necessary consistency (the solution should become creamy), you can start a masonry of a brick furnace for home or cottage. The main drawback of the cement mortar to create a furnace with their own hands from the brick - it should be used for one hour after cooking.

And one more useful video for beginners

There are many options for cottages for villas and houses. Some of them imply financial spending, others require direct hands. How to be the one who did not work out with money or as crap? Ensure simple brick stove, which even "Humanitarian" can be folded.

The article discusses two options. The first will suit those who want more or less "decent" heating and cooking equipment. The second is useful to readers who do not claim any aesthetics of the result at all.

Figure 1. Simple brick oven

How to make a simple but efficient oven?

This option may serve as an alternative to the simplest metal heating devices - for example, bourgeois. With this furnace, you can warm the room, and cook food, and even admire the flame.

Design takes a little more than half square meter. Unlike full-fledged brick furnaces, this does not require a foundation device. The weight of the structure is not so large to make a powerful base - it is enough to put a solid board.

The furnace can be done in just a day. One of the advantages of the option is that the starting protostka is already possible in the evening. Certain skills are needed, but they do not go beyond the skills of the mid-duty male representative.

On a note! No qualifications for the construction of furnaces is not required. But compliance with the order is necessary - this will make the design as efficient as possible in the context of its potential.

What will required for work?

It is not only a simple, but also the budget option. For the construction of the design, it will be necessary:

• brick:
• * chamoten - 37 pcs.;
• * Red - 60 pcs.;
• the door pissed;
• door of the fuel ...
• lattice;
• catch;
• cast iron cooking panel.

As a binder - clay solution. Total will need about 20-25 liters of mixtures.

Preparation

First of all, you need to decide on the location of the furnace. Since the mass of the design is small, restrictions inherent in traditional brick solutions, no. Fixing durable boards or suitable alternative material, "Fundam" heat and waterproof.

The role of the insulator can play a non-combustible material - for example, basalt wool. Polyethylene or ruberoid are placed over the base. The size of the latter corresponds to the size of the base plus a small allowance.

From above pour a layer of sand with a thickness of 1-2 cm. Align the subtype. It is important to make the basis of smooth - the quality of the design and the convenience of subsequent work depends on it.

Masonry scheme

Figure 2. Furnace cooker's coat order Next:

1. The first row is put on the sand without using a solution. Dozen bricks align strictly by level. The bricks are thinly layerly drain the mixture, after which the door was mounted from the end. The door is pre-wrapped around the perimeter with a cord of asbestos compensating for the thermal expansion of the metal.
2. After fixing the door with the wire, the second row is put according to the scheme. Formed pissed.
3. Shamot is going to move (in the diagram it is distinguished by a yellow tint). After masonry over the confusion, the grille is mounted.
4. Before that brick was plashed. On this row it is put on the edge. Form the chimney channel, inside which make the basis for the partition. One of the bricks (it can be seen in the illustration) put "dry" - subsequently will be removed. After that, the fuel door is mounted, which before mounting several times turn the asbestos strips. But it is necessary to do it so that the door is well open up. The element is fixed with wire and a pair of bricks.
5. Again the brick is plashed, duplicating the previous row.
6. Again, the cherief of the "Rib" is the second and last row in which the brick is put in this way. The exception is the following series in which one of the walls is formed by masonry on the edge. The walls of the chimney canal need to wipe with a damp cloth.
7. Brick put plafhum according to the scheme. Make the rear wall, again using the format "on the edge".
8. This is near the toproom. A pair of bricks must hang over the fuel to the flames shifted to the middle hobs - In case the stove is operated as a fireplace (without closing the door of the furnace).
9. Bricks are slightly shifted to the back wall to stop the door of the fuel. Before brickwork, asbestos moistened in water. This ensures the sealing of the gap between ceramics and cast iron. Directly on the clay solution, the cast-iron panel cannot be put it, otherwise the difference in the thermal expression parameters will result in cracks.
10. At this stage, the formation of a chimney pipe starts. The latter according to the plan should smoothly expand to the back side. But the bricks make only a chimney basis. The rest is made of light metal. Otherwise, the excess mass of the element can lead to a displacement of the center of gravity of the stove.
11. Here is mounted a valve compacted asbestos strips. The latter is recommended to be pre-deceived by clay mortar. This is a final row, which is completed by the construction of a brick furnace directly with their own hands. The remaining pair of rows is given to chimney, which will be further shrinking with a more lightweight metal channel.

After that, those bricks are cleaned, which on the 4th row put "dry". At the same stage, the chimney canal and the surface of the stove are brushing.

Final works

The simplest stove does not imply serious decorations. The only decoration is to whiten. It is recommended to add a bit of blue and milk to add a coating from the formation of yellow climb and queries.

Important! Before working, brick and metal should be protected. If this is not done (for example, using a film), then not to get rid of stains.

It is necessary to wash the seams very well between the brick and the chimney metal, as well as the seams between the ceramics and the cast iron.

Be sure to close the joint between the chimney brick and the floor. It will eliminate from the hit of the scene to the room. The joint is preferably covered with a sheet of M-shaped. Then make the plinth edging, which serves as a decor, and an additional element that prevents the rash "foundation" subftitude.

Figure 3. Functioning furnace

The stove is ready. For the whole process left no more than one working day. Already now you can try to make a low-power extract. Length cannot be used - only chip or paper. Wood mill will create too high temperature, and the design cracks. For a complete set of mixture, you need to give a week-other. After that, you can already stir "in an adult".

Even simpler stove version

If the previous option seemed difficult to someone (although it is not so), you can offer an extremely simplified heating structure. You can put this furnace with your own hands literally in an hour, even if your hands are far from being called gold.

Figure 4. The simplest brick furnace

The principle of operation of the construction is simple. Below fuel burns down, there is also settlement under the influence of its own mass. Temperature differences create thrust, fascinating hot air flows up. At the same time, the firewood burns almost without a residue - smoke is minimal.

For masonry, you will need only two dozen whole bricks and two halves. The stove consists of five rows. The design is so simple that there is no point in describing the order. The procedure is clearly represented on the illustration.

Figure 5. The friend of the simplest brick structurally to lay bricks correctly (and it is differently difficult to do), the result will be similar to that presented in the photo. Bricks are recommended to bind with clay mortar. But on mutual conditions, you can do without a binder - just put the components on each other according to the order. In this case, the stove is constructed in five minutes.

Figure 6. Masonry process Figure 7. Finished Mobile Brick Oven

Those who want an intermediate version can be recommended the option of a little more comprehensive.

Figure 8. Device diagram of a simple stove of this scheme at the output - M-shaped three-section stove. The first compartment is designed to load firewood. The second is a chamber in which the lamps burn. The third compartment is a chimney channel.

Figure 9. M-shaped stove

It will also take 20-30 bricks to create this design. This option can be mastered in a couple of hours, if the magazine skills are missing completely. Specialist construction will be submitted in a matter of minutes.

Benefits of the simplest furnace structures

Advantages of structures:

• very high installation speed - from day to several minutes;
• does not require the foundation; The stove can be folded anywhere; And if you do not use the binder mixture, the stove comes out collapsible and easily moved;
• as a fuel - everything that burns: lamps, branches, bumps, stems of corn, leaves, chipboard, remnants of furniture, etc.;
• fuel consumption is several times less than, for example, in the case of burzhuyk;
• the easiest option - without the use of clay - allows you to get a large heat transfer than from the fire; Therefore, similar designs - the find for those who do not want to constantly maintain the fire in the campaign;
• almost complete absence of smoke - fuel combines with a minimum of waste;
• the temperature of the bricks reaches 1000 degrees - good heating and fast food cooking is provided.

Conclusion

Figure 10. Another g-shaped version

Even the most advanced version of this review does not require qualifications and a lot of time. The choice of design depends on the objectives of the "Pechsk". In the stationary case, the first option is suitable. For mobile situations and at all, it is better to take advantage of even more simplified schemes.

znatoktepla.ru.

How to fold a brick oven for home or cottage

Despite the development of new technologies, the usual wood cutting oven continues to be one of the demanded heat sources for private and country houses, as well as garages and other business buildings. But the construction of even the most simple stove requires tangible financial costs, because many homeowners are interested, whether it is possible to build it yourself and how best to do it.

To help them save on construction, in this material it is described how to properly fold the simple brick furnace, intended for the heating of a residential building or cottage.

Choosing a furnace project

It's no secret that different projects Brick furnaces on firewood There are countless, and the masters - the live shops constantly invent new designs. Therefore, a person who decided to master the focus of a chimney will not be easy to carry out a choice among them. Therefore, you should first give clear answers to next questions:

1. What tasks should solve a brick oven in your home, will it be only heating or need to prepare food and warm the water with it?
2. How much space are you willing to allocate under the construction of the stove when erecting a new house?
3. If the cottage or the house is already erected, then you need to think about the place of the placement of the heater and the passage of the overlap of the chimney pipe. At the same time it is necessary to take into account the device of a separate foundation.
4. Decide in advance with the design, you may wish to build a fireplace oven with panoramic glass.

Council. The newcomer at first should not be taken for the masonry of a serious brick furnace in the house, and for the beginning of folding in the courtyard something simple and small - barbecue or barbecue, the benefit of such projects has been published quite a lot. Having trained and stinging your hand, you will understand the nuances of this work and proceed to the construction of the home heater.

Street mangala scheme with cabinets

Of course, it is hardly possible to build a beautiful stove with your own hands with a built-in panoramic glass. But after all, to fulfill these works and consultations, you can always invite a cook. As a rule, these people are benevolent, because to build a homely focus it is always necessary to approach the soul. What is the choice of the project, then you are offered to your attention 3 simple options:

• conventional cooktop for 2 burners with a tank for water heating;
• channel heating furnace - Holland;
• heating and cooking stove classic design.

The construction of the original rocket stove is presented in our separate manual.

Water boiler cooking

This furnace has dimensions of 890 x 510 mm and is designed for cooking with simultaneous heating of water in a tank, placed on the path of separation from the flue of flue gases. The overall heat transfer plate is 1.2 kW when the firewheel is twice a day. Below, this furnace is represented in the drawings with cuts:

A similar small brick oven, folded with their own hands, is pretty simple in performance and will take a little place in the kitchen. Subsequently, it can be attached to her heating shield to select more heat in flue gases. Below on the masonry scheme shows the furnace order:

To fold the hob itself, it is necessary to purchase the following materials in advance and furnace accessories:

• brick ceramic full-length - 185 pcs.;
• cast iron plate on 2 burners size of 530 x 180;
• the door of the fuel cell 250 x 210, ash bar 130 x 140, revision 130 x 140;
• angle of equestrian 30 x 4 - 3.6 m;
• oven 320 x 270 x 400;
• tank for water 150 x 350 x 450.

Also, for lining under the furnace, roofing steel and sheet asbestos are required by the size of 115 x 64 cm, and for stacking in front of the stove on the floor, a metal sheet is 50 x 70 cm.

Channel stove Holland

This classic channel heating furnace, shown in the photo, really comes from Holland. Its advantages - in simplicity and undemanding to the quality of materials, and another body of the furnace can be increased by an arbitrarily in height and thus damaging the premises on two floors. In addition, the Dutch can be safely considered a mini-stove, because it takes very little place in terms of.

The manufacture of the simplest Dutch stove on the 3 channels shown below in the drawing, for an experienced master will not be great difficulty. The newcomer will have to work hard to make high-quality laying with dimensions in terms of 1010 x 510 mm, leaving for a height of more than 2 m plus chimney. But first it is proposed to get acquainted with the laying scheme of this brick furnace and coaches:

For construction, materials will be required:

• ceramic brick full-time - 390 pcs.;
• copyright 250 x 250 (cast iron or steel grille);
• the door of the fuel cell 250 x 210, the ash bar 140 x 140, revision 140 x 140;
• metal valve 130 x 130;
• asbestos sheet 1000 x 500;
• the same sheet of roofing steel.

Heat-cooking oven

The design of this source of heat is already more complicated, although the oven resembles the same Dutch. Its dimensions are 650 x 510 mm, and the developing thermal power is about 1.5 kW. By the name of the brick oven - heating and cooking - it is easy to understand that it is designed both for heating the rooms in the house and for cooking. The scheme of the structure is shown in the picture:

Scheme of combined stove

Important moment. If you carefully examine the scheme, then it can be understood that the summer mode of operation in this simple design is not provided.

This means that cooking food in the summer on the stove will be burned if it is located in the house. We will have cooking to perform in another way or choose a more appropriate project of the source of heat. Homeowners, which are not embarrassed by the above fact, is offered a list of materials and coaches to successfully fold the brick oven:

• ceramic brick full-time - 211 pcs.;
• cast iron plate on 1 hub measuring 360 x 410;
• copyright 250 x 250;
• the door of the fuel cell 250 x 210, ash bar 130 x 140, revision 130 x 140, ventilation 130 x 75;
• a corner of the equestrian 32 x 4 - 300 mm;
• lathe 140 x 140;
• knitting wire with a diameter of 1.5 - 5 m.

What brick put the furnace

The main construction material for the construction of the furnace is the red ceramic brick of brand 150, manufactured from burnt clay. Its dimensions are standard - 250 x 120 x 65 mm, although other stones were produced for the furnace for the furnace. But now all the dimensions are unified, so that the chamotte (refractory) brick, from which it is often laid out the furnace's fifth, in size, as the usual one.

In construction, the stone is still used with a height of 88 mm, but it is not suitable on the masonry of the furnace, since it has emptiness. Here, only a complete material that has no emptiness and cracks is required. For the recent, it is necessary to carefully study each unit, a great quality brick is required for work. True, there is one exception - a Dutch furnace, it can be put it from less high-quality stones. But it is not worthwhile to reach the absurd, the source of heat, folded from the cobblestones, will not be warm.

The fact is that the warm-hearted oven, built by their own hands from poor-quality red brick, can go cracks even at the stage of drying a masonry solution. It should be noted that the clay solution is exactly dried, and does not freeze, as cement. Therefore, beginners are not recommended to experiment with poor or used brick, otherwise the newly built oven will immediately require repair.

Chamotte stone for the formation of a fuel

A separate recommendation concerns a masonry solution. It should not be at first to go to the nearest ravine for clay, because it still needs to be brought to the right condition. Better buy a ready-made construction mixture for masonry furnaces, clay or chamotte.

How to build a furnace

In the overwhelming majority of cases, construction begins with the foundation device for the future heat source. The exception can be street mini furnaces, which is sometimes put on the concrete courtyard of the courtyard. All others regardless of location should be built on a solid base. Moreover, it is not allowed so that the foundation of the furnace bind to the base of the house or arranged to it rightly, it is necessary to leave a gap of at least 5 cm, and better - 10.

Important. Failure to comply with this requirement may result in the fact that a year later, two furnace can crack and even deviate from the vertical.

If the house has a good base in the form of a cement screed, and the overall weight of the furnace does not exceed 750 kg, then the foundation device is not required, the masonry can be started directly from the screed, pre-roofing the sheets of asbestos and roofing steel. The designs presented in the previous section have weight over 750 kg, and therefore it is necessary to organize a reliable base. Foundations under the furnace are 2 species: butt and reinforced concrete.

Regardless of the type of base, first need to dig a hole whose dimensions exceed the furnace area by 10 cm in each direction. The depth depends on the power of the top layer of the chernozem or other sedimentary soil, the sole of the foundation should rely on a more dense layer. In the first case, the hamper is laid with a dressing with a dressing, using a solution from such components:

• sand - 6 pieces;
• cement - 1 part;
• lime stirred with water - 1 part.

All empties between the stones are also filled with this solution, the upper part is aligned at a depth of 80 mm from the floor. The reinforced concrete base is poured with a formwork and reinforcement grid, pillowing the pillow from a crushed stone with a thickness of 10 cm.

Important. After pouring the solution or concrete to the top of the foundation, it is necessary to lay a waterproofing barrier from the frontierOd 2 layer.

The laying of the furnace is carried out according to the coaches with the observance of the thickness of the seams within 3-5 mm. After laying each row, it is necessary to control the observance of the vertical and horizontally using a plumb and construction level. The solution on the brick can be shifted by a trowel or manually, it is allowed to easily attach the stone after putting into place.

The residues of the solution are removed from both sides of the wall, and the inner wipes the wet cloth to create a smoother surface. It is necessary, in order to ensure the smallest resistance to smoke gases.

When installing accessories and water tanks, it is important to trace so that there are no cracks between the masonry and metal surface, the pairing places should be thoroughly fill with a solution, otherwise the furnace will get smoky. At the end of the construction, it is necessary to withstand 2 days before complete drying of the solution, after which it is possible to produce a trunk furnace firebox starting from a small amount of firewood. How to fold a small oven at home, described in detail on the video:

What can paint the stove

It is clear that from the first time the newly-made master will not get folded a beautiful oven because of the lack of experience. But this is a correlative, because you can make a facing brick wall Using staining. Previously, they were plastered and covered with two layers whitewashed from chalk or lime, but now there are simpler and more convenient means. In addition, the lime is easily transferred to clothing with random touch and constantly needs to be updated.

If we talk about how you can paint a brick oven, there are such options here:

• creasurganic heat-resistant enamel of the KO brand, designed for high temperature;
• silicate or acrylic paints;
• heat resistant lacquer (for example, PF-238) ahead of the dye.

The most preferred option is the transparent enamel KO-85, KO-174 and KO-813. It is suitable both on the furnace itself and for painting metal parts, as it can withstand temperatures up to 600 ° C. Silicate and acrylic paints will not last so long, but they are cheaper. Also, the furnace can be painted and transparent PF-238 varnish or mix it with a gouache required color, as shown in the photo:

In any case, the coating is applied 2 times, the second layer is superimposed after drying the first. Used tool - brush and roller. Pre-surface is desirable to be treated with a special primer composition designed for such purposes.

Conclusion

Of course, it is impossible to deeply uncover all the nuances of a complicated chimney within one article, only the foundations are given here. Beginner homemade MasterBefore you take a case, it is advisable to post the appropriate literature to successfully fold your first furnace. It is equally important to carry out a preparatory stage, correctly pick up materials, tools and fixtures.

otivent.com.

How to fold the oven with your own hands - the technology of masonry bricks, tips + video

Folding a brick oven, which is always ready to warm up any housing, is easy. You only need to learn some subtleties of construction of brick stoves and use the knowledge gained correctly.

What brick stove can be installed in your home and where is it better to do?

By functionality, all the stoves are customary to divide into several types. The hobs have a special cast iron panel, where you can warm the water and cook food. Such furnaces are most often installed on dachas and in small private houses, in which people do not live in winter. In principle, the cooking stove is able to dig a small area, but its main task is not in this, but in the preparation of food.

Heating are designed exclusively for the heating of the dwelling. They are not prepared, since they do not have a cooking panel, due to which they are usually very compact sizes. Cooking-heating - a combination of the first first types of brick furnaces, which makes it possible to heat the large area and cook any food. Often, such devices are supplied not only the cast-iron panel, but also a separate niche where you can dry fruits and vegetables, and a built-in oven.

Hall-heating furnace

Regardless of the species, any stove is obliged to be the maximum fireproof, do not smoke in extras and burning, as well as create comfortable conditions for staying in the house. To achieve this, you need to properly choose a place in the home where you want to fold the oven, guided by the following recommendations:

• It is impossible to build a heating device at the external wall of the residential building due to the fact that it will become very quickly to fall out due to the effects of cold air outside.
• Put the stove in the middle of the room or next to the inner wall. You can also build a built-in wall. If the device is put in the center of the room (this is done when the dwelling area is quite large), it divides it into several functional parts - living room and kitchen, bedroom and dining room, and so on. For small areas, the stove is more suitable for the wall, built into the wall, or mounted right under it.
• To simplify the masonry, it is advisable to find a correctly composed scheme-order for a particular type of furnace.
• If the stove is constructed between two rooms, it is necessarily separated from the wall surfaces with materials with a high heat resistance.

Note that large heating devices (the number of bricks more than 500) and with their own chimney should be installed in the house for a separate foundation. Moreover, it should not have connections (mechanical) with the basis of the structure (it is necessary to comply with this requirement and then when the house and the furnace are erected together).

We make the foundation and choose a brick for building an oven

If the stove is relatively small sizes are built in the already operated house with a tiled concrete foundation, it is allowed to mount it directly on the available base. On the floor of the concrete you will need only to sash the frontieroid.

When the flooring of the construction of wood or the house stands on a tape foundation, it will be necessary to prepare a separate base for the heating device.

This can be done by this scheme itself:

1. Place the place on the floor under the future brick stove.
2. Remove the marked part outdoor coating And they dig in the ground under it pitted (its depth should be about half a meter).
3. At the bottom of the pit, we put the sand layer (about 10 cm) and from above - rubble (the same thickness), we will tamper the resulting "pillow".
4. We put a milk formwork for the foundation along the perimeter of the pit (above the level of the main flooring it is treated somewhere by 11 cm).
5. Half of the pit under the furnace foundation pour the mixture of sand, rubble and cement, waiting for it when it freezes.
6. We fill the second half of the hammer with a solution (after the previous composition in the pit is reliably grabbed), which is desirable to do more "thin" (add a little more water to it).

Foundation for the heating device

After that, it is necessary to thoroughly dissolve the foundation by the rule and wait about a month to the moment he will firmly freeze. And at this time you can choose and buy a brick, remembering that the durability of the stove depends on its quality.

For masonry, refractory, ceramic, chammed and special chims notes, as well as hand-molding products. All these materials should be chosen by labeling, which indicates their strength. The brick oven in the house should be built from special products of M150-M200 brands having:

• homogeneous color;
• straight faces with the absence of chipping and cracks;
• geometrically proper form;
• dimensions 11.3x6.5 or 23x12.3 cm (it is desirable to buy bricks with such parameters, since most of the deceit schemes are developed under them).

Special chimney bricks

It is allowed to use non-stove brick, but chamotte. But be prepared for the fact that the furnace made of chamotte material will not only quickly heat up, but also quickly cool. Outside, chammed products are facing ceramic bricks. It is necessary to do this. This finish is recommended for heating structures built from a special chimney brick.

Masonry chimney solutions - what should they be?

Before folding the furnace with your own hands, it should be understood with the compositions that will ensure reliable fixation of bricks and the whole design. Typically use masonry solutions based on sand and clay (white kaolin or chammatory mergel for conventional bricks, gray Cambrian or Ground refractory clay for ceramic).

Components of the composition for masonry stove should be selected very carefully. For example, if you feel that some smell (unpleasant or pleasant) goes from chamotte clay, do not take it. The fragrance indicates the presence of organic raw materials. For masonry oven such clay does not fit. The sand takes any, the main thing is that there are no extraneous impurities in it.

Clay with sand

The proportions in the clay and sand solution are determined by the experimental way, conducting special samples according to such a scheme:

• 1 kg clay is poured with ordinary water and leave for 24 hours, while the composition does not scatter;
• mix clay to the state of clay (topping the water mixture);
• divide the kneading 3-5 parts and add to different portions of sand (from 10 to 100% by volume);
• mix the solutions (as thoroughly) and dried about 3.5 hours.

Then, samples should be carefully rolled out at 30-40-centimeters along the length of the "sausages" by a cross section of about 1.5 cm and wrap them around any round billet of a larger diameter. After that, they are waiting for drying compositions (about half an hour). It remains only to analyze the quality of solutions.

Checking the quality of masonry solution

If microscopic cracks were formed on the "sausage" or there are not at all, boldly mix the clay and sand in the proportions used for this sample. With the cracks of a depth of no more than 2 mm, the solution can be used to masonry those sections of the heating construction, which are not heated above 280-300 ° C. If the "sausages" was covered with breaks and deep cracks, which means that in the prepared mixture too much sand. It is prohibited to use it for the construction of the furnace.

An even simple option is to purchase a mixture in a construction store to perform furnace work. You do not want to mess with the creation of a "ideal" solution yourself, simply buy it and start building a brick furnace.

It is important to strictly stick to the selected order scheme for a specific furnace structure, as well as decide on the type of laying. Common ways of installing bricks are masonry with empty seams and an imhodist. In the latter case, plastering the finished stove is not necessary - the solution is present in all the seams performed. But when performing work with empty seams, plastering the constructed furnace is a mandatory operation.

Scheme-co-order for chimney

In order not to make fatal mistakes, beginners in the construction of home heating structures. It is recommended to pre-lay bricks without the use of sandy-clay mixture. It is done in order with the help of 5 millimeters in the thickness of the rivers. They are put between rows of bricks. In fact, the rails "replace" a solution.

After you build all the oven dry, and make sure everything is done correctly, start disassembling the design. If possible, numb all the bricks and fold them separately. Then the finishing process will pass with you at times faster.

Process of finishing oven

• vertical seams (everything without exception) must be filling with a solution to avoid the probability of stratification of the structure;
• each brick in the masonry should be relying at least two others;
• the smallest width of the seam is 2 mm;
• you need to dress all the rows vertically;
• the thickness of the masonry is taking about 5-7 mm, after pressing it with bricks, this value decreases by 2-3 mm (it is allowed to slightly hit the rubber hammers);
• when using ceramic bricks, they are loose for a couple of seconds in conventional water, so they stick to the solution without problems, the chamotte products "bathe" do not need;
• before laying bricks should be cleaned with a hairbrush from dust and crumbs (this operation is called mop).

A few more important points. Bricks are placed on a place intended for them one by one. If the stone lay down "by", it must be removed, remove the clay-sand mix from it, and then put it again. The solution that was removed from the bricks is not in the future.

We carry out the furnace masonry yourself for understandable and simple technology

The first series of heating construction is laid out without the use of the solution. Then all the bricks included in it are thoroughly align and determine the locations of all doors and other furnace elements. After that, you need to establish the position of the angular stones and put them on the solution.

We use the level for accurate reciprocating of the position of bricks horizontally, as well as a roulette to check the size of the construction under construction into a diagonal and plan. Now you can lay the first row on the sandy-clay mixture, starting work from the middle of the row.

Putting the first row on a sandy-clay mixture

The verticality of the entire contour of the brick furnace during its structure is controlled by means of a simple fitting - plumbers stretching on the twine from the ceiling to furnace corners. The lines made in this way will become an excellent substitution for masonry. After completing the first row, we carry out the laying of the second row by a similar scheme:

• put on your place stones in the corners;
• we check the vertical of the corners with a plunder from the ceiling;
• we post the middle of the second row.

In the same way, we laid the third and subsequent rows of bricks. Do not forget to constantly taste the furnace construction plan (with a friend). It is necessary to clean the outer and inner parts of the stones from the excess solution using the construction workshop.

Depending on the type of oven, choose the location of the furnace, pondered, ash bar. In a conventional heating device, the confusion is made most often after the third row of bricks, the ash bar - after the fifth.

When laying the furnace, an important principle of dressings used by stones should be adhered to, which involves the overlap of the brick of the subsequent series of each seam located vertically. It is desirable that the vertical connection is located clearly in the center of the brick of the next row. In practice, such "Idylliya" achieve quite rarely. In this case, try to shift the seam to take a maximum of a quarter of a stone.

Do not forget to mount a special sheet between the floor and the first closure of the masonry (it is called the foremost). He will hide a small gap, always present in this place. As you can see, the brick oven is not so difficult to lay out your own hands.

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remoskop.ru.

How to fold the brick oven

Stove heating Not at all is going to learn yourself. Wood stoves made of bricks continue to build not only the owners of rustic houses, but also the owners of large country cottages. Another question is how much it costs to hire the Master-bugs for the construction yes to buy the necessary materials. The only way to save is to fold the brick oven with your own hands, having studied the construction technology according to the schemes - the coaches presented below in the article. Of course, the construction of a Russian or two-collocked stove with a bed is not a newcomer, but the source of the heat of a simple design will be overcome.

Simple brick furnaces

The first thing to be concerned is to choose a home heater project that can satisfy your warmth needs. We offer 3 options simple structures tested in the work of many years of practice:

• channel heating stove, so-called holland;
• cooking stove with oven and tank connected to water heating or DHW;
• swedie - a combined heater with a niche for drying things.

Channel stove - Holland

Alone to fold the Dutch shown in the picture, quite simple. It differs in small dimensions in the plan, but it can be put into height in the height of it, the internal vertical channels are lengthened. This allows you to warm up a two-storey house of a small area or a cottage, if you build a dutch with a pass through the overlap. The channel stove successfully burns the firewood of various quality and satisfactorily heats the premises, although they won't call it economical.

Reference. Holland is quickly warming up, and after the attenuation, it is not long enough, the duration of burning from one bookmark also leaves much to be desired. Her strong side is the simplicity of construction and inconspiciency in fuel.

The stove shown in the photo is a convenient option for dacha house or a small dwelling in the village, including for use in summer period. The tank mounted on the walls of hot flue gases is able to serve hot water for the heating system or household needs.

Swedish brick furnaces combine the merits of the two previous heaters. In addition, they are economical, they give the accumulated heat for a long time and they work equally well on firewood and coal. But the laying of the Swedet is not an example more difficult than the hob plus more brick and purchased iron accessories.

Swedish oven built into between the walls

Drawings and coaches

Furnace coach - Dutch
Holding scheme in context
The order of masonry of the hob
Schematic device plate Swedish furnace order

Any brick furnace transfers heat into the room with two ways: with the help of infrared radiation from hot walls and through air heating circulating in the room (convection). Hence the conclusion: for effective heating, it is necessary that the heater or at least part of it is in the heated room. Given this requirement, we will give some tips on choosing a place to build in a rural house and in the country:

1. If you need to warm one big room, then the stove is better lay out in the middle, with a little displacement to the side outdoor Wallwhere the cold goes from.
2. For heating 2-4 adjacent premises, the construction needs to be placed in the center of the building, dismantling some of the interior partitions.
3. Suppose 1-2 small rooms are adjacent to the hall. There you can conduct water heating with radiators and circulating pump connected to furnace heat exchange or Baku.
4. Do not plan to put the heater close to the outer walls. It is pointless to warm them, part of the heat will just go outside.
5. The cooking surface and oven must go into the kitchen, and the rudeness is in the living room or bedroom.

Council. Placing the heater in the center of the private house, make sure that the future chimney does not fall into the lip of the roof. It is better to shift the structure by 20-40 cm and remove the pipe through one of the roofing rods.

Partitions and floors of wood or other combustible building materials that are closer than 500 mm from the body of the furnace, subsequently need to be protected by metal sheets. It is desirable to lay a layer of basalt cardboard. In a stone house, these precautions concern only the wooden elements of the roof located near the chimney.

Preparation of materials and components

The main building material from which the stove is built with their own hands is a red ceramic brick. It should be high-quality and necessarily full, stones with emptiness inside in the bary do not apply, except for the construction of street mangals and barbecue.

Council. Holland is so undemanding to the quality of materials that it can be made of red bricks, used. Only upon completion of the masonry it will have to be created, for example, to put the tile or come up with a beautiful tile decor.

To fold a small-sized oven - Dutch, it is necessary to prepare such materials and accessories:

• red burned brick - minimum 390 pcs.;
• grill grate with a size of 25 x 25 cm;
• door loading 25 x 21 cm;
• small cleaning doors and ponded 14 x 14 cm;
• metal valve 13 x 13 cm.

Note. As mentioned in the first section, the Dutch can be postponed any required height. The specified number of bricks is enough for a construction in a single-storey private house.

List of components and building materials for the hob:

• full-time ceramic brick - 190 pcs.;
• grate grille 25 x 5 cm;
• two-circuit cast iron plate size 53 x 18 cm with disks;
• door of the fuel chamber 25 x 21 cm;
• metal tank - boiler with dimensions of 35 x 45 x 15 cm;
• brass cabinet 32 \u200b\u200bx 27 x 40 cm;
• doors for cleaning 13 x 14 cm - 2 pcs.;
• chimney valve;
• steel corner of 30 x 30 x 4 mm - 4 m.

In order to save money, the manufacture of a tank for heating water You can take on yourself - simply cook it from metal thick 3, and better - 4 mm. There is another option: instead of a tank, put the coil stove inside the furnace, welded with your own hands from a steel pipe with a diameter of 25-32 mm. But it must be remembered that in such a water circuit you need to organize a permanent circulation using a pump, otherwise the metal will quickly priece.

For the construction of the heating and cooking Swedish furnace you will need the same set of materials as for the stove. Only take the corner more - 50 x 50 mm, buy a steel strip of 40 x 4 mm and prepare a refractory (chamoten) brick on the fuel laying. To install accessories, find the soft wire made of steel with a diameter of up to 2 mm.

Council on masonry solution. Preparation of natural clay, on which experienced burns produce styling bricks, is a long and difficult process. Therefore, beginners are advised to use ready-made clay and sand mixes for the construction of furnaces.

Bookmark Fundament

Before folding the furnace, it is necessary to prepare a solid base. The construction is rather heavy, so put it directly to the floors, even poured cement tie, is unacceptable. The foundation of the stove is a built-in structure that does not touch with the base of the building. If you build a brick heater near the walls or build an angular fireplace, you need to make an indent of at least 150 mm so that there is a minimum lumen of 10 cm between the foundations.

If the floors in the house are filled with a screed, then for the furnace of the furnace foundation it is recommended to follow the next step-by-step instructions:

1. Remove the screed area and drop the pit, protruding the oven for 50 mm in each direction. Depth depends on the power of the upper layer of the sedimentary soil.
2. Put a sand pillow with a height of 100 mm and sink it. To the top fill the pit with a boot stone or broken bricks, then pour liquid cement mortar.
3. After frozen, laid the waterproofing layer from the frontieroid and install the formwork protruding over the screed, as shown in the drawing.
4. Prepare concrete and pour the foundation plate. For strength there, you can lay the reinforcement grid.

After 3 weeks (the time of complete solidification of the concrete mixture), put on the finished base of the roofing sheet, and from above - felt, impregnated with clay solution or basalt cardboard. After that, you can start laying the body of the furnace.

The scheme of the base device when wooden polits

To properly lay the foundation of the furnace under the wooden floors, use the same algorithm, only instead of the concrete slab, lay out the walls of the red brick (used) to the level of floor covering. Emptiness inside with boot or rubble and concrete on top. Next - sheet metal, spatial felt clay and a solid first series of oven masonry. Get more information on the topic you can watching the video